WO2017208906A1

WO2017208906A1 - Cultivation system and cultivation method for solanaceae seedlings

Info

Publication number: WO2017208906A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/019234
Authority: WO
Inventors: 布施　順也; 徳呉; 中南　暁夫
Original assignee: 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社
Priority date: 2016-06-02
Filing date: 2017-05-23
Publication date: 2017-12-07
Also published as: AU2017274915A1; JP7129906B2; JP7238947B2; CN109152337B; JPWO2017208906A1; AU2017274915A8; CN109152337A; JP2022022299A

Abstract

Provided are a cultivation system and a cultivation method whereby Solanaceae seedlings with good qualities can be stably produced while minimizing growth disturbance caused by Corynebacterium sp. The cultivation system for seedlings of a Solanaceae plant is provided with a light emitting device, wherein: the light emitting device at least comprises a semiconductor light emitting device irradiating light in a wavelength range of 450-660 nm; and the UV strength in the wavelength range of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm of the light emitting device is 2.5 μW/cm² or greater on the cultivation surface of the seedlings. Preferably, the photosynthesis-effective photon flux density of the light emitting device is 50 μmol/m²/sec or greater when measured on the cultivation surface of the seedlings.

Description

Eggplant family seedling cultivation apparatus and cultivation method

The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for cultivating eggplant family seedlings, and more particularly, to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for suppressing a growth disorder when cultivating eggplant family seedlings.

In the past, the production of seedlings of various plants has been mainly in-house production by horticultural crop farmers. However, since the technology required for the production of seedlings of various plants is sophisticated, laborious and complicated, it has been changed to use purchased seedlings. This is due to the recent aging of farmers and the labor shortage, the horticultural crop farmer becoming a business enterprise and the expansion of the scale. Agriculture is labor-saving through the use of purchased seedlings and the production of horticultural crops. This is because there is a tendency toward specialization that only concentrates on it. Under these circumstances, the demand for purchased seedlings has increased in recent years, and the number of farmers who concentrate exclusively on seedling production and companies that are engaged in seedling production have increased.

Even if the seedling producer is a full-time farmer or a large-scale enterprise, the seedling production is (A) a method of producing using natural light outdoors, (B) a method of producing using natural light in a greenhouse, And (C) a method of producing in a closed environment (Patent Document 1 or 2). When seedlings were produced by the methods (A) and (B), they were greatly affected by the weather, particularly the amount of solar radiation. For example, there are some plants that have to be raised in a high-cold area to avoid seedling production due to intense solar radiation and high temperatures in summer. In addition, in the method (B), the greenhouse heats up due to strong solar radiation in the summer, making it difficult to produce seedlings smoothly, reducing the commercialization rate of seedlings, the operating rate of the greenhouse, and the like. To rise. Thus, seedling production and seedling quality are easily affected by the weather.

The seedling production method of (C) above is a closed type artificial environment equipped with an air conditioner, artificial light source, carbon dioxide fertilizer, and irrigation device in a structure closed with a heat insulating wall that does not transmit natural light. This is a method for producing high-quality seedlings. In a closed environment, the space required for seedling production is optimal for seedling growth under various environmental conditions such as light quality, light irradiation intensity, irradiation time, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, irrigation amount, fertilization concentration, etc. It is possible to adjust to a different state.

In recent years, it has begun to be reported that various growth disorders occur in the cultivation of eggplant seedlings as the production method (C) is spreading. Above all, as a growth disorder whose cause has not been clarified, a protruding hump occurs on the leaves or stems of seedlings, and when it becomes severe, the growth disorder causes symptoms such as leaf curl and leaf yellowing to leaf fall The so-called “fob” is now being reported.

JP 2001-346450 A JP 2008-212078 A

An object of the present invention is to provide a seedling cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method capable of solving the above-mentioned problems, suppressing a growth disorder “phyllobacteriosis”, and stably producing seedlings of a good eggplant family. And

As a result of repeated research to solve the above problems, the present inventor has a semiconductor lighting device that irradiates a wavelength region of at least 450 to 660 nm on the seedling cultivation surface, and has a wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm. It has been found that the use of an illuminating device having a UV intensity of 2.5 μW / cm ² or more suppresses gallbladder that occurs on leaves and stems of seedlings of the family Eggplant. The present invention is based on such knowledge and has the following gist.

[1] A cultivating apparatus equipped with an illuminating device for cultivating seedlings of plants belonging to the family Eggplant, which illuminating device includes a semiconductor illuminating device that irradiates light in a wavelength region of at least 450 to 660 nm, Is a seedling cultivation apparatus in which the UV intensity in the wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm on the seedling cultivation surface is 2.5 μW / cm ² or more.

