WO2018000876A1 - 一种鼠笼转子装配结构及方法 - Google Patents

一种鼠笼转子装配结构及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018000876A1
WO2018000876A1 PCT/CN2017/078949 CN2017078949W WO2018000876A1 WO 2018000876 A1 WO2018000876 A1 WO 2018000876A1 CN 2017078949 W CN2017078949 W CN 2017078949W WO 2018000876 A1 WO2018000876 A1 WO 2018000876A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
groove
guide bar
punching
rotor
cage rotor
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PCT/CN2017/078949
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王锡勇
高亮
邱添
张林阳
卢文冠
王剑
高连斌
邓惠斌
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成都中车电机有限公司
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Application filed by 成都中车电机有限公司 filed Critical 成都中车电机有限公司
Publication of WO2018000876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018000876A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/0012—Manufacturing cage rotors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of squirrel cage rotors, in particular to a squirrel cage rotor assembly structure and method applied to an AC traction motor.
  • the squirrel cage rotor is composed of a plurality of guide bars, end rings and rotor punching pieces, and the guide bars penetrate through the rotor punching piece. And embedded in the brazing groove of the end ring, after being fixed by welding, the squirrel cage rotor is formed.
  • the squirrel-cage rotor has a high rotational speed, especially in the case of a rotary motion of 300 rpm to 4000 rpm, the guide bars in the squirrel-cage rotor are easily displaced in the rotor punch. , causing deformation or even cracking of the guide bar.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a squirrel-cage rotor assembly structure and method for the problems existing in the prior art, and effectively prevent the guide bar from being broken during the operation of the squirrel-cage rotor, and prolonging The service life of the squirrel cage rotor.
  • a squirrel-cage rotor assembly structure including an end ring, a guide bar and a rotor punching piece, and a punching groove is formed on the rotor punching piece, and the guiding bar passes through the punching groove
  • a tensioning groove is formed between the punching groove and the guide bar in the same direction as the opening of the punching groove, the bottom of the tensioning groove extends to the guide bar, and the guiding bar passes through the tensioning groove and the rotor
  • the punching pieces are fixedly connected, and the two ends of the bar are respectively fixed to the end ring.
  • the tensioning groove is disposed at a right middle position of the bar.
  • the tension groove has a U-shaped cross section.
  • the tension groove has a groove length of 50 mm to 100 mm.
  • the depth of the tension groove on the guide bar is 3 mm to 3.3 mm.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the punching groove where the guide bar is located is inversely tapered.
  • a squirrel cage rotor assembly method comprising an end ring, a guide bar and a rotor punching piece, forming a punching groove on the rotor punching piece, comprising the following assembly steps:
  • the guide bar is tightened at the position where the tensioning groove is located.
  • the supplemental tightening of the bars is done by manual operation.
  • the guide bar and the end ring are fixedly connected by induction brazing.
  • the beneficial effect of the invention is that the guide bar is snap-fitted to the rotor punching piece by setting the same tensioning groove as the opening direction of the punching groove, and the two ends of the bar are respectively fixedly connected with the end ring.
  • the tensioning groove is used to form a third point constraint between the guide bar and the rotor punching plate, which can limit or reduce the relative displacement of the bar in the radial direction of the rotor punching piece, and can satisfy the free expansion and contraction of the bar in the rotor punching piece.
  • the need of space can effectively prevent the guide bars on the squirrel-cage rotor from being deformed or even cracked due to the relative displacement of the guide bars relative to the rotor punch during the high-speed rotational movement of the motor, greatly reducing the guide bars.
  • the failure rate of cracking has prolonged the service life of the squirrel-cage rotor; in particular, the assembly method of the first tightening bar, the post-fixing connecting bar, and the replenishing bar can also greatly reduce the assembly stress.
  • the guide bar is broken and the failure rate of the guide bar is further reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall structural view of a squirrel-cage rotor assembly structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A in Figure 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional structural view showing the tension groove portion of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2;
  • the squirrel-cage rotor assembly structure shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 includes an end ring 1, a guide bar 2 and a rotor punching piece 3, and a plurality of punching grooves 4 are formed on the rotor punching piece 3, the guide bars 2, through the punching groove 4 through the rotor punching piece 3, between the punching groove 4 and the guide bar 2 to form the same tensioning groove 5 in the direction of opening of the punching groove 4, the bottom of the tensioning groove 5 extends to the guide bar 2 on.
