WO2017215192A1 - 一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法 - Google Patents

一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法 Download PDF

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WO2017215192A1
WO2017215192A1 PCT/CN2016/106343 CN2016106343W WO2017215192A1 WO 2017215192 A1 WO2017215192 A1 WO 2017215192A1 CN 2016106343 W CN2016106343 W CN 2016106343W WO 2017215192 A1 WO2017215192 A1 WO 2017215192A1
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filling
hydraulic support
coal mining
evaluation
index
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张强
张吉雄
邰阳
闫浩
乔明
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/14Telescopic props
    • E21D15/44Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props

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  • the invention relates to a solid filling coal mining evaluation system and method, in particular to a filling coal mining hydraulic support filling characteristic evaluation method.
  • the comprehensive mechanized solid-filled coal mining technology is a green mining technology that uses solid recovery equipment to compact solid waste (such as vermiculite, fly ash, loess, aeolian sand and construction waste) into the goaf of coal mining face.
  • solid waste such as vermiculite, fly ash, loess, aeolian sand and construction waste
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simple, scientific and comprehensive evaluation system and method for filling characteristics of coal mining hydraulic support for the above technical problems.
  • the present invention is specifically implemented according to the following steps: A. analyzing geological data and geological conditions; B, selecting a hydraulic support frame type; C, determining a preliminary selection plan of the foundation; D, determining a filling characteristic evaluation of the hydraulic support of the filled coal mining Index; E. Use Pro/E, Solidworks or CATIA 3D software to build the skeleton model, and perform motion simulation to obtain the filling characteristic evaluation matrix; F, multi-index comprehensive evaluation, determine the optimal scheme.
  • geological conditions including coal seam thickness, dip angle and roof conditions.
  • the preliminary selection hydraulic support frame type of the step B determines the hydraulic support frame type according to the geological conditions of the A step and the relevant standards and specifications, wherein the frame type of the solid-filled coal mining hydraulic support comprises: six-column four-link filling Coal hydraulic support, six-column inverted four-link filling coal mining hydraulic support, four-column four-link filling coal mining hydraulic support, four-column reverse four-link filling coal mining hydraulic support.
  • the primary selection scheme of the determination of the C step adopts the control variable method, and the primary selection scheme is obtained by changing the length of the four links of the hydraulic support for filling the coal, the length of the front and rear top beams, the hinge position of the tamping mechanism, and the hinge position of the front and rear beams. P i .
  • the step D determines the filling characteristic evaluation index of the filling coal mining hydraulic support, and the evaluation indexes of the filling coal mining hydraulic support include: the supporting strength in the supporting characteristic, the front top beam supporting strength, the rear roof beam supporting strength, and the structural characteristics.
  • the E step is performed as follows:
  • the filling characteristic evaluation matrix A is formed by using the evaluation index value in the step b).
  • step F comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators is performed, and the optimal solution is determined as follows:
  • the filling characteristics index matrix A is standardized.
  • the normalized matrix is
  • the weight of the filling characteristic index determined should maximize the information entropy, namely:
  • is the balance coefficient, and the value can be determined according to the specific situation;
  • the Lagrange function is constructed, namely:
  • M the number of filling characteristic indexes participating in the evaluation; n-the number of schemes participating in the evaluation; i, j-counting symbol in the calculation process; ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n - the weight corresponding to the 1st to nth indicators; ⁇ -optimal weight Coefficient; ⁇ -equilibrium coefficient; ⁇ i - comprehensive evaluation value of the i-th design.
  • the filling coal mining hydraulic support is one of the important equipments for solid filling coal mining, and its filling characteristics are important factors to ensure the solid filling effect.
  • the invention realizes the design scheme of filling coal mining hydraulic support based on the connotation of filling characteristics of filling coal mining hydraulic support, comprehensively using three-dimensional solid modeling, dynamic simulation, multi-index evaluation index matrix construction and multi-index comprehensive evaluation research method.
