JPWO2017208906A1 - Seedling cultivation apparatus and cultivation method of eggplant family - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided a seedling cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method in which a growth disorder "lobb" is suppressed and seedlings of a high quality family are stably produced. An apparatus for cultivating seedlings of plants of a family of eggplants, comprising: a semiconductor illumination apparatus for emitting light in a wavelength range of at least 450 to 660 nm, the illumination apparatus comprising: The seedling cultivation apparatus whose UV intensity of a wavelength area of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm in a cultivation side of 2.5 is 2.5 microwatts / cm2 or more. The illumination device preferably has a photosynthetically active photon flux density measured on the cultivation surface of the seedlings of 50 μmol / m 2 / sec or more.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for cultivating seedlings of an eggplant family, and more particularly to a cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for suppressing a growth disorder when cultivating seedlings of an eggplant family.

  In the past, in the case of horticultural crop farmers, in-house production has been mainstream for the production of seedlings of various plants. However, the technology required for the production of seedlings of various plants is advanced and time-consuming and complicated, and therefore, it has been changed to use purchased seedlings. This is due to the aging of farmers and the shortage of labor in recent years, the progress of industrialization and expansion of horticultural crop farmers, and agriculture is labor saving by using purchased seedlings, and production of horticultural crops. This is because the tendency of professionalization to concentrate only on is progressing at the same time. Under these circumstances, in recent years, the demand for purchased seedlings has been increasing, and farmers who are dedicated to only seedling production and companies that are engaged in seedling production are also increasing.

  Even if the seedling producer is a full-time farmer or a large-scale company, the production of seedlings is (A) a method of producing using natural light outdoors, (B) a method of producing using natural light in a greenhouse, And (C) a method of producing in a closed environment (Patent Document 1 or 2) or the like. When producing seedlings by the methods of (A) and (B), it was greatly affected by the weather, particularly the amount of solar radiation. For example, strong sunlight and high temperatures in summer make seedling production difficult, and some plants have to be raised in the highlands to avoid it. Moreover, in the method (B), the temperature in the greenhouse becomes high due to strong solar radiation in the summer, making it difficult to produce seedlings properly, the rate of commercialization of seedlings, the rate of operation of the greenhouse, etc. decrease and, consequently, the cost of producing seedlings To rise. Thus, seedling production and seed quality are susceptible to the weather.

  The above-mentioned seedling production method (C) is a closed type artificial environment equipped with an air conditioner, an artificial light source, a carbon dioxide gas fertilizing device and a watering device in a structure closed by an insulating wall which does not transmit natural light. Is a method of producing high quality seedlings. In a closed environment, the space required for seedling production is optimal for seedling growth under various environmental conditions such as light quality, light irradiation intensity, irradiation time, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, irrigation volume, fertilization concentration, etc. It is possible to adjust to the

  In recent years, it has also been reported that various growth disorders occur in the growing of the production method of the above (C) even in the cultivation of the seedlings of the eggplant family. Among them, as the growth disorder whose cause is not clear, there are protuberance-like bumps on the leaves and stems of the seedling, and when it becomes severe, the growth disorder in which symptoms such as leaf frizzling and leaf yellowing to deciduous leaves are seen That is, so-called “lobb” has come to be reported.

JP 2001-346450 A JP, 2008-212078, A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a seedling cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method capable of solving the above-mentioned problems and suppressing the growth disorder "lobb" and stably producing a high quality nursery of a family. I assume.

As a result of repeated researches to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has provided a semiconductor lighting device for irradiating a wavelength range of at least 450 to 660 nm in the cultivation aspect of seedlings, and the wavelength range of 295 nm to less than 320 nm. It has been found that, by using a lighting device having a UV intensity of 2.5 μW / cm ² or more, the leaf blight caused on the leaves and stems of the seedlings of the eggplant family is suppressed. The present invention is based on such findings and has the following gist.

[1] A cultivation apparatus provided with an illumination apparatus for cultivating seedlings of a plant of the family of the eggplant family, the illumination apparatus including a semiconductor illumination apparatus for emitting light in a wavelength range of at least 450 to 660 nm, the illumination apparatus The seedling cultivation apparatus whose UV intensity of a wavelength range of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm in a cultivation side of a seedling is 2.5 microwatts / cm < ² > or more.

[2] The seedling cultivation apparatus according to [1], wherein the lighting device has a photosynthetically active photon flux density measured on the cultivation surface of the seedling of 50 μmol / m ² / sec or more.

[3] The cultivating apparatus is disposed in a closed structure, an air conditioner for air conditioning the inside of the closed structure is provided, and a watering device for watering the seedlings is provided. 1) or the seedling cultivation apparatus as described in [2].

