WO2017212684A1 - 鋳型用粘結剤組成物、鋳型用骨材混合物、及び鋳型 - Google Patents
鋳型用粘結剤組成物、鋳型用骨材混合物、及び鋳型 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017212684A1 WO2017212684A1 PCT/JP2017/005340 JP2017005340W WO2017212684A1 WO 2017212684 A1 WO2017212684 A1 WO 2017212684A1 JP 2017005340 W JP2017005340 W JP 2017005340W WO 2017212684 A1 WO2017212684 A1 WO 2017212684A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- mold
- aggregate
- silicate
- water
- Prior art date
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a binder composition for a mold, an aggregate mixture for a mold, and a mold.
- the strength may decrease due to moisture absorption by the mold, and the environment around the mold is high. There was a tendency for the strength to decrease as the amount increased.
- a part or all of the metal collapses during transportation or after pouring and before the metal solidifies, and an improvement in moisture resistance has been demanded.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a binder composition for a mold from which a mold excellent in moisture resistance can be obtained, and an aggregate mixture for a mold. Moreover, it aims at providing the casting_mold
- a binder composition for molds comprising:
- the binder composition for molds according to ⁇ 1> which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium silicate and lithium hydroxide as the lithium salt.
- the binder composition for molds according to ⁇ 1> which contains lithium silicate having a molar ratio (SiO 2 / Li 2 O) of 3.0 or more and 8.0 or less as the lithium salt.
- the binder composition for molds according to ⁇ 1> which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and potassium silicate as the water-soluble binder.
- ⁇ 6> The binder composition for molds according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, further including a water-soluble foaming agent.
- the binder composition for a mold according to ⁇ 7> containing at least one selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant as the surfactant. object.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of aggregate, water-soluble binder, lithium silicate, lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium nitrate, and lithium nitrite A mold aggregate mixture comprising a lithium salt of a seed.
- the mold aggregate mixture according to ⁇ 9> containing at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium silicate and lithium hydroxide as the lithium salt.
- the mold aggregate mixture according to ⁇ 9> which contains lithium silicate having a molar ratio (SiO 2 / Li 2 O) of 3.0 or more and 8.0 or less as the lithium salt.
- the mold aggregate mixture according to ⁇ 9> which contains lithium silicate having a molar ratio (SiO 2 / Li 2 O) of 3.0 or more and 5.0 or less as the lithium salt.
- the mold aggregate mixture according to ⁇ 9> containing at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and potassium silicate as the water-soluble binder.
- the mold aggregate mixture according to ⁇ 15> which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant as the surfactant.
- the mold aggregate mixture according to ⁇ 9> which contains bubbles due to foaming and has a viscosity of 0.5 Pa ⁇ s to 10 Pa ⁇ s.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of aggregate, water-soluble binder, lithium silicate, lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium nitrate, and lithium nitrite A mold containing a lithium salt of the seed.
- templates can be provided.
- a mold excellent in moisture resistance can be provided.
- the binder composition for molds according to the present invention contains a water-soluble binder and at least one lithium salt selected from the group shown below.
- the mold binder composition according to the present invention is a composition that is used as a mold aggregate mixture that is a material of a mold (aggregate mold) by being mixed with the aggregate.
- the term “template” is used to include a core.
- the aggregate mixture for molds according to the present invention contains aggregate, a water-soluble binder, and at least one lithium salt selected from the group shown above.
- a water-soluble binder and at least one lithium salt selected from the above group are used. After mixing in advance, it may be mixed with the aggregate, or after mixing the aggregate and either the water-soluble binder or the specific lithium salt, the other may be mixed later. May be mixed together.
- a treatment liquid containing an aqueous medium for example, an aqueous coating agent
- a method such as dipping may be applied to the mold by a method such as dipping, and the strength of the mold absorbed by this aqueous solvent is reduced.
- the binder composition for molds and the aggregate mixture for molds according to the present invention are excellent in moisture resistance and water resistance when used as a mold by having the above-described configuration.
- the reason for this effect is not necessarily clear, but is presumed as follows.
- the water-soluble binder contained in the template is a metal salt substituted by Li + ions (for example, sodium silicate (Na 2 O ⁇ nSiO 2 ), potassium silicate (K 2 O ⁇ nSiO 2 ), etc.)
- Li + ions for example, sodium silicate (Na 2 O ⁇ nSiO 2 ), potassium silicate (K 2 O ⁇ nSiO 2 ), etc.