  • the evaluation of the merits and inferiority established a filling evaluation system for the solid-filled coal mining hydraulic support. It provides a scientific and reasonable evaluation system for scientific research workers, engineers and other relevant personnel engaged in the optimization of hydraulic support for filling coal mining, as well as a specific, scientific, easy, comprehensive and simple support optimization method, which greatly reduces the design and development time. .
  • the invention is specifically implemented according to the following steps: A, analyzing geological data and geological conditions; B, preliminary selection of hydraulic support frame type; C, determining the preliminary selection plan of the foundation; D, determining the evaluation index of the filling characteristics of the filled coal mining hydraulic support;
  • the skeleton model is constructed by using Pro/E, Solidworks or CATIA three-dimensional software, and the motion simulation matrix is obtained by motion simulation; E, multi-index comprehensive evaluation, and the optimal scheme is determined.
  • geological conditions including coal seam thickness, dip angle and roof conditions.
  • the preliminary selection hydraulic support frame type of the step B determines the hydraulic support frame type according to the geological conditions of the A step and the relevant standards and specifications, wherein the frame type of the solid-filled coal mining hydraulic support comprises: six-column four-link filling Coal hydraulic support, six-column inverted four-link filling coal mining hydraulic support, four-column four-link filling coal mining hydraulic support, four-column reverse four-link filling coal mining hydraulic support.
  • the primary selection scheme of the determination of the C step adopts the control variable method, and the primary selection scheme is obtained by changing the length of the four links of the hydraulic support for filling the coal, the length of the front and rear top beams, the hinge position of the tamping mechanism, and the hinge position of the front and rear beams. P i .
  • the step D determines the filling characteristic evaluation index of the filling coal mining hydraulic support, and the evaluation indexes of the filling coal mining hydraulic support include: the supporting strength in the supporting characteristic, the front top beam supporting strength, the rear roof beam supporting strength, and the structural characteristics.
  • the E step is performed as follows:
  • the filling characteristic evaluation matrix A is formed by using the evaluation index value in the step b).
  • step F comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators is performed, and the optimal solution is determined as follows:
  • the filling characteristics index matrix A is standardized.
  • the weight of the filling characteristic index determined should maximize the information entropy, namely:
  • is the balance coefficient, and the value can be determined according to the specific situation;
  • the Lagrange function is constructed, namely:
  • M the number of filling characteristic indexes participating in the evaluation; n-the number of schemes participating in the evaluation; i, j-counting symbol in the calculation process; ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n - the weight corresponding to the 1st to nth indicators; ⁇ -optimal weight Coefficient; ⁇ -equilibrium coefficient; ⁇ i - comprehensive evaluation value of the i-th design.
  • Embodiment 1 A hydraulic support evaluation system for filling coal mining is carried out according to the following steps: A. analyzing geological data; B, selecting a hydraulic support frame type; C, determining a preliminary primary selection plan; D, determining filling coal mining Hydraulic support filling characteristics evaluation index; E, using Pro/E, Solidworks or CATIA and other three-dimensional software to build the skeleton model, and exercise simulation to obtain the filling characteristics evaluation matrix; F, multi-index comprehensive evaluation, determine the optimal solution.
  • Step A Analysis of geological data
  • the 7203W working face of Yuzhen Mine has a vertical depth of 517.1 ⁇ 565.8m, corresponding to the ground elevation +177.1 ⁇ +181.2m, the underground elevation is -340.0 ⁇ -384.6m, the average strike length is 286m; the average slope length is 92.8m, and the working face coal seam thickness is 2.7. m, the average inclination of the coal seam is 10.5°, and the recoverable reserves are 94,000 tons.
  • Step B Primary selection hydraulic bracket type
  • the ZC5200/14.5/30 six-column four-link hydraulic filling hydraulic support is used.
  • the basic parameters are shown in Table 1.
  • Step C Determine the basic primary selection plan
  • the three key structures including the four-bar linkage mechanism, the top beam length ratio and the compaction mechanism are optimized, and 11 design schemes including the reference scheme and each are obtained.
  • Program specific The optimization data is shown in Table 2, and then the skeleton model of the corresponding size bracket is constructed by the Pro/E software design bracket part.