[2] The seedling cultivation device according to [1], wherein the lighting device has a photosynthetic effective photon flux density of 50 μmol / m ² / sec or more measured on the seedling cultivation surface.

[3] The cultivation device is arranged in a closed structure, an air conditioner for air-conditioning the closed structure is provided, and an irrigation device for irrigating the seedlings is provided. The seedling cultivation apparatus according to [1] or [2].

[4] The seedling cultivation apparatus according to [3], wherein the humidity in the closed structure is 30 to 100%.

[5] The lighting device according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the UV intensity in a wavelength region of 295 nm to less than 320 nm on the seedling cultivation surface is 500 μW / cm ² or less.

[6] The lighting device has a ratio I ₁ / I between the UV intensity I _{1 in} the wavelength region of 295 nm to less than 320 nm on the seedling cultivation surface and the light intensity I _{2 in} the wavelength region of 450 to 660 nm on the seedling cultivation surface. The seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein ₂ is 0.0001 to 0.01.

[7] A seedling cultivation method for cultivating seedlings of the family Eggplant using the seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [6].

[8] The seedling cultivation method according to [7], wherein the seedling is a seedling of tomato, pepper or eggplant.

According to the eggplant seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention, gallbladder occurring on the leaves and stems of the eggplant family can be suppressed, and high-quality seedlings can be stably produced.

1a and 1b are horizontal sectional views of the cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment, FIG. 1a is a sectional view taken along line Ia-Ia in FIG. 2b, and FIG. 1b is a sectional view taken along line Ib-Ib in FIG. 2a is a sectional view taken along line IIa-IIa in FIG. 1a, and FIG. 2b is a sectional view taken along line IIb-IIb in FIG. 1a. FIG. 3 is a front view of the multi-shelf plant growing apparatus according to the embodiment. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the tray of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus according to the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the tray of FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the artificial illuminator. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX in FIG. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a tray of a multi-shelf plant growing apparatus according to another embodiment.

The seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention is for cultivating seedlings of plants belonging to the family Eggplant, and includes a lighting device. The illumination device includes a semiconductor illumination device that irradiates at least a wavelength region of 450 to 660 nm, and a UV intensity in a wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm on a seedling cultivation surface is 2.5 μW / cm ² or more.
In the present invention, “light intensity on the cultivation surface of the seedling” such as UV light (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “cultivation surface UV intensity” or “cultivation surface light intensity”) is a spectral irradiance at the position of the seedling leaf. This is a value measured by placing the light receiving surface of the meter horizontally and upward.
The irradiation time of the light to the seedling by the lighting device is preferably 8 to 20 hours per day, particularly about 12 to 18 hours.

Examples of eggplants include tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, paprika, shishito, chili pepper, habanero, jalapeno, and in particular tomato, bell pepper and eggplant, especially tomato.

Lighting apparatus used in the seedling culture apparatus of the present invention is cultivated surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of less than 320nm or 295nm is 2.5μW / cm ² or more, preferably 3.0μW / cm ² or more, 4. more preferably 0μW / cm ² or more, still more preferably 6.0μW / cm ² or more, and particularly preferably 10 .mu.W / cm ² or more. By setting the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm within the above range, gallbladder occurring on the leaves and stems of solanaceae seedlings can be suppressed, and normal seedlings can be stably produced. .

The upper limit of the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm is not particularly limited, but 500 μW / cm ² or less in consideration of damage to seedlings caused by ultraviolet rays and effects on the eyes and skin of workers during cultivation work Preferably, it is 400 μW / cm ² or less, more preferably 300 μW / cm ² or less, and particularly preferably 200 μW / cm ² or less.

The illumination device used in the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention preferably has a cultivation surface UV intensity of 0.5 μW / cm ² or more in a wavelength region of 320 nm or more, specifically 320 nm or more and less than 340 nm, and 1.0 μW. / Cm ² or more is more preferable, 1.5 μW / cm ² or more is further preferable, and 2.0 μW / cm ² or more is particularly preferable. By making the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 320 nm or more and less than 340 nm in the above range, gallbladder occurring on the leaves and stems of seedlings can be further suppressed.

Although the upper limit of the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 320 nm or more and less than 340 nm is not particularly defined, it may be 300 μW / cm ² or less in consideration of the effect on the eyes and skin of the worker during the cultivation operation. preferably, more preferably 250 .mu.W / cm ² or less, still more preferably 200μW / cm ² or less.

