WO2017210021A1 - Embrayage à roue libre à articulation magnétique - Google Patents

Embrayage à roue libre à articulation magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017210021A1
WO2017210021A1 PCT/US2017/034001 US2017034001W WO2017210021A1 WO 2017210021 A1 WO2017210021 A1 WO 2017210021A1 US 2017034001 W US2017034001 W US 2017034001W WO 2017210021 A1 WO2017210021 A1 WO 2017210021A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
sprag
overrunning clutch
sprags
magnets
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/034001
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roy Rosser
Original Assignee
Roy Rosser
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/444,840 external-priority patent/US9856928B2/en
Application filed by Roy Rosser filed Critical Roy Rosser
Publication of WO2017210021A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017210021A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/01—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/069—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by pivoting or rocking, e.g. sprags
    • F16D41/07—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by pivoting or rocking, e.g. sprags between two cylindrical surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D2041/0603—Sprag details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/004—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with permanent magnets combined with electromagnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/02—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to the technical field of engineering, particularly to overrunning clutches, and more particularly, to magnetically hinged overrunning clutches. BACKGROUND ART.
  • Overrunning clutches have numerous practical applications including providing a freewheeling function for bicycles.
  • a free-wheel device allows cyclists, who apply torque to the wheel by propelling pedals in a circular motion with their feet, to then also "coast", i.e., to continue to travel, but with their feet and the pedals stationary while the bicycle wheels continue to rotate. Without an overrunning clutch, the rear wheel, which is continuing to turn, would cause the pedals to also turn, forcing the pedals - and the cyclist's feet - to continue to move.
  • overrunning clutches allow electric motors to be engaged to start the engine, but to quickly disengage when the engine fires, and so avoid the faster running engine from damaging the electric motor by spinning it more quickly than it is designed to turn.
  • the overrunning clutches allow the belt to operate in one direction, but prevent accidental backsliding of the conveyor in the other direction. This is important when the conveyors are, for instance, being used to take heavy loads up an incline as is often the case in industries such as the mining industry.
  • overrunning clutches there are a variety of well-known methods for implementing overrunning clutches, such as, but not limited to, so called “dog clutches”, roller-wedge clutches and sprag clutches.
  • the driving board has an axle hole and multiple holding recesses.
  • the holding recesses are defined in the driving board and are arranged around and communicate with the axle hole.
  • Each holding recess has a long end having a radial width and a narrow end having a radial width smaller than that of the long end.
  • the permanent magnets are mounted on the driving board and are located at positions adjacent to the narrow ends of the holding recesses.
  • the clutching elements are rotatably mounted respectively in the holding recesses and are made of a magnetically conductive material. Each clutching element is moveable in a corresponding one of the holding recesses toward the narrow end of the corresponding holding recess by an attraction of a corresponding one of the permanent magnets.
  • US Patent Application no. 20140060992 published by Stefan Spahr et al. on March 6, 2014 entitled "Hub for at Least Partially Muscle-Powered Vehicles” that describes a hub for at least partially muscle-powered vehicles having a hub axle, a hub body, a rotatable driving device, and a freewheel device.
  • the freewheel device includes a first and a second engagement component cooperating with one another having at least one axial toothing each.
  • the freewheel device is biased to the engaging position via a magnetic biasing device.
  • a first magnetic device biases the first engagement component and a second magnetic device biases the second engagement component to the engaging position.
  • At least one magnetic component comprises a carrier unit and a multitude of magnetic units disposed thereat.
  • the magnetically hinged, overrunning clutch may include two rotatable shafts that may be co-axially aligned. Two or more sprags may be located within a gap between an external surface of the first shaft and an internal surface of the second shaft.
  • the first shaft may also include one or more pairs of magnets that may be arranged so that in each pair, the magnetic fields may be aligned in opposite directions. Each of the sprags may have a ferromagnetic region.
  • the sprags may be shaped and sized, and the ferromagnetic region located, such that when the sprags are disposed between the two shafts and attracted to the shaft- magnets, the first shaft may be rotated with respect to the second shaft in a first, overrunning direction of rotation, but not in an opposite, or lock-up direction.
  • the sprags may also contain magnets, and the sprags may also come in pairs in which each sprag of the pair has the magnetic field aligned in an opposite direction.
  • the shaft-magnets may, for instance, be arranged in pairs, one being in a south-down orientation with the adjacent shaft-magnet being in a north-down orientation.