  • Step D Determining the evaluation index of the filling characteristics of the coal mining hydraulic support
  • the evaluation indexes of the hydraulic support for filling coal mining include: support strength in the supporting characteristics, the strength of the front sill support, the strength of the rear sill support, etc., the four-bar linkage force characteristics in the structural characteristics, the top beam offset distance, The stress characteristics of the column, etc., the tamping angle, the blanking gap distance, the blanking center distance, the tamping distance from the top, and the solid top distance.
  • Step E Construct a skeleton model using three-dimensional software such as Pro/E, Solidworks or CATIA, and perform motion simulation to obtain a filling characteristic evaluation matrix.
  • step C construct a skeleton model using three-dimensional software such as Pro/E, Solidworks or CATIA;
  • the filling characteristic evaluation matrix A is formed by using the evaluation index value in the step b).
  • Step F comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators, determine the optimal plan
  • the filling characteristics index matrix A is standardized.
  • the weight of the filling characteristic index determined should maximize the information entropy, namely:
  • the optimal weight coefficient ⁇ [0.004 0.333 0.016 0.364 0.057 0.194 0.028]

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法,按照如下步骤实现:A、分析地质资料及地质条件;B、初选液压支架架型;C、确定基础的初选方案;D、确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标;E、利用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA三维软件构建骨架模型,并进行运动仿真得到充填特性评价矩阵;F、多指标综合评价,确定最优方案。充填采煤液压支架是固体充填采煤重要设备之一,利用计算机技术通过控制变量法确定优化初始方案,并采用层次分析法确定其最优方案,是一种科学合理的评价体系,并提供了具体、易行、全面、简单的支架优化方法,大大降低设计和研发时间。

Description

一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种固体充填采煤评价体系及方法,特别是一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法。
背景技术
综合机械化固体充填采煤技术,是利用充填综采设备把固体废弃物(矸石、粉煤灰、黄土、风积沙及建筑垃圾等)密实充入采煤工作面采空区的绿色开采技术。充填采煤液压支架作为该技术的核心设备,不仅支护顶板,推移工作面输送机和采煤机,还担负采空区充填、协助物料运输及夯实的任务,其性能的可靠性是致密充填的关键。
传统充填采煤液压支架设计与研发是以物理样机为基础,不仅投入巨大的人力物力资源,还将浪费大量时间,使得设计部门在激烈的市场竞争中处于劣势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述技术问题,提供一种简单、科学、全面的充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价体系与方法。
为达到上述目的本发明具体按照如下步骤实现:A、分析地质资料及地质条件;B、初选液压支架架型;C、确定基础的初选方案;D、确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标;E、利用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA三维软件构建骨架模型,并进行运动仿真得到充填特性评价矩阵;F、多指标综合评价,确定最优方案。
所述A步骤的分析地质资料及地质条件,其中地质条件包括煤层厚度、倾角和顶板条件。
所述B步骤的初选液压支架架型,根据A步骤的地质条件结合相关标准和规范要求,确定液压支架架型,其中固体充填采煤液压支架的架型包括:六柱正四连杆充填采煤液压支架、六柱反四连杆充填采煤液压支架、四柱正四连杆充填采煤液压支架、四柱反四连杆充填采煤液压支架。