  • the “tightening” involved in the patent is that after the guide bar 2 is inserted into the punching groove 4, the bar 2 is plastically deformed and expanded by applying an external force, and the bar 2 is expanded and expanded.
  • the above-mentioned squirrel cage rotor assembly structure can be completed by the following squirrel cage rotor assembly method, and the specific assembly steps are as follows:
  • the guide bar 2 is inserted into the punching groove 4, the bar 2 is tightened, and a tensioning groove 5 is formed between the punching groove 4 and the bar 2 in the same direction as the opening of the punching groove 4.
  • the bottom of the tensioning groove 5 extends to the guide bar 2, thereby fixing the bar 2 to the rotor punching piece 3 by means of tensioning.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the punching groove in which the guide bar 2 is located is designed to be inverted tapered to ensure sufficient contact between the guide bar 2 and the rotor punching piece 3, and the contact reliability and stability are further improved. High, which is advantageous for enhancing the connection strength between the guide bar 2 and the rotor punching piece 3.
  • the tensioning machine 5 can be directly processed by the tensioner to improve the tightening work efficiency of the guide bar 2.
  • the tensioning groove 5 is processed into a U-shaped tensioning groove having a sectional shape, wherein the groove length L of the tensioning groove 5 is 50mm-100mm, the groove depth H of the tensioning groove 5 is 5.5mm-5.8mm, wherein the portion of the tension groove on the guide bar 2 has a depth of 3mm-3.3mm, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • both ends of each of the bars 2 are welded and fixed to the end rings 1, respectively.
  • the guide bar 2 and the end ring 1 can be fixedly connected by induction brazing. Since the induction brazing is an integral welding, it is possible to ensure that the welding performance of the welded joint portion of each of the bars 2 is exactly the same.
  • each of the bars 2 Since the two ends of each of the bars 2 are respectively welded and fixed to the end ring 1, affected by the high temperature of the welding and the welding stress, in the same bar 2, the two portions of the bar at the two ends of the tensioning groove 5 are along the punching piece.
  • the degree of freedom of expansion and contraction of the groove 4 may be different, so that the contact area between the guide bar 2 and the rotor punching piece 3 is also greatly different, and the two-part guide bar and the end ring 1 located at both ends of the tensioning groove 5
  • the welding performance of the welded joint portion also has a large difference, which is disadvantageous for preventing deformation or even cracking of the guide bar 2 during the high-speed rotational movement of the motor.
  • the guide bars 2 can be tightened first in the middle of the rotor so that the tensioning grooves 5 are located at the center of the bars 2. Therefore, when the welding operation is performed between the guide bar 2 and the end ring 1, the lengths of the two portions of the guide bars located at both ends of the tensioning groove 5 are substantially the same, and the difference in the assembly stress generated during the welding is also small; After the welding of the bar 2 and the end ring 1 is completed, the welding residue of the welded joint portion of the end of the same bar 2 and the end ring 1 The stress (assembly stress) is also substantially uniform, so that the welding reliability between the guide bar 2 and the end ring 1 can be ensured, and the failure rate of the crack of the guide bar 2 is further reduced.
  • the contact area between the guide bar 2 and the rotor punching piece 3 may change due to the high temperature and welding stress of the guide bar 2 after welding.
  • the bar 2 can be carried out at the location of the tensioning groove 5. Complement the tightening operation.
  • the supplementary tightening operation here is completed by manual operation. Specifically, the punch is hit by the worker with a hammer and the punch is applied to the guide bar 2 to perform the supplementary tightening operation on the guide bar 2.
  • the manual supplemental tightening operation is based on the fact that the guide bar 2 has no looseness.
  • the reason why the artificial tightening is used here instead of using the tensioner to supplement the tightening is because after the squirrel cage rotor is welded and formed, if the tensioner is used for the supplementary tightening, the assembly stress of the guide bar 2 will not be increased. Moreover, improper operation of the tensioner can also increase the risk of cracking of the guide bar 2.
  • the use of manual replenishment tightening is more convenient for control and operation than the use of a tensioner to supplement the tension, and also ensures the assembly contact area of the bar 2 after welding with the rotor punch 3.
  • a third point constraint is formed between the guide bar 2 and the rotor punching piece 3 due to the tensioning groove 5, and the guide bar 2 is restricted or reduced in the radial direction of the rotor punching piece 3.