[4] The apparatus for cultivating seedlings according to [3], wherein the humidity in the closed structure is 30 to 100%.

[5] The seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the illumination device has a UV intensity of 500 μW / cm ² or less in a wavelength range of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm on a cultivation surface of seedlings.

[6] The lighting device has a ratio I ₁ / I of UV intensity I _{1 in} a wavelength range of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm on the cultivation surface of seedlings and light intensity I _{2 in} a wavelength range of 450 to 660 nm in the cultivation surface of seedlings. The seedling cultivation apparatus in any one of [1]-[5] whose ₂ is 0.0001-0.01.

[7] A method for cultivating seedlings of an eggplant family using the apparatus for cultivating seedlings according to any one of [1] to [6].

[8] The method for cultivating seedlings according to [7], wherein the seedlings are seedlings of tomatoes, peppers or eggplants.

  According to the nursery cultivation apparatus of the present invention of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the gallbing caused on the leaves and stems of the seedlings of the eggplant family and stably produce high quality seedlings.

1a and 1b are horizontal cross-sectional views of the culture apparatus according to the embodiment, FIG. 1a is a cross-sectional view taken along line Ia-Ia of FIG. 2b, and FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view taken along line Ib-Ib of FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIa-IIa of FIG. 1a, and FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIb-IIb of FIG. 1a. FIG. 3: is a front view of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus which concerns on embodiment. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. FIG. 5: is a top view of the tray of the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus which concerns on embodiment. 6 is a perspective view of the tray of FIG. 5; 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the artificial illuminator. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a tray of a multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus according to another embodiment.

An apparatus for cultivating seedlings according to the present invention is for cultivating seedlings of plants of an eggplant family, and includes a lighting device. The illumination device comprises a semiconductor illumination device for irradiating a wavelength region of at least 450 to 660 nm, and the UV intensity in the wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm on the seedling cultivation surface is 2.5 μW / cm ² or more.
In the present invention, “light intensity on the cultivation surface of the seedling” such as UV light (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “cultivation surface UV intensity” or “cultivation surface light intensity”) is the spectral irradiance at the seedling leaf position. It is a value measured by arranging the light receiving surface of the meter horizontally and upward.
The irradiation time of the light to the seedlings by the lighting device is preferably 8 to 20 hours per day, particularly about 12 to 18 hours.

  The plants of the family of the family of the eggplant include tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, paprika, peppers, peppers, peppers, habanero, jalapenos, etc. Particularly preferred are tomatoes, peppers and eggplants, especially tomatoes.

Lighting apparatus used in the seedling culture apparatus of the present invention is cultivated surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of less than 320nm or 295nm is 2.5μW / cm ² or more, preferably 3.0μW / cm ² or more, 4. more preferably 0μW / cm ² or more, still more preferably 6.0μW / cm ² or more, and particularly preferably 10 .mu.W / cm ² or more. By setting the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength range of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm to the above range, it is possible to suppress the gallbing caused on the leaves and stems of the eggplant seedlings and stably produce normal seedlings. .

The upper limit of the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm is not particularly limited, but considering the damage to seedlings by ultraviolet light and the influence on the eyes and skin of workers during cultivation work, 500 μW / cm ² or less it is preferably, more preferably 400 W / cm ² or less, further preferably 300 [mu] W / cm ² or less, particularly preferably 200μW / cm ² or less.

The illumination device used in the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention preferably has a cultivation surface UV intensity of 0.5 μW / cm ² or more in a wavelength range of 320 nm or more, specifically 320 nm or more and less than 340 nm, 1.0 μW / more preferably cm ² or more, further preferably 1.5MyuW / cm ² or more, and particularly preferably 2.0MyuW / cm ² or more. By setting the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 320 nm or more and less than 340 nm to the above range, it is possible to further suppress the gallbing that occurs on the leaves and stems of the seedlings.

The upper limit of the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 320 nm or more and less than 340 nm is not particularly specified, but it is 300 μW / cm ² or less considering the influence on the eyes and skin of the worker during cultivation work preferably, more preferably 250 .mu.W / cm ² or less, still more preferably 200μW / cm ² or less.

The illumination device used in the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention preferably has a cultivation surface UV intensity of 5.0 μW / cm ² or less at a wavelength of less than 295 nm, specifically 280 nm or more and less than 295 nm, 3.0 μW / cm ² more preferably less, further preferably 1.5μW / cm ² or less, particularly preferably 1.0μW / cm ² or less. By setting the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 280 nm or more and less than 295 nm in the above range, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of UV damage such as curling, shrinking, and death of leaves due to damage to seedlings by ultraviolet light.