所述C步骤的确定基础的初选方案,采用控制变量法,通过改变充填采煤液压支架的四连杆长度、前后顶梁长度、夯实机构铰接位置、前后顶梁铰接位置等得到初选方案Pi
所述D步骤确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标,充填采煤液压支架评价指标包括:支护特性中的支护强度、前顶梁支护强度、后顶梁支护强度,结构特性中的四连杆受力特性、顶梁偏移距、立柱受力特性等,夯实特性中的夯实角度、落料间隙距、落料中心距、夯实离顶距、夯实空顶距。
所述E步骤按照如下步骤执行:
a)根据步骤C确定的初选方案,采用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA三维软件构建骨架模型;
b)利用上述软件的运动仿真模块,布置测点分别监测D步骤的充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标,获得具体评价指标值;
c)利用b)步骤中评价指标值形成充填特性评价矩阵A。
所述的步骤F中多指标综合评价,确定最优方案按照如下步骤执行:
a)为避免由于各充填特性指标的质各不相同,所表达含义及量纲无法直接进行比较,为 避免量纲间的差异给评价带来影响,对充填特性指标评价矩阵A进行规范化处理,记规范化后的矩阵为
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000001
b)根据工程实践经验,设定方案Pi对应的权重约束范围:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000002
c)构建单目标优化模型进行指标权重优化具体模型如下:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000003
利用MATLAB或者LINGO编写多目标求解程序,得到方案Pi对应的最优指标权重:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000004
d)计算优化权重的偏离度为:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000005
为了使指标权重最接近于真实权重,则应使偏差尽可能小,建立如下规划模型:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000006
e)为了消除充填特性指标权重的不确定性,根据极大熵原理,确定的充填特性指标权重应使信息熵取最大值,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000007
f)为了同时达到方案综合评价值偏离度最小和指标权重不确定性最小的目的,联立式(5)和式(6),得:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000008
g)将上述多目标优化问题,可以转化为单目标优化问题,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000009
式中ε为平衡系数,其值的确定可根据具体情况给定;为求解该优化模型,构造Lagrange函数,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000010
根据该方程存在极值的必要条件,可得:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000012
令:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000013
代入充填特性指标评价矩阵A及ω=[ω(1) ω(2) … ω(m)]T,得到sj,tj
将sj,tj代入(10),(11)形成一个非线性方程组,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000014
若取ε=0.5,也即得到:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000015
方程组(14)由m+1个方程组成,共有m+1个变量,即ωj(j=1,2,…,n)和k;通 过Matlab编写牛顿迭代法求解该方程组,从而得到设计方案技术指标评价的最优权重系数;
即得最优权重系数ω;
然后根据各方案的综合评价值为:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000016
将求解得到的最优权重系数ω代入式(15),可得到各设计方案的综合评价值vi
按照大小排列vi,vi值越大方案越优,vi最大值对应的方案即为m个方案中最优的充填采煤液压支架优化设计方案。
上述技术方案中各参数具体定义如下:
m-参与评价的充填特性指标数;n-参与评价的方案数;i,j-计算过程中的计数符号;ω1~ωn-第1~n个指标对应的权重;ω-最优权重系数;ε-平衡系数;νi-第i个设计方案的综合评价值。
有益效果,由于采用了上述方案,充填采煤液压支架是固体充填采煤重要设备之一,其充填特性是保证固体充填效果的重要因素。本发明在建立充填采煤液压支架的充填特性内涵基础上,综合运用三维实体建模、动态仿真、多指标评价指标矩阵构建以及多指标综合评价的研究方法,实现了充填采煤液压支架设计方案的优劣性评价,建立了一种固体充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价体系。为广大从事充填采煤液压支架优化的科研工作者、工程师等相关人员提供了一种科学合理的评价体系,以及具体、科学、易行、全面、简单的支架优化方法,大大降低设计和研发时间。
具体实施方式