  • the relative displacement of the guide bar 2 and the end ring 1 can also meet the need of the free expansion and contraction space of the guide bar 2 in the rotor punching piece 3, and reduce the welded joint of the two ends of the guide bar 2 and the end ring 1 Welding residual stress at the part.
  • the guide bar 2 therein has sufficient joint strength and contact reliability, and can effectively prevent deformation or even cracking of the guide bar 2 during high-speed rotational movement of the motor, greatly reducing the guide.
  • the failure rate of the cracking of the strip extends the service life of the squirrel cage rotor.
  • the rotor punching piece 3 can be made of silicon steel sheet, and the bar 2 can be made of CuCr alloy bar to facilitate the tightening operation of the bar 2 and the rotor punching piece 3, and the contact with each other is reliable after being tightened.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Induction Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Abstract

一种鼠笼转子装配结构及方法，鼠笼转子装配结构包括端环（1）、导条（2）和转子冲片（3），在转子冲片（3）上形成冲片槽（4），导条（2）通过冲片槽（4）贯穿转子冲片（3），冲片槽（4）与导条（2）之间形成与冲片槽（4）开口方向相同的涨紧槽（5），涨紧槽（5）底部延伸至导条（2）上，导条（2）通过涨紧槽（5）与转子冲片（3）之间卡接固定，且导条（2）两端分别与端环（1）连接固定。在进行鼠笼转子装配时，先将导条（2）涨紧固定在转子冲片（3）上，然后将导条（2）两端分别与端环（1）连接固定。利用涨紧槽（5）使得导条（2）与转子冲片（3）之间形成第三点约束，可以有效地防止鼠笼转子上的导条（2）在电机高速旋转运动过程中发生变形甚至裂损，降低了导条（2）的裂损故障率，延长了鼠笼转子的使用寿命。

Description

一种鼠笼转子装配结构及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及鼠笼转子技术领域，尤其是涉及应用于交流牵引电机上的一种鼠笼转子装配结构及方法。
背景技术
目前应用于较大功率(3000马力以上)交流内燃机车上的交流牵引电机，其中的鼠笼转子是由多根导条、端环、转子冲片组成，所述的导条贯穿过转子冲片，并嵌入端环的钎焊槽内，通过焊接固定后，即形成鼠笼转子。在电机运行过程中，其中的鼠笼转子的转速较高，尤其是在300转/分钟到4000转/分钟的旋转动作情况下，鼠笼转子中的导条容易在转子冲片中发生相对位移，从而造成导条的变形甚至裂损。如果鼠笼转子发生导条变形，将降低鼠笼转子的使用寿命和电机的工作可靠性；而一旦鼠笼转子发生导条裂损故障，将直接导致电机运行故障，严重影响了电机的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：针对现有技术存在的问题，提供一种鼠笼转子装配结构及方法，有效地防止其中的导条在鼠笼转子运行过程中发生导条裂损故障，延长鼠笼转子的使用寿命。
本发明要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现：一种鼠笼转子装配结构，包括端环、导条和转子冲片，在转子冲片上形成冲片槽，所述导条通过冲片槽贯穿转子冲片，所述冲片槽与导条之间形成与冲片槽开口方向相同的涨紧槽，所述涨紧槽底部延伸至导条上，所述导条通过涨紧槽与转子冲片之间卡接固定，且导条两端分别与端环连接固定。
优选地，所述的涨紧槽设置在导条的正中间位置。
优选地，所述涨紧槽的截面形状为U形。