  • a south-down orientation may, for instance, consist of the magnetic axis of the shaft-magnet being oriented such that the south- seeking end of the magnet is directed towards the axis of rotation of the shaft.
  • a north-down orientation may consist of the magnetic axis being oriented such that the north-seeking end of the magnet is directed towards the axis of rotation of the shaft.
  • the sprag-magnets may then be located and oriented in the sprags such that a first type of sprag may have the magnet oriented such that, when it is located adjacent to one of the north- down shaft- magnets, the sprag may be attracted towards the north-down shaft- magnet and may pivot toward a lockup configuration of the clutch.
  • a second type of sprag may have a magnet located and oriented such that when it is located adjacent to a south-down shaft- magnet, it may be attracted toward the south-down shaft-magnet and may also pivot toward a lockup configuration of the clutch.
  • the sprags may be in the form of cylinders in which the cross- section has at least two portions of a spiral, as is common practice with mechanically sprung sprag overrunning clutches.
  • the sprags may be cylindrical but have pseudo-spiral cross sections.
  • a pseudo-spiral may, for instance, be constructed of portions of a circle of different radii.
  • Such pseudo-spiral sprags may, for instance, be easier to design, to draw, to machine and to manufacture.
  • the sprag and shaft- magnets may, for instance, be rare-earth magnets such as, but not limited to, rare-earth magnets containing Neodymium.
  • one or more of the shaft-magnets may also, or instead, be an electro-magnet, and may be used to turn the lockup condition on or off.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide inexpensive, but highly effective, overrunning clutches that have both rapid uptake and low overrunning loss, or friction, and are easy to design, easy to manufacture, easy to assemble and easy to maintain.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-section of one embodiment of a magnetically hinged, overrunning clutch of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a further preferred embodiment of a
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-section of an exemplary spiral sprag.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-section of one embodiment of a pseudo-spiral sprag of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a comparison of schematic cross-sections of an exemplary spiral sprag and an exemplary pseudo-spiral sprag.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-section of one embodiment of a magnetically hinged, overrunning clutch of the present invention.
  • the magnetically hinged, overrunning clutch 100 may consist of a first, or inner, shaft 105 co-axially located within a second, or outer, shaft 135, i.e., they may both have their axis of rotation 140 on a common line.
  • a number of sprags 145 may be located between the two shafts and the object of the arrangement may be to provide a device in which, when the outer shaft is rotated with respect to the inner shaft in a first direction 155, the shafts may rotate past each other, or overrun.
  • the arrangement of the device is such that, when the outer shaft is rotated in a second, opposite direction 160, the two shafts may be locked to each other and torque may be transmitted from one shaft to the other.
  • sprags that may have spiral or pseudo-spiral cross-sections, may instead be magnetically hinged so as to always be lightly pivoted towards a lockup orientation.
  • this magnetic hinging may be accomplished by having a number of shaft-magnets 115 as part of the first shaft 105. These may be arranged as pairs 110 of adjacent shaft-magnets in which a first shaft-magnet 120 of the pair has a magnetic axis 125 oriented in an opposite direction to the magnetic axis 125 in an adjacent second shaft-magnet 130 of the pair.
  • the sprags 145 may contain a ferromagnetic region 150 located such that combined with the shape of the sprag, that when it is attracted to one of the shaft-magnets 115, the sprag pivots 165 toward a lockup configuration, i.e., a configuration that, if maintained firmly, locks the two shafts together.
  • Having the shaft-magnets and the sprag-magnets arranged in alternating pairs may result in the magnet fluxes of the magnets forming localized loops of magnetic flux. This may have the benefit of avoiding the formation of regions of inappropriately oriented magnetic attraction or repulsion in the region between the shaft- magnets. Such in-between regions of inappropriately oriented magnetic attraction or repulsion may, for instance, allow the sprags with a
  • the pairs 110 of adjacent shaft- magnets may be arranged such that a one having a southdown orientation 170 is always adjacent to another one having a north-down orientation 175.
  • a south-down orientation 170 may be one in which the shaft- magnetic has its magnetic axis oriented such that a south-seeking end of the magnet is directed toward the axis of rotation of the shaft.
  • a north-down orientation 175, may be one in which the shaft-magnet has its magnetic axis oriented such that a north-seeking end is directed towards the axis of rotation of the shaft.
  • the shaft-magnets may, for instance, be rare-earth magnets such as, but not limited to, to the Neodymium rare-earth magnets supplied by, for instance, K&J Magnetics, Inc. of PipersviUe, PA.