本发明具体按照如下步骤实现:A、分析地质资料及地质条件;B、初选液压支架架型;C、确定基础的初选方案;D、确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标;E、利用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA三维软件构建骨架模型,并进行运动仿真得到充填特性评价矩阵;E、多指标综合评价,确定最优方案。
所述A步骤的分析地质资料及地质条件,其中地质条件包括煤层厚度、倾角和顶板条件。
所述B步骤的初选液压支架架型,根据A步骤的地质条件结合相关标准和规范要求,确定液压支架架型,其中固体充填采煤液压支架的架型包括:六柱正四连杆充填采煤液压支架、六柱反四连杆充填采煤液压支架、四柱正四连杆充填采煤液压支架、四柱反四连杆充填采煤液压支架。
所述C步骤的确定基础的初选方案,采用控制变量法,通过改变充填采煤液压支架的四连杆长度、前后顶梁长度、夯实机构铰接位置、前后顶梁铰接位置等得到初选方案Pi
所述D步骤确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标,充填采煤液压支架评价指标包括:支护特性中的支护强度、前顶梁支护强度、后顶梁支护强度,结构特性中的四连杆受力特性、顶梁偏移距、立柱受力特性等,夯实特性中的夯实角度、落料间隙距、落料中心距、夯实离顶距、夯实空顶距。
所述E步骤按照如下步骤执行:
a)根据步骤C确定的初选方案,采用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA三维软件构建骨架模型;
b)利用上述软件的运动仿真模块,布置测点分别监测D步骤的充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标,获得具体评价指标值;
c)利用b)步骤中评价指标值形成充填特性评价矩阵A。
所述的步骤F中多指标综合评价,确定最优方案按照如下步骤执行:
a)为避免由于各充填特性指标的质各不相同,所表达含义及量纲无法直接进行比较,为避免量纲间的差异给评价带来影响,对充填特性指标评价矩阵A进行规范化处理,记规范化后的矩阵为R=[rij]m×n
b)根据工程实践经验,设定方案Pi对应的权重约束范围:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000017
c)构建单目标优化模型进行指标权重优化具体模型如下:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000018
利用MATLAB或者LINGO编写多目标求解程序,得到方案Pi对应的最优指标权重:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000019
d)计算优化权重的偏离度为:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000020
为了使指标权重最接近于真实权重,则应使偏差尽可能小,建立如下规划模型:
e)为了消除充填特性指标权重的不确定性,根据极大熵原理,确定的充填特性指标权重应使信息熵取最大值,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000022
f)为了同时达到方案综合评价值偏离度最小和指标权重不确定性最小的目的,联立式(5)和式(6),得:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000023
g)将上述多目标优化问题,可以转化为单目标优化问题,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000024
式中ε为平衡系数,其值的确定可根据具体情况给定;为求解该优化模型,构造Lagrange函数,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000025
根据该方程存在极值的必要条件,可得:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000027
令:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000028
代入充填特性指标评价矩阵A及ω=[ω(1) ω(2) … ω(m)]T,得到sj,tj
将sj,tj代入(10),(11)形成一个非线性方程组,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000029
若取ε=0.5,也即得到:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000030
方程组(14)由m+1个方程组成,共有m+1个变量,即ωj(j=1,2,…,n)和k;通过Matlab编写牛顿迭代法求解该方程组,从而得到设计方案技术指标评价的最优权重系数;
即得最优权重系数ω;
然后根据各方案的综合评价值为:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000031
将求解得到的最优权重系数ω代入式(15),可得到各设计方案的综合评价值vi
按照大小排列vi,vi值越大方案越优,vi最大值对应的方案即为m个方案中最优的充填采煤液压支架优化设计方案。
上述技术方案中各参数具体定义如下:
m-参与评价的充填特性指标数;n-参与评价的方案数;i,j-计算过程中的计数符号;ω1~ωn-第1~n个指标对应的权重;ω-最优权重系数;ε-平衡系数;νi-第i个设计方案的综合评价值。
下面对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述。
实施例1:一种充填采煤液压支架评价体系,具体按如下步骤执行:A、分析地质资料;B、初选液压支架架型;C、确定基础的初选方案;D、确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标;E、利用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA等三维软件构建骨架模型,并进行运动仿真得到充填特性评价矩阵;F、多指标综合评价,确定最优方案。