  The lower limit value of the cultivation surface UV intensity in the wavelength region of 280 nm or more and less than 295 nm is not particularly limited, and the closer to zero, the more preferable.

It is preferable that the cultivation surface light intensity of a 450-660 nm wavelength area is 4000 microwatts / cm < ² > or more, as for the illuminating device used with the seedling cultivation apparatus of this invention, it is more preferable that it is 4500 microwatts / cm < ² > or more, 5000 micrometers W / cm. more preferably ² or more, and particularly preferably 6000μW / cm ² or more. Moreover, it is preferable that there is no wavelength range where light intensity becomes zero in the wavelength range of 450 to 660 nm. By setting the cultivation surface light intensity at a wavelength of 450 to 660 nm in the above-mentioned range, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of abnormality in the morphogenesis of the seedling while suppressing the onset of leaf blight to the leaves and stems of the seedling. It becomes possible to grow more stably.

The upper limit of the cultivation surface light intensity of the wavelength 450~660nm is not particularly limited, from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of growth disorders such as leaf scorch, is preferably 60000μW / cm ² or less, 50000μW / cm ² or less Is more preferably 40000 μW / cm ² or less, and particularly preferably 30000 μmW / cm ² or less.

The illumination device used in the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention has a value of ratio K of cultivation surface UV intensity I ₁ in a wavelength range of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm and cultivation surface light intensity I ₂ in a wavelength range of 450 to 660 nm. It is preferable that it is 1/10000 to 1/100, ie, 0.0001 to 0.01. By setting K to the above-mentioned range, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of abnormality in seedling morphogenesis while cultivating a more normal seedling while suppressing the onset of leaf blight to the leaves and stems of the seedling And is preferable. K is represented by the following formula.
K = I ₁ / I ₂

  The illuminating device used by the seedling cultivation apparatus of this invention is equipped with the semiconductor illuminating device which irradiates the light of a wavelength range of at least 450-660 nm. The semiconductor lighting device preferably has a first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480 nm. By having the first emission peak wavelength in the range of 400 to 480 nm, it is possible to suppress internode elongation of the seedlings and grow seedlings having a short and stable hypocotyl.

  The semiconductor lighting device preferably has a second emission peak wavelength in the range of 500 to 620 nm, more preferably in the range of 500 to 610 nm, still more preferably in the range of 500 to 600 nm. The half width of the second emission peak wavelength is preferably 100 nm or more, more preferably 120 nm or more, and still more preferably 140 nm or more. By setting the second emission peak wavelength of the semiconductor lighting device in the above-described range, it is possible to suppress anomalous formation of seedlings and to grow normal seedlings more efficiently.

  The seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention may be an illumination device that emits UV light as described above in at least a part of the illumination devices. For example, all of the lighting devices used may be the lighting devices having the UV irradiation function described above, and among the lighting devices used, some lighting devices have the UV irradiation function described above, and the remaining lights The device may not have the UV irradiation function described above. An illuminator having a high UV intensity may be used in combination with an illuminator having a low UV intensity or not emitting UV light.

In the seedling cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the photosynthetically active photon flux density measured on the seedling cultivation surface is preferably 50 μmol / m ² / sec or more, and more preferably 100 μmol / m ² / sec or more More preferably, it is 200 μmol / m ² / sec or more. By setting the photosynthetically active photon flux density of the cultivation surface to the above lower limit or more, photosynthesis of seedlings can be made more efficient, and the occurrence of leaf canker can be further suppressed, which is preferable.

  The illuminating device used for the seedling cultivation apparatus of this invention is not specifically limited, A fluorescent lamp, organic EL which is semiconductor lighting, illuminating devices, such as a laser and LED, can be utilized. It is preferable to use an LED in consideration of the consumption of power and the ease of performing finer wavelength control.

  The cultivation apparatus is preferably provided with an air conditioner which is disposed in a closed type structure and which air-conditions the inside of the closed type structure, and is provided with a watering apparatus which waters the seedlings.

  The humidity in the closed structure is preferably in the range of 30 to 100%, more preferably in the range of 40 to 99%, and still more preferably in the range of 40 to 95%. By setting the humidity in the closed structure to the above-mentioned range, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of various growth disorders occurring in the seedlings of the eggplant family.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the seedling cultivating apparatus has a rearing module having a front surface open, and the rearing module arranges the nursery racks in multiple stages in the vertical direction to form a nursery housing space.

  With reference to FIGS. 1a-9 and 10, a preferred form of such a cultivation device is described. As shown in FIGS. 1a to 2b, a plurality of box-shaped (six in the illustrated example) multistage shelf-type plant breeding is carried out in the room of the completely light-shielding closed type building structure 1 surrounded by the heat insulating wall. Apparatus (seedling breeding module) 3-8 is installed. The room 1 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and the door 2 is provided on one of the short direction wall surfaces 1i.