The illumination device used in the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention preferably has a cultivation surface UV intensity of 5.0 μW / cm ² or less at a wavelength of less than 295 nm, specifically, 280 nm or more and less than 295 nm, and 3.0 μW / cm ^2. Or less, more preferably 1.5 μW / cm ² or less, and particularly preferably 1.0 μW / cm ² or less. By setting the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 280 nm or more and less than 295 nm within the above range, UV damage such as curling, curling, and death of leaves can be suppressed due to damage to the seedling by ultraviolet rays.

The lower limit of the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 280 nm or more and less than 295 nm is not particularly limited, and is preferably closer to zero.

Lighting apparatus used in the seedling culture apparatus of the present invention is preferably cultivated surface light intensity of 450 ~ 660 nm wavelength region is 4000 W / cm ² or more, more preferably 4500μW / cm ² or more, 5000μW / cm ² or more is more preferable, and 6000 μW / cm ² or more is particularly preferable. Further, it is preferable that there is no wavelength region in which the light intensity is zero in the wavelength region of 450 to 660 nm. By setting the cultivation surface light intensity at a wavelength of 450 to 660 nm within the above range, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of gallbladder on the leaves and stems of the seedlings, and to suppress abnormal morphogenesis of the seedlings. Can be cultivated more stably.

The upper limit of the cultivation surface light intensity of the wavelength 450 ~ 660 nm is not particularly limited, from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of growth disorders such as leaf scorch, is preferably 60000μW / cm ² or less, 50000μW / cm ² or less More preferably, it is more preferably 40000 μW / cm ² or less, and particularly preferably 30000 μW / cm ² or less.

The illumination device used in the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention has a value of the ratio K between the cultivation surface UV intensity I ₁ in the wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm and the cultivation surface light intensity I ₂ in the wavelength region of 450 to 660 nm, It is preferably 1/10000 to 1/100, that is, 0.0001 to 0.01. By setting K to the above range, it is possible to cultivate more normal seedlings while suppressing the occurrence of gallbladder to the leaves and stems of seedlings and suppressing abnormalities in morphogenesis of seedlings. It is preferable. K is represented by the following formula.
K = I ₁ / I ₂

The lighting device used in the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention includes a semiconductor lighting device that emits light in a wavelength region of at least 450 to 660 nm. The semiconductor lighting device preferably has a first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480 nm. By having the first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480 nm, it is possible to suppress the internode elongation of the seedling and to grow a solid seedling with a short hypocotyl.

The semiconductor lighting device preferably has a second emission peak wavelength in the range of 500 to 620 nm, more preferably in the range of 500 to 610 nm, and still more preferably in the range of 500 to 600 nm. The second emission peak wavelength preferably has a full width at half maximum of 100 nm or more, more preferably 120 nm or more, and still more preferably 140 nm or more. By setting the second emission peak wavelength of the semiconductor lighting device in the above range, it is possible to suppress abnormal formation of seedling morphogenesis and to cultivate normal seedlings more efficiently.

The seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention may be an illumination apparatus that irradiates the UV light described above with at least some of the illumination apparatuses. For example, all of the illumination devices to be used may be illumination devices having the above-described UV irradiation function, and among the illumination devices to be used, some of the illumination devices have the above-described UV irradiation function, and the remaining illuminations The apparatus may not have the UV irradiation function described above. You may use together the illuminating device with high UV intensity, and the illuminating device with low UV intensity or not irradiating UV light.

In the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the photosynthetic effective photon flux density measured on the cultivation surface of the seedling is preferably 50 μmol / m ² / sec or more, more preferably 100 μmol / m ² / sec or more. More preferably, it is 200 μmol / m ² / sec or more. By setting the photosynthesis effective photon flux density on the cultivated surface to the above lower limit or more, photosynthesis of seedlings can be made more efficient, and the occurrence of gallbladder can be further suppressed, which is preferable.

The lighting device used in the seedling cultivation device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a lighting device such as a fluorescent lamp, organic EL that is semiconductor lighting, a laser, or an LED can be used. Considering the power consumption and the point that finer wavelength control is easy, it is preferable to use an LED.

It is preferable that the cultivation apparatus is provided in an enclosed structure, includes an air conditioner that air-conditions the closed structure, and an irrigation apparatus that irrigates the seedling.

The humidity in the closed structure is preferably in the range of 30 to 100%, more preferably in the range of 40 to 99%, and still more preferably in the range of 40 to 95%. By setting the humidity in the closed structure within the above range, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of various growth disorders that occur in the seedlings of the eggplant family.