1、步骤A:分析地质资料
翟镇矿7203W工作面,垂深为517.1~565.8m,对应地面标高+177.1~+181.2m,井下标高-340.0~-384.6m,平均走向长286m;平均倾斜长92.8m,工作面煤层厚度2.7m,煤层平均倾角10.5°,可采储量9.4万t。
2、步骤B:初选液压支架架型
根据以上地质条件确定采用ZC5200/14.5/30型六柱正四连杆充填采煤液压支架,其基本参数见表1。
表1ZC5200/14.5/30型充填采煤液压支架参数表
Table 1Parameters of ZC5200/14.5/30backfill support
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000032
3、步骤C:确定基础的初选方案
为使支架的充填特性达到最优状态,结合实际支架型号,通过对四连杆机构、顶梁长度比、夯实机构三个关键结构进行优化,获得包括基准方案在内的11种设计方案及各方案具体 优化数据见表2,然后通过Pro/E软件设计支架零件构建对应尺寸支架的骨架模型。
表2结构与尺寸优化方案设计表
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000033
4、步骤D:确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标
充填采煤液压支架评价指标包括:支护特性中的支护强度、前顶梁支护强度、后顶梁支护强度等,结构特性中的四连杆受力特性、顶梁偏移距、立柱受力特性等,夯实特性中的夯实角度、落料间隙距、落料中心距、夯实离顶距、夯实空顶距等。
5、步骤E:采用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA等三维软件构建骨架模型,并进行运动仿真得到充填特性评价矩阵
a)根据步骤C确定的初选方案,采用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA等三维软件构建骨架模型;
b)利用上述软件的运动仿真模块,布置测点分别监测D步骤的充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标,获得具体评价指标值,充填运转特性指标数据汇总见表3
表3各方案监测指标汇总表(支护高度2500mm)
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000034
c)利用b)步骤中评价指标值形成充填特性评价矩阵A。
选取顶梁偏移距、顶梁长度比等7个参与评价的充填运转特性指标和11个设计方案,构成所有充填运转特性指标值矩阵A=[aij]11×7如下:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000035
6、步骤F、多指标综合评价,确定最优方案
a)为避免由于各充填特性指标的质各不相同,所表达含义及量纲无法直接进行比较,为避免量纲间的差异给评价带来影响,对充填特性指标评价矩阵A进行规范化处理,记规范化后的矩阵为R=[rij]m×n
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000036
b)根据工程实践经验,设定方案Pi对应的权重约束范围:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000037
c)构建单目标优化模型进行指标权重优化具体模型如下:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000038
利用MATLAB或者LINGO编写多目标求解程序,得到方案Pi对应的最优指标权重:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000039
d)计算优化权重的偏离度为:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000040
为了使指标权重最接近于真实权重,则应使偏差尽可能小,建立如下规划模型:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000041
e)为了消除充填特性指标权重的不确定性,根据极大熵原理,确定的充填特性指标权重应使信息熵取最大值,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000042
f)为了同时达到方案综合评价值偏离度最小和指标权重不确定性最小的目的,联立式(5)和式(6),得:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000043
g)将上述多目标优化问题,可以转化为单目标优化问题,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000044
式中ε为平衡系数,其值的确定可根据具体情况给定。为求解该优化模型,构造Lagrange函数,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000045
根据该方程存在极值的必要条件,可得:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000047
令:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000048
代入充填特性指标评价矩阵A及ω=[ω(1) ω(2) … ω(m)]T,得到sj,tj
s1=2.064;s2=3.743;s3=3.773;
s4=3.848;s5=3.591;s6=3.219;
s7=3.183;t1=0.608;t2=1.099;。
t3=0.377;t4=1.426;t5=0.559;
t6=0.820;t7=0.354.
