WO2018012022A1

WO2018012022A1 - Rubber wear testing device

Info

Publication number: WO2018012022A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/007439
Authority: WO
Inventors: 剛侯; 畑中　進
Original assignee: 横浜ゴム株式会社
Priority date: 2016-07-12
Filing date: 2017-02-27
Publication date: 2018-01-18
Also published as: JP2018009823A; US20210293680A1; AU2017296468B2; US11333592B2; JP6821981B2; AU2017296468A1; CN109313111B; DE112017003544T5; CN109313111A

Abstract

Provided is a rubber wear testing device with which the state of wear of rubber which corresponds to wear from actual use can be easily understood with higher accuracy. A rubber test sample S is held by a holding part 3, and an additional force F is applied to the test sample S in the direction toward the circumferential surface 4a of a rotating rotary body 4 by a press-adhesion mechanism 10 to subject the test sample S to wear by replicating a stick-slip phenomenon by always allowing the test sample S to move in a direction opposite from the additional force F while pressing the test sample S against the circumferential surface 4a at a predetermined constant position.

Description

Rubber wear test equipment

The present invention relates to a rubber wear test apparatus, and more particularly to a rubber wear test apparatus that can easily and accurately grasp the wear state of rubber that matches actual use.

Conventionally, a DIN abrasion tester and a Williams abrasion tester are known as testers for evaluating the wear resistance of rubber. However, these wear testers are intended to grasp the wear resistance under a predetermined condition set in advance. For this reason, it is impossible to set the conditions consistent with various usage environments of the conveyor belt, and it is difficult to accurately predict the wear resistance of the upper cover rubber of the conveyor belt in actual use.

Therefore, an abrasion test apparatus using a mechanism similar to an annular belt sample and a belt conveyor apparatus has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). According to this test apparatus, since the test can be performed under conditions similar to the actual use conditions of the conveyor belt, it is advantageous for accurately grasping the wear resistance of the upper cover rubber. However, an annular belt sample is required, and the structure of the test apparatus is complicated.

By the way, when the object and the rubber move relative to each other in a contact state and the object slides against the rubber, they are not always in uniform contact. The process of elastically deforming the rubber against the force (frictional force) received from the object (sticking process), and the process of slipping the rubber against the object after the elastic deformation is resolved without resisting this frictional force (sliding) The stick-slip phenomenon is repeated. Since the conventional test apparatus does not fully consider this stick-slip phenomenon, there is room for improvement in order to grasp the wear state of rubber with high accuracy.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-90417

An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber wear test apparatus that can easily and accurately grasp the wear state of rubber that matches actual use.

In order to achieve the above object, a rubber wear test apparatus according to the present invention comprises a holding portion for holding a rubber test sample, a rotating body having a circumferential surface with which the test sample contacts, and a drive for rotating the rotating body. And a pressure-bonding mechanism that imparts an additional force toward the circumferential surface to the test sample held by the holding portion and always allows movement of the test sample in a direction opposite to the additional force. The test sample held in the holding portion is pressed against the circumferential surface at a predetermined fixed position with respect to the rotating body that is rotationally driven.

According to the present invention, by using the pressure-bonding mechanism, an additional force toward the circumferential surface of the rotating body that is rotationally driven is applied to the test sample held by the holding portion. The stick-slip phenomenon can be reproduced by crimping the circumferential surface at a predetermined fixed position and always allowing the test sample to move in a direction opposite to the applied force. Therefore, it is possible to grasp the wear state of the rubber that matches the actual use with higher accuracy without using an annular rubber sample or an apparatus having a complicated structure.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view illustrating the wear test apparatus of the present invention in a front view. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating a part of the wear test apparatus of FIG. 1 in plan view. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the stick-slip phenomenon. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view illustrating a partial configuration of another embodiment of the wear test apparatus in a front view. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating a conveyor belt line in a simplified manner. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.

Hereinafter, the rubber abrasion test apparatus of the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings.