  In this embodiment, three multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 5 are arranged such that their open fronts face in the same direction to form one row, and three multistage shelf type plant growing devices 6 to 8 are also The open fronts are arranged in one row so as to face the same direction, and the two rows are arranged in the room such that the open fronts face each other. Hereinafter, the extending direction (longitudinal direction of the room) of the row of multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3-5 and 6-8 is referred to as Y direction, and the short direction of the room (multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3-5 and multistage The direction in which the shelf type plant growing devices 6 to 8 face each other may be referred to as the X direction. A space A is provided between the two rows of multistage shelf plant growing devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 so that one or more workers can work. A space B having a width of about 50 to 500 mm is provided between the longitudinal wall surfaces 1j and 1k of the room and the back surface of each multistage shelf plant growing device 3 to 8 to pass through the multistage shelf plant growing device 3 to 8 Form an air passage.

  One end side of the row of multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 is in contact with the building wall surface 1 h on the opposite side to the door 2. The other end side of the row of multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 is slightly separated from the wall surface 1i on the door 2 side.

  In the case where the heated air flows into the space A from the separation space of the wall surface 1i on the side of the door 2 described above, a control plate for suppressing the flow may be provided at an appropriate place.

  It is preferable to install an air curtain inside the door 2 for entering and exiting the room, since it is possible to prevent outside air from entering when the operator enters and leaves.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus 3-8 has a pedestal 3c, side panels 3a on the left and right, a back panel 3b on the back and a top panel 3e on the top, and the front is open. It has a box-shaped structure. Inside the box-shaped structure, a plurality of nursery cabinets 12 are arranged in multiple stages at regular intervals in the vertical direction.

  The height of each multistage shelf type plant growing device 3 to 8 is about 2000 mm which is the height at which the operator can work, and the width of the nursery rack 12 is a lattice of several tens to several hundreds of cells (small pots) A plurality of resin cell trays arranged in a matrix can be placed side by side, and the temperature and humidity of the upper space of each shelf 12 can be adjusted to a constant width, for example, about 1000 mm to 2000 mm, and the depth of the nursery shelf 12 is 500 mm to It is preferable to set it as 1000 mm. A plurality of cell trays 40 (see FIG. 1 b) are placed almost horizontally on each nursery shelf 12. The dimensions of one cell tray are generally about 300 mm in width and about 600 mm in depth.

  The lowermost nursery tray 12 is placed on a pedestal 3c. The leveling of the nursery shelf 12 can be adjusted by an adjuster (not shown) provided on the pedestal 3c.

  Each of the nursery trays 12 is provided with a watering device 30 described later.

  The artificial luminaire 13 is installed on the lower surface of each second stage or more of the nursery cabinet 12 and the top panel 3e from the bottom, and light is irradiated to the plants grown in the cell tray 40 of the nursery cabinet 12 directly below each artificial illuminator 13. It is configured to In this embodiment, the artificial illuminators 13 other than the top are attached to the lower surface of a watering tray 31 described later.

  The details of the configuration of this artificial illuminator 13 are shown in FIGS. 8 is a bottom view of the artificial illuminator 13, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of FIG. The artificial illuminator 13 has a plurality of (six in this embodiment) sockets 13b attached to the lower surface of the box 13a, and both ends of a fluorescent lamp 13c attached to the sockets 13b and 13b. A switch 13s is installed on the lower surface of the box 13a.

  The box 13a is a box-like body having a top plate 13d and a bottom plate 13e, and the bottom plate 13e doubles as a reflection plate for reflecting the light of the fluorescent lamp 13c. In the box 13a, there is installed a power supply unit 13g incorporating an electric circuit member 13f such as a ballast, an inverter, a constant current circuit, a constant voltage circuit, and a current limiting resistor. In this embodiment, three power supply units 13g are disposed between the fluorescent lamps 13c, that is, between the fluorescent lamps 13c in the first and second columns, between the fluorescent lamps 13c in the third and fourth columns, and 5 It is arrange | positioned between the fluorescent lamp 13c of row | line | column and 6th row | line. Each power supply unit 13g is attached to the bottom plate 13e of the box 13a. A gap of about 3 to 30 mm is provided between each power supply unit 13g and the top plate 13d of the box 13a. In the artificial illuminator 13, heat generated by the power supply unit 13g is transmitted to the bottom plate 13e and dissipated from the bottom plate 13e. That is, it is transmitted to the air flowing through the nursery space under the artificial illuminator 13. The heat from the fluorescent lamp 13c is also transmitted to the air flow.

