WO2018000986A1 - 一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统及巡检方法 - Google Patents

一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统及巡检方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018000986A1
WO2018000986A1 PCT/CN2017/085280 CN2017085280W WO2018000986A1 WO 2018000986 A1 WO2018000986 A1 WO 2018000986A1 CN 2017085280 W CN2017085280 W CN 2017085280W WO 2018000986 A1 WO2018000986 A1 WO 2018000986A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
antenna
refrigerated container
module
data
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PCT/CN2017/085280
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郝杨杨
吴翊
杨斌
Original Assignee
上海海事大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201610505244.4A external-priority patent/CN105911945A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610505265.6A external-priority patent/CN105974870A/zh
Application filed by 上海海事大学 filed Critical 上海海事大学
Publication of WO2018000986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018000986A1/zh
Priority to ZA2018/04130A priority Critical patent/ZA201804130B/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/048—Monitoring; Safety

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wireless patrol inspection system for a refrigerated container based on an ad hoc network, in particular to a wireless patrol inspection system and a patrol inspection method for a refrigerated container on a dock yard or an ocean freighter.
  • the reefer container must be managed according to the temperature specified by the owner during the storage and transportation process. It is necessary for the terminal operator and the electrician on board to conduct regular inspections.
  • the traditional inspection method is that the inspector carries the record book to the refrigerator and records the temperature of each refrigerated container. If there is a non-conformity with the transportation temperature specified by the owner or if the refrigerated container is found to be abnormal, notify the relevant personnel to check. And repair.
  • This kind of inspection method is not only long-term, low-efficiency, and the accuracy of data is difficult to guarantee. What is more important is that the complex operation process of the yard or the climbing process of the sea's bad weather environment may cause safety hazards for workers.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wireless patrol inspection system and a patrol inspection method for a refrigerated container based on an ad hoc network, and to realize a refrigerated container with a signal device in the inspection scope by configuring a handheld device for the reefer container inspection personnel.
  • the signal is monitored wirelessly to help the inspectors accurately and efficiently record the results of the inspection of the refrigerated container without climbing.
  • a self-organizing network-based wireless container inspection system for refrigerated containers comprising:
  • a plurality of signal machines respectively collect state parameters corresponding to the refrigerated container; the handheld device communicates with the signal device to view the state parameters of the refrigerated container sent by the signal receiving device, or transmits the control command and receives the state of the refrigerated container fed back by the signal machine The parameters are viewed.
  • each signal machine comprises: a plug, one end of which is connected with the data serial port of the refrigerated container to collect the state parameter of the refrigerated container; the system control module is connected with the other end of the plug, and sends the collection to the refrigerated container An instruction of the status parameter and receiving status parameters of the reefer container feedback, and The operation of the signal is controlled according to the received state parameter; the power module is configured to provide power for the signal device; and the communication module communicates with the handset through the wireless communication connection mode.
  • the power module further includes: a battery and a power management module; the battery provides a working power for the signal;
  • the system control module detects an operating state of the state parameter of the refrigerated container, and the power management module switches the state of the signal according to the detection result:
  • the power management module switches the signal to an operating state
  • the power management module switches the signal to be in a low power standby state
  • the signal machine collects state parameters of the refrigerated container.
  • the plug is a data serial port access plug; the data serial port access plug is connected to a data serial port of the refrigerated container; the plug is connected to the system control module through a circuit and a signal processing circuit.
  • the communication module in the wireless communication connection mode further includes an antenna, a wireless signal transceiver module and a modulation module, and performs operations of A and/or B.
  • the modulation module receives a status parameter output by the system control module and modulates into a wireless communication signal according to a predetermined protocol, and sends the signal to the wireless signal transceiver module; the wireless signal transceiver module modulates the wireless communication into the wireless communication
  • the state parameters of the signal are subjected to power amplification and filtering operations and output to the antenna; the antenna receives the state parameters of the filtered amplification process and transmits outward.
  • the antenna receives and outputs a control command sent by the monitoring platform or the handheld device;
  • the wireless signal transceiver module receives a control command sent by the antenna to perform a filter amplification process and outputs the result to the modulation module;
  • the modulation module Receiving and modulating the control command according to a predetermined protocol and outputting to the system control module; the system control module receiving the modulated control command and executing.
  • the signal device is further provided with a signal buzzer connected to the system control module, and the system control module detects that the state parameter of the refrigerated container contains a serious fault code or the temperature is abnormal, then the signal The machine buzzer sounds long.
  • the system control module receives the low power prompt of the power management module, the signal buzzer sounds short.
  • the handset comprises: a communication antenna for receiving a wireless communication signal matching a frequency transmitted by the signal antenna, and outputting to the filter amplification module; the filter amplification module receiving the wireless output of the communication antenna a communication signal, filtering an interference signal existing therein, amplifying the required wireless communication signal, and outputting to the signal demodulation module; the signal demodulation module receiving the wireless communication signal and performing data analysis according to the set protocol And outputting the data-resolved wireless communication signal to the system control unit; the system control unit receiving the data-resolved wireless communication signal and displaying the display module of the handheld device according to a preset instruction set, The storage module and the buzzer perform control; the display module formats the state data to display data according to an instruction of the system control unit; the storage module stores a state parameter output by the system control unit; The handheld device has a serious fault code or an abnormal temperature. Buzzer for sounding an alarm.
  • the criterion for the abnormality of the temperature is that when the set temperature is greater than or equal to 0 degrees, the absolute value of the difference between the return air temperature and the set temperature is greater than a preset value, that is, the temperature is abnormal; when the set temperature is less than At 0 degrees, the difference between the supply air temperature and the set temperature is greater than the preset value, which is the temperature abnormality.
  • the state parameter of the refrigerated container includes any one of a tank number of the refrigerated container, a set temperature, a set humidity, a supply air temperature, a return air temperature, a humidity, a USDA sensing data, a fault code, or random combination.
  • an antenna ad hoc network connection mode is established between the plurality of signal antennas.
  • each signal antenna is used to transmit data collected by the signal machine, and is also used to receive one or more other signals.
  • the data collected by the machine is forwarded to any other signal antenna antenna within the transmission power coverage range of the antenna ad hoc network; the data is transmitted to the handset via the antenna self-organizing network.
  • Another technical solution of the present invention is a wireless inspection method using the above-mentioned refrigerated container wireless inspection system, and the wireless inspection method includes the following processes:
  • a plurality of signal machines respectively collect state parameters corresponding to the refrigerated container; the signal machine transmits the collected state parameters through the antenna in a mode of radio frequency self-organizing network communication; the handheld device receives the state parameters of the refrigerated container collected by the signal machine, and The status parameters of the refrigerated container are stored and displayed.
  • the data frame of the antenna of the antenna ad hoc network includes the following fields:
  • SID sender's own ID
  • SSN the serial number of the transmission frame maintained by the sender itself
  • DID the target node ID, which is the ID of the recipient
  • DSN the data frame is set as the SSN of the sender when it is used as the response frame, and is set to 0 as the main frame.
  • FID forwarder ID
  • FCNT forwarding counter
  • Payload frame payload
  • CRC data frame check value, which needs to be recalculated each time it is forwarded;
  • the antenna ad hoc network further includes the following process:
  • the ID of the handset or monitoring platform is filled in the DID, the DSN is set to 0 when the primary data is sent, and the DSN is set to the SSN of the sender when the data is acknowledged;
  • the antenna receives the air data frame
  • the antenna records and updates the neighboring node IDs in the neighbor node table
  • the antenna forwards the data frame and sets FCNT to 0; the DID of the data frame is not in the neighbor list, the antenna forwards the data frame and decrements FCNT by one.
  • the FID of the data frame received by the antenna is not the antenna ID and the FCNT is not 0, the FID is set to the antenna ID and the FCNT is decremented by 1, the data frame is forwarded, and the data frame is successfully forwarded only once; the data frame received by the antenna When the FCNT is 0, it indicates that the target node has received the data frame or has reached the maximum number of forwarding times, and the data frame is no longer forwarded.
  • the wireless signal transceiving module of the signal is provided with a forwarding record table to record the SID and SSN of the data frame forwarded by the antenna;
  • the same SID records only the most recently forwarded SSN, and if the received data frame is in the forwarding record table, the forwarding of the data frame is stopped.
  • the antenna when the antenna sends or forwards the data frame, the antenna needs to use a one-to-one handshake mode to detect the integrity of the data frame sent by itself. If the data frame is damaged in the air, the data frame needs to be sent again after a random delay. Or forward.
  • the signal machine can collect the box number of the refrigerated container, the signal machine does not need to be coupled with the refrigerated container to achieve full coverage; the signal machine has independent battery power supply capability, and can be conveniently installed in the refrigerated container after the data output serial port can be wirelessly Monitoring; the status parameters of the refrigerated container collected by the signal transmission are transmitted to the handset through wireless communication.
  • the signal machine can be conveniently inserted into the relevant refrigerated container according to the actual work requirements of the inspection, and data acquisition and wireless communication signal transmission are started.
  • the signal antenna can transmit data, receive data and implement data forwarding function, and support the establishment of ad hoc network forwarding data between any antenna within the coverage of the transmission power, thereby bypassing the complicated environment in the container storage environment. Block the barrier and spread the data out through multiple paths.
  • the signal machine When the reefer container is not in the working state, the signal machine automatically enters the low-power standby state; when the reefer container is turned into the working state, the signal machine automatically enters the working state, thereby ensuring the durability of the use time of the signal machine.