In the rubber abrasion test apparatus 1 of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rubber test sample S to be tested may be a block-like lump instead of an annular body. The test apparatus 1 includes a holding unit 3 that holds a test sample S, a rotating body 4, a driving unit 5 that rotationally drives the rotating body 4, and a crimping mechanism 10. The wear test apparatus 1 of this embodiment further includes a dynamometer 6a, a temperature sensor 6b, a camera 6c, a control unit 7, a temperature adjustment mechanism 8, and a scraper 16, and is a component excluding the dynamometer 6a and the control unit 7. Is covered by a casing 2 a installed on the base 2.

The holding unit 3 holds the test sample S in a detachable manner. The holding unit 3 is not limited to a single unit, and a plurality of holding units 3 may be provided.

The rotating body 4 is a columnar or cylindrical grinding wheel and has a circumferential surface 4a with which the test sample S comes into contact. The circumferential surface 4a is a polished surface for the test sample S. The rotating body 4 is rotatable around a rotating shaft 4b provided at the center of the circle.

The material and surface roughness of the circumferential surface 4a are selected according to the test conditions. For example, a plurality of rotating bodies 4 having different specifications of the circumferential surface 4a are prepared, and the rotating body 4 is replaced according to the required specifications of the circumferential surface 4a. Or it can also be set as the rotary body 4 which can replace | exchange only the circumferential surface 4a. In this case, the circumferential surface 4a having the required specifications is attached to the core of the rotating body 4.

The drive unit 5 is, for example, a drive motor and is connected to the control unit 7. The rotational speed of the rotating body 4 (rotating shaft 4b) is controlled by the control unit 7 to a desired speed. In this embodiment, the drive part 5 and the control part 7 are connected via the dynamometer 6a. The dynamometer 6a measures energy required for rotational driving of the rotating body 4 (for example, power consumption of the drive motor 5). Data measured by the dynamometer 6a is input and stored in the control unit 7.

The crimping mechanism 10 applies an additional force F toward the circumferential surface 4 a to the test sample S held by the holding unit 3. As a result, the test sample S held by the holding unit 3 is pressed against the circumferential surface 4a at a predetermined fixed position with respect to the rotating body 4 that is rotationally driven. The crimping mechanism 10 is further configured to always allow movement of the test sample S in the direction opposite to the additional force F.

Specifically, the crimping mechanism 10 of this embodiment includes an L-shaped holding arm 11 a to which the holding unit 3 is connected, a wire 12 having one end connected to the holding arm 11 a, and the other end of the wire 12. It is composed of a connected weight 15. A support shaft 14 disposed in parallel with the rotation shaft 4 b of the rotating body 4 is rotatably supported through the support column 11 erected on the base 2. A holding arm 11a is fixed to one end of the support shaft 14, and a balancer 13 is fixed to the other end.

The weight of the weight 15 acts on the holding arm 11a through the wire 12. Therefore, the holding part 3 integrated with the holding arm 11a is rotated around the support shaft 14 together with the test sample S by the tension of the wire 12. That is, the weight of the weight 15 acts on the test sample S held by the holding unit 3 to apply an additional force F toward the circumferential surface 4 a to the test sample S.

The magnitude of the additional force F can be easily changed by changing the weight of the weight 15. Alternatively, the magnitude of the additional force F can be changed by changing the horizontal distance between the connection position of the wire 12 to the holding arm 11a and the support shaft 14 and the weight of the balancer 13. Moreover, the balancer 13 can also be installed so that the additional force F becomes zero with the weight 15 removed. For example, the weight of the balancer 13 and the distance from the support shaft 14 are selected so that the weight of the pressure-bonding mechanism 10 with the weight 15 removed is canceled and the applied force F becomes zero. The balancer 13 is installed so that the additional force F becomes zero with the weight 15 removed, the distance between the test sample S and the support shaft 14, the connection position of the wire 12 to the holding arm 11a, and the support shaft 14 The weight of the weight 15 and the additional force F can be made equal.

The surface of the test sample S facing the circumferential surface 4a is always pressed against and contacted with the circumferential surface 4a by an additional force F (specified load) having a constant magnitude. The direction of the additional force F is preferably set in a direction toward the rotation center (rotating shaft 4b) of the rotating body 4. In this direction, the test sample S can be stably pressed and brought into contact with the circumferential surface 4a by the additional force F. In order to smoothly rotate the holding arm 11a around the support shaft 14, the support shaft 14 may be supported by the support column 11 through a bearing, for example.