优选地，所述的涨紧槽的槽长度为50mm-100mm。
优选地，所述的涨紧槽中，位于导条上的涨紧槽深度为3mm-3.3mm。
优选地，所述的冲片槽中，所述导条所在的冲片槽的截面形状呈倒锥形。
一种鼠笼转子装配方法，所述鼠笼转子包括端环、导条和转子冲片，在转子冲片上形成冲片槽，包括如下装配步骤：
首先，在冲片槽中插接入导条，将导条通过涨紧方式固定在转子冲片上，在冲片槽与导条之间形成与冲片槽开口方向相同的涨紧槽，所述涨紧槽底部延伸至导条上；
然后，将所述导条的两端分别与端环连接固定。
优选地，所述导条两端分别与端环连接固定后，在涨紧槽所在部位对导条补充涨紧。
优选地，所述导条的补充涨紧是通过人工作业方式完成。
优选地，所述导条与端环之间是通过感应钎焊固定连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：通过设置与冲片槽开口方向相同的涨紧槽来将导条卡接固定在转子冲片上，导条两端分别与端环连接固定，利用该涨紧槽使得导条与转子冲片之间形成第三点约束，既能限制或者减少导条在转子冲片径向上的相对位移，又能满足导条在转子冲片中的自由伸缩空间的需要，从而可以有效地防止鼠笼转子上的导条在电机高速旋转运动过程中因导条相对于转子冲片产生相对位移而造成导条的变形甚至裂损，极大地降低了导条发生裂损的故障率，延长了鼠笼转子的使用寿命；尤其是，通过先涨紧导条、后固定连接导条、再补涨导条的装配方法，还可以大大减少装配应力所导致的导条裂损故障，进一步降低导条发生裂损的故障率。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种鼠笼转子装配结构的整体构造图。
图2为图1中A处的局部放大图。
图3为图1或者图2中的涨紧槽部的剖面结构图。
图中标记：1-端环，2-导条，3-转子冲片，4-冲片槽，5-涨紧槽。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1、图2、图3所示的鼠笼转子装配结构，包括端环1、导条2和转子冲片3，在转子冲片3上形成若干条冲片槽4，所述导条2通过冲片槽4贯穿转子冲片3，在冲片槽4与导条2之间形成与冲片槽4开口方向相同的涨紧槽5，所述涨紧槽5底部延伸至导条2上。需要说明的是，本专利中所涉及的“涨紧”，是指导条2在插接入冲片槽4中之后，通过施加外力使导条2产生塑性变形膨胀，导条2在膨胀扩展后，即可实现与转子冲片3之间的充分接触。因此，在对导条2进行涨紧后，即在冲片槽4与 导条2之间形成了与冲片槽4开口方向相同的涨紧槽5，通过涨紧槽5可以约束导条2在冲片槽4中的自由运动，也即，利用该涨紧槽5使得导条2与转子冲片3之间形成第三点约束。因此，所述的导条2通过涨紧槽5与转子冲片3之间卡接固定，而导条2两端则分别与端环1焊接固定。
上述的鼠笼转子装配结构，可以采用如下的鼠笼转子装配方法完成，其具体的装配步骤如下：
首先，将导条2插接入冲片槽4中，对导条2进行涨紧操作，并在冲片槽4与导条2之间形成与冲片槽4开口方向相同的涨紧槽5，所述涨紧槽5底部延伸至导条2上，从而将导条2通过涨紧方式固定在转子冲片3上。在冲片槽4中，所述导条2所在的冲片槽的截面形状设计成倒锥形，以保证导条2与转子冲片3之间的充分接触，且接触可靠性、稳定性更高，有利于增强导条2与转子冲片3之间的连接强度。
考虑到导条2数量较多，且每一根导条2都需要进行相应的涨紧操作，因此，可以采用涨紧机直接加工出涨紧槽5，以提高导条2的涨紧工作效率。为了保证每一根导条2与转子冲片3之间的装配接触面积，所述的涨紧槽5加工成截面形状是U形的涨紧槽，其中，涨紧槽5的槽长度L为50mm-100mm，涨紧槽5的槽深度H为5.5mm-5.8mm，其中，位于导条2上的那部分涨紧槽的深度为3mm-3.3mm，如图2、图3所示。
然后，将每一根导条2的两端分别与端环1焊接固定。为了避免导条2在焊接固定后因焊接接头部位的焊接性能不一致而导致的导条裂损故障，所述的导条2与端环1之间可以通过感应钎焊固定连接。由于感应钎焊是整体焊接，从而可以很好地保证每一根导条2的焊接接头部位的焊接性能完全一样。在导条2与端环1焊接固定后，即形成鼠笼转子。
由于每一根导条2的两端分别与端环1焊接固定，受焊接高温、焊接应力的影响，在同一根导条2中，位于涨紧槽5两端的两部分导条沿着冲片槽4的伸缩自由度可能产生差异，从而使导条2与转子冲片3之间的接触面积也随之产生较大差异，并且，位于涨紧槽5两端的两部分导条与端环1的焊接接头部位的焊接性能也产生较大差异，这不利于防止导条2在电机高速旋转运动过程中发生变形甚至裂损。为此，在对每一根导条2进行涨紧操作时，可以在转子中部先涨紧导条2，以使得涨紧槽5位于导条2的正中间位置。因此，当导条2与端环1之间进行焊接操作时，位于涨紧槽5两端的两部分导条的长度基本一致，其在焊接时所产生的装配应力的差异也很小；同时，在导条2与端环1焊接完成后，同一根导条2两端与端环1的焊接接头部位的焊接残余 应力(装配应力)也基本一致，从而可以保证导条2与端环1之间的焊接可靠性，进一步降低了导条2发生裂损的故障率。