- the lithium metal salt is substituted by Li + ions generated by the lithium salt, and the reaction converges to exhibit excellent moisture resistance and water resistance. From the above, it is considered that the present invention is excellent in moisture resistance and water resistance when used as a mold.
- binder composition for mold according to the present invention and the composition constituting the aggregate mixture for mold will be described in detail.
- the specific lithium salt contains at least one lithium salt selected from the group shown below.
- lithium silicate and lithium hydroxide are preferable, and lithium silicate is more preferable from the viewpoint that a mold having higher moisture resistance and water resistance can be obtained.
- Lithium silicate (Li 2 O 3 Si) has a molar ratio (SiO 2 / Li 2 O) of 3.0 or more and 8.0 or less from the viewpoint of obtaining a mold having more excellent moisture resistance and water resistance. A thing of 3.0 or more and 5.0 or less is more preferable.
- the content of the specific lithium salt is preferably in the range of 0.01% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less, more preferably in the range of 0.05% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less, based on the aggregate.
- the range of mass% or more and 0.3 mass% or less is more preferable.
- the aggregate in the present invention is not particularly limited and any conventionally known aggregate can be used.
- aggregates such as dredged sand, alumina sand, olivine sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, mullite sand, and the like may be used, and various artificial aggregates (so-called artificial sand) may be used.
- artificial aggregate is particularly preferable from the viewpoint that sufficient mold strength can be easily obtained even when the amount of the binder added to the aggregate is reduced and a high aggregate regeneration rate is easily obtained.
- the particle size index of the aggregate in the present invention is preferably JIS; 631 (AFS; 300) or less, JIS; 5 (AFS; 3) or more, JIS; 355 (AFS; 200) or less, JIS; 31 (AFS; 20) or more. Is more preferable.
- the particle size index is equal to or more than the above lower limit value, the fluidity is excellent and the filling property at the time of molding a mold is improved.
- the amount is not more than the above lower limit value, air permeability as a mold is kept good.
- the shape of the aggregate in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a round shape, a rounded corner shape, a polygonal shape, and a pointed flat shape.
- a round shape is particularly preferred from the viewpoints of excellent fluidity, improved filling properties when molding a mold, and good air permeability as a mold.
- Water-soluble binder The binder is contained in order to impart a caking force to the aggregate from the viewpoint of favorably maintaining the shape of the mold at room temperature and the temperature range of the molten metal to be poured.
- water solubility means that it is soluble in water at normal temperature (20 ° C.), and it is preferable that a mixed liquid with the same volume of pure water at 1 atm 20 ° C. shows a uniform appearance.
- the water-soluble binder in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known binder can be used.
- any conventionally known binder can be used.
- sodium silicate (water glass), potassium silicate (potassium silicate), ammonium silicate, orthophosphate, pyro Examples thereof include phosphate, trimetaphosphate, polymetaphosphate, colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, and alkyl silicate.
- sodium silicate (water glass) and potassium silicate (potassium silicate) are more preferable from the viewpoint that the improvement of moisture resistance and water resistance by a specific lithium salt can be more effectively exhibited.
- water-soluble binder may use only 1 type from the above enumerated above, or may use 2 or more types together, for example.
- Sodium silicate (water glass) preferably has a molar ratio (molecular ratio of SiO 2 ⁇ Na 2 O) of 1.2 or more and 3.8 or less, and more preferably a molar ratio of 2.0 or more and 3.3 or less. Are more preferred.
- a molar ratio molecular ratio of SiO 2 ⁇ Na 2 O
- a molar ratio of 2.0 or more and 3.3 or less are more preferred.
- the content of the water-soluble binder in the present invention relative to the aggregate is preferably set depending on the type of binder and aggregate used, but is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 1 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less are more preferable.
- Water-soluble foaming agent Further, when forming a mold using the aggregate mixture for molds according to the present invention, foaming is performed by mixing with an aggregate, a water-soluble binder, a specific lithium salt, etc. using a water-soluble foaming agent and stirring. It is preferable to mold a mold after preparing a foamed aggregate mixture to improve fluidity.
- water solubility means that it is soluble in water at normal temperature (20 ° C.), and it is preferable that a mixed liquid with the same volume of pure water at 1 atm 20 ° C. shows a uniform appearance.