Here, the test sample S is only pressed toward the circumferential surface 4 a based on the weight of the weight 15. Therefore, the test arm S can always move in the direction opposite to the additional force F by rotating the holding arm 11a around the support shaft 14. Accordingly, if a force in the direction opposite to the additional force F acts on the test sample S, the test sample S can move in a direction away from the circumferential surface 4a.

The crimping mechanism 10 is not limited to the configuration exemplified in this embodiment. The crimping mechanism 10 applies an additional force F toward the circumferential surface 4a to the test sample S held by the holding unit 3 so as to crimp the circumferential force on the circumferential surface 4a at a predetermined fixed position. Various configurations can be adopted as long as the configuration allows the movement of the test sample S in the direction opposite to F at all times.

In this embodiment, the test sample S is in contact with the circumferential surface 4a at the same horizontal level position as the rotating shaft 4b, but the position where the test sample S is in contact with the circumferential surface 4a (the circumferential position of the rotating body 4). Is not limited to this. For example, the test sample S may be configured to contact the circumferential surface 4a at a position above the rotation shaft 4b. Thus, the predetermined fixed position where the test sample S is pressure-bonded to the circumferential surface 4a can be set as appropriate.

The temperature sensor 6b detects the temperature of at least one of the circumferential surface 4a or the test sample S. Data detected by the temperature sensor 6 b is input and stored in the control unit 7. The camera 6 c images the movement of the test sample S, and the captured moving image data is input and stored in the control unit 7.

The temperature adjustment mechanism 8 adjusts the test sample S to a desired temperature. In this embodiment, the temperature adjustment mechanism 8 is provided on the upper surface of the casing 2a. The temperature of the test sample S is indirectly adjusted by adjusting the internal temperature of the casing 2a to a predetermined temperature by the temperature control mechanism 8.

The temperature control mechanism 8 is controlled by the control unit 7. A heater that directly heats the test sample S or a cooler that directly cools the test sample S may be employed as the temperature control mechanism 8.

The scraper 16 has a brush shape, for example, and is in contact with the circumferential surface 4a. In this embodiment, the scraper 16 is in contact with the circumferential surface 4a at a position opposite to the test sample S across the rotating shaft 4b.

By the way, in the actual conveyor belt line, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the conveyed product 20 conveyed by the conveyor belt 17A is put into another conveyor belt 17B and conveyed to the conveyance destination. The conveyor belt 17B is stretched between

pulleys

18 and 18, and is stretched with a predetermined tension.

The conveyor belt 17B includes a core body layer 17c formed of a core body such as canvas or a steel cord, and an upper cover rubber 17a and a lower cover rubber 17b sandwiching the core body layer 17c. The core layer 17c bears tension for tensioning the conveyor belt 17B. The lower cover rubber 17b is supported by the support roller 19 on the carrier side of the conveyor belt 17B, and the upper cover rubber 17a is supported by the support roller 19 on the return side. On the carrier side of the conveyor belt 17B, for example, three support rollers 19 are arranged in the belt width direction, and the conveyor belt 17B is supported by the support rollers 19 in a concave shape at a predetermined trough angle a.

Generally, the conveyed product 20 is fed from a conveyor belt 17A having a relatively low traveling speed V1 to a conveyor belt 17B having a relatively high traveling speed V2 (traveling speed V1 <traveling speed V2). On the upper cover rubber 17a of the conveyor belt 17B, the speed of the loaded conveyed product 20 changes from the running speed V1 to V2. Therefore, the conveyed product 20 slides with respect to the upper cover rubber 17a, and this sliding becomes one of the main factors, and the upper cover rubber 17a is worn.

Thus, when the conveyed product 20 slides with respect to the upper cover rubber 17a, a stick-slip phenomenon occurs. In the stick-slip phenomenon, since the sticking process and the sliding process are repeated as described above, the surface of the rubber R on which the object slides has a predetermined pitch P in the sliding direction FD as illustrated in FIG. Wear lines L are formed. The pitch P corresponds to the sliding process, and the wear streak L corresponds to the sticking process. In the wear test apparatus 1 of the present invention, this stick-slip phenomenon can be reproduced.