In one aspect of the present invention, the seedling cultivation apparatus has a growing module whose front surface is open, and the growing module arranges growing seedling shelves in multiple stages to form a raising seedling space.

A preferred embodiment of such a cultivation apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 1a and 2b, a plurality of box-shaped (six in the illustrated example) multi-stage shelf-type plants are grown in a room of a closed type building structure 1 surrounded by a heat insulating wall and made completely light-shielding. Devices (seedling growing modules) 3 to 8 are installed. The room 1 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and a door 2 is provided on one short-side wall surface 1i.

In this embodiment, the three multi-stage shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 are arranged in a row so that their open front faces in the same direction, and the three multi-stage shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 6 to 8 are also arranged. One row is arranged so that the open front faces in the same direction, and two rows are arranged in the room so that the open front faces each other. Hereinafter, the extending direction (longitudinal direction of the room) of the rows of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 is referred to as the Y direction, and the short direction of the room (multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and the multistage stage). The direction in which the shelf-type plant growing devices 6 to 8 face each other is sometimes referred to as the X direction. Between these two rows of multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8, a space A is provided so that one or a plurality of workers can work. A space B having a width of about 50 to 500 mm is provided between the

longitudinal wall surfaces

1j and 1k of the room and the back surfaces of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8, and passes through the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8. Air passages are formed.

一端 One end of the row of the multi-shelf plant growing devices 3-5, 6-8 is in contact with the building wall 1h on the opposite side of the door 2. The other end side of the row of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5, 6 to 8 is slightly separated from the wall surface 1i on the door 2 side.

When the heated air flows into the space A from the separation space of the wall surface 1i on the door 2 side described above, a control plate for suppressing this flow can be provided at an appropriate place.

It is preferable to install an air curtain inside the door 2 for entering / exiting the room because the outside air can be prevented from entering when the operator enters / exits.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each of the multistage shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 includes a pedestal 3c, left and right side panels 3a, a back panel 3b on the back, and a top panel 3e on the zenith, and the front is open. It has a box-shaped structure. Inside the box-shaped structure, a plurality of seedling racks 12 are arranged in multiple stages at regular intervals in the vertical direction.

The height of each multi-stage shelf type plant growing device 3 to 8 is about 2000 mm, which is high enough for the operator to work, and the width of the seedling shelf 12 is a grid of tens to hundreds of cells (small bowls). A plurality of resin cell trays arranged in a line can be placed side by side, and the temperature and humidity of the upper space of each shelf 12 can be adjusted to a constant width, for example, about 1000 mm to 2000 mm, and the depth of the seedling rack 12 is 500 mm to The thickness is preferably 1000 mm. A plurality of cell trays 40 (see FIG. 1b) are placed almost horizontally on each seedling shelf 12. The size of one cell tray is generally about 300 mm in width and about 600 mm in depth.

The bottom nursery shelf 12 is placed on the pedestal 3c. The adjuster (not shown) provided on the pedestal 3c is configured so that the level of the seedling rack 12 can be adjusted.

Each seedling shelf 12 is provided with a watering device 30 described later.

Artificial illuminators 13 are installed on the lower surfaces of the seedling shelves 12 and the top panel 3e that are the second and higher tiers from the bottom, and light is emitted to the plants that grow on the cell tray 40 of the seedling shelves 12 directly below each artificial illuminator 13. It is configured to In this embodiment, the artificial illuminators 13 other than the uppermost part are attached to the lower surface of an irrigation tray 31 described later.

Details of the configuration of the artificial illuminator 13 are shown in FIGS. 8 is a bottom view of the artificial illuminator 13, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of FIG. The artificial illuminator 13 has a plurality of pairs (six pairs in this embodiment) of sockets 13b attached to the lower surface of the box 13a, and both ends of the fluorescent lamp 13c are attached to the

sockets

13b and 13b. A switch 13s is installed on the lower surface of the box 13a.

The box 13a is a box-like body having a top plate 13d and a bottom plate 13e, and the bottom plate 13e also serves as a reflector that reflects the light from the fluorescent lamp 13c. In this box 13a, a power supply unit 13g incorporating an electric circuit member 13f such as a ballast, an inverter, a constant current circuit, a constant voltage circuit, and a current limiting resistor is installed. In this embodiment, three power supply units 13g are provided between the fluorescent lamps 13c, that is, between the first and second fluorescent lamps 13c, between the third and fourth fluorescent lamps 13c, and 5th. It arrange | positions between the fluorescent lamps 13c of the row | line | column and the 6th row | line. Each power supply unit 13g is attached to the bottom plate 13e of the box 13a. A gap of about 3 to 30 mm is provided between each power supply unit 13g and the top plate 13d of the box 13a. In this artificial illuminator 13, heat generated by the power supply unit 13g is transmitted to the bottom plate 13e and is dissipated from the bottom plate 13e. That is, it is transmitted to the air flowing through the nursery space below the artificial illuminator 13. The heat from the fluorescent lamp 13c is also transmitted to this air flow.