- the water-soluble foaming agent preferably further has a function as a binder, and from the viewpoint of more efficiently generating the foaming in the aggregate mixture, a foaming binder is preferred.
- a foaming binder is preferred.
- the water-soluble binder having foaming property include surfactants (specifically, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, etc.), polyvinyl alcohol or derivatives thereof, saponins, Examples include starch or derivatives thereof, and other saccharides.
- other saccharides include, for example, cellulose, fructose, etc. as polysaccharides, acarbose, etc. as tetrasaccharides, raffinose, maltotriose, etc. as trisaccharides, and maltose, sucralose, trehalose, etc. as disaccharides.
- glucose, fructose, and other oligosaccharides include, for example, cellulose, fructose
- anionic surfactant examples include fatty acid sodium, monoalkyl sulfate, linear sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium ether sulfate.
- Nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, fatty acid sorbitan esters, alkyl polyglucosides, and the like.
- amphoteric surfactants include cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultain, and lauryl dimethylaminoacetic acid betaine.
- a foaming agent may use only 1 type from what was enumerated above, for example, or may use 2 or more types together.
- the content of the water-soluble foaming agent in the present invention relative to the aggregate is preferably set according to the type of foaming agent and aggregate used.
- the total content of the anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, and amphoteric surfactant is preferably 0.005% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0% by mass with respect to the aggregate. .05% by mass or less is more preferable.
- the total content of polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, saponin, starch and derivatives thereof, and other sugars (binding agent group (A)) is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less with respect to the aggregate. Furthermore, 0.2 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less are more preferable.
- compositions [Other compositions] Moreover, conventionally well-known compositions, such as a catalyst and an oxidation accelerator, can be added to the aggregate material for casting molds according to the present invention.
- the production of an aggregate mixture for molds according to the present invention is performed by adding and mixing the various compositions described above.
- the order of addition and the kneading method are not particularly limited.
- the binder and the specific lithium salt are mixed in advance to prepare a binder composition for a mold first, and then A method of mixing the binder composition for mold with the aggregate is preferable.
- a kneading apparatus for adding and kneading the above-mentioned binder composition for molds and other compositions to the aggregate is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known kneading apparatus is used. For example, rotation / revolution Mixers, Eirich Intensive Mixers, Shinto Simpson MixMuller, etc. are used.
- the aggregate mixture for a mold according to the present invention may be prepared by adding a binder to the aggregate and kneading, and then adding and kneading a specific lithium salt thereto. Moreover, you may produce the aggregate mixture for molds which concerns on this invention by adding a specific lithium salt with respect to an aggregate, kneading and adding a binder further there. Furthermore, you may produce the aggregate material mixture for molds which concerns on this invention by knead
- the molding of the aggregate mold using the aggregate mixture for mold according to the present invention may be performed by a molding machine or by molding.
- a water-soluble binder, aggregate, specific lithium salt, etc. are mixed, stirred and foamed to make a foam aggregate mixture, and pressed into a heated mold making space in a mold making mold for filling. It is preferable to mold, and it is more preferable to fill by injection at the time of press-fitting.
- a mold by a molding method including the following steps a) to d).
- a) Agitation is caused in the aggregate mixture by stirring the aggregate mixture containing aggregate, water-soluble binder, the above-described specific lithium salt, and water, and a foamed aggregate mixture containing bubbles is prepared.
- the bubbles dispersed in the foam aggregate mixture by stirring and the foam aggregate mixture by the heat of the heated mold Phenomenon occurs in which the water vapor generated from the moisture of the water gathers in the center of the mold. Therefore, in the center, it becomes a mold with a low packing density (that is, solid content density) of aggregate, water-soluble binder, and specific lithium salt, and conversely, the surface is aggregate, water-soluble binder, and specific
- the lithium salt has a high packing density (solid content density).
- the specific lithium salt in the aggregate mold is present on the surface portion.
- the mold surface obtained by press-fitting the above-mentioned foamed aggregate mixture into a heated mold making space has a high density of specific lithium salt, so it is extremely effective in reducing the amount of specific lithium salt added. It is effective for.
- the solid content (aggregate, binder, And a specific lithium salt) can be discriminated by visually checking the degree of clogging.
- the aggregate mixture is preferably foamed until it becomes a whipped cream shape in order to improve the filling property into the mold making space and to improve the filling density.