Hereinafter, a method for grasping the wear state of rubber using the wear test apparatus 1 will be described.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the holding unit 3 holds the test sample S. The circumferential surface 4a is set to a desired specification. For example, when the upper cover rubber 17a of the conveyor belt is evaluated as the test sample S, the circumferential surface 4a having a surface roughness matching the shape or the like of the conveyed product 20 conveyed by the conveyor belt is used. Further, the weight 15 is set so that a desired additional force F is applied to the test sample S, and the rotating body 4 is rotated at the set desired speed. Further, the temperature control mechanism 8 is operated to set the test sample S to a desired temperature. These settings are performed, for example, so as to meet the conditions for actually using the rubber of the test sample S.

In the wear test apparatus 1 set in this manner, as shown in FIG. 1, the test sample S is given an additional force F toward the circumferential surface 4a of the rotating rotating body 4. The test sample S is pressed against the circumferential surface 4a by the applied force F at a predetermined fixed position with respect to the rotating body 4 and comes into contact therewith. Since the rotating body 4 is rotating, the test sample S and the circumferential surface 4a are in a sliding state, and the contact surface of the test sample S with the circumferential surface 4a is gradually worn.

After a predetermined test time, the wear amount of the test sample S is measured and the wear surface is observed. Further, the surface roughness of the test sample S before and after the test is compared to comprehensively grasp the wear state of the test sample S.

Here, in the present invention, the test sample S is always allowed to move in the direction opposite to the applied force F. Therefore, in the test sample S sliding on the circumferential surface 4a, a step of elastically deforming against the frictional force with the circumferential surface 4a (sticking step) and an elastic deformation without being able to counteract this frictional force. It is possible to repeat the step (sliding step) of eliminating and sliding with respect to the circumferential surface 4a. That is, the stick-slip phenomenon is reproduced.

On the other hand, if the configuration is such that the additional force F is applied to the test sample S by a fluid cylinder or the like, the test sample S has no room to move in the opposite direction to the additional force F, and thus is always in close contact with the circumferential surface 4a. It becomes a state. Therefore, the stick-slip phenomenon cannot be reproduced without repeating the sticking process and the sliding process.

According to the present invention, since the stick-slip phenomenon can be reproduced, it becomes possible to grasp the wear state of the rubber that matches the actual use with higher accuracy. In particular, it is suitable for grasping the wear state of the upper cover rubber of the conveyor belt.

Also, the test sample S may be a small piece such as a block, and it is not necessary to prepare an annular body. In addition, an additional force F directed to the circumferential surface 4a of the rotating body 4 is applied to the test sample S to be crimped to the circumferential surface 4a at a predetermined fixed position, and the test sample in the direction opposite to the additional force F is applied. It is not necessary to use a device having a complicated structure in order to always allow the movement of S.

In the present invention, the temperature change of at least one of the circumferential surface 4a or the test sample S can be detected by the temperature sensor 6b during the test. Since thermal energy is generated when the test sample S is worn, the energy at the time of wear can be grasped based on the detection data by the temperature sensor 6b. The magnitude of this energy varies depending on the type of rubber. Therefore, this detection data is useful, for example, for grasping the rubber type that can reduce this energy.

The energy fluctuation can be grasped by measuring the energy required for rotational driving of the rotating body 4 by the dynamometer 6a. The energy required for rotational driving of the rotating body 4 is relatively large in the sticking process of the tick-slip phenomenon and relatively small in the sliding process. Therefore, it becomes possible to grasp the predetermined pitch P in the tick-slip phenomenon of the test sample S based on the fluctuation of energy detected by the dynamometer 6a. Since the pitch P varies depending on the rubber type and test conditions, it is an index for evaluating the wear state of the rubber.

Also, the wear force acting on the test sample S can be calculated based on the detection data by the dynamometer 6a. For example, the energy required for rotationally driving the rotating body 4 at a predetermined speed is compared between the case where the test sample S is brought into contact with the circumferential surface 4a of the rotating body 4 with the applied force F applied and the case where it is not contacted By doing so, the energy generated by the friction between the test sample S and the circumferential surface 4a can be calculated. That is, the difference in energy compared can be approximated as energy due to friction. And since the outer diameter, rotational speed, etc. of the rotary body 4 are known, the frictional force acting on the test sample S can be calculated approximately. Thereby, the relationship between the additional force F applied to the test sample S for each rubber type and the frictional force can be grasped.

