WO2018014454A1 - 一种多点吊装计算方法 - Google Patents
一种多点吊装计算方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018014454A1 WO2018014454A1 PCT/CN2016/102451 CN2016102451W WO2018014454A1 WO 2018014454 A1 WO2018014454 A1 WO 2018014454A1 CN 2016102451 W CN2016102451 W CN 2016102451W WO 2018014454 A1 WO2018014454 A1 WO 2018014454A1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B71/00—Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
- B66C13/08—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions
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- G06Q50/08—Construction
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- the invention relates to a calculation method for a lifting point of a steel structure.
- Multi-point lifting is a static problem. It is impossible to solve the force of each lifting point by solving the simple mechanical equation. Although the deflection equation can accurately solve the force of the lifting point, the solution is relatively complicated and the input conditions are more. Accurate input of structural dimensions and material properties of each section of the structure, as well as accurate weight distribution.
- the calculation software can also solve the stress of the lifting point, but it is necessary to model the analysis object one by one, which significantly increases the calculation time and workload of the lifting, which is inconvenient to use in practice. Therefore, there is a need for a calculation method that satisfies both the accuracy requirements of the project and is easy to use.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new calculation method for large-scale structure multi-point lifting to improve the accuracy and calculation efficiency of the calculation result.
- a multi-point lifting calculation method of the present invention includes the following steps:
- the analysis object is simplified to a one-dimensional beam model in the length direction;
- the beam model is divided into several segments
- the analysis object is simplified into a one-dimensional beam model in the width direction;
- the input parameters required for the calculation in the above steps include only the size of the analysis object, the total weight, the position of the center of gravity, the arrangement of the suspension points, and the ratio of the weights of the segments.
- the stop condition in the above step is that the difference between the estimated center of gravity and the actual value of the center of gravity reaches 0.0001.
- the method of the invention can meet the precision requirements of the project and is easy to use.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an analysis object model having m and n lifting points respectively in a simplified two-dimensional length and width direction;
- Figure 3 is a flow chart for calculating the length or width direction of the analysis object
- FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of an analysis object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a simplified two-dimensional model of the embodiment
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a simplified one-dimensional model of the embodiment.
- ⁇ X g stopping condition e.g. 0.0001
- each segment is distributed to the adjacent lifting point to obtain an approximate value of the force at the lifting point in the longitudinal direction.
- the total weight of the structure G and the estimated ratio of the force at each lifting point can be estimated.
- the difference ⁇ X g between the actual value and the actual value After using the revised
- the above calculation process is repeated until ⁇ X g satisfies the stop condition (eg, 0.0001), and the calculation is stopped.
- Figure 5 shows a simplified schematic of a two dimensional model of an embodiment.
- Fig. 6 shows a simplified schematic diagram of a one-dimensional model of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- R1 to R4 indicate the force at the lifting point
- G1 to G3 indicate the actual weights of the members between the adjacent columns, which respectively satisfy the following relationship:
- G represents the weight of the entire structure. Then, based on the actual situation (profile, component size, etc.), the ratio of G 1 , G 2 , and G 3 is estimated initially. Then there is
- X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 represent the positions of the center of gravity corresponding to G 1 , G 2 , and G 3 , respectively, and X g * represents the position of the center of gravity of the estimated entire structure.
- X g * is estimated, X g * ⁇ X g ; X g represents the actual center of gravity position of the entire structure.
- R 1 G ⁇ kr 1 ;
- R 2 G ⁇ kr 2 ;
- R 3 G ⁇ kr 3 ;
- R 4 G ⁇ kr 4
- R 11 , R 21 , R can be calculated from R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , respectively. 12 , R 22 , R 13 , R 23 , R 14 , R 24 , that is, the force of all lifting points, as shown in Figure 5.