- the foamed aggregate mixture (that is, the mold aggregate mixture) preferably has a viscosity of 0.5 Pa ⁇ s to 10 Pa ⁇ s, and the viscosity is further 0.5 Pa ⁇ s to 8 Pa ⁇ s. S or less is more preferable.
- the viscosity of the foam aggregate mixture (that is, the mold aggregate mixture) is measured as follows.
- the foamed aggregate mixture is placed in a cylindrical container with an inner diameter of 42 mm having pores with a diameter of 6 mm at the bottom, and pressurized with the weight of a weight of 1 kg and a columnar weight with a diameter of 40 mm by the weight of the weight. Is discharged. At this time, the time required for the weight to move 50 mm is measured, and the viscosity is obtained by the following mathematical formula.
- the moisture of the foam aggregate mixture filled in the mold making space is evaporated by, for example, heat from a heated mold, flow of heated air to the mold making space, or a combination of both.
- the casting mold using the aggregate mixture for casting according to the present invention is used for casting various metals or alloys.
- the material of the molten metal used for casting include the following.
- the following pouring temperature represents the temperature which the following material melt
- Aluminum or aluminum alloy Puling temperature: 670 ° C to 700 ° C
- Iron or iron alloy pouring temperature: 1300 ° C to 1400 ° C
- Bronze Pouring temperature: 1100 ° C to 1250 ° C
- Brass Pier (Pouring temperature: 950 ° C to 1100 ° C)
- Casting is performed by pouring molten metal made of the materials listed above into the mold (core) and the space in the mold, and then cooling to remove the mold.
- part means “part by mass” unless otherwise specified.
- Example A1> -Aggregate 100 parts of natural aggregate (Flatary Sand, Cape Flattery, Silica Mines)
- Water-soluble binder 2.0 parts of sodium silicate (water glass, molar ratio 2.0, manufactured by Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., No.
- -Water-soluble binder having foamability 0.05 part of anionic surfactant (ether sulfate Na salt, Adeka Corporation) -Lithium salt: lithium silicate 0.5 part (lithium silicate 45, molar ratio 4.5, Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- anionic surfactant ether sulfate Na salt, Adeka Corporation
- Lithium salt lithium silicate 0.5 part (lithium silicate 45, molar ratio 4.5, Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- the foamed mixture was prepared by mixing and foaming the material having the above composition at about 200 rpm for about 5 minutes using a mixer (manufactured by Aikosha Seisakusho, tabletop mixer). Next, this foamed mixture was injected into a mold heated to 250 ° C. with a mold making machine (molding machine, manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- the mold was a mold for producing a bending strength test piece, had a cavity with a capacity of about 80 cm 3 , and was injected at a gate speed of 1 m / sec and a cylinder surface pressure of 0.4 MPa.
- the foamed mixture filled in the heated mold was allowed to stand for 2 minutes, the moisture was evaporated by the heat of the mold, and the foamed mixture was solidified. After completion of solidification, the mold (core) was taken out from the mold.
- ⁇ Water resistance test Further, as a water resistance test, the bending test piece was dipped into an aqueous coating mold (a treatment liquid containing ceramic fine particles and an aqueous medium, Mikawa Mining Co., Ltd., product name: Three Coat WS-180) and dried in a drying furnace at 100 ° C. The bending strength (MPa) of the test piece held and held every 15 minutes up to 60 minutes was measured by the method described above.
- aqueous coating mold a treatment liquid containing ceramic fine particles and an aqueous medium, Mikawa Mining Co., Ltd., product name: Three Coat WS-180
- Examples A2 to A6> A template (core) was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the type, molar ratio, and amount of the lithium salt in Example A1 were changed to those shown in Table 1 below, and an evaluation test was performed.
- Example A1 A template (core) was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the lithium salt (lithium silicate) was not added in Example A1, and an evaluation test was performed.
- Example A1 containing lithium silicate
- the strength decreased to about 40% of the strength of the uncoated mold until 45 minutes when the coating mold was undried, and the strength was recovered after 60 minutes in the dried state. It was 90% stronger than the mold.
- Examples B2 to B6> A template (core) was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1 except that the type, molar ratio, and amount of the lithium salt in Example B1 were changed to those shown in Table 2 below, and an evaluation test was performed.
- Example B1 A template (core) was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1 except that no lithium salt (lithium silicate) was added in Example B1, and an evaluation test was performed.