  • the patrol personnel equipped with the handset of the present invention can search and receive wireless communication signals transmitted by the signal devices within a range of 50 meters or more along the way.
  • this method it is possible to effectively avoid a large amount of climbing and handwriting work of the inspection personnel during the inspection work, and at the same time reduce the difficulty of inspection and improve the efficiency.
  • the wireless patrol inspection system of the refrigerated container based on the self-organizing network can overcome the influence of bad weather on the inspection work of the dock yard and the marine freight container refrigerated container, speed up the inspection process, and improve the data quality of the inspection.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a refrigerated container of a refrigerated container wireless inspection system based on an ad hoc network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a signal machine of a wireless patrol inspection system for a refrigerated container based on an ad hoc network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a handheld device of a wireless patrol inspection system for a refrigerated container based on an ad hoc network according to the present invention
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a structural block diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 5 is a schematic overall structural diagram of an indication module in Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a communication link of a wireless remote monitoring method for a refrigerated container in Embodiment 2 Figure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the second embodiment in the ZigBee ad hoc network mode
  • FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the work panel 100 of the reefer container 10 mainly has a fan 101, a work group 102, and a data serial port interface 103 for downloading data; the above components are standard components of the reefer container 100.
  • a self-organizing network-based refrigerated container wireless inspection system includes: a plurality of signal devices and a handheld device; the signal device is conveniently inserted into a refrigerated container to be monitored for passing
  • the control command sent by the handset collects the status parameter of the refrigerated container and outputs the status parameter in a wireless communication signal manner; the handheld device is provided to the reefer container inspection personnel during the inspection process, and is received at the periphery thereof
  • the wireless communication signal sent by any of the signal devices within a certain distance range visually displays the state parameter of the refrigerated container to the inspection personnel, thereby implementing the wireless inspection operation.
  • the patrol personnel use the handheld device to search and receive wireless communication signals transmitted by the signal devices within a range of 50 meters or more along the way in the storage environment of the container yard or the container ship during the cold box inspection.
  • the signal device is provided with a signal processing module and a power circuit module.
  • the signal processing module 50 further includes: a system control module 54, a modulation module 53 and a wireless signal transceiving module 52 that are sequentially connected by a circuit.
  • the power circuit module 59 further includes a battery 57 and a power management module 58 connected to the battery.
  • the power management module 58 is connected to the system control module 54; the power management module 58 automatically switches between a working state and a low power standby state according to the chilled container operating state information fed back by the system control module 54; A working power source is provided for the signal.
  • the signal device is further provided with an antenna 51 connected to the wireless signal transceiver module 52, and a plug 56 and a signal buzzer 55 connected to the system control module 54.
  • the plug 56 Matching with the data serial port 103 of the refrigerated container for accessing the refrigerated container for data communication to collect state parameters of the refrigerated container.
  • the signal buzzer 55 performs a long beep or a short beep alarm according to an instruction received by the system control module 54.
  • the system control module 54 detects that there is an abnormality in the fault code or temperature of the refrigerated container, the signal buzzer 55 is notified to perform a long beeping alarm.
  • the system control module 54 receives the low power prompt of the power management module 58, the signal buzzer 55 is notified to perform a short beeping alarm.
  • the preset value of determining that the temperature is abnormal is 5, but is not limited to 5; the criterion for the abnormality of the temperature is: when the set temperature is greater than or equal to 0 degrees, the difference between the return air temperature and the set temperature If the absolute value of the value is greater than 5, the temperature is abnormal; when the set temperature is less than 0 degree, the difference between the supply air temperature and the set temperature is greater than 5, which is the temperature abnormality.
  • the system control module 54 After receiving the working voltage output by the power management module 58, the system control module 54 sends a command to the reefer container to collect and output the state parameter of the reefer container, and controls the state parameter to output at a certain time interval value.
  • the modulation module 53 receives the status parameter and modulates it into a wireless communication signal according to a predetermined protocol, and transmits the signal to the wireless signal transceiver module 52.
  • the wireless signal transceiver module 52 is configured to perform power amplification and filtering operations on the state parameters modulated into the wireless communication signals and output the signals to the antenna 51.
  • the antenna 51 receives the state parameter of the filtered amplification process and transmits it outward.
  • the handset includes: a system control unit 65; a signal demodulation module 62, a filter amplification module 61 and a communication antenna 60, which are sequentially connected to the system control unit 65;
  • the handset further includes: a display module 63 connected to the system control unit 65, a power module 67, a storage module 66 and a buzzer 64;
  • the communication antenna 60 of the handset is configured to receive and output a wireless communication signal that matches the frequency of the wireless communication signal sent by the signal antenna 51.
  • the filter amplifying module 61 is configured to receive a wireless communication signal output by the communication antenna 60, filter an interference signal existing therein, amplify the required wireless communication signal, and finally output the signal to the signal demodulation module 62.
  • the signal demodulation module 62 receives the wireless communication signal and performs data analysis according to the set protocol, and then outputs the data-resolved wireless communication signal to the system control unit 65.
  • the system control unit 65 receives and outputs the parsed state parameters.
  • the display module 63 receives and formats the status parameter to display data.
  • the system control unit 65 When the status parameter contains a fault code or there is an abnormality in temperature, the system control unit 65 notifies The buzzer 64 of the handset performs a long sound alarm.
  • the storage module 66 is configured to receive and store the status parameter.
  • the power module 67 is configured to provide working power for the handset.
  • the present invention also discloses an implementation method of an antenna self-organizing network communication protocol, which comprises the following process;
  • An antenna self-organizing network is established between antennas provided by each signal, and the antenna self-organizing network can transmit data, receive data and implement data forwarding function, and support establishment between any antenna in the coverage of the transmission power.
  • the ad hoc network forwards the data, thereby bypassing the complex shielding barrier in the container storage environment and spreading the data out through the multipath. This method can effectively solve the signal shielding barrier problem in the container storage environment.
  • the data transmission rate of each antenna is >1 MBit, and the data frame duty time is ⁇ 1 ms.
  • the specific data frame format is as shown in Table 1:
  • Table 1 shows the data frame format of the antenna.
  • SID is the sender's own ID.
  • SSN The serial number of the transmission frame maintained by the sender itself, and the sequence number is automatically incremented by 1 each time, but cannot be 0.
  • DID Target node ID, ie as the handset or monitoring platform ID.
  • the response frame is set to the sender's SSN, and the primary frame is set to zero.
  • FID Forwarder ID.
  • FCNT Forward counter; the maximum number of forwards set by the sender. This value is decremented by 1 when the forwarder forwards. When the frame is 0, the frame is no longer allowed to be forwarded.
  • Payload Frame payload, which is the effective communication data that needs to be transmitted.
  • CRC Data frame check value, which needs to be recalculated each time it is forwarded.
  • the antenna ad hoc network further includes the following process:
  • the antenna ID is filled in the SID, so that the SSN is automatically incremented by 1, but cannot be 0; the handset or monitoring platform ID is filled in the DID, and the DSN is set to 0 when the data is sent, and the data is DSN is set to the sender's SSN; FID is set to the antenna's own ID, according to the setting The maximum number of forwardings is set to FCNT, the valid communication data to be transmitted is filled in the Payload, and the calculated check value is filled in the CRC.
  • the antenna When the antenna receives the air data frame, the antenna updates the neighboring node ID in the neighbor node table; if the DID of the data frame is in its neighbor list, the antenna forwards the data frame and sets FCNT to 0; the DID of the data frame Not in the neighbor list, the antenna forwards the data frame and decrements FCNT by one.
  • the antenna forwards the data frame
  • the FID is set to the antenna ID and the FCNT is decremented by 1
  • the data frame is forwarded, and only the data frame is successfully forwarded.
  • the FCNT of the data frame received by the antenna it indicates that the target node has received the data frame or has reached the maximum number of forwardings, and the data frame is no longer forwarded.
  • the wireless signal transceiver module of the signal machine is provided with a forwarding record table to record the SID and SSN of the data frame forwarded by the antenna; the same SID records only the recently forwarded SSN, if the received data frame is in the forwarding record table , then stop forwarding the data frame.
  • the antenna When the antenna sends or forwards a data frame, it needs to use a one-to-one handshake to detect the integrity of the data frame sent by itself. If the data frame is damaged in the air, the data frame needs to be sent or forwarded again after a random delay.
  • FCNT can control the number of forwarding by setting a reasonable value to prevent invalid forwarding of data frames when the target node is not in the network coverage.
  • the present invention also discloses a wireless inspection method for a refrigerated container based on an ad hoc network, which comprises the following processes:
  • the system control module detects the working state of the refrigerated container; if the refrigerating container is in the working state and the signal is in an inoperative state, the system control module notifies the power management module to switch the signal to the working state.
  • the system control module notifies the power management module to switch the signal to a low power standby state.
  • the system control module sends a data acquisition instruction to the refrigerated container, and the refrigerated container receives the instruction and executes and feeds back the latest state parameter.
  • the status parameter includes, but is not limited to, the box number of the refrigerated container, the set temperature, the set humidity, the supply air temperature, the return air temperature, the humidity, the compressor pressure, the USDA1/2/3 sensing data, and the fault code.
  • the system control module controls the buzzer to perform a long sound alarm.
  • the system control module transmits status parameters to the modulation module and controls the transmission time point.
  • the wireless communication signal modulated, amplified, and filtered by the modulation module and the wireless signal transceiver module is transmitted outward through the antenna.