Since there is a gap between the power supply unit 13g and the box top plate 13d, the heat transferred from the power supply unit 13g to the top plate 13d is extremely small. Therefore, the nutrient solution flowing on the irrigation tray 31 and the rhizosphere part of the plant planted in the cell tray 40 are prevented from being heated by the heat of the artificial illuminator 13.

As shown in FIG. 4, vents are provided in the rear panel 3 b behind each of the nursery shelves 12 and between the uppermost nursery shelves 12 and the top panel 3 e (nursing seedling space). An air fan 15 is attached to each.

It is preferable to provide the air fan 15 on the back side of each nursery space as described above, so that the airflow in the nursery space becomes uniform.

In the upper part of the room, an air conditioner 9 having a function of adjusting the temperature of the air in the room and circulating the temperature-controlled air according to the set conditions is installed. The air conditioner 9 includes an air conditioner body (air conditioner) 9A having a heat exchanger, and a wind direction control plate 10 attached to the lower surface of the air conditioner body 9A. The compressor of the air conditioner body 9 </ b> A is installed outside the building structure 1.

In this embodiment, the air conditioner main body 9A is located in the upper part of the center of the room in a plan view of the room. The intake port 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A is provided on the lower surface of the air conditioner main body 9A, and the wind direction control plate 10 is provided with an opening 10a at a position overlapping the intake port 9a.

The air conditioner body 9A is attached to the ceiling 1t of the building structure, and its side surface is exposed in the room. Air discharge ports 9b are respectively provided on the four side surfaces of the air conditioner main body 9A.

In the wind direction control plate 10, the peripheral portion of the opening 10a overlaps the periphery of the intake port 9a of the air conditioner body 9A. The opening 10a is the same size as or larger than the intake port 9a.

The wind direction control plate 10 is supported on the ceiling 1t by a hanging tool (not shown).

The one end side of the wind direction control plate 10 in the Y direction is in contact with the wall surface 1h. The other end side in the Y direction of the wind direction control plate 10 extends to the wall surface 1i side from the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8, but is slightly separated from the wall surface 1i. The upright plate 10r is erected over the entire length of the side portion on the other end side of the wind direction control plate 10, and the upper end of the upright plate 10r is in contact with the ceiling 1t.

The wind direction control plate 10 extends in the X direction between the ceiling 1t and the top surfaces of the multi-shelf plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8.

As shown in FIG. 2a, both ends of the wind direction control plate 10 in the X direction are vertically above the front of the space A side of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 6 to 8, or behind them. Located on the space B side. The horizontal distance L between both ends in the X direction of the wind direction control plate 10 and the front surfaces of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 may be 0 mm, preferably 30 mm or more, and more preferably 40 mm. As mentioned above, More preferably, it is 90 mm or more, More preferably, it is 140 mm or more.

In this embodiment, the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9 is between the X direction ends of the wind direction control plate 10 and the ceiling 1t. The air outlet 9f may overlap with the front surfaces of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 in a plan view of the cultivation apparatus, but is preferably located rearward by the distance L.

In this embodiment, the intake port 9a of the air conditioner body 9A serves as the air intake port of the air conditioner 9. The air inlet is located in front of the front surface of the multi-shelf-type plant growing devices 3 to 8, that is, on the space A side in a plan view of the cultivation device.

By operating the air fan 15, a circulating air flow as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2a is generated in the room. In other words, the air whose temperature is controlled by the air conditioner 9 is sucked into the nursery space of each stage of the nursery rack 12 from the space A on the open front side of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 and back from the air fan 15. It is discharged to the back of the panel 3b, rises through the space B between the back of the back panel 3b and the building wall, passes through the upper space C of the multi-shelf plant growing devices 3 to 8, and blows out from the air conditioner 9 After being mixed with the conditioned air and temperature-controlled, the space on the open front side of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 passes again between the wind direction control plate 10 and the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 A is blown out.

Further, a part of the air that is going to flow into the space A through the space between the wind direction control plate 10 and the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 passes through the opening 10a, and the intake port 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A. Then, after the temperature is adjusted, the air is blown out from the outlet 9f through the discharge port 9b.