- Example B1 containing lithium silicate
- the strength decreased to about 50% of the strength of the uncoated mold until 45 minutes when the coating mold was undried, and the strength was recovered after 60 minutes in the dried state. It was 90% stronger than the mold.
- Lithium silicate (lithium silicate 45, molar ratio 4.5, Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Lithium silicate (lithium silicate 75, molar ratio 7.5, Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Lithium silicate (lithium silicate 35, molar ratio 3.5, Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Lithium hydroxide (lithium hydroxide monohydrate, Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.)
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Abstract
Description
また、耐湿性に優れた鋳型を提供することを目的とする。
また、耐湿性に優れた鋳型を提供することができる。
また、本発明は以下の詳細な説明により更に完全に理解できるであろう。しかしながら、詳細な説明および特定の実施例は、本発明の望ましい実施の形態であり、説明の目的のためにのみ記載されているものである。この詳細な説明から、種々の変更、改変が、当業者にとって明らかだからである。
出願人は、記載された実施の形態のいずれをも公衆に献上する意図はなく、開示された改変、代替案のうち、特許請求の範囲内に文言上含まれないかもしれないものも、均等論下での発明の一部とする。
本明細書あるいは請求の範囲の記載において、名詞及び同様な指示語の使用は、特に指示されない限り、または文脈によって明瞭に否定されない限り、単数および複数の両方を含むものと解釈すべきである。本明細書中で提供されたいずれの例示または例示的な用語(例えば、「等」)の使用も、単に本発明を説明し易くするという意図であるに過ぎず、特に請求の範囲に記載しない限り本発明の範囲に制限を加えるものではない。
珪酸リチウム(Li2O3Si)、酸化リチウム(Li2O)、水酸化リチウム(LiOH)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、臭化リチウム(LiBr)、塩化リチウム(LiCl)、硝酸リチウム(LiNO3)、亜硝酸リチウム(LiNO2)
強度の低下した鋳型は、その搬送時や注湯した後金属が固化する前に崩壊することも考えられる。そのため、鋳型には耐湿性の向上が求められており、さらに耐水性の向上も求められていた。
この効果が奏される理由は、必ずしも明確ではないが以下のように推察される。
以上により、本発明では鋳型としたときの耐湿性及び耐水性に優れるものと考えられる。
本発明においては特定のリチウム塩として、以下に示す群より選択される少なくとも1種のリチウム塩を含有する。
珪酸リチウム(Li2O3Si)、酸化リチウム(Li2O)、水酸化リチウム(LiOH)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、臭化リチウム(LiBr)、塩化リチウム(LiCl)、硝酸リチウム(LiNO3)、亜硝酸リチウム(LiNO2)
特定のリチウム塩の含有量が0.01質量%以上であることで、耐湿性及び耐水性に優れた鋳型が得られる。一方、1質量%以下であることで、発泡させた骨材混合物の粘度の悪化を抑制できる。
本発明における骨材としては、特に限定されず従来公知のいかなるものも用いることができる。例えば、硅砂、アルミナ砂、オリビン砂、クロマイト砂、ジルコン砂、ムライト砂等の骨材が挙げられ、更には各種の人工骨材(いわゆる人工砂)を用いてもよい。
これらの中でも、骨材に対し粘結剤の添加量を低減しても十分な鋳型強度が得られ易く且つ高い骨材再生率が得られ易いとの観点で、特に人工骨材が好ましい。
粒度指数が上記下限値以上であることにより流動性に優れ鋳型を造型する際の充填性が向上する。一方、上記下限値以下であることにより鋳型として通気性が良好に保たれる。
粘結剤は、常温及び注湯される溶湯の温度域において鋳型の形状を良好に保持させるとの観点で、骨材に粘結力を付与するために含有される。
なお、水溶性とは常温(20℃)で水に可溶性であることを指し、1気圧20℃で同容量の純水との混合液が均一な外観を示すことが好ましい。
これらの中でも、特定のリチウム塩による耐湿性及び耐水性の向上をより効果的に発揮し得るとの観点から珪酸ナトリウム(水ガラス)、珪酸カリウム(珪酸カリ)がより好ましい。