  Since there is a gap between the power supply unit 13g and the box top plate 13d, the heat transmitted from the power supply unit 13g to the top plate 13d is extremely small. Therefore, the nutrient solution flowing on the irrigation tray 31 and the root zone of the plant planted in the cell tray 40 are prevented from being warmed by the heat of the artificial illuminator 13.

  As shown in FIG. 4, vent holes are provided in the back panel 3b at the rear of the space (seedling raising space) between each nursery shelf 12 and between the uppermost stage nursery shelf 12 and the top panel 3e, and each vent The air fan 15 is attached to each.

  Thus, by providing the air fan 15 on the back side of each nursery space, the air flow in the nursery space becomes uniform, which is preferable.

  At the upper part of the room, an air conditioner 9 is installed which has a function of controlling the temperature and humidity of the air in the room and circulating the temperature-controlled air under the set conditions. The air conditioner 9 has an air conditioner main body (air conditioner) 9A having a heat exchanger, and a wind direction control plate 10 attached to the lower surface of the air conditioner main body 9A. The compressor of the air conditioner main body 9A is installed outside the building structure 1.

  In this embodiment, the air conditioner main body 9A is located at the top of the center of the room in plan view of the room. The intake port 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A is provided on the lower surface of the air conditioner main body 9A, and the wind direction control plate 10 is provided with an opening 10a at a position overlapping the intake port 9a.

  The air conditioner main body 9A is attached to a ceiling 1t of a building structure, and a side surface of the air conditioner main body 9A is exposed in a room. Air discharge ports 9b are provided on the four side surfaces of the air conditioner main body 9A.

  In the wind direction control plate 10, the peripheral portion of the opening 10a overlaps the periphery of the intake port 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A. The opening 10a is the same size as or larger than the inlet 9a.

  The wind direction control plate 10 is supported on the ceiling 1 t by a hanging tool (not shown).

  One end side of the wind direction control plate 10 in the Y direction is in contact with the wall surface 1 h. The other end side of the wind direction control plate 10 in the Y direction extends to the wall surface 1i side more than the multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 5 and 6 to 8, but is slightly separated from the wall surface 1i. A standing plate 10r is erected over the entire length of the side portion on the other end side of the wind direction control plate 10, and the upper end of the standing plate 10r is in contact with the ceiling 1t.

  The wind direction control plate 10 extends in the X direction to between the ceiling 1 t and the upper surfaces of the multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 8.

  As shown in FIG. 2a, both ends of the wind direction control plate 10 in the X direction are vertically above or in front of the front of the space A side of the multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3-5 and the multistage shelf type plant growing devices 6-8. It is located on the space B side. The horizontal distance L between both ends of the wind direction control plate 10 in the X direction and the front face of each multistage shelf type plant growing device 3 to 5 and 6 to 8 may be 0 mm, preferably 30 mm or more, more preferably 40 mm. The thickness is more preferably 90 mm or more, further preferably 140 mm or more.

  In this embodiment, the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9 is between the ceiling in 1t and both ends of the wind direction control plate 10 in the X direction. The blowout port 9f may overlap with the front surface of the multistage shelf-type plant growing device 3 to 8 in plan view of the growing device, but is preferably located rearward by the distance L more than that.

  In this embodiment, the intake port 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A is an air inlet of the air conditioner 9. This air inlet is located in the front, ie, the space A side, of the front of the multistage shelf type plant growing devices 3 to 8 in plan view of the growing device.

  By operating the air fan 15, a circulating flow of air as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2a is generated in the room. That is, the air temperature-controlled and temperature-controlled by the air conditioner 9 is sucked into the nursery space of each stage of the nursery 12 from the space A on the open front side of the multi-shelf type plant growing device 3-8, and the air fan 15 The air is discharged to the rear of the panel 3b, rises through the space B between the rear of the back panel 3b and the building wall, passes through the upper space C of the multistage shelf type plant growing device 3 to 8 and blows out from the air conditioner 9. After being mixed with the air to be adjusted in temperature, temperature and humidity, it passes between the wind direction control plate 10 and the multistage shelf plant growing device 3 to 8 again, and the space on the open front side of the multistage shelf plant growing device 3 to 8 again It is blown out to A.

  Further, a part of the air which is going to flow into the space A through the gap between the wind direction control plate 10 and the multistage shelf type plant growing device 3 to 8 passes through the opening 10a, and the intake port 9a of the air conditioner main body 9A. The air is sucked from the air conditioning chamber, temperature-controlled, and humidity-controlled, and then blown out from the blow-out port 9f through the discharge port 9b.