As shown in FIGS. 1a to 2b, when two rows of multi-tiered plant growing devices 3 to 5 and multi-tiered plant growing devices 6 to 8 are arranged so that a work space is formed between them, The work space also functions as a space A for air circulation, and an effective circulation flow is formed.

When the circulating flow passes through each seedling space of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing device 3 to 8, water vapor evaporated from the irrigation device, medium, plant, etc., or heat released from the artificial illuminator 13 is accompanied by the circulating flow, By constantly circulating this circulating flow by adjusting the temperature with the air conditioner 9, the room can be maintained in a temperature and humidity environment that is optimal for plant growth. The flow rate of the air flowing through the nursery space is preferably 0.1 m / sec or more, more preferably 0.2 m / sec or more, and further preferably 0.3 m / sec or more. If the air flow rate is too high, there is a possibility that a problem may occur in plant growth, and therefore it is generally preferably 2.0 m / sec or less.

In this embodiment, airflow is passed from the front of the nursery space through the fan 15 to the space B on the back side of the shelf in a negative pressure state, but conversely, the airflow is passed from the back side of the shelf to the front side in a positive pressure state. Also good. However, the airflow in the nursery space becomes more uniform when flowing from the front side to the back side of the shelf in a negative pressure state.

In this embodiment, a shelf plate of each seedling shelf 12 is configured by the irrigation tray 31 of the irrigation device (bottom irrigation device) 30, and irrigation is performed from the bottom surface of the cell tray 40 placed on the irrigation tray 31. ing. A configuration example of the irrigation apparatus 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 is a plan view of the irrigation apparatus, FIG. 6 is a perspective view, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG.

The irrigation apparatus 30 includes a rectangular irrigation tray 31 having a bottom plate 31d with

side walls

31a, 31b, 31c standing on the rear side and the left and right sides. A drainage groove 32 is provided on the front side of the irrigation tray 31 without a side wall and connected to the bottom plate 31 d, and a drainage port 32 a is formed at one end of the drainage groove 32. The drainage groove 32 and the bottom plate 31 d are partitioned by a weir 34, and the nutrient solution flows into the drainage groove 32 from the notches 34 a at both ends of the weir 34. A water supply pipe 33 for supplying nutrient solution into the irrigation tray 31 is provided along the side wall 31 a on the rear side of the irrigation tray 31, and the nutrient solution is supplied to the tray from a plurality of small holes 33 a provided in the water supply pipe 33. 31 is supplied.

A plurality of ribs 35 having a height of about 7 mm extend in parallel to each other toward the drainage grooves 32 on the upper surface of the irrigation tray bottom plate 31d, and the cell tray 40 is placed on these ribs 35. ing.

In the irrigation apparatus 30, as shown in FIG. 4, when the irrigation tray 31 is placed on the seedling rack 12 of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatus 3-8, the drainage groove 32 protrudes from the open front of the growing apparatuses 3-8. It is a dimension. By projecting the drainage groove 32 from the open front surface of the growing device, the nutrient solution discharged from the drainage port 32a of the drainage groove 32 of the irrigation tray 31 placed on each stage of the seedling rack 12 is collected to the outside of the building structure 1 It becomes easy to discharge.

When the nutrient solution is continuously supplied from the small hole 33a provided in the water supply pipe 33 of the irrigation apparatus 30, the nutrient solution is blocked by the weir 34 and accumulated to a predetermined water level to be in a pool state. While supplying the nutrient solution from the water supply pipe 33, the nutrient solution gradually flows out from the notch 34 a into the drainage groove 32. It is preferable to maintain a pool state with a water level of, for example, about 10 to 12 mm in the irrigation tray 31 by adjusting the nutrient solution supply amount and the outflow amount from the notch 34a. Water is sucked up by the capillary action from the cell hole 42 formed on the bottom surface of each cell 41 of the cell tray 40 placed on the rib 35 to the medium in the cell, and the medium in all the cells 41 becomes water in a short time. It becomes saturated.

The artificial illuminator 13 is attached to the lower surface of the bottom plate 31d of the irrigation tray 31. In this embodiment, the top plate 13d of the box 13a of the artificial illuminator 13 is in direct contact with the lower surface of the irrigation tray 31, but a spacer or a heat insulating material may be interposed.

In this irrigation apparatus 30, the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d of the irrigation tray 31 is inclined in the direction of the drainage groove 32 as shown in FIG. Thereby, the nutrient solution can be discharged to the drain groove 32 in a short time when irrigation is stopped. Further, when the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d is inclined, the height of the rib 35 is changed so that the top portion 35a of the rib becomes horizontal, whereby the cell tray 40 placed on the rib 35 is horizontally placed. Can be retained.