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Abstract
一种多点吊装计算方法,包括:模型简化,输入长度、宽度方向重量分布的估值,对输入的估值进行计算并求得重心估计值与真实值之差,利用重心的差值进行反复修正直到满足停止条件后,输出结果。该方法既能满足工程的精度要求,又易于使用。
Description
本发明涉及一种针对钢结构吊点的计算方法。
对于大型工程结构的吊装,通常需要设置4个以上的吊点,并且吊点的设置需要考虑吊装过程中的变形以及受力特点,符合结构的实际情况。因此,在对大型结构进行多点吊装之前,需要对吊点受力进行计算和分析。
多点吊装属于超静定问题,无法通过解简单力学方程求出各吊点的受力;增加挠度方程虽然可以准确解出吊点的受力,但解法相对较为复杂,输入条件较多,需要准确输入结构的各剖面的结构尺寸和材料属性,以及准确的重量分布。使用计算软件也可以解出吊点的受力,但需要事先对分析对象一一进行建模,显著增加了吊装计算时间和工作量,在实际中使用并不方便。因此,需要一种既能满足工程的精度要求,又易于使用的计算方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于大型结构多点吊装的新计算方法,以提高计算结果的准确度和计算效率。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的一种多点吊装计算方法,包括以下步骤:
a.分析对象在长度方向上简化为一维梁模型;
b.根据吊点布置,将梁模型分成若干段;
c.输入各段重量之比的估值;
d.根据各段重量,估算重心位置;
e.根据重心估算值与真实值之差,修正各段重量之比,重复步骤d~e直至满足停止条件;
f.输出各段重量,估算吊点受力之比;
g.根据吊点受力,估算重心位置;
h.根据重心估算值与真实值之差,修正吊点受力之比,重复步骤g~h直至满足停止条件;
i.输出长度方向吊点受力之比;
j.分析对象在宽度方向上简化为一维梁模型;
k.重复步骤b~h;
l.输出宽度方向吊点受力之比;
m.根据长、宽方向上吊点受力之比及总重量进行计算,输出各吊点受力计算结果。
上述步骤中计算所需的输入参数仅包括分析对象的尺寸、总重量、重心位置、吊点布置及各段重量之比的估值。
上述步骤中停止条件为重心估计值与重心实际值之差达到0.0001。
本发明的方法既能满足工程的精度要求,又易于使用。
图1为本发明的流程图;
图2为简化后的二维长度和宽度方向分别有m和n个吊点的分析对象模型示意图;
图3为分析对象长度或宽度方向计算流程图;
图4为本发明一种实施例的分析对象结构图;
图5为实施例简化后二维模型示意图;
图6为实施例简化后一维模型示意图。
考虑到吊点受力计算的实际需求,对垂向的结构进行简化,可以将三维的结构实体转化为二维的平面模型,并不会对结果产生影响。吊点的布置需要考虑结构的实际特点,假设简化后的二维模型长度和宽度方向分别有m和n个吊点,则在长度和宽度方向上分别有(m-1)和(n-1)段,见图2。
下一步,需要对长度和宽度方向分别进行计算。
首先仅考虑长度方向,计算流程如图3。
将二维模型的重量分布到一维的情况下,可设(m-1)段的各段重量之间的比值满足
k=G1:G2:...:Gm-1,其中G=G1+G2+...+Gm-1为结构的总重量。接下来,根据结构的实际形状和设备管线布置特点,给出各段重量之比的估计值,即
根据力矩平衡原理,可以通过结构总重量G、各段重量之比的估计值k*、各段的实际长度Xi(i=1,...,m-1),计算得到结构重心在长度方向上的近似值结构的实际重心Xg通常是已知的,因此可以利用重心近似值和实际值之间的差值ΔXg,修正各段重量比值k*。接着,利用修正后的k*重复上述计算过程,直到ΔXg满足停止条件(如0.0001)后,停止计算。
将各段重量分布到相邻的吊点上,得到长度方向上吊点受力的近似值同样根据力矩平衡原理,可以通过结构总重量G、各吊点受力之比的估计值各段的实际长度Xi(i=1,...,m-1),重新计算结构重心在长度方向上的近似值利用重心近似值和实际值之间的差值ΔXg,修正之前给出的各段重量比值之后,利用修正后的重复上述计算过程,直到ΔXg满足停止条件(如0.0001)后,停止计算。最终,得到长度方向上各吊点的受力ki=Ri1:Ri2:...:Rij(j=1,...,m-1)。
采用同样的方法来计算宽度方向上吊点的受力。首先对宽度方向上各段重量的比值进行估计并计算宽度方向上重心的估计值,然后利用重心估计值与真实值之间的差值来修正宽度方向上各段重量的比值,直至满足停止条件。将最终得到的各段重量分布到宽度方向上的各个吊点。再利用宽度方向上各吊点受力之比计算重心并进行迭代修正,最后得到宽度方向上各吊点受力之比kj=R1j:R2j:...:Rij(i=1,...,n-1)。