  • the antenna can simultaneously serve as a receiver to receive and retransmit the wireless communication signals.
  • the set collection frequency cycle until the reefer container inspection work is finished, unplug the plug.
  • the inspectors carried the handheld machine for the inspection of the refrigerated container storage site.
  • the handset After the patrol personnel enters the coverage of the wireless communication signal, the handset receives the wireless communication signal with the frequency matched by the signal. After receiving the wireless communication signal, the interference amplification signal existing therein is filtered by the filter amplification module of the handheld device, the required wireless communication signal is amplified, and finally transmitted to the signal demodulation module. After receiving the wireless communication signal, the signal demodulation module performs data analysis according to the relevant protocol, and then transmits the data to the system control module. After receiving the parsed state parameters of the refrigerated container, the system control module sends an instruction to the display module to perform visual display of the data, and simultaneously issues an instruction to the storage module to store the state parameter.
  • the buzzer provided to the handheld device is issued a long sound alarm. If the inspection is not completed, the above process is repeated until the wireless inspection system of the handset is turned off or the power of the handset is turned off. After the wireless inspection process is completed, the wireless inspection data in the handheld storage module can be exported to form the current inspection record table, which is used to replace the traditional paper inspection record table.
  • a wireless remote monitoring system for a refrigerated container includes:
  • a plurality of monitoring terminals 200 respectively collect state parameters of the corresponding refrigerated container, and the state parameters include, but are not limited to, the box number of the refrigerated container, the set temperature, the set humidity, the supply air temperature, the return air temperature, the humidity, the USDA sensing data, error code;
  • the monitoring platform 300 is connected to the monitoring terminal 200 by using a wireless communication manner, and is used for remotely viewing status parameters of the refrigerated container and transmitting control commands;
  • each monitoring terminal 200 includes;
  • the serial port access module 201 is connected to the data serial port 103 of the reefer container to collect state parameters of the reefer container;
  • the control module 202 is connected to the serial port access module 201 for sending a control command to the refrigerated container;
  • the cache module 203 (Flash flash) is connected to the control module 202 for storing the state parameters of the refrigerated container collected by the serial port access module 201;
  • the positioning module 204 is connected to the control module 202 for acquiring geographic location information of the refrigerated container;
  • the communication module 205 is connected to the control module 202, and is configured to send the status parameter of the refrigerated container, the geographic location information, and the control instruction sent by the monitoring platform 300 to the monitoring platform 300;
  • the power module 206 is respectively connected to the control module 202, the positioning module 204 and the communication module 205 for providing electrical energy; the charging interface 209 is for charging the power module 206, and the power module 206 is a rechargeable lithium battery with power management.
  • the monitoring terminal 200 further includes an indication module 207, and the indication module 207 is respectively connected to the control module 202 and the power module 206.
  • the indicating module 207 further includes an operating status indicator 2071, a power indicator 2072, a positioning indicator 2073, a mobile network indicator 2074, and a WIFI network indicator 2075; preferably, when the working status indicator 2071 is When the green light is on, it indicates that the monitoring terminal 200 establishes contact with the controller of the refrigerated container 10. In other implementations, the displayed color can be set. When the green indicator light 2072 is green, the electric quantity is greater than 30%, and the red light is lit.
  • the positioning indicator 2073 indicates that the positioning module searches for the satellite to implement the positioning function
  • the mobile network indicator light 2074 indicates that the search for the mobile network signal can implement wireless communication when the green light is on, the WIFI
  • the network indicator 2075 is lit green, it indicates that the wireless network communication can be realized by searching for the wireless network.
  • the monitoring terminal 200 further includes an antenna module 208, and the antenna module 208 is connected to the positioning module 204 and the communication module 205, respectively, for amplifying the positioning signal of the positioning module 204 and the amplification communication module 205. Communication signal.
  • the monitoring platform 300 includes a data receiving and distributing module 301, a storage server 302, and a human-machine interaction module 303, which are sequentially connected, and the data receiving and distributing module 301 is used by the data receiving and distributing module 301.
  • the storage server 302 is configured to store the status parameter of the refrigerated container received by the data receiving and distributing module 301.
  • the human-machine interaction module 303 is configured to query and display the status parameter of the refrigerated container and send the control instruction by the authorized user.
  • the storage server 302 can also be a cloud storage server, which is convenient for users to download and view.
  • the control command includes, but is not limited to, an immediate return command for specifying an immediate return status parameter of the refrigerated container; an interval return command for specifying a refrigerated container to return a status parameter within a preset time interval; and a switch command for controlling the refrigerating
  • the compressor of the container is started or stopped; the set temperature command is modified to change the set temperature of the refrigerated container; the fault diagnosis command is used to obtain the fault code of the designated refrigerated container controller, and analyze the fault diagnosis of the designated refrigerated container.
  • the positioning module 204 is configured by a GPS positioning chip or a Beidou positioning chip, and is used to acquire position information of the refrigerated container.
  • the communication module 205 has a mobile wireless communication network (GPRS network, 3G network, 4G network) access function, a WIFI network (mainly an internal intranet) access function, and a 433 MHz network (suitable for low Power consumption ZigBee ad hoc network) access function, 2.4G network (for low-power RFID data output) access function.
  • GPRS network Global System for Mobile communications
  • 3G network 3G network
  • 4G network 3G network
  • WIFI network mainly an internal intranet
  • 433 MHz network suitable for low Power consumption ZigBee ad hoc network
  • 2.4G network for low-power RFID data output
  • the power module 206 is composed of a rechargeable lithium battery and has a power management function.
  • the sleep is performed in addition to the low power consumption 433 MHz and 2.4 G networks, and the frequency can be used according to the frequency monitored once per hour. 50 days to meet the monitoring of long-distance transportation in the ocean.
  • the present invention also discloses a wireless remote monitoring method for a refrigerated container, comprising the following steps:
  • the staff When the reefer container enters the dock yard or the freight container position during the operation, the staff first connects the reefer container to the power source, starts up, and then inserts the serial port access module of the monitoring terminal into the data serial port of the reefer container, and then inserts Observe the signal indicator.
  • the working status indicator is lit by green light, it indicates that the device establishes contact with the controller of the refrigerated container.
  • the green light When the green light is on, the power is greater than 30%, and when the red light is on, the light is less than 30%. The light indicates that the positioning module searches for the satellite to realize the positioning function.
  • step S2 is performed.
  • the wireless communication connection mode includes a mobile wireless network connection mode, a WIFI network connection mode, a radio frequency identification network connection mode, and a ZigBee ad hoc network connection mode;
  • the network connection mode it is necessary to further check whether the green light of the mobile network indicator is lit; if the WIFI network connection mode is selected, it is necessary to further check whether the green light of the WIFI network indicator is lit; if the radio frequency identification network connection mode and the ZigBee self-organizing network connection are selected The mode does not require further inspection.
  • the monitoring platform receives the state parameter of the reefer container collected by the monitoring terminal, and stores and displays the state parameter of the reefer container.
  • control instruction includes an immediate return instruction for specifying an immediate return status parameter of the refrigerated container; and an interval return instruction for specifying the refrigerating
  • the container returns the status parameter within a preset time interval;
  • the switch command is used to control the start or stop of the compressor of the refrigerated container;
  • the set temperature command is modified to change the set temperature of the refrigerated container;
  • the fault diagnosis instruction is used to obtain Specify the fault code of the refrigerated container controller and analyze the fault diagnosis of the designated refrigerated container.
  • the monitoring platform issues a status parameter of the refrigerated container through the Internet, and is used by the authorized user to query the status parameter of the refrigerated container.
  • the collected data includes the box number of the refrigerated container, the set temperature, and the set humidity, unless otherwise specified.
  • supply air temperature, return air temperature, humidity, USDA sensor data data is collected and transmitted to the monitoring platform.
  • the data collected by the monitoring terminal includes the box number of the refrigerated container, there is no coupling relationship between the monitoring terminal and the refrigerated container, that is, any one of the monitoring terminals can be inserted into the data serial port of any refrigerated container.
  • the monitoring terminal 200 moves the wireless network (GPRS network, 3G network, 4G network), and transmits the data to the data receiving and distributing module 301 by connecting to the mobile base station 400 to access the Internet.
  • GPRS network GPRS network, 3G network, 4G network
  • the monitoring terminal 200 adopts a WIFI network connection mode, and transmits data to the data receiving and distributing module 301 by connecting to the wireless AP 500 and accessing the internal LAN of the enterprise.
  • the monitoring terminal 200 adopts a radio frequency identification network connection mode (2.4G low-power RFID data output mode), and can be performed by a hand-held terminal 600 with a 2.4G read head by a staff member. Inspection, collecting data during the inspection process.
  • 2.4G RFID data output distance is 10-30 meters according to different on-site environment, which can avoid the staff's original inspection needs to climb up and down (three layers of general stacking during refrigerated container operation), and walk directly along the box aisle Data can be collected in one round.
  • the handheld terminal 600 collects the data, the data can be transferred to the data receiving and distributing module 301 through a data line, a mobile network, a local area network, or the like.
  • the monitoring terminal 200 adopts a radio frequency identification network connection mode (2.4G low-power RFID data output mode), and may also be patrolled by the drone 700 with a 2.4G read head, and collect data during the patrol inspection process.
  • the 2.4G RFID data output distance is 10-30 meters according to different field environments, and the drone 700 can collect good data by flying one circle along the box aisle. After the drone 700 collects the data, the data can be transferred to the data receiving and distributing module 301 through a data line, a mobile network, a local area network, or the like.