  • the shaft-magnets may also be wholly, or in part, electro- magnets and may be arranged so that a lockup configuration may be turned on or off, i.e., that the magnetically hinged, overrunning clutch may be switched from allowing freewheeling in either relative rotation of the shafts, to one in which freewheeling only occurs in one direction of relative rotation.
  • the ferromagnetic region 150 may, for instance, be a region of any of the well-known ferromagnetic materials such as, but not limited to, iron, nickel, cobalt, steel or 400 series, ferritic stainless steel, or some combination thereof.
  • the remainder of the sprag, and the two shafts may be made of any suitable non-magnetic material such as, but not limited to, aluminum, ceramics, plastics, nylon, or 300 series, austenitic stainless steel, or some combination thereof.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section of one preferred embodiment of a magnetically hinged, overrunning clutch of the present invention.
  • the ferromagnetic region of the sprag may also, or instead, be a magnet.
  • the sprags may be arranged in pairs of sprags 190. In such a pair, there may be a first sprag 192 that may have a sprag-magnet 185 located and oriented such that when the first sprag is located adjacent to a north-down oriented shaft-magnet 176, the first sprag may be attracted toward the north-down oriented shaft-magnet 176, and may pivot 165 toward a lockup configuration.
  • a second sprag 194 may have a sprag-magnet 185 located and oriented such that when the second sprag is located adjacent to a south-down oriented shaft-magnet 172, the second sprag may be attracted toward the south-down oriented shaft-magnet 172, and may also pivot 165 toward a lockup configuration.
  • the sprags may be disposed between a first, circularly cylindrical external surface 205 of the inner shaft and a second, circularly cylindrical internal surface 210 of the outer shaft.
  • the sprag may be sized to fit the space between the shafts, i.e., to fit a space that is the difference between a first, external diameter 106 of the inner shaft and a second, internal diameter 112 of the outer shaft.
  • Having the shaft-magnets and the sprag-magnets arranged in alternating pairs may result in the magnet fluxes of the magnets forming localized loops of magnetic flux. This may have the benefit of avoiding the formation of regions of inappropriately oriented magnetic attraction or repulsion in the region between the shaft- magnets. Such in-between regions of inappropriately oriented magnetic attraction or repulsion may allow the sprags with magnets to become locked down in an orientation such that they are no longer able to act as required for an effective overrunning clutch.
  • Having the alternating magnetic orientation may also have the added benefit of helping prevent locked-up sprags from sliding around the inner shaft when large torques are being applied to the outer shaft in the lockup direction. This prevention of sliding may occur because, while the sprag is attracted to the shaft-magnet that it may be hinged to, it may be repelled by the adjacent shaft-magnet.
  • the sprag-magnets may also, like the shaft- magnets, be rare-earth permanent magnets such as, but not limited to, to the Neodymium rare-earth permanent magnets supplied by, for instance, K&J Magnetics, Inc. of Pipersville, PA.
  • the magnets may be rectangular shaped, rare-earth block permanent magnets made of alloys that include Neodymium, and have a pull-force of between 0.5 lbs. and 5 lbs.
  • the size of the magnets and their pull force may be selected based on the size of the shaft diameters and the magnitude of the torque forces being transmitted.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-section of an exemplary spiral sprag.
  • the spiral shown in Figure 3 is an Archimedean spiral 220.
  • the spiral sprag 215 may, as shown in Figure 3, incorporate a first portion 225 of a spiral and a second portion 230 of the same spiral.
  • Such spiral sprags are well-known and well understood.
  • the Archimedean spiral may be represented in polar form by the equation:
  • f(0) represents some function of ⁇ such as, but not limited to, ⁇ 2 or 1 ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic cross-section of one embodiment of a pseudo-spiral sprag of the present invention.
  • spirals may be mathematically represented very elegantly in polar coordinates, they are more cumbersome to represent and manipulate in the Cartesian coordinates generally used in CAD/CAM design and machining software. For these, and other, reasons, it may be useful to design sprags that are pseudo-spirals and made up of regions having arcs that are each a part of a circle but with the different parts being from circles having different radii.
  • the pseudo-spiral 235 shaped cross-section shown in Figure 4 is, for instance, made up of three arcs, the arc defining the initial surface 250, the arc defining the mid-surface 240 and the arc defining the final surface 260.