FIG. 10 shows another example of the irrigation apparatus used in the present invention. The same members as those in FIGS. 5 to 7 are given the same reference numerals. In this irrigation apparatus 30 ′, when the cell tray 40 is placed on the bottom plate 31 d of the irrigation tray 31, the under tray 50 is interposed between the bottom plate 31 d and the cell tray 40. The under tray 50 has such a rigidity that it can support the cell tray 40 in which the culture medium is put in each cell 41. A plurality of small holes 51 are formed on the bottom wall surface, and a plurality of small holes 51 are formed on the back surface. The projection 52 is formed. These protrusions 52 function as gap holding means for holding a gap between the bottom plate 31 d and the bottom surface of the cell tray 40 when the cell tray 40 is accommodated in the irrigation tray 31 together with the under tray 50.

Also in the irrigation apparatus 30 ′ of FIG. 10, when the nutrient solution is supplied from the water supply pipe 33 and becomes a pool state at a predetermined water level, the nutrient solution is guided into the under tray 50 from the small hole 51 of the under tray 50. Water is sucked up by the capillary action from the cell hole 42 formed on the bottom surface of each cell 41 of the cell tray 40 to the medium in the cell.

Also in FIG. 10, the artificial illuminator 13 is attached to the lower surface of the bottom plate 31d of the irrigation tray 31.

As described above, the cell tray 40 placed on the irrigation tray 31 is formed by arranging several tens to several hundreds of cells 41 in a lattice shape and integrating them into a tray shape. Although it is set as 300 mm and depth is around 600 mm, it is not limited to this.

A room in which a liquefied carbon dioxide cylinder 16 is installed outside the building structure 1 and measured by a carbon dioxide concentration measuring device, as shown in FIGS. Carbon dioxide gas is supplied from the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 16 so that the carbon dioxide gas concentration in the inside becomes constant.

By cultivating seedlings using this seedling cultivation device, it is possible to automatically adjust environmental conditions such as light quantity, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide gas, and moisture suitable for seedling growth. Moreover, since all the seedlings in each nursery shelf can grow under the same environment, the uniformity of the obtained seedling quality can be enhanced.

In this embodiment, since the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9 is 30 mm or more behind the front of the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8, the multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8 (growth modules) are installed. The air that has passed through and warmed and the air that has been cooled by the air conditioner 9 are mixed into the space A. As a result, the air flowing into the space A becomes air of a uniform temperature and is taken into the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 8.

When the air cooled by the air conditioner 9 flows directly into the space A, since the partially cold air is taken in from the front of the multi-shelf plant growing devices 3 to 8, the temperature between the multi-shelf plant growing devices 3 to 8 is increased. As a result, uneven plant growth occurs and plant growth is not uniform.

In this embodiment, since the air conditioner main body 9 and the wind direction control plate 10 are integrated, it is preferable that a large number of duct pipes and the like need not be installed.

In this multi-stage shelf type plant growing apparatus, the heat of the artificial illuminator 13 is transmitted to the box bottom plate 13e which also serves as a reflector, and is transmitted from the bottom plate 13e to the air flowing through the seedling raising space. The heat transferred from the artificial illuminator 13 to the upper irrigation tray 31 is extremely small. Therefore, the temperature of the nutrient solution on the irrigation tray 31 is controlled within a predetermined range.

In the present invention, the ratio Wb / Wa between the total cooling capacity (Wb) of all the air conditioners 9 and the total power consumption (Wa) of all the lighting devices (fluorescent lamps 13c in the above embodiment) is 1 or more and 5 Is preferably 1 or more, 4 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or more and 2 or less. By setting Wb / Wa in the above range, the environment in the enclosed space can be kept appropriate and constant, and further, the environmental change due to the on / off of the air conditioning can be reduced. When the power consumption per lighting device such as a fluorescent lamp is Ws, the number of lighting devices is n, the cooling capacity of one air conditioning device is Wk, and the number of installed air conditioning devices is m, Wb / Wa Is represented by A in the following formula.

A = Wb / Wa
= (Wk × m) / (Ws × n)
m: Number of air conditioners (base)
n: Number of lighting devices (pieces)

The above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the size of the room of the closed type building structure and the number of installed multi-stage shelf type plant growing devices may be other than the above. In addition, the air conditioner main body may be installed other than the central portion. Although two or more air conditioner main bodies may be installed, it is preferable that the number is as small as possible.

Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples will be described. In the following examples and comparative examples, using the seedling cultivation apparatus having the structure shown in FIGS. 1a to 9, the humidity in the closed building structure is set to be 30 to 100%, and the tomato seedlings are prepared. Cultivated.

[Measurement of UV intensity, light intensity, photosynthesis effective photon flux density]
Using a spectral irradiance meter (product name: S-2431 model II) manufactured by Soma Optical Co., Ltd., UV intensity, light intensity, and photosynthetic effective photon flux density in the range of each wavelength region on the cultivation surface were measured. Measurement was performed by placing the light-receiving surface of the spectral irradiance meter horizontally upward at the position of the leaves of the seedlings.

[Seedling growth evaluation]
Using the seedling cultivation apparatus using the lighting device under the conditions shown in Table 1, the lighting was turned on for 16 hours per day, and the tomato seedlings were grown for 12 days. The growth state was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.
VG (very good): no occurrence of gallbladder.
G (good): Occurrence of mild gallbladder is observed in some seedlings. (Protruded humps appear on some seedling leaves, but the severity is slight, and the leaves are not severely yellowed or fallen.)
NG (poor): Many seedlings have gallbladder and severe symptoms are observed. (Many seedlings have protruding bumps, curling leaves, severe yellowing, and falling leaves.)

<Examples 1 to 7, Comparative Examples 1 to 4>
Two multi-shelf multi-shelf plant growing devices 3 are installed in a completely closed space in a closed building structure 1 (internal dimensions: depth 450 cm, width 300 cm, height 240 cm), and tomato Seedlings were cultivated (size of cell tray 40: depth 60 cm, width 30 cm). As the air conditioner, one air conditioner having a cooling capacity of 14 kW was installed, and the lighting device used was a lighting device having the wavelength characteristics shown in Table 1 on the plant cultivation surface. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.

As shown in Table 1, Examples 1, 2, and 7 did not develop lobulation, and could grow seedlings in a very good growth state. In Examples 3 to 6, although gallbladder was slightly developed, it did not lead to yellowing of leaves or defoliation, but only mild symptoms were observed. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 where the UV intensity of the cultivated surface of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm was lower than 2.5 μW / cm ² , good results were not obtained. Specifically, in Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4, gallbladder develops, severe growth failure occurs that leaves yellow and leaves fall, and Comparative Example 3 has a high UV intensity of less than 295 nm. Together, the result was that the leaves shrunk and died.

The above-described embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention may be configured other than illustrated.
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-1111043 filed on Jun. 2, 2016, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Closed-type building structure 3-8 Multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus

3a Side panel

3b Back panel 3c Base 3e Top panel 9 Air conditioner 9A Air conditioner main body

9a Intake port

9b Discharge port 9f Outlet 10 Wind direction control board 10a Opening 12 Nursery shelf 13 Artificial illuminator 13a Box 13b Socket

13c Fluorescent lamp

13d Top plate

13e Bottom plate 13f Electric circuit member 13g Power supply unit 13s Switch 15 Air fan 16 Carbon dioxide gas cylinder 30, 30 'Irrigation device 31 Irrigation tray 31d Bottom plate 32 Drainage slot 32a 33 Water supply pipe 33a Small hole 34 Weir 34a Notch 35 Rib 40 Cell tray 41 Cell 42 Cell hole 50 Under tray 51 Small hole 52 Projection

Claims

A cultivation device equipped with a lighting device for cultivating seedlings of plants of the eggplant family,
The illumination device includes a semiconductor illumination device that emits light in a wavelength region of at least 450 to 660 nm,
The said illuminating device is a seedling cultivation apparatus whose UV intensity | strength of the wavelength range of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm in a seedling cultivation surface is 2.5 microwatts / cm < 2 > or more.
The seedling cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein the lighting device has a photosynthetic effective photon flux density of 50 μmol / m 2 / sec or more as measured on the seedling cultivation surface.
The cultivation device is arranged in a closed structure,
An air conditioner for air conditioning the closed structure is provided;
The seedling cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an irrigation apparatus for irrigating the seedling is provided.
The seedling cultivation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the humidity in the closed structure is 30 to 100%.
The seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the illumination device has a UV intensity of 500 μW / cm 2 or less in a wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm on a seedling cultivation surface.
The lighting device has a ratio I 1 / I 2 between the UV intensity I 1 in the wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm on the seedling cultivation surface and the light intensity I 2 in the wavelength region of 450 to 660 nm on the seedling cultivation surface. The seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is 0.0001 to 0.01.
A seedling cultivation method for cultivating seedlings of an eggplant family using the seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
The seedling cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the seedling is a seedling of tomato, pepper or eggplant.