在鼠笼转子焊接成型后，由于其中的导条2在焊接后受焊接高温、焊接应力的影响，使导条2与转子冲片3之间的接触面积有可能发生变化。为了确保导条2在焊接后仍保持与转子冲片3之间的装配接触面积，在导条2两端分别与端环1焊接固定后，可以在涨紧槽5所在部位对导条2进行补充涨紧操作。此处的补充涨紧操作通过人工作业方式完成，具体地，是由工人手持榔头敲打其手中的冲具，利用冲具作用于导条2，以对导条2进行补充涨紧操作。所述的人工补充涨紧操作以导条2无松动现象为判断标准。这里之所以采用人工补充涨紧，而不采用涨紧机进行补充涨紧，是因为在鼠笼转子焊接成型后，如果采用涨紧机进行补充涨紧，不仅会增加导条2的装配应力，而且，涨紧机的操作不当还会加剧导条2的裂损风险。采用人工补充涨紧比采用涨紧机补充涨紧更加方便控制和操作，而且，也能确保导条2在焊接后与转子冲片3之间的装配接触面积。
鼠笼转子采用上述的装配结构和装配方法后，由于涨紧槽5使得导条2与转子冲片3之间形成了第三点约束，限制或者减少了导条2在转子冲片3径向上的相对位移，在对导条2与端环1进行焊接操作时，还能满足导条2在转子冲片3中的自由伸缩空间的需要，减少导条2两端与端环1的焊接接头部位的焊接残余应力。因此，在鼠笼转子装配成型后，其中的导条2具有足够的连接强度和接触可靠性，可以有效地防止导条2在电机高速旋转运动过程中发生变形甚至裂损，极大地降低了导条发生裂损的故障率，延长了鼠笼转子的使用寿命。其中，所述的转子冲片3可以采用硅钢片制成，导条2可以采用CuCr合金导条，以方便导条2与转子冲片3的涨紧操作，且涨紧后相互接触可靠。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，应当指出的是，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种鼠笼转子装配结构，包括端环(1)、导条(2)和转子冲片(3)，在转子冲片(3)上形成冲片槽(4)，所述导条(2)通过冲片槽(4)贯穿转子冲片(3)，其特征在于：所述冲片槽(4)与导条(2)之间形成与冲片槽(4)开口方向相同的涨紧槽(5)，所述涨紧槽(5)底部延伸至导条(2)上，所述导条(2)通过涨紧槽(5)与转子冲片(3)之间卡接固定，且导条(2)两端分别与端环(1)连接固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种鼠笼转子装配结构，其特征在于：所述的涨紧槽(5)设置在导条(2)的正中间位置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或者2所述的一种鼠笼转子装配结构，其特征在于：所述涨紧槽(5)的截面形状为U形。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种鼠笼转子装配结构，其特征在于：所述的涨紧槽(5)的槽长度为50mm-100mm。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种鼠笼转子装配结构，其特征在于：所述的涨紧槽(5)中，位于导条(2)上的涨紧槽深度为3mm-3.3mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1或者2所述的一种鼠笼转子装配结构，其特征在于：所述的冲片槽(4)中，所述导条(2)所在的冲片槽的截面形状呈倒锥形。
  7. 一种鼠笼转子装配方法，所述鼠笼转子包括端环(1)、导条(2)和转子冲片(3)，在转子冲片(3)上形成冲片槽(4)，其特征在于：包括如下装配步骤：
    首先，在冲片槽(4)中插接入导条(2)，将导条(2)通过涨紧方式固定在转子冲片(3)上，在冲片槽(4)与导条(2)之间形成与冲片槽(4)开口方向相同的涨紧槽(5)，所述涨紧槽(5)底部延伸至导条(2)上；
    然后，将所述导条(2)的两端分别与端环(1)连接固定。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种鼠笼转子装配方法，其特征在于：所述导条(2)两端分别与端环(1)连接固定后，在涨紧槽(5)所在部位对导条(2)补充涨紧。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种鼠笼转子装配方法，其特征在于：所述导条(2)的补充涨紧是通过人工作业方式完成。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的一种鼠笼转子装配方法，其特征在于：所述导条(2)与端环(1)之间是通过感应钎焊固定连接。
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