また、本発明に係る鋳型用骨材混合物を用いて鋳型を造型するに際しては、水溶性の発泡剤を用いて骨材や水溶性粘結剤、特定のリチウム塩等と共に混合し攪拌して発泡を生じさせ、発泡した骨材混合物を調製して流動性を向上した上で鋳型を造型することが好ましい。
なお、水溶性とは常温(20℃)で水に可溶性であることを指し、1気圧20℃で同容量の純水との混合液が均一な外観を示すことが好ましい。
陰イオン界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤、及び両性界面活性剤の総含有量は、骨材に対し0.005質量%以上0.1質量%以下が好ましく、更に0.01質量%以上0.05質量%以下がより好ましい。
ポリビニルアルコール及びその誘導体、サポニン、澱粉及びその誘導体、並びにその他の糖類(粘結剤群(A))の総含有量は、骨材に対し0.1質量%以上20.0質量%以下が好ましく、更に0.2質量%以上5質量%以下がより好ましい。
また、本発明に係る鋳型用骨材混合物には、上記のほかにも、触媒、酸化促進剤等、従来公知の組成物を添加することができる。
本発明に係る鋳型用骨材混合物の作製は、上述した各種組成物を添加混合することにより行われる。添加の順番や混練の方法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば前記粘結剤と前記特定のリチウム塩とを予め混合して、まず鋳型用粘結剤組成物を調製し、その後、この鋳型用粘結剤組成物を前記骨材と混合する方法が好ましい。
骨材に対して上記鋳型用粘結剤組成物やその他の組成物等を添加し混練する際の混練装置としては、特に限定されることなく従来公知の混練装置が用いられ、例えば自転・公転ミキサー、アイリッヒ・インテンシブ・ミキサー、新東シンプソン・ミックスマラー等が用いられる。
本発明に係る鋳型用骨材混合物を用いた骨材鋳型の造型は、造型機による造型であっても、また手込めによる造型であってもよい。
a)骨材、水溶性粘結剤、前述の特定のリチウム塩、及び水を含む骨材混合物を攪拌することにより該骨材混合物中で発泡を生じさせ、気泡を含む発泡骨材混合物を調製する発泡骨材混合物調製工程
b)前記発泡骨材混合物を金型における鋳型造型用の空間に充填する充填工程
c)充填した発泡骨材混合物の水分を蒸発させて発泡骨材混合物を固化させ、骨材鋳型を造型する鋳型造型工程
d)造型された骨材鋳型を前記鋳型造型用の空間から取り出す取出工程
鋳型への吸湿や吸水が生じる場合には通常表面から生じるため、骨材鋳型中の特定のリチウム塩は特に表面部に存在していることがより好ましい。加熱した鋳型造型用空間へ前述の発泡骨材混合物を圧入し造型して得られた鋳型の表面は、特定のリチウム塩の密度が高いため、特定のリチウム塩の添加量を低減することに非常に有効である。
なお、発泡骨材混合物(つまり鋳型用骨材混合物)の粘度の測定は以下のようにして行われる。
-測定方法-
底部に直径6mmの細孔を有する内径42mmの円筒容器に発泡骨材混合物を投入し、重量1kg、直径40mmの円柱状おもりにて、おもりの自重で加圧することで細孔より発泡骨材混合物が排出される。この時、おもりが50mm移動するのに要した時間を計測し、下記数式にて粘度を求める。
式 μ=πD4Ppt/128L1L2S
μ:粘度[Pa・s]
D:底部細孔の直径[m]
Pp:おもりの加圧力[Pa]
t:おもりが50mm移動するのに要した時間[s]
L1:おもりの移動距離(=50mm)
L2:底部細孔の板厚[m]
S:円柱状おもりの底部の面積と円筒の内部の中空領域(つまり内径部分)の断面積との平均値[m2]
本発明に係る鋳型用骨材混合物を用いた鋳型は各種金属又は合金の鋳造に用いられる。鋳造に用いられる溶湯の材料としては例えば以下のものが挙げられる。なお、下記注湯温度とは、下記の材料が注湯するのに適当な程度に溶解する温度を表す。
アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金(注湯温度:670℃~700℃)
鉄又は鉄合金(注湯温度:1300℃~1400℃)
青銅(注湯温度:1100℃~1250℃)
黄銅(注湯温度:950℃~1100℃)
<実施例A1>
・骨材:天然骨材 100部
(フラタリーサンド、ケープフラタリー・シリカ・マインズ社)
・水溶性粘結剤:珪酸ナトリウム 2.0部
(水ガラス、モル比2.0、富士化学株式会社製、1号)
・発泡性を有する水溶性の粘結剤:アニオン界面活性剤 0.05部
(エーテルサルフェートNa塩、株式会社アデカ社)
・リチウム塩:珪酸リチウム 0.5部
(珪酸リチウム45、モル比4.5、日本化学工業社)
前記組成の材料を混合機(愛工舎製作所製、卓上ミキサ)を用いて約200rpmで約5分間混合し発泡させて、発泡混合物を調製した。次いで、この発泡混合物を鋳型造型機(造型機、新東工業社製)にて250℃に加熱した金型に射出した。金型は曲げ強度試験片作製用の金型で、容量約80cm3のキャビティを有しており、ゲート速度1m/sec、シリンダ面圧0.4MPaで射出した。この加熱された金型に充填された発泡混合物を2分間放置して、金型の熱により水分を蒸発させ、発泡混合物を固化させた。固化完了後、金型から鋳型(中子)を取り出した。
・耐湿試験
得られた鋳型により10mm×10mm×70mmの曲げ試験片を作製した。