  As shown in FIGS. 1a to 2b, when two rows of multi-shelf-shelf type plant growing devices 3-5 and multi-shelf-shelf type plant growing devices 6-8 are arranged such that a work space is formed between them, The work space also functions as a space A for air circulation, and an effective circulation flow is formed.

  When the circulating flow passes through each nursery space of the multistage shelf type plant growing device 3-8, the water released from the watering device, the culture medium, the plants, etc. and the heat released from the artificial lighting device 13 are entrained in the circulating flow. By circulating and circulating this circulating flow with the air conditioner 9, it is possible to keep the inside of the room in a temperature and humidity environment optimum for plant growth. The flow rate of air flowing through the nursery space is preferably 0.1 m / sec or more, more preferably 0.2 m / sec or more, and still more preferably 0.3 m / sec or more. If the air flow speed is too fast, there is a possibility that a problem may arise in plant cultivation, so in general, the speed is preferably 2.0 m / sec or less.

  In this embodiment, the air flow is made to flow from the front of the nursery space through the fan 15 to the space B on the back side of the shelf under negative pressure, but conversely, the air flow is made to flow from the back side to the front under positive pressure It is also good. However, the flow of air in the nursery space is uniform when flowing from the front side to the back side of the shelf under negative pressure.

  In this embodiment, a shelf board of each nursery shelf 12 is constituted by a watering tray 31 of a watering device (bottom watering device) 30, and watering is performed from the bottom surface of a cell tray 40 placed on the watering tray 31. ing. A configuration example of the watering device 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 is a plan view of the irrigation apparatus, FIG. 6 is a perspective view, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII in FIG.

  The watering apparatus 30 includes a square watering tray 31 having a bottom plate 31d on which side walls 31a, 31b, 31c are erected on the rear side and both left and right sides. A drainage groove 32 is provided on the front side of the irrigation tray 31 without the side wall so as to be connected to the bottom plate 31 d, and a drainage port 32 a is formed at one end of the drainage groove 32. The drainage groove 32 and the bottom plate 31 d are separated by the weir 34, and the nutrient solution flows out to the drainage groove 32 from the notches 34 a at both ends of the weir 34. In addition, a water supply pipe 33 for supplying a nutrient solution into the irrigation tray 31 is provided along the side wall 31a on the rear side of the irrigation tray 31, and the nutrient solution is discharged from the plurality of small holes 33a provided in the water supply pipe 33 31 will be supplied on.

  A plurality of ribs 35 having a height of about 7 mm are provided on the upper surface of the irrigation tray bottom plate 31 d so as to extend parallel to each other toward the drainage grooves 32, and the cell tray 40 is placed on these ribs 35. ing.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when the irrigation tray 31 is placed on the growing tray 12 of the multistage shelf type plant growing device 3-8 as shown in FIG. 4, the drainage groove 32 protrudes from the open front of the growing device 3-8. It is assumed to be in size. By making the drainage ditch 32 project from the open front of the growing apparatus, the nutrient solution discharged from the drainage port 32 a of the drainage ditch 32 of the irrigation tray 31 placed on each stage of the nursery cabinet 12 is collected to the outside of the building structure 1 It becomes easy to discharge.

  When the nutrient solution is continuously supplied from the small hole 33a provided in the water supply pipe 33 of the irrigation apparatus 30, the nutrient solution is blocked by the weir 34, and is accumulated to a predetermined water level to be in a pool state. While the nutrient solution is being supplied from the water supply pipe 33, the nutrient solution little by little flows out from the notch 34a into the drainage groove 32. It is preferable to maintain a pool state of a water level of, for example, about 10 to 12 mm in the irrigation tray 31 by adjusting the amount of nutrient solution supplied and the amount of outflow from the notch 34a. Water is absorbed by capillary action from the cell hole 42 formed on the bottom of each cell 41 of the cell tray 40 placed on the rib 35 to the medium in the cell, and the medium in all the cells 41 becomes water in a short time It becomes saturated.

  The artificial illuminator 13 is attached to the lower surface of the bottom plate 31 d of the irrigation tray 31. In this embodiment, although the top plate 13d of the box 13a of the artificial illuminator 13 is in direct contact with the lower surface of the irrigation tray 31, a spacer or a heat insulating material may be interposed.