  • Mode 5 When the monitoring terminal 200 adopts the ZigBee ad hoc network connection mode, the monitoring terminal 200 regards the terminal device in the ZigBee ad hoc network, and transmits the collected data to the nearby routing node 801, and the routing node 801 according to different site environment data.
  • the collection and transmission distance is 30-70 meters.
  • Each routing node in turn passes data to the coordinator 802, and the coordinator 802 passes the data to the data receiving and distributing module 301 via a mobile network, a local area network, or the like.
  • the refrigerated container 10 is stored in a row and a row in a row, and routing nodes 801 are installed on both sides of each row of boxes, and the routing node 801 collects data. Thereafter, the relay of the data is transmitted in the direction shown, and finally passed to the coordinator 802, and the data is transmitted to the data receiving and distributing module 301 by the coordinator 802 through a mobile network, a local area network, or the like.
  • the received data can be saved inwardly to the storage server 302 through the local area network, and the data can be further distributed to the upper department or the customer through the Internet.
  • the storage server 302 supports the human-machine interaction module 303.
  • the operation, the box number and the cargo space correspond one-to-one and display the received data in a visual way to realize the wireless monitoring of the refrigerated container. Since the collected monitoring data includes the box number, and the container position information of the container in the ship chart of the freighter or the yard management system of the yard, the one-to-one correspondence between the box number and the cargo space can be realized by the association of the box number. .
  • the human-computer interaction module 303 the staff member can see at a glance the refrigerated container of a certain box number placed on a certain box, and whether the current state of the item is normal.
  • the staff When the reefer container 10 enters the next transportation link, the staff first removes the monitoring terminal. 200, then unplug the power of the reefer container 10 to complete the operation process of this link.
  • a wired remote monitoring system for a refrigerated container includes: in this embodiment, a data collection terminal 200 having the same function, connection relationship, function and principle as that of the second embodiment, and a monitoring platform 300 are provided.
  • the control module 202, the cache module 203 (Flash flash memory) and the positioning module 204, the data collection terminal 200 is further provided with: a line module 211, the first end of which is connected to at least one data socket 103 of the refrigerated container, Collecting the status parameter of the refrigerated container, the line module 211 is a one-to-many Hub device, forming a one-to-many association between the data collection terminal 200 and the refrigerated container; the second end thereof is connected to the control module 202;
  • the data transmission module 212 is connected to the control module 202 for transmitting the status parameter of the refrigerated container, the geographic location information, and the control command sent by the monitoring platform 300 to the monitoring platform 300.
  • the data transmission module 212 is the data collection terminal 200.
  • the communication mode of sending data to the monitoring platform 300 is followed by protocol conversion, such as serial communication to TCP/IP communication, and then connected to the monitoring platform 300 through the data line for data exchange.
  • the signal amplifying module 210 is disposed between the hub module 211 and the control module 202 for amplifying the data fed back by the data serial port 103 of the refrigerated container to ensure data integrity and accuracy.
  • the line modulating module 211 and the data serial port 103 of the reefer container are connected by a serial port data line.
  • the data receiving and distributing module 301 is connected to the data transmission module 212 for receiving the state parameter of the refrigerated container sent by the data collection terminal 200.
  • the present invention also discloses a wired remote monitoring method for a refrigerated container, comprising the following steps:
  • the data collection terminal is connected to at least one refrigerated container to collect state parameters of the refrigerated container.
  • the staff When the refrigerated container enters the dock yard or the freight container position during the operation, the staff first connects the refrigerated container to the power supply, and simultaneously connects the serial data line to the data serial port of the download data of the refrigerated container and then starts up.
  • the data collection terminal sends an instruction to the connected refrigerated container according to the set time interval, and the refrigerated container receives the instruction and then feeds back the feedback data.