耐湿試験として、温度35℃湿度75%の恒温恒湿槽内に72時間保管し、0時間から24時間おきに試験片について曲げ強度(MPa)を測定した。なお、曲げ強度の測定はJACT(日本鋳造技術協会)試験法SM-1、曲げ強さ試験法に準拠して行った。
また、72時間保管した後の曲げ試験片について、吸湿した量をJACT試験法S-9、鋳物骨材の水分試験法に準拠して測定した。
さらに耐水試験として、曲げ試験片を水性塗型(セラミックス微粒子及び水性媒体を含有する処理液、三河鉱産社、製品名:スリーコートWS-180)にディッピングし、100℃の乾燥炉で保持し、15分おきに最大60分まで保持した試験片について曲げ強度(MPa)を、前記の方法にて測定した。
実施例A1においてリチウム塩の種類、モル比、量を下記表1に記載の物に変更したこと以外は、実施例A1と同様にして鋳型(中子)を作製し、評価試験を行った。
実施例A1においてリチウム塩(珪酸リチウム)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例A1と同様にして鋳型(中子)を作製し、評価試験を行った。
曲げ試験片の耐湿試験の結果(実施例A1及び比較例A1)を図1に示す。珪酸リチウムを含まない比較例A1の場合、72時間保管後の曲げ強度が0時間保管後に比べ約5割まで低下したのに対し、珪酸リチウムを含む実施例A1の場合は、曲げ強度の低下が見られなかった。
また、耐水試験の結果(実施例A1及び比較例A1)を図2に示す。珪酸リチウムを含まない比較例A1の場合、塗型が未乾燥の状態の45分までは強度が無塗型の強度の1割程度まで大幅に低下し、乾燥状態の60分では強度は回復したものの無塗型に比べ7割の強度となった。一方、珪酸リチウムを含む実施例A1の場合、塗型が未乾燥の状態の45分までは強度が無塗型の強度の4割程度まで低下し、乾燥状態の60minでは強度が回復し無塗型に比べ9割の強度となった。
<実施例B1>
・骨材:人工骨材 100部
(エスパール#60L、山川産業社)
・水溶性粘結剤:珪酸カリウム 1.0部
(1号珪酸カリ、モル比1.8~2.2、富士化学株式会社製)
・発泡性を有する水溶性の粘結剤:陰イオン界面活性剤 0.025部
(エーテルサルフェートNa塩、株式会社アデカ社)
・リチウム塩:珪酸リチウム 0.25部
(珪酸リチウム45、モル比4.5、日本化学工業社)
前記組成の材料を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして鋳型(中子)を作製し、評価試験を行った。
実施例B1においてリチウム塩の種類、モル比、量を下記表2に記載の物に変更したこと以外は、実施例B1と同様にして鋳型(中子)を作製し、評価試験を行った。
実施例B1においてリチウム塩(珪酸リチウム)を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例B1と同様にして鋳型(中子)を作製し、評価試験を行った。
曲げ試験片の耐湿試験の結果(実施例B1及び比較例B1)を図3に示す。珪酸リチウムを含まない比較例B1の場合、72時間保管後の曲げ強度が0時間保管後に比べ約5割まで低下したのに対し、珪酸リチウムを含む実施例B1の場合は、曲げ強度の低下が見られなかった。
また、耐水試験の結果(実施例B1及び比較例B1)を図4に示す。珪酸リチウムを含まない比較例B1の場合、塗型が未乾燥の状態の45分までは強度が無塗型の強度の2割程度まで大幅に低下し、乾燥状態の60分では強度は回復したものの無塗型に比べ7割の強度となった。一方、珪酸リチウムを含む実施例B1の場合、塗型が未乾燥の状態の45分までは強度が無塗型の強度の5割程度まで低下し、乾燥状態の60minでは強度が回復し無塗型に比べ9割の強度となった。
・珪酸リチウム(珪酸リチウム45、モル比4.5、日本化学工業社)
・珪酸リチウム(珪酸リチウム75、モル比7.5、日本化学工業社)
・珪酸リチウム(珪酸リチウム35、モル比3.5、日本化学工業社)
・水酸化リチウム(水酸化リチウム一水和物、キシダ化学社)
Claims (21)
- 水溶性粘結剤と、
珪酸リチウム、酸化リチウム、水酸化リチウム、炭酸リチウム、臭化リチウム、塩化リチウム、硝酸リチウム、及び亜硝酸リチウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のリチウム塩と、
を含有する鋳型用粘結剤組成物。 - 前記リチウム塩として、珪酸リチウム及び水酸化リチウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する請求項1に記載の鋳型用粘結剤組成物。
- 前記リチウム塩として、モル比(SiO2/Li2O)が3.0以上8.0以下である珪酸リチウムを含有する請求項1に記載の鋳型用粘結剤組成物。
- 前記リチウム塩として、モル比(SiO2/Li2O)が3.0以上5.0以下である珪酸リチウムを含有する請求項1に記載の鋳型用粘結剤組成物。
- 前記水溶性粘結剤として、珪酸ナトリウム及び珪酸カリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する請求項1に記載の鋳型用粘結剤組成物。
- さらに水溶性の発泡剤を含有する請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の鋳型用粘結剤組成物。
- 前記発泡剤として界面活性剤を含有する請求項6に記載の鋳型用粘結剤組成物。