  • the pseudo-spiral 235 shaped cross-section shown in Figure 4 has the mid-surface radius 245, that defines the mid-surface 240 arc, set equal to half the difference between the first, external diameter 106 (Fig.2) and the second, internal diameter 112 (Fig. 2), of the shafts of the magnetically hinged, overrunning clutch.
  • the initial surface radius 255 may then be equal to half of the mid-surface radius 245 and the final surface radius 265 to twice the mid-surface radius 245.
  • pseudo-spiral 235 shaped cross-section designs may also be suitable for use as sprags.
  • any design in which the initial surface radius 255 is less than the mid- surface radius 245 and the final surface radius 265 is greater than the mid-surface radius 245, but less than or equal to twice the mid-surface radius 245, may function as a sprag in a magnetically hinged, overrunning clutch, albeit maybe with a different effectiveness or a different efficiency that those of the design illustrated in Figure 4.
  • Figure 5 shows a comparison of schematic cross-sections of an exemplary spiral sprag and an exemplary pseudo-spiral sprag.
  • the pseudo-spiral 235 shaped cross-section shown in Figure 5 is a 3-surface pseudo- spiral having radii of r, 2r and 4r, as discussed above and also shown in Figure 4.
  • Archimedean spiral shaped cross-section 270 shown as a dotted line in Figure 5, is an
  • Archimedean spiral that has been matched to have the same height in neutral orientation, i.e., when the top and bottom of the sprag are just in contact at both the top and the bottom with the shaft surfaces that they may be disposed between, as the pseudo-spiral to which it is being compared.
  • a pseudo-spiral cross section may, for instance, be made up of a spiral initial section 275, a spiral initial mid-section 280, a spiral final mid-section 285 and a pseudo- spiral final section 290.
  • the present invention has applicability in the field of engineering, particularly in applications where overrunning clutches are used such as, but not limited to, bicycle freewheels and backstop clutches on conveyor belts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un embrayage à roue libre à articulation magnétique. Des tenons contenant des aimants permanents aux terres rares, et agencés par paires d'orientation magnétique opposée, sont disposés à l'intérieur de l'espace entre la surface interne d'un arbre cylindrique circulaire creux et la surface externe d'un second arbre cylindrique circulaire de plus petit diamètre. Des paires d'aimants permanents aux terres rares encerclant le second arbre cylindrique sont disposées à la surface, ou juste en dessous de la surface, de l'arbre, et sont agencées par paires ayant une orientation magnétique alternée. Les tenons sont des cylindres ayant une section transversale en pseudo-spirale, et sont dimensionnés, et la région ferromagnétique est disposée, de telle sorte que, quand les tenons sont attirés vers les aimants d'arbre, le premier arbre peut être tourné par rapport au second arbre dans une première direction de rotation en roue libre, mais que le premier arbre ne tourne pas par rapport au second arbre dans une direction opposée, ou de verrouillage.
PCT/US2017/034001 2016-05-30 2017-05-23 Embrayage à roue libre à articulation magnétique WO2017210021A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662343044P 2016-05-30 2016-05-30
US62/343,044 2016-05-30
US201662439221P 2016-12-27 2016-12-27
US62/439,221 2016-12-27
US15/444,840 US9856928B2 (en) 2016-05-30 2017-02-28 Magnetically hinged overrunning clutch
US15/444,840 2017-02-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017210021A1 true WO2017210021A1 (fr) 2017-12-07

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ID=60477792

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2017/034001 WO2017210021A1 (fr) 2016-05-30 2017-05-23 Embrayage à roue libre à articulation magnétique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2017210021A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164234A (en) * 1960-11-21 1965-01-05 Garrett Corp Sprag clutch with electric energizer
US6997295B2 (en) * 2002-07-03 2006-02-14 Pederson Jack E Clutch having elements capable of independent operation
US7854305B2 (en) * 2005-01-18 2010-12-21 Schaeffler Kg Sprag
US20140291100A1 (en) * 2013-04-02 2014-10-02 Warner Electric Technology Llc Electromagnetic actuator for a bi-directional clutch

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164234A (en) * 1960-11-21 1965-01-05 Garrett Corp Sprag clutch with electric energizer
US6997295B2 (en) * 2002-07-03 2006-02-14 Pederson Jack E Clutch having elements capable of independent operation
US7854305B2 (en) * 2005-01-18 2010-12-21 Schaeffler Kg Sprag
US20140291100A1 (en) * 2013-04-02 2014-10-02 Warner Electric Technology Llc Electromagnetic actuator for a bi-directional clutch

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