In this embodiment, the behavior of the test sample S in the stick-slip phenomenon can be confirmed by photographing the movement of the test sample S with the camera 6c. One cycle in which the sticking process and the sliding process in the stick-slip phenomenon are repeated varies depending on the rotation speed of the rotating body 4 and the type of rubber, and is, for example, about 0.01 seconds to 0.03 seconds. Therefore, it is preferable to use a high-speed camera 6c that can capture 100 frames or more in one second.

Also, the deformation amount in the pressing direction of the test sample S can be grasped from the photographing data of the camera 6c. Accordingly, it is possible to grasp the relationship between the deformation amount of the test sample S and the additional force F and the relationship between the deformation amount and the frictional force.

The wear resistance of the test sample S is temperature dependent. Therefore, this temperature dependence can be ascertained for each rubber type by performing the test while varying the temperature of the test sample S by the temperature control mechanism 8.

In this embodiment, when the rotating body 4 rotates, abrasion scraps and the like of the test sample S adhering to the circumferential surface 4a are removed by the scraper 16. As a result, the circumferential surface 4a can be easily maintained at a constant surface roughness, which is more advantageous for grasping the wear state of the rubber of the test sample S with high accuracy. When the scraper 16 is disposed at the front side in the rotational direction of the rotating body 4 with respect to the test sample S and disposed below the test sample S as much as possible, the removed wear debris is prevented from scattering. it can.

In another embodiment of the wear test apparatus 1 illustrated in FIG. 4, a circumferential surface 4 a that is in contact with the test sample S and a loading mechanism 9 that loads the inclusion W between the test sample S are provided. Yes. As the inclusion W, a material or the like that is supposed to adhere to the rubber under the condition that the rubber of the test sample S is used is used. Specific examples of the inclusion W include fine particles such as water, oil, and sand.

By providing the input mechanism 9, it is possible to grasp the difference in the wear state of the test sample S depending on the presence or absence of the inclusion W. Therefore, it becomes more and more advantageous to accurately grasp the wear state of rubber that matches actual use. The supply amount (supply speed) of the inclusion W may be controlled by the control unit 7.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wear test apparatus 2 Base 2a Casing 3 Holding | maintenance part 4 Rotating body

4a Circumferential surface

4b Rotating shaft 5 Drive part 6a Dynamometer 6b Temperature sensor 6c Camera 7 Control part 8 Temperature control mechanism 9 Input mechanism 10 Crimping mechanism 11 Strut 11a Holding arm 12 Wire 13 Balancer 14 Support shaft 15 Weight 16 Scraper 17A Conveyor belt 17B Another conveyor belt 17a Upper cover rubber 17b Lower cover rubber 17c Core layer 18 Pulley 19 Support roller 20 Conveyed material S Test sample W Inclusion

Claims

A holding part for holding a test sample of rubber, a rotating body having a circumferential surface with which the test sample comes in contact, a driving part for rotationally driving the rotating body, and the test sample held in the holding part, A crimping mechanism that applies an additional force toward the circumferential surface and always allows movement of the test sample in a direction opposite to the additional force, and the rotational body is rotated with respect to the rotating body. A rubber wear test apparatus characterized in that the test sample held in a holding portion is configured to be pressed against the circumferential surface at a predetermined fixed position.
The rubber wear test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit that controls a rotation speed of the rotating body and the additional force.
The rubber wear test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a dynamometer for measuring energy required for rotational driving of the rotating body.
4. The rubber wear test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of at least one of the circumferential surface and the test sample.
The rubber wear test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a camera for photographing the movement of the test sample.
The rubber wear test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a temperature adjustment mechanism for adjusting a temperature of the test sample.
The rubber wear test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a scraper that contacts the circumferential surface.
The rubber wear test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising an insertion mechanism for introducing inclusions between the circumferential surface in contact with the test sample and the test sample.