- 前記界面活性剤として陰イオン界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤、及び両性界面活性剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する請求項7に記載の鋳型用粘結剤組成物。
- 骨材と、
水溶性粘結剤と、
珪酸リチウム、酸化リチウム、水酸化リチウム、炭酸リチウム、臭化リチウム、塩化リチウム、硝酸リチウム、及び亜硝酸リチウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のリチウム塩と、
を含有する鋳型用骨材混合物。 - 前記リチウム塩として、珪酸リチウム及び水酸化リチウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する請求項9に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 前記リチウム塩として、モル比(SiO2/Li2O)が3.0以上8.0以下である珪酸リチウムを含有する請求項9に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 前記リチウム塩として、モル比(SiO2/Li2O)が3.0以上5.0以下である珪酸リチウムを含有する請求項9に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 前記水溶性粘結剤として、珪酸ナトリウム及び珪酸カリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する請求項9に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- さらに水溶性の発泡剤を含有する請求項9乃至請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 前記発泡剤として界面活性剤を含有する請求項14に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 前記界面活性剤として陰イオン界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤、及び両性界面活性剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有する請求項15に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 前記リチウム塩の含有量が、前記骨材に対し0.01質量%以上1質量%以下である請求項9に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 前記水溶性粘結剤の含有量が、前記骨材に対し0.1質量%以上20質量%以下である請求項9に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 前記発泡剤の含有量が、前記骨材に対し0.005質量%以上0.1質量%以下である請求項14に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 発泡による気泡を含有し、粘度が0.5Pa・s以上10Pa・s以下である請求項9に記載の鋳型用骨材混合物。
- 骨材と、水溶性粘結剤と、珪酸リチウム、酸化リチウム、水酸化リチウム、炭酸リチウム、臭化リチウム、塩化リチウム、硝酸リチウム、及び亜硝酸リチウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のリチウム塩と、を含有する鋳型。
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JP2017217660A (ja) | 2017-12-14 |
US20190105703A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
CN108602112B (zh) | 2020-07-28 |
EP3466561B1 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
BR112018014484A2 (ja) | 2018-12-11 |
MX2018011741A (es) | 2019-01-10 |
RU2018134050A (ru) | 2020-07-10 |
KR102586742B1 (ko) | 2023-10-06 |
CN108602112A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
EP3466561A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
US10668524B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 |
JP6593255B2 (ja) | 2019-10-23 |
KR20190015181A (ko) | 2019-02-13 |
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