根据长、宽方向上各吊点受力的比值ki、kj,以及分析对象的总重量,计算出所有吊点的受力值Rij(i=1,...,n-1;j=1,...,m-1)。
以图4的结构作为本发明方法的实施例。
图5显示了实施例的简化后的二维模型示意图。图中,Rij(i=1,2;j=1,2,3,4)表示吊
点受力,a、b、c表示相邻吊点的间距。
图6显示了本发明的第一实施例的简化后的一维模型示意图。图中,R1~R4表示吊点受力,G1~G3表示相邻立柱间构件的实际重量,分别满足如下关系:
R1+R2+R3+R4=G1+G2+G3=G (1)
接下来,根据力矩平衡原理可知
式中,X1、X2、X3分别表示G1、G2、G3所对应的重心位置,Xg
*表示估算得到的整个结构的重心位置。
由于Xg
*是估算得到,因此Xg
*≠Xg;Xg表示整个结构实际的重心位置。
若Xg
*<Xg,令
将得到的k1,k2,k3代入式(3)重复上述过程,直到满足下述条件时停止计算
将得到的k1,k2,k3代入式(3)重复上述过程,直到满足停止条件。
根据力矩平衡原理可得
将得到的kr1,kr2,kr3,kr4代入式(10)重复上述过程,直到满足下述条件时停止迭代
将得到的kr1,kr2,kr3,kr4代入式(10)重复上述过程,直到满足停止条件。
计算停止后,根据最终得到的kr1,kr2,kr3,kr4可以计算得到R1、R2、R3、R4,即
R1=G×kr1;R2=G×kr2;R3=G×kr3;R4=G×kr4
接下来,考虑宽度方向。由于本实施例的宽度方向上仅有两个吊点,因此可直接根据力矩平衡原理,得到其比值,即R1j/R2j=(1-s)/s(j=1,2,3,4),式中s表示宽度方向上,重心到R2j(j=1,2,3,4)的距离。
最后,根据R1j/R2j=(1-s)/s(j=1,2,3,4),可由R1、R2、R3、R4分别计算出R11、R21、R12、R22、R13、R23、R14、R24,即所有吊点的受力,如图5。
Claims (3)
- 一种多点吊装计算方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,a.分析对象在长度方向上简化为一维梁模型;b.根据吊点布置,将梁模型分成若干段;c.输入各段重量之比的估值;d.根据各段重量,估算重心位置;e.根据重心估算值与真实值之差,修正各段重量之比,重复步骤d~e直至满足停止条件;f.输出各段重量,估算吊点受力之比;g.根据吊点受力,估算重心位置;h.根据重心估算值与真实值之差,修正吊点受力之比,重复步骤g~h直至满足停止条件;i.输出长度方向吊点受力之比;j.分析对象在宽度方向上简化为一维梁模型;k.重复步骤b~h;l.输出宽度方向吊点受力之比;m.根据长、宽方向上吊点受力之比及总重量进行计算,输出各吊点受力计算结果。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种多点吊装计算方法,其特征在于:计算所需的输入参数仅包括分析对象的尺寸、总重量、重心位置、吊点布置及各段重量之比的估值。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的一种多点吊装计算方法,其特征在于:停止条件为重心估计值与重心实际值之差达到0.0001。
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CN114476965A (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 中国船舶集团青岛北海造船有限公司 | 一种超大型船舶总段吊装设计方法 |
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CN108425501B (zh) * | 2017-08-12 | 2020-05-15 | 中民筑友科技投资有限公司 | 一种基于bim的构件吊钉位置确定方法及装置 |
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CN114476965A (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 中国船舶集团青岛北海造船有限公司 | 一种超大型船舶总段吊装设计方法 |
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