  • the feedback data is amplified by the signal amplification module of the data collection terminal and temporarily stored in the cache module.
  • the data collection terminal transmits the collected state parameter data to the monitoring platform.
  • the monitoring platform receives the state parameter of the refrigerated container collected by the data collection terminal, and stores and displays the state parameter of the refrigerated container.
  • control instruction includes an immediate return instruction for specifying an immediate return status parameter of the refrigerated container; and an interval return instruction for specifying the refrigerating
  • the container returns the status parameter within a preset time interval;
  • the switch command is used to control the start or stop of the compressor of the refrigerated container;
  • the set temperature command is modified to change the set temperature of the refrigerated container;
  • the fault diagnosis instruction is used to obtain Specify the fault code of the refrigerated container controller and analyze the fault diagnosis of the designated refrigerated container.
  • the monitoring platform issues a status parameter of the refrigerated container through the Internet, and is used by the authorized user to query the status parameter of the refrigerated container.
  • the refrigerated container to be monitored may be checked on the human-computer interaction module, and the data receiving and distributing module sends an instruction to the data collection terminal through the data line, and the data collection terminal according to the received instruction.
  • the monitoring unit has a one-to-one correspondence between the box number and the box position and visually displays the received monitoring data to realize remote monitoring of the refrigerated container to ensure the normal operation of the refrigerated container.
  • the monitoring platform finds that the temperature of a refrigerated container is abnormal, it triggers the emergency disposal function, and informs the relevant responsible person to carry out emergency treatment through short messages and WeChat.
  • the staff When the refrigerated container enters the next transportation link, the staff removes the serial port data line while unplugging the power cord to complete the operation of this link.

Abstract

一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱(10)无线巡检系统及巡检方法，包含：在信号机和手持机之间进行低功耗无线通信；若干个信号机，分别采集对应冷藏集装箱(10)的状态参数并向外发射无线通信信号；手持机，与信号机通信，以接收冷藏集装箱(10)的状态参数进行查看，或者发送控制指令并接收反馈的冷藏集装箱(10)的状态参数进行查看；每一信号机包含：串口接入插头(56)，与冷藏集装箱(10)的数据串口(103)连接，以采集冷藏集装箱(10)的状态参数；控制模块(54)，与串口接入插头(56)连接，用于向冷藏集装箱(10)发送控制指令；通信模块(51,52,53)，与控制模块(54)连接，用于向手持机发送冷藏集装箱(10)的状态参数、地理位置信息及接收手持机发送的控制指令。其具有经济实用、可便捷拆装，方法简便，易操作的优点。

Description

一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统及巡检方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，特别涉及一种码头堆场或远洋货轮上的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统及巡检方法。
背景技术
冷藏集装箱在堆存、运输过程中必须根据货主所指定的温度进行管理，需要码头作业人员、船上电工人员定时巡检。目前，传统的巡检方式是巡检人员随身携带记录本到冷藏箱旁边记录每个冷藏集装箱的温度，如出现与货主所指定的运输温度不符合或者发现冷藏集装箱工作异常时，通知有关人员检查和修理。此种巡检方式不仅周期长、效率低、数据的准确性难以保证，更为关键的是堆场复杂的作业过程或海上恶略的天气环境的攀爬过程会有造成工作人员的安全隐患。
发明的公开
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统及巡检方法，通过为冷藏集装箱巡检人员配置手持机，实现对巡检范围内装置有信号机的冷藏集装箱发出的信号进行无线监测作业状态，帮助巡检人员无需攀爬即可准确、高效的记录冷藏集装箱巡检结果的目的。
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，包含：
若干个信号机，分别采集对应冷藏集装箱的状态参数；手持机，与信号机通信，以接收信号机发送的冷藏集装箱的状态参数进行查看，或者发送控制指令并接收信号机反馈的冷藏集装箱的状态参数进行查看。其中，每一信号机包含：插头，其一端与冷藏集装箱的数据串口插口连接，以采集冷藏集装箱的状态参数；系统控制模块，其与所述插头的另一端连接，向所述冷藏集装箱发送采集状态参数的指令，并接收冷藏集装箱反馈的状态参数，以及 根据接收到的状态参数来对该信号机的工作进行控制；电源模块，用于为信号机提供电能；通信模块，通过无线通信连接模式与手持机通信。
优选地，所述电源模块进一步包含：电池以及电源管理模块；所述电池为所述信号机提供工作电源；
所述系统控制模块检测所述冷藏集装箱的状态参数含有的工作状态，根据检测的结果所述电源管理模块对该信号机的状态进行切换：
若检测所述冷藏集装箱处于工作状态，且所述信号机未处于工作状态时，则所述电源管理模块切换所述信号机至工作状态；
若检测所述冷藏集装箱未处于工作状态时，所述电源管理模块切换所述信号机处于低功耗待机状态；
若检测所述冷藏集装箱处于工作状态，且所述信号机也处于工作状态时，则所述信号机采集所述冷藏集装箱的状态参数。
优选地，所述插头为数据串口接入插头；所述数据串口接入插头与所述冷藏集装箱的数据串口接口连接；所述插头通过电路与信号处理电路与系统控制模块连接。
优选地，无线通信连接模式下的所述通信模块，进一步包含天线、无线信号收发模块与调制模块，执行A和/或B的操作。
A、所述调制模块接收所述系统控制模块输出的状态参数并根据预定的协议调制成无线通信信号，并发送给所述无线信号收发模块；所述无线信号收发模块对所述调制成无线通信信号的状态参数进行功率放大和滤波操作并向所述天线输出；所述天线接收经滤波放大处理的状态参数，并向外发射。
B、所述天线接收并输出所述监控平台或手持机发送的控制命令；所述无线信号收发模块接收所述天线发送的控制命令进行滤波放大处理并向所述调制模块输出；所述调制模块接收并对所述控制命令根据预定的协议进行调制且向所述系统控制模块进行输出；所述系统控制模块接收所述经调制的控制命令并执行。
优选地，所述信号机进一步设有信号机蜂鸣器，其与所述系统控制模块连接，所述系统控制模块若检测到冷藏集装箱的状态参数含有严重故障代码或温度存在异常时，则信号机蜂鸣器长鸣报警。或者，所述系统控制模块接收到电源管理模块低电量提示，则信号机蜂鸣器短鸣报警。
优选地，所述手持机包含：通信天线，其用于接收与信号机天线发送的频率相匹配的无线通信信号，并向滤波放大模块输出；所述滤波放大模块接收所述通信天线输出的无线通信信号，对其中存在的干扰信号进行过滤，对所需要的无线通信信号进行放大，向所述信号解调模块输出；所述信号解调模块接收无线通信信号并根据设定的协议进行数据解析并向系统控制单元输出经数据解析后的无线通信信号；所述系统控制单元接收所述经数据解析后的无线通信信号并根据预设的指令集，对所述手持机设有的显示模块，存储模块以及蜂鸣器进行控制；所述显示模块根据所述系统控制单元的指令，将所述状态参数进行格式化处理显示数据；所述存储模块存储所述系统控制单元输出的状态参数；当所述状态参数含有严重故障代码或温度存在异常时，所述手持机蜂鸣器进行长鸣报警。
优选地，所述温度存在异常的判断标准是，当设定温度大于等于0度时，回风温度与设定温度的差值的绝对值大于预设值即为温度异常；当设定温度小于0度时，送风温度与设定温度的差值大于预设值即为温度异常。
优选地，所述冷藏集装箱的状态参数包含冷藏集装箱的箱号、设定温度、设定湿度、送风温度、回风温度、湿度、USDA传感数据、故障代码之中的任意一项或其任意组合。
优选地，通过多个信号机天线之间建立的天线自组网连接模式，在此模式下，每个信号机天线用于发送所在信号机采集的数据，还用于接收其他一个或多个信号机采集的数据，并转发给天线自组网中发送功率覆盖范围内的任意一个其他信号机天线；经天线自组网将数据向手持机传输。