  In this irrigation apparatus 30, as shown in FIG. 7, the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d of the irrigation tray 31 is inclined in the direction of the drainage groove 32. Thereby, it is possible to drain the nutrient solution to the drainage groove 32 in a short time when the water supply is stopped. When the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d is inclined, the height of the rib 35 is changed to make the top portion 35a of the rib horizontal so that the cell tray 40 placed on the rib 35 is horizontal. Can be

  FIG. 10 shows another example of the watering apparatus used in the present invention, and the same members as those in FIGS. 5 to 7 have the same reference numerals. When the cell tray 40 is placed on the bottom plate 31 d of the watering tray 31 in the watering device 30 ′, the under tray 50 is interposed between the bottom plate 31 d and the cell tray 40. The undertray 50 has a rigidity enough to support the cell tray 40 containing the culture medium in each cell 41, and a plurality of small holes 51 are formed on the bottom wall surface thereof, and a plurality of small holes are formed on the back surface thereof. The projections 52 are formed. These protrusions 52 function as gap holding means for holding a gap between the bottom plate 31 d and the bottom surface of the cell tray 40 when the cell tray 40 and the under tray 50 are accommodated in the irrigation tray 31.

  Also in the irrigation apparatus 30 'of FIG. 10, when the nutrient solution is supplied from the water supply pipe 33 and the pool state of the predetermined water level is reached, the nutrient solution is led from the small holes 51 of the under tray 50 into the under tray 50. Water is absorbed by capillary action from the cell holes 42 formed in the bottom of each cell 41 of the cell tray 40 to the medium in the cell.

  Also in FIG. 10, the artificial illuminator 13 is attached to the lower surface of the bottom plate 31 d of the irrigation tray 31.

  As described above, the cell tray 40 placed on the irrigation tray 31 is formed by arranging several tens to several hundreds of cells 41 in a grid shape and integrated into a tray shape, and the dimension of one cell tray is the width The depth is about 300 mm and about 600 mm, but is not limited thereto.

  In order to artificially supply carbon dioxide that the seedlings consume in photosynthesis, as shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, a liquefied carbon dioxide gas cylinder 16 was installed outside the building structure 1, and a room measured by a carbon dioxide concentration measuring device Carbon dioxide gas is supplied from a carbon dioxide gas cylinder 16 so that the concentration of carbon dioxide gas therein becomes constant.

  By cultivating seedlings using this seedling cultivation apparatus, it is possible to automatically adjust environmental conditions such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide gas, moisture, etc. suitable for growing seedlings. In addition, since all the seedlings in each nursery rack can be grown under the same environment, it is possible to enhance the uniformity of the quality of the obtained seedlings.

  In this embodiment, the air outlet 9f of the air conditioner 9 is 30 mm or more behind the front of the multi-shelf type plant growing apparatus 3-8, so the multi-shelf type plant growing apparatus 3-8 (growth module) It flows into the space A in a state where the air passing through and the air cooled by the air conditioner 9 are mixed. Thereby, the air which flows in into space A turns into air of uniform temperature, and will be taken in in each multistage shelf type plant growing device 3-8.

  When the air cooled by the air conditioner 9 flows directly to the space A, partially cool air is taken in from the front of the multistage shelf plant growing apparatus 3 to 8, so the temperature between the multistage shelf plant growing apparatus 3 to 8 Unevenness occurs, and the growth of plants is not uniform.

  In this embodiment, since the air conditioner main body 9 and the wind direction control plate 10 are integrated, it is not necessary to install a large number of duct pipes and the like, which is preferable.

  In this multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus, the heat of the artificial illuminator 13 is transmitted to the box bottom plate 13e which also serves as a reflection plate, and is transmitted from the bottom plate 13e to the air flowing through the nursery space. The heat transmitted from the artificial illuminator 13 to the upper irrigation tray 31 is significantly less. Therefore, the temperature of the nutrient solution on the irrigation tray 31 is controlled within a predetermined range.

  In the present invention, the ratio Wb / Wa of the total cooling power (Wb) of all the air conditioners 9 to the total power consumption (Wa) of all the lighting devices (the fluorescent lamps 13c in the above embodiment) is 1 to 5 It is preferably the following, more preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, still more preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or more and 2 or less. By setting Wb / Wa in the above range, it is possible to keep the environment in the closed space properly and constant, and it is possible to further reduce the environmental change due to the on / off of the air conditioning. Assuming that the power consumption per lighting device such as a fluorescent lamp is Ws, the number of lighting devices is n, the cooling capacity of one air conditioner is Wk, and the number of installed air conditioners is m, Wb / Wa Is represented by A in the following formula.

A = Wb / Wa
= (Wk x m) / (Ws x n)
m: Number of air conditioners (base)
n: Number of lighting devices (pieces)

  The above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the size of the room of the closed type building structure and the number of installed multi-shelf shelf type plant growing devices may be other than the above. Also, the air conditioner main body may be installed at other than the central portion. Although two or more air conditioner main bodies may be installed, it is preferable to be as few as possible.

  Hereinafter, Examples and Comparative Examples will be described. In the following examples and comparative examples, the humidity in the closed building structure is set to be 30 to 100% using the seedling cultivation apparatus having the structure shown in FIGS. Grown.