将sj,tj代入(10),(11)形成一个非线性方程组,即:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000049
若取ε=0.5,也即得到:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000050
方程组(14)由m+1个方程组成,共有m+1个变量,即ωj(j=1,2,…,n)和k。通
过Matlab编写牛顿迭代法等求解该方程组,从而得到设计方案技术指标评价的最优权重系数。
即得最优权重系数ω=[0.004 0.333 0.016 0.364 0.057 0.194 0.028]
然后根据各方案的综合评价值为:
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000051
分别带入方程组(14)得到:
v0=0.495v1=0.503v2=0.490
v3=0.544v4=0.463v5=0.392
v6=0.604v7=0.518v8=0.481
v9=0.264v10=0.728
由于v10>v6>v3>v7>v1>v0>v2>v8>v4>v5>v9,从而确定方案10#为最优设计方案,进而得到充填采煤液压支架充填运转特性优化对比见表4
表4充填采煤液压支架充填运转特性优化对比表
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000052
Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-000053

Claims (7)

  1. 一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法,其特征是:该评价方法按照如下步骤实现:A、分析地质资料及地质条件;B、初选液压支架架型;C、确定基础的初选方案;D、确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标;E、利用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA三维软件构建骨架模型,并进行运动仿真得到充填特性评价矩阵;F、多指标综合评价,确定最优方案。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法,其特征在于:所述A步骤的分析地质资料及地质条件,其中地质条件包括煤层厚度、倾角和顶板条件。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法,其特征在于:所述B步骤的初选液压支架架型,根据A步骤的地质条件结合相关标准和规范要求,确定液压支架架型,其中固体充填采煤液压支架的架型包括:六柱正四连杆充填采煤液压支架、六柱反四连杆充填采煤液压支架、四柱正四连杆充填采煤液压支架、四柱反四连杆充填采煤液压支架。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法,其特征在于:所述C步骤的确定基础的初选方案,采用控制变量法,通过改变充填采煤液压支架的四连杆长度、前后顶梁长度、夯实机构铰接位置、前后顶梁铰接位置等得到初选方案Pi
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法,其特征在于:所述D步骤确定充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标,充填采煤液压支架评价指标包括:支护特性中的支护强度、前顶梁支护强度、后顶梁支护强度,结构特性中的四连杆受力特性、顶梁偏移距、立柱受力特性等,夯实特性中的夯实角度、落料间隙距、落料中心距、夯实离顶距、夯实空顶距。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法,其特征在于:所述E步骤按照如下步骤执行:
    a)根据步骤C确定的初选方案,采用Pro/E、Solidworks或CATIA三维软件构建骨架模型;
    b)利用上述软件的运动仿真模块,布置测点分别监测D步骤的充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价指标,获得具体评价指标值;
    c)利用b)步骤中评价指标值形成充填特性评价矩阵A。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充填采煤液压支架充填特性评价方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤F中多指标综合评价,确定最优方案按照如下步骤执行:
    a)为避免由于各充填特性指标的质各不相同,所表达含义及量纲无法直接进行比较,为避免量纲间的差异给评价带来影响,对充填特性指标评价矩阵A进行规范化处理,记规范化后的矩阵为R=[rij]m×n
    b)根据工程实践经验,设定方案Pi对应的权重约束范围:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100001
    c)构建单目标优化模型进行指标权重优化具体模型如下:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100002
    利用MATLAB或者LINGO编写多目标求解程序,得到方案Pi对应的最优指标权重:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100003
    d)计算优化权重的偏离度为:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100004
    为了使指标权重最接近于真实权重,则应使偏差尽可能小,建立如下规划模型:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100005
    e)为了消除充填特性指标权重的不确定性,根据极大熵原理,确定的充填特性指标权重应使信息熵取最大值,即:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100006
    f)为了同时达到方案综合评价值偏离度最小和指标权重不确定性最小的目的,联立式(5)和式(6),得:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100007
    g)将上述多目标优化问题,可以转化为单目标优化问题,即:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100008
    式中ε为平衡系数,其值的确定可根据具体情况给定;为求解该优化模型,构造Lagrange函数,即:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100009
    根据该方程存在极值的必要条件,可得:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100011
    令:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100012
    代入充填特性指标评价矩阵A及ω=[ω(1) ω(2) … ω(m)]T,得到sj,tj
    将sj,tj代入(10),(11)形成一个非线性方程组,即:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100013
    若取ε=0.5,也即得到:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100014
    方程组(14)由m+1个方程组成,共有m+1个变量,即ωj(j=1,2,…,n)和k;通 过Matlab编写牛顿迭代法求解该方程组,从而得到设计方案技术指标评价的最优权重系数;
    即得最优权重系数ω;
    然后根据各方案的综合评价值为:
    Figure PCTCN2016106343-appb-100015
    将求解得到的最优权重系数ω代入式(15),可得到各设计方案的综合评价值vi
    按照大小排列vi,vi值越大方案越优,vi最大值对应的方案即为m个方案中最优的充填采煤液压支架优化设计方案。
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