本发明另一个技术方案为一种无线巡检方法，使用上述冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，所述无线巡检方法包含以下过程：
若干个信号机分别采集对应冷藏集装箱的状态参数；信号机通过天线以射频自组网通信的模式将采集的状态参数向外发射；手持机接收信号机采集到的冷藏集装箱的状态参数，并对冷藏集装箱的状态参数进行存储及显示。
优选地，所述天线自组网的天线的数据帧包含以下字段：
SID：发送方自身ID；
SSN：发送方自身维护的发送帧序列号；
DID：目标节点ID，作为接收者的ID；
DSN：该数据帧作为应答帧时设为发送方的SSN，作为主发帧时设为0；
FID：转发者ID；
FCNT：转发计数器；由发送方设置的最大转发次数，在转发者转发时将该值减1，该帧为0时不再允许转发该帧；
Payload：帧有效载荷；
CRC：数据帧校验值，每次转发时需要重新计算校验值；
所述天线自组网进一步包含以下过程：
天线作为发送方发送数据时，
将天线自身ID填入SID，使SSN自动加1，但不能为0；
将手持机或监控平台ID填入DID，主发数据时DSN置0，应答数据时将DSN设置为发送方的SSN；
将FID设为天线自身ID，根据设定的最大转发次数设置FCNT，将需要传输的有效通讯数据填入Payload，将计算出的校验值填入CRC。
优选地，天线接收空中数据帧时，
天线在邻节点表内对周围邻节点ID进行记录更新；
如果数据帧的DID在其邻节点表内，天线转发该数据帧并将FCNT设为0；数据帧的DID不在邻节点表内，天线转发该数据帧并将FCNT减1。
优选地，当天线转发数据帧时，
天线接收到的数据帧的DID不是该天线自身ID且FCNT不为0时，将FID设为天线自身ID且将FCNT减1后，转发该数据帧，并且只成功转发一次；天线接收的数据帧的FCNT为0时，说明目标节点已经接收到数据帧或已达到最大转发次数，不再转发该数据帧。
优选地，通过信号机的无线信号收发模块设有转发记录表，来记录天线转发过的数据帧的SID与SSN；
同一个SID只记录最近转发的SSN，如果接收到的数据帧在所述转发记录表内，则停止转发该数据帧。
优选地，天线在主发或转发数据帧时，要求采用一对一的握手方式侦测自身发出数据帧的完整性，若数据帧空中遭破坏，则数据帧需要经过一个随机延时后再次发送或转发。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
由于信号机能够采集冷藏集装箱的箱号，因此信号机无需与冷藏集装箱耦合，实现全覆盖；信号机具有独立的电池供电能力，便捷安装在冷藏集装箱的数据输出串口后即可对冷藏集装箱进行无线监控；信号机采集到的冷藏集装箱的状态参数通过无线通信方式传输至手持机。
本发明中信号机可由巡检人员根据巡检的实际工作需要便捷插入到相关冷藏集装箱上，随即开始进行数据采集与无线通信信号发射。
信号机天线既可以发送数据，也可以接收数据并实现数据转发功能，支持与发送功率覆盖范围内的任一天线之间建立自组网转发传递数据，借此绕过集装箱堆存环境下复杂的屏蔽阻隔，将数据通过多路径扩散出去。
当冷藏集装箱未处于作业状态时，信号机自动进入低功耗待机状态；当冷藏集装箱转入工作状态时，信号机自动进入工作状态，从而保证了信号机使用时间的持久性。
本发明中配备有手持机的巡检人员在巡检过程中，可沿途搜索并接收50米以上范围内信号机发射的无线通信信号。通过采用该种方式，可以有效的避免巡检人员在巡检工作过程中大量的攀爬与手抄工作，同时减少了巡检难度，提高了效率。
本发明所述基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统能够克服恶劣天气对码头堆场、海上货轮冷藏集装箱巡检工作的影响，加快巡检进程，提高巡检的数据质量。
附图的简要说明
图1为本发明一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统的冷藏集装箱的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统的信号机的结构框图；
图3为本发明一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统的手持机的结构框图；
图4为本发明实施例二的结构框图；
图5为实施例二中的指示模块的整体结构示意图；
图6为实施例二中的冷藏集装箱的无线远程监控方法的通信链路示意 图；
图7为实施例二在ZigBee自组网模式下的工作示意图；
图8为本发明实施例三的结构框图。
实现本发明的最佳方式
以下结合附图，通过详细说明一个较佳的具体实施例，对本发明做进一步阐述。
如图1所示，冷藏集装箱10的工作面板100上主要有风机101、工作组102以及用于下载数据的数据串口接口103；以上组成部分是冷藏集装箱100的标配部件。
实施例一
结合图2至图3所示，一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，包含：多个信号机与手持机；所述信号机便捷插入到需要监测的冷藏集装箱上，用于通过手持机发送的控制指令采集冷藏集装箱的状态参数并以无线通信信号的方式将所述状态参数进行输出；所述手持机配备给冷藏集装箱巡检人员在巡检过程中持有，接收在其周边一定距离范围内的任意所述信号机发出的无线通信信号，将冷藏集装箱的状态参数向巡检人员直观显示，从而实现无线巡检作业。所述巡检人员使用手持机在冷箱巡检时，在集装箱堆场或集装箱船舶的堆存环境下，可沿途搜索并接收50米以上范围内信号机发射的无线通信信号。
如图2所示，所述信号机设有信号处理模块与电源电路模块。所述信号处理模块50进一步包含：通过电路依次连接的系统控制模块54，调制模块53与无线信号收发模块52。所述电源电路模块59进一步包含：电池57以及与所述电池连接的电源管理模块58。所述电源管理模块58与所述系统控制模块54连接；所述电源管理模块58根据系统控制模块54反馈的冷藏集装箱运作状态信息自动在作业状态和低功耗待机状态之间切换；所述电池为所述信号机提供工作电源。
所述信号机进一步设有与所述无线信号收发模块52连接的天线51，以及与所述系统控制模块54连接的插头56和信号机蜂鸣器55。所述插头56 与所述冷藏集装箱的数据串口103相匹配，用于接入冷藏集装箱实现数据通信，以采集冷藏集装箱的状态参数。
所述信号机蜂鸣器55根据收到系统控制模块54输出的指令，进行长鸣或短鸣报警。当所述系统控制模块54检测到冷藏集装箱的故障代码或温度存在异常后，通知信号机蜂鸣器55进行长鸣报警。当所述系统控制模块54接收到电源管理模块58低电量提示时，通知信号机蜂鸣器55进行短鸣报警。
本实施例中，判断温度存在异常的预设值为5，但不限于5；所述温度存在异常的判断标准是：当设定温度大于等于0度时，回风温度与设定温度的差值的绝对值大于5即为温度异常；当设定温度小于0度时，送风温度与设定温度的差值大于5即为温度异常。
所述系统控制模块54接收到电源管理模块58所输出的工作电压后，向冷藏集装箱发送指令采集冷藏集装箱的状态参数并输出，并控制所述状态参数以一定时间间隔值进行输出。
所述调制模块53接收所述状态参数并根据预定的协议调制成无线通信信号，并发送给所述无线信号收发模块52。所述无线信号收发模块52用于对所述调制成无线通信信号的状态参数进行功率放大和滤波操作并向所述天线51输出。所述天线51接收经滤波放大处理的状态参数，并向外发射。
如图3所示，所述手持机包含：系统控制单元65；依次与所述系统控制单元65连接的信号解调模块62，滤波放大模块61与通信天线60；
所述手持机进一步包含：与所述系统控制单元65连接的显示模块63、电源模块67、存储模块66与蜂鸣器64；
所述手持机的通信天线60，用于接收与信号机天线51发出的无线通信信号的频率相匹配的无线通信信号并输出。所述滤波放大模块61，用于接收所述通信天线60输出的无线通信信号，对其中存在的干扰信号进行过滤，对所需要的无线通信信号进行放大，最后向所述信号解调模块62输出。所述信号解调模块62接收无线通信信号并按照设定的协议进行数据解析，然后将所述数据解析后的无线通信信号向所述系统控制单元65输出。所述系统控制单元65接收并将解析后的状态参数输出。所述显示模块63接收并将所述状态参数进行格式化处理显示数据。
当状态参数含有故障代码或温度存在异常时，所述系统控制单元65通知 手持机的蜂鸣器64进行长鸣报警。所述存储模块66用于接收并存储所述状态参数。所述电源模块67用于为所述手持机提供工作电源。
综合上述基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，本发明还公开了一种天线自组网通讯协议的实现方法，包含以下过程；
各个信号机设有的天线之间建立天线自组网，所述天线自组网既可以发送数据，也可以接收数据并实现数据转发功能，支持与发送功率覆盖范围内的任一天线之间建立自组网转发传递数据，借此绕过集装箱堆存环境下复杂的屏蔽阻隔，将数据通过多路径扩散出去。该方式可有效解决集装箱堆存环境下的信号屏蔽阻隔问题。
所述各个天线的数据发送速率>1MBit，数据帧占空时间<1ms，具体的数据帧格式如表1所示：
表1为天线的数据帧格式
字段名 SID SSN DID DSN FID FCNT Payload CRC
字段类型 word word word word word word bytes word
数据帧说明：
SID：为发送方自身ID。
SSN：发送方自身维护的发送帧序列号，且每次发送序列号自动加1，但不能为0。
DID：目标节点ID，即作为手持机或监控平台ID。
DSN：应答帧设为发送方的SSN，主发帧设为0。
FID：转发者ID。
FCNT：转发计数器；由发送方设置的最大转发次数，转发者转发时将该值减1，该帧为0时不再允许转发该帧。
Payload：帧有效载荷，即需要传输的有效通讯数据。
CRC：数据帧校验值，每次转发时需要重新计算校验值。
所述天线自组网进一步包含以下过程：
天线作为发送方发送数据时，将天线自身ID填入SID，使SSN自动加1，但不能为0；将手持机或监控平台ID填入DID，主发数据时DSN置0，应答数据时将DSN设置为发送方的SSN；将FID设为天线自身ID，根据设定 的最大转发次数设置FCNT，将需要传输的有效通讯数据填入Payload，将计算出的校验值填入CRC。
天线接收空中数据帧时，天线在邻节点表内对周围邻节点ID进行记录更新；如果数据帧的DID在其邻节点表内，天线转发该数据帧并将FCNT设为0；数据帧的DID不在邻节点表内，天线转发该数据帧并将FCNT减1。
当天线转发数据帧时，天线接收到的数据帧的DID不是该天线自身ID且FCNT不为0时，将FID设为天线自身ID且将FCNT减1后，转发该数据帧，并且只成功转发一次；天线接收的数据帧的FCNT为0时，说明目标节点已经接收到数据帧或已达到最大转发次数，不再转发该数据帧。
通过信号机的无线信号收发模块设有转发记录表，来记录天线转发过的数据帧的SID与SSN；同一个SID只记录最近转发的SSN，如果接收到的数据帧在所述转发记录表内，则停止转发该数据帧。
天线在主发或转发数据帧时，要求采用一对一的握手方式侦测自身发出数据帧的完整性，若数据帧空中遭破坏，则数据帧需要经过一个随机延时后再次发送或转发。
综上所述，数据帧的扩散转发传播特征非常适合在信号屏蔽或阻断严重的复杂环境下的传输接力，即使在复杂坑道内的角落也能通过彼此接力绕射传输到目标节点。由于对同一数据帧只转发一次，节点发出的信息会被周围节点转发向外延扩散，不会回流。FCNT通过设置合理的数值可以控制转发次数，防止数据帧在目标节点不在网络覆盖范围内时的无效转发。