[Measurement of UV intensity, light intensity, photosynthetically effective photon flux density]
Using a spectral irradiometer (product name: S-2431 model II) manufactured by Soma Optical Co., Ltd., the UV intensity, light intensity, and photosynthetically available photon flux density in the range of each wavelength region on the cultivation surface were measured. The light receiving surface of the spectral irradiometer was placed at the position of the leaf of the seedling in a horizontal upward direction.

[Growth assessment of seedlings]
Using a seedling cultivation apparatus using a lighting device under the conditions shown in Table 1, lighting was turned on for 16 hours per day, and tomato seedlings were grown for 12 days. The growth condition was evaluated based on the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.
VG (very good): No occurrence of gallbing is seen.
G (Good): Mild mildew is seen in some seedlings. (Protrusive bumps develop on the leaves of some seedlings, but the degree is slight, and no severe yellowing or defoliation is seen on the leaves.)
NG (defective): Many seedlings develop gallbladder and show severe symptoms. (Protrusive knurls occur on the leaves of many seedlings, and leaf curling, severe yellowing, and defoliation occur.)

Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4
Two 5-stage, three-shelf, multi-shelf-type plant growing devices 3 are installed in a completely enclosed space within a closed building structure 1 (internal size: depth 450 cm, width 300 cm, height 240 cm), Seedlings were grown (dimensions of cell tray 40: depth 60 cm, width 30 cm). The air conditioner installed one air conditioner having a cooling capacity of 14 kW, and the lighting device used a lighting device having the wavelength characteristics shown in Table 1 in terms of plant cultivation. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.

As shown in Table 1, Examples 1, 2 and 7 were able to cultivate seedlings in a very good growth state without causing leaf canker disease. Examples 3 to 6 slightly developed leaf gall but did not reach leaf yellowing or defoliation, resulting in slight symptoms. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in which the cultivation surface UV intensity of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm is lower than 2.5 μW / cm ² , good results were not obtained. Specifically, in Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 4, leaf gall disease develops, the leaves become yellow and serious growth disorders leading to defoliation occur, and Comparative Example 3 has a high ultraviolet intensity of less than 295 nm. Together, the result was that the leaves shrank and died.

The above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention may be in a form other than illustrated.
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-111043 filed on June 2, 2016, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 closed type building structure 3-8 multistage shelf type plant growing apparatus 3a side panel 3b back panel 3c pedestal 3e top panel 9 air conditioner 9A air conditioner main body 9a intake port 9b outlet 9f outlet 10 wind direction control plate 10a opening 12 Seedling nursery 13 Artificial light 13a Box 13b Socket 13c Fluorescent light 13d Top plate 13e Bottom plate 13f Electric circuit member 13g Power supply unit 13s Switch 15 Air fan 16 Carbon dioxide cylinder 30, 30 'Watering device 31 Watering tray 31d Bottom plate 32 Drain 32a Water outlet 33 water supply pipe 33a small hole 34 堰 34a notch 35 rib 40 cell tray 41 cell 42 cell hole 50 under tray 51 small hole 52 protrusion

Claims (8)

A cultivation apparatus provided with a lighting device for cultivating seedlings of plants of a family of eggplants, comprising:
The lighting device includes a semiconductor lighting device that emits light in the wavelength range of at least 450-660 nm,
The said illuminating device is a seedling cultivation apparatus whose UV intensity of a wavelength area | region of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm in a cultivation surface of a seedling is 2.5 microW / cm < ² > or more. The seedling cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illumination device has a photosynthetically active photon flux density measured on the cultivation surface of the seedling of 50 μmol / m ² / sec or more. The cultivation apparatus is arranged in a closed structure,
An air conditioner for air conditioning the inside of the closed type structure is provided.
The seedling cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a watering device for watering the seedlings.   The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the humidity in the closed structure is 30 to 100%. The seedling cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the illumination device has a UV intensity of 500 μW / cm ² or less in a wavelength range of 295 nm or more and less than 320 nm on a cultivation surface of a seedling. The lighting device, 295 nm or more at the cultivation surface of seedlings, the UV intensity _{I 1} in the wavelength region of less than 320 nm, the ratio _I 1 / _{I 2} of the light intensity _{I 2} in the wavelength range of 450~660nm at the cultivation surface seedlings It is 0.0001-0.01, The seedling cultivation apparatus of any one of Claims 1-5.   The seedling cultivation method which cultivates the seedling of an eggplant family using the seedling cultivation apparatus of any one of Claims 1-6.   The seedling cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the seedling is a tomato, green pepper or eggplant seedling.

Images