综合上述基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，本发明还公开了一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱的无线巡检方法，包含以下过程：
将信号机的插头接入到需要巡检的冷藏集装箱标准数据串口接口中。系统控制模块检测冷藏集装箱的工作状态；若冷藏集装箱处于工作状态，信号机处于未工作状态，系统控制模块通知电源管理模块切换所述信号机至工作状态。
若冷藏集装箱处于未工作状态，系统控制模块通知电源管理模块切换所述信号机至低功耗待机状态。
如果冷藏集装箱与信号机均处于工作状态，则所述系统控制模块向冷藏集装箱发送数据采集指令，冷藏集装箱接到指令后执行并反馈最新的状态参 数，所述状态参数包含但不限于冷藏集装箱的箱号、设定温度、设定湿度、送风温度、回风温度、湿度、压缩机压力、USDA1/2/3传感数据、故障代码。
当冷藏集装箱的温湿度存在异常或者存在严重故障代码时，系统控制模块控制蜂鸣器进行长鸣报警。系统控制模块向调制模块传输状态参数并控制发送时间点。经过调制模块与无线信号收发模块调制、放大和滤波的无线通信信号通过天线向外发射。
在此过程中，基于多个信号机的天线构成的上述天线自组网通讯协议，则天线同时可以作为接收者，进行无线通信信号的接收再转发。根据设定好的采集频率循环，直至该冷藏集装箱巡检工作结束，拔掉插头。
巡检人员携带手持机进行冷藏集装箱堆存现场进行巡检工作。
巡检人员进入无线通信信号覆盖范围后，手持机接收到信号机发出的频率相匹配的无线通信信号。收到无线通信信号后，通过手持机的滤波放大模块对其中存在的干扰信号进行过滤，对所需要的无线通信信号进行放大，最后传输至信号解调模块。信号解调模块收到无线通信信号后，按照相关协议进行数据解析，然后传输至系统控制模块。系统控制模块接收到解析好的冷藏集装箱状态参数后，下发指令至显示模块进行数据直观显示，同时下发指令至存储模块存储状态参数。
若状态参数中有冷藏集装箱存在温湿度异常或者严重的故障代码，下发指令至所述手持机设有的蜂鸣器进行长鸣报警。巡检未结束则一种重复上述过程直至手持机无线巡检系统关闭或手持机电源关闭。无线巡检过程结束后，可以将手持机存储模块中的无线巡检数据导出形成本次巡检记录表，用以代替传统的纸质巡检记录表。
实施例二
如图4及图5所示，一种冷藏集装箱的无线远程监控系统，包含：
若干个监控终端200，分别采集对应冷藏集装箱的状态参数，状态参数包含但不限于冷藏集装箱的箱号、设定温度、设定湿度、送风温度、回风温度、湿度、USDA传感数据、故障代码；
监控平台300，与监控终端200采用无线通信方式连接，用于远程查看冷藏集装箱的状态参数及发送控制指令；
其中，每一监控终端200包含；
串口接入模块201，与冷藏集装箱的数据串口103连接，以采集冷藏集装箱的状态参数；
控制模块202，与所述的串口接入模块201连接，用于向冷藏集装箱发送控制指令；
缓存模块203(Flash闪存)，与所述的控制模块202连接，用于存储串口接入模块201采集到的冷藏集装箱的状态参数；
定位模块204，与所述的控制模块202连接，用于获取冷藏集装箱的地理位置信息；
通信模块205，与所述的控制模块202连接，用于向监控平台300发送冷藏集装箱的状态参数、地理位置信息及接收监控平台300发送的控制指令；
电源模块206，分别与所述的控制模块202、定位模块204及通信模块205连接，用于提供电能；充电接口209，为电源模块206充电，电源模块206为一可充电锂电池，具有电源管理功能。
在本实施例中，如图5所示，所述的监控终端200还包含一指示模块207，所述的指示模块207分别与所述的控制模块202及电源模块206连接。
所述的指示模块207进一步包含工作状态指示灯2071，电量指示灯2072，定位指示灯2073，移动网络指示灯2074及WIFI网络指示灯2075；较佳地，当所述的工作状态指示灯2071为绿灯点亮时表示监控终端200与冷藏集装箱10的控制器建立联系，在其他实施中可以对显示的颜色进行设定，电量指示灯2072为绿灯点亮时表示电量大于30％，红灯点亮时表示点亮小于30％，所述定位指示灯2073表示定位模块搜索到卫星可以实现定位功能，所述移动网络指示灯2074绿灯点亮时表示搜索到移动网络信号可以实现无线通信，所述WIFI网络指示灯2075绿灯点亮时表示搜索到无线网络可以实现无线网络通信。
在本实施例中，所述的监控终端200还包含一天线模块208，所述的天线模块208分别与定位模块204及通信模块205连接，用于放大定位模块204的定位信号及放大通信模块205的通信信号。
在本实施例中，如图4所示，所述的监控平台300包含依次连接的数据接收与分发模块301、存储服务器302及人机交互模块303，所述的数据接收与分发模块301用于接收监控终端200发送的冷藏集装箱的状态参数；所述 的存储服务器302用于存储数据接收与分发模块301接收的冷藏集装箱的状态参数；所述的人机交互模块303用于经授权的用户查询并显示冷藏集装箱的状态参数及发送控制指令。存储服务器302也可以为云存储服务器，方便用户下载查看。控制指令包含但不限于立即回传指令，用于指定冷藏集装箱立即回传状态参数；间隔回传指令，用于指定冷藏集装箱在预设时间间隔内回传状态参数；开关指令，用于控制冷藏集装箱的压缩机启动或停止；修改设定温度指令，用于更改冷藏集装箱的设定温度；故障诊断指令，用于获取指定冷藏集装箱控制器的故障代码，并分析对指定冷藏集装箱进行故障诊断。
在本实施例中，所述定位模块204由GPS定位芯片或北斗定位芯片构成，用于获取冷藏集装箱的位置信息。
在本实施例中，所述通信模块205具有移动无线通信网络(GPRS网络、3G网络、4G网络)接入功能、WIFI网络(主要是企业内部局域网络)接入功能，433MHz网络(适用于低功耗ZigBee自组网)接入功能，2.4G网络(适用于低功耗RFID数据输出)接入功能。在另外一些实施例中，还可以为蓝牙模块，用于传输数据。
在本实施例中，所述电源模块206由可充电锂电池构成，具有电源管理功能，非工作状态下除低功耗的433MHz、2.4G网络外进行休眠，按照每小时监控一次的频率可以使用50天，满足远洋长时间运输过程的监控。
结合上述的无线远程监控系统，本发明还公开了一种冷藏集装箱的无线远程监控方法，包含以下步骤：
S1、若干个监控终端分别采集对应冷藏集装箱的状态参数。
当冷藏集装箱在作业过程中进入码头堆场或货轮箱位上时，工作人员首先给冷藏集装箱接入电源，开机运行，然后将监控终端的串口接入模块对准冷藏集装箱的数据串口插入，然后观察信号指示灯。工作状态指示灯为绿灯点亮时表示设备与冷藏集装箱的控制器建立联系，所述电量指示灯为绿灯点亮时表示电量大于30％，红灯点亮时表示点亮小于30％，定位指示灯表示定位模块搜索到卫星可以实现定位功能，所述移动网络指示灯绿灯点亮时表示搜索到移动网络信号可以实现无线通信，所述WIFI网络指示灯绿灯点亮时表示搜索到无线网络可以实现无线网络通信。检查工作状态指示灯26、电量指示灯27、定位指示灯28绿灯是否点亮。如果未全部点亮，则检查设备是 否插好或电量是否耗尽。如果全部点亮，则执行步骤S2。
S2、获取监控终端与监控平台的无线通信连接模式；所述的无线通信连接模式包含移动无线网络连接模式，WIFI网络连接模式，射频识别网络连接模式以及ZigBee自组网连接模式；若选择移动无线网络连接模式，则需进一步检查移动网络指示灯绿灯是否点亮；若选择WIFI网络连接模式，则需进一步检查WIFI网络指示灯绿灯是否点亮；若选择射频识别网络连接模式及ZigBee自组网连接模式则无需进一步检查。
S3、监控平台接收监控终端采集到的冷藏集装箱的状态参数，并对冷藏集装箱的状态参数进行存储及显示。
S4、通过监控平台向冷藏集装箱发送控制指令，冷藏集装箱执行相应的操作，所述的控制指令包含立即回传指令，用于指定冷藏集装箱立即回传状态参数；间隔回传指令，用于指定冷藏集装箱在预设时间间隔内回传状态参数；开关指令，用于控制冷藏集装箱的压缩机启动或停止；修改设定温度指令，用于更改冷藏集装箱的设定温度；故障诊断指令，用于获取指定冷藏集装箱控制器的故障代码，并分析对指定冷藏集装箱进行故障诊断。
S5、监控平台通过互联网发布冷藏集装箱的状态参数，用于经授权的用户查询冷藏集装箱的状态参数。
如图6所示，在本发明的实施例中，支持5种方式进行无线监控的数据采集，除特别说明的指令外，一般采集的数据包括冷藏集装箱的箱号、设定温度、设定湿度、送风温度、回风温度、湿度、USDA传感数据，数据采集好之后传输至监控平台。特别地，由于监控终端采集到的数据包含冷藏集装箱的箱号，所以监控终端与冷藏集装箱不存在耦合关系，即任意一个监控终端可以插入任意一个冷藏集装箱的数据串口中。
方式1：监控终端200移动无线网络(GPRS网络、3G网络、4G网络)连接，通过连接到移动基站400接入互联网将数据传输至数据接收与分发模块301。
方式2：监控终端200采用WIFI网络连接模式，通过连接到无线AP500接入到企业内部局域网将数据传输至数据接收与分发模块301。
方式3：监控终端200采用射频识别网络连接模式(2.4G低功耗RFID数据输出方式)，则可以由工作人员手持带有2.4G读头的手持终端600进行 巡检，在巡检过程中采集数据。2.4G的RFID数据输出距离根据不同的现场环境为10-30米，可以避免工作人员原有巡检需要爬上爬下(冷藏集装箱作业过程中一般堆垛3层)，直接沿箱位过道走一圈即可采集好数据。手持终端600采集好数据后可以通过数据线、移动网络、局域网等方式将数据转入到数据接收与分发模块301。
方式4：监控终端200采用射频识别网络连接模式(2.4G低功耗RFID数据输出方式)，也可以由带有2.4G读头的无人机700进行巡检，在巡检过程中采集数据。2.4G的RFID数据输出距离根据不同的现场环境为10-30米，无人机700沿着箱位过道飞一圈即可采集好数据。无人机700采集好数据后，可以通过数据线、移动网络、局域网等方式将数据转入到数据接收与分发模块301。
方式5：监控终端200采用ZigBee自组网连接模式时，监控终端200视作ZigBee自组网中的终端设备，将采集的数据传至附近的路由节点801，路由节点801根据不同的现场环境数据采集与传递距离为30-70米。各个路由节点依次传递数据至协调者802，由协调者802通过移动网络、局域网等方式将数据传入到数据接收与分发模块301。
如图7所示，当监控终端200采用ZigBee自组网连接模式时，冷藏集装箱10一排一排堆存在箱位上，每排箱位两侧安装有路由节点801，路由节点801采集好数据后，按图示方向进行数据的接力传递，最终传递至协调者802，由协调者802通过移动网络、局域网等方式将数据传入到数据接收与分发模块301。
当数据传输至数据接收与分发模块301后，通过局域网可以向内将接收的数据保存至存储服务器302，通过互联网可以向外进一步分发数据给上级部门或客户，存储服务器302支撑人机交互模块303的运行，箱号与货位一一对应并以可视化的方式显示接收的数据，实现冷藏集装箱的无线监控。由于采集的监控数据包含有箱号，而在货轮的船图或堆场的堆场管理系统中都有集装箱的箱位信息，通过箱号进行关联则可实现箱号与货位的一一对应。工作人员通过人机交互模块303，可以一目了然的看到某个箱位上放置的某个箱号的冷藏集装箱，该项目前的状态是否正常。
当冷藏集装箱10进入下一个运输环节时，工作人员首先拔下监控终端 200，然后拔掉冷藏集装箱10的电源，完成本环节的作业过程。
实施例三
如图8所示，一种冷藏集装箱的有线远程监控系统，包含：本实施中除了设有与实施例二设有相同的功能，连接关系，作用以及原理的数据采集终端200，监控平台300，控制模块202，缓存模块203(Flash闪存)与定位模块204之外，所述的数据采集终端200还设有：集线模块211，其第一端至少与一个冷藏集装箱的数据插口103连接，以采集冷藏集装箱的状态参数，集线模块211为一分为多的Hub设备，形成数据采集终端200与冷藏集装箱的一对多关联；其第二端与所述控制模块202连接；
数据传输模块212，与所述的控制模块202连接，用于向监控平台300发送冷藏集装箱的状态参数、地理位置信息及接收监控平台300发送的控制指令，数据传输模块212是数据采集终端200按照后续向监控平台300发送数据的通信方式进行协议转换，如串口通信转TCP/IP通信，然后通过数据线与监控平台300相连接进行数据交换。
信号放大模块210，设置在所述集线模块211与控制模块202之间，用于将冷藏集装箱的数据串口103反馈的数据进行信号放大，保证数据的完整性与准确性。
在本实施例中，所述的集线模块211与冷藏集装箱的数据串口103之间通过串口数据线连接。
在本实施例中，所述的数据接收与分发模块301与所述数据传输模块212连接，用于接收数据采集终端200发送的冷藏集装箱的状态参数。
结合上述的有线远程监控系统，本发明还公开了一种冷藏集装箱的有线远程监控方法，包含以下步骤：
S1、数据采集终端至少与一个冷藏集装箱连接，以采集冷藏集装箱的状态参数。
当冷藏集装箱在作业过程中进入码头堆场或货轮箱位上时，工作人员首先给冷藏集装箱接入电源，同时将串口数据线接入冷藏集装箱的下载数据的数据串口然后开机运行。数据采集终端根据设定的时间间隔，向连接的冷藏集装箱下发指令，冷藏集装箱收到指令后进行反馈，反馈的数据经数据采集终端的信号放大模块放大后，暂存至缓存模块。
S2、数据采集终端将采集到的状态参数数据传输至监控平台。
S3、监控平台接收数据采集终端采集到的冷藏集装箱的状态参数，并对冷藏集装箱的状态参数进行存储及显示。
S4、通过监控平台向冷藏集装箱发送控制指令，冷藏集装箱执行相应的操作，所述的控制指令包含立即回传指令，用于指定冷藏集装箱立即回传状态参数；间隔回传指令，用于指定冷藏集装箱在预设时间间隔内回传状态参数；开关指令，用于控制冷藏集装箱的压缩机启动或停止；修改设定温度指令，用于更改冷藏集装箱的设定温度；故障诊断指令，用于获取指定冷藏集装箱控制器的故障代码，并分析对指定冷藏集装箱进行故障诊断。
S5、监控平台通过互联网发布冷藏集装箱的状态参数，用于经授权的用户查询冷藏集装箱的状态参数。
当需要主动监控某一冷藏集装箱时，可在人机交互模块上勾选需要监控的冷藏集装箱，由数据接收与分发模块通过数据线发送指令至数据采集终端，数据采集终端根据接收到的指令，通过串口数据线向连接的冷藏集装箱下发指令，收到反馈数据后过滤掉不需要的数据，再通过数据线反馈至数据接收与分发模块，数据接收与分发模块将数据存储至存储服务器中支撑人机交互模块的运行。
监控平台中箱号与箱位一一对应并以可视化的方式显示接收的监控数据，实现冷藏集装箱的远程监控，确保冷藏集装箱正常运行。当监控平台发现某一冷藏集装箱温度异常时，触发应急处置功能，通过短信息、微信等手段，通知相关责任人进行应急处置。
当冷藏集装箱进入下一个运输环节时，工作人员在拔下电源线的同时拔下串口数据线，完成本环节的作业过程。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后，对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此，本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，其特征在于，包含：
    若干个信号机，分别采集对应冷藏集装箱的状态参数；
    手持机，与信号机通信，以接收信号机发送的冷藏集装箱的状态参数进行查看，或者发送控制指令并接收信号机反馈的冷藏集装箱的状态参数进行查看；其中
    每一信号机包含：
    插头，其一端与冷藏集装箱的数据串口接口连接，以采集冷藏集装箱的状态参数；
    系统控制模块，其与所述插头的另一端连接，向所述冷藏集装箱发送采集状态参数的指令，并接收冷藏集装箱反馈的状态参数，以及根据接收到的状态参数来对该信号机的工作进行控制；
    电源模块，用于为信号机提供电能；
    通信模块，通过无线通信连接模式与手持机通信。
  2. 如权利要求1所述一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，其特征在于：
    所述电源模块进一步包含：电池以及电源管理模块；所述电池为所述信号机提供工作电源；
    所述系统控制模块检测所述冷藏集装箱的状态参数含有的工作状态，根据检测的结果所述电源管理模块对该信号机的状态进行切换：
    若检测所述冷藏集装箱处于工作状态，且所述信号机未处于工作状态时，则所述电源管理模块切换所述信号机至工作状态；
    若检测所述冷藏集装箱未处于工作状态时，所述电源管理模块切换所述信号机处于低功耗待机状态；
    若检测所述冷藏集装箱处于工作状态，且所述信号机也处于工作状态时，则所述信号机采集所述冷藏集装箱的状态参数。
  3. 如权利要求1所述一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，其特征在于，
    无线通信连接模式下的所述通信模块，进一步包含天线、无线信号收发模块与调制模块，执行A和/或B的操作；
    A、所述调制模块接收所述系统控制模块输出的状态参数并根据预定的协议调制成无线通信信号，并发送给所述无线信号收发模块；
    所述无线信号收发模块对所述调制成无线通信信号的状态参数进行功率放大和滤波操作并向所述天线输出；
    所述天线接收经滤波放大处理的状态参数，并向外发射；
    B、所述天线接收并输出所述监控平台或手持机发送的控制命令；
    所述无线信号收发模块接收所述天线发送的控制命令进行滤波放大处理并向所述调制模块输出；
    所述调制模块接收并对所述控制命令根据预定的协议进行调制且向所述系统控制模块进行输出；所述系统控制模块接收所述经调制的控制命令并执行。
  4. 如权利要求1所述一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，其特征在于，
    所述信号机进一步设有信号机蜂鸣器，其与所述系统控制模块连接，
    所述系统控制模块若检测到冷藏集装箱的状态参数含有严重故障代码或者温度存在异常，则信号机蜂鸣器长鸣报警；
    或者，所述系统控制模块接收到电源管理模块低电量提示，则信号机蜂鸣器短鸣报警。
  5. 如权利要求4所述一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，其特征在于，
    所述温度存在异常的判断标准是：当设定温度大于等于0度时，回风温度与设定温度的差值的绝对值大于预设值即为温度异常；当设定温度小于0度时，送风温度与设定温度的差值大于预设值即为温度异常。
  6. 如权利要求1所述一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，其特征在于，
    所述手持机包含：
    通信天线，其用于接收与信号机天线发送的频率相匹配的无线通信信号，并向滤波放大模块输出；
    所述滤波放大模块接收所述通信天线输出的无线通信信号，对其中存在的干 扰信号进行过滤，对所需要的无线通信信号进行放大，向所述信号解调模块输出；
    所述信号解调模块接收无线通信信号并根据设定的协议进行数据解析并向系统控制单元输出经数据解析后的无线通信信号；
    所述系统控制单元接收所述经数据解析后的无线通信信号并根据预设的指令集，对所述手持机设有的显示模块，存储模块以及手持机蜂鸣器进行控制；所述显示模块根据所述系统控制单元的指令，将所述状态参数进行格式化处理显示数据；
    所述存储模块存储所述系统控制单元输出的状态参数；
    当所述状态参数含有严重故障代码或存在温度异常时，所述手持机蜂鸣器进行长鸣报警。
  7. 如权利要求1所述一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，其特征在于：
    所述冷藏集装箱的状态参数包含冷藏集装箱的箱号、设定温度、设定湿度、送风温度、回风温度、湿度、USDA传感数据、故障代码之中的任意一项或其任意组合。
  8. 如权利要求1所述一种基于自组网的冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，其特征在于：
    通过多个信号机天线之间建立的天线自组网连接模式，在此模式下，每个信号机天线用于发送所在信号机采集的数据，还用于接收其他一个或多个信号机采集的数据，并转发给天线自组网中发送功率覆盖范围内的任意一个其他信号机天线；经天线自组网将数据向手持机传输。
  9. 一种无线巡检方法，其特征在于，使用权利要求1～8中任意一项所述冷藏集装箱无线巡检系统，所述无线巡检方法包含以下过程：
    若干个信号机分别采集对应冷藏集装箱的状态参数；
    信号机通过天线以射频自组网通信的模式将采集的状态参数向外发射；
    手持机接收信号机采集到的冷藏集装箱的状态参数，并对冷藏集装箱的状态参数进行存储及显示。
  10. 如权利要求9所述一种无线巡检方法，其特征在于，
    所述天线自组网的天线的数据帧包含以下字段：
    SID：发送方自身ID；
    SSN：发送方自身维护的发送帧序列号；
    DID：目标节点ID，作为接收者的ID；
    DSN：该数据帧作为应答帧时设为发送方的SSN，作为主发帧时设为0；
    FID：转发者ID；
    FCNT：转发计数器；由发送方设置的最大转发次数，在转发者转发时将该值减1，该帧为0时不再允许转发该帧；
    Payload：帧有效载荷；
    CRC：数据帧校验值，每次转发时需要重新计算校验值；
    所述天线自组网进一步包含以下过程：
    天线作为发送方发送数据时，
    将天线自身ID填入SID，使SSN自动加1，但不能为0；
    将手持机或监控平台ID填入DID，主发数据时DSN置0，应答数据时将DSN设置为发送方的SSN；
    将FID设为天线自身ID，根据设定的最大转发次数设置FCNT，将需要传输的有效通讯数据填入Payload，将计算出的校验值填入CRC。
  11. 如权利要求10所述一种无线巡检方法，其特征在于，
    天线接收空中数据帧时，
    天线在邻节点表内对周围邻节点ID进行记录更新；
    如果数据帧的DID在其邻节点表内，天线转发该数据帧并将FCNT设为0；数据帧的DID不在邻节点表内，天线转发该数据帧并将FCNT减1。
  12. 如权利要求10所述一种无线巡检方法，其特征在于，
    当天线转发数据帧时，
    天线接收到的数据帧的DID不是该天线自身ID且FCNT不为0时，将FID设为天线自身ID且将FCNT减1后，转发该数据帧，并且只成功转发一次；天线接收的数据帧的FCNT为0时，说明目标节点已经接收到数据帧或已达到最大转发次数，不再转发该数据帧。
  13. 如权利要求10所述一种无线巡检方法，其特征在于，
    通过信号机的无线信号收发模块设有转发记录表，来记录天线转发过的数据帧的SID与SSN；
    同一个SID只记录最近转发的SSN，如果接收到的数据帧在所述转发记录表内，则停止转发该数据帧。
  14. 如权利要求10所述一种无线巡检方法，其特征在于，
    天线在主发或转发数据帧时，要求采用一对一的握手方式侦测自身发出数据帧的完整性，若数据帧空中遭破坏，则数据帧需要经过一个随机延时后再次发送或转发。
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CN110311726A (zh) * 2019-07-23 2019-10-08 南京九度卫星科技研究院有限公司 基于北斗通信的集装箱定位监控终端
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