WO2017206500A1 - 高压细水雾生态栽培系统 - Google Patents

高压细水雾生态栽培系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017206500A1
WO2017206500A1 PCT/CN2016/112226 CN2016112226W WO2017206500A1 WO 2017206500 A1 WO2017206500 A1 WO 2017206500A1 CN 2016112226 W CN2016112226 W CN 2016112226W WO 2017206500 A1 WO2017206500 A1 WO 2017206500A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nutrient solution
cultivation
water mist
pressure
high pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/112226
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许智远
胡泽雄
王伟
肖宝宏
许起东
王新颜
曹云峰
李涵
Original Assignee
郑州海力特农林科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201610374171.XA external-priority patent/CN105830902A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610526471.5A external-priority patent/CN106171914A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610655834.5A external-priority patent/CN106069710A/zh
Application filed by 郑州海力特农林科技有限公司 filed Critical 郑州海力特农林科技有限公司
Priority to US15/774,392 priority Critical patent/US11109545B2/en
Publication of WO2017206500A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017206500A1/zh
Priority to IL258646A priority patent/IL258646B/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G2031/006—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics with means for recycling the nutritive solution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the application requirements are 1.
  • the application date is May 31, 2016, the application number is 201610374171.X, the invention name is “High Pressure Water Mist Ecological Cultivation System”; 2.
  • the application date is July 6, 2016, the application number is 201610526471.5, the invention name is "Modular cultivation rack for aerosol cultivation of solanaceous crops”; 3.
  • the application date is August 11, 2016, the application number is 201610655834.5, and the invention name is "the cultivation system of leafy vegetables”
  • the priority of the Chinese Patent Application the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the invention relates to the technical field of nutrient liquid ecological cultivation, in particular to a high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system.
  • China's population accounts for a quarter of the world's population, but the area of cultivated land is only 1/7 of the world's total cultivated land, and the per capita cultivated area is much lower than the world average.
  • China is a country with relatively poor water resources. It is listed as one of the 13 poor countries in the world. The per capita water resources in the country is only one-fourth of the world's per capita level, and the annual water shortage in agriculture is about 30 billion cubic meters.
  • traditional agriculture will apply a large amount of fertilizers and pesticides. According to Cornell University, more than 6 million tons of pesticides are used every year in the world, and only 1% of the actual performance is achieved. The remaining 99% are dissipated in soil and air.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system, which can effectively solve the problem of plant water mist cultivation.
  • One technical solution of the present invention is a high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system, which comprises a nutrient solution supply system and a cultivation frame, the roots of the crop seedlings are wrapped in the colonization sponge, and the planting sponge body is fixed on the cultivation frame, the nutrient solution
  • the supply system includes a nutrient solution storage tank, a filter, a magnetizer, a low pressure ball valve, a high pressure pump, a high pressure ball valve and a high pressure water mist nozzle.
  • the outlet of the nutrient solution storage tank is connected to the filter, the magnetizer and the low pressure ball valve in series.
  • the water inlet of the high pressure pump is connected, and the water outlet of the high pressure pump is connected to the high pressure water mist nozzle placed in the cultivation rack through the high pressure ball valve, and the nutrient solution contained in the nutrient solution storage tank is first filtered through the filter and magnetized by the magnetizer. And then sent by high pressure pump to high pressure water mist After the nozzle is atomized, it is sprayed out, and the atomized nutrient solution is sent into the cultivation rack.
  • the diameter of the mist is 1-100 ⁇ m, the diffuseness is strong, the mist flow has a certain power, and the air is taken up, so that the gas and liquid directly contact the root of the crop seedling. Contact, supply nutrients for crop seedlings.
  • the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the invention has novel and unique structure, is simple and reasonable, is easy to produce and is easy to operate, and the root of the crop seedling is exposed inside the cultivation frame, and the nutrient solution is atomized by the nutrient solution supply system, and is micron-sized mist and mist.
  • the particle diameter is 1-100 ⁇ m, which is directly sprayed to the roots of plants to provide the water and nutrients needed for plant growth.
  • the roots of plants are directly in contact with air. It is the best solution to the contradiction between water and gas in all soilless culture techniques.
  • a high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system which comprises a water treatment device, a nutrient solution supply system assembly, a cultivation rack assembly, a nutrient solution return system assembly, and a control cabinet.
  • the nutrient solution supply system assembly pressurizes the nutrient solution and transports it to the cultivation rack assembly, and the cultivation rack assembly colonizes and cultivates the seedlings, and the nutrient solution return system assembly recovers the nutrient solution not absorbed by the crop, and repeats Recycling
  • the control cabinet is a supporting electric control cabinet that provides power and control for the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system.
  • the other high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system atomizes the nutrient solution into micron-sized droplets by a high-pressure water mist spray device, and sprays it into the plant root environment in a batch mist to supply the required nutrients.
  • the plant roots are in the oxygen-rich and high-humidity atomization environment for efficient aerobic respiration metabolism.
  • the roots grow and differentiate without any resistance, and rapidly form a large and developed root system with extremely high respiratory intensity, which provides more sufficient root absorption. Bioenergy, the growth potential is maximized, thereby promoting the growth and development of the whole plant, and the yield is greatly improved.
  • a further technical solution of the present invention is a cultivation system for leafy vegetables, characterized in that the cultivation system comprises a nutrient solution supply system and a leafy vegetable cultivation rack, and the leafy vegetable cultivation rack is composed of a plurality of
  • the basic unit is assembled together, each basic unit comprises a base and a support frame disposed on the base, the support frame is a left diagonal support connected by one end, a right diagonal support and a transverse direction laterally mounted between the two diagonal supports
  • the "A" shape of the pipe support, the support frame has two sets of symmetry, and the two sets of support frames are fixedly connected by the top connection support, and the left and right diagonal braces of the two sets of support frames are provided with foam cultivation plates.
  • the bottom of the foam cultivation board is provided with a bottom seal composed of PEP agricultural black and white film, the bottom seal and the foam cultivation board on both sides together form a spray space of the leafy vegetable root system, and the nutrient solution supply system includes a nutrient solution storage box.
  • the liquid outlet of the nutrient solution storage tank is connected with the filter, magnetizer and low pressure ball valve in series
  • the water inlet of the high pressure pump is connected, and the water outlet of the high pressure pump is connected to the inlet of the plurality of spray pipes through the high pressure ball valve, the spray pipe extends into the spray space of each basic unit, and the spray pipe extending into the part is provided with a plurality of high pressure fines.
  • the water mist nozzle constitutes an atomization structure of the nutrient solution.
  • the cultivation system has novel and unique structure, is simple and reasonable, is easy to produce, convenient for transportation, can be quickly assembled, completes the overall arrangement of the cultivation area, saves labor and time, not only reduces the cost, but also has obvious advantages in improving the plant cultivation efficiency.
  • the traditional agricultural cultivation carrier of land, the nutrient (aqueous solution) required for the growth of leafy vegetables is sent to the root of the vegetables in the form of fog.
  • the mist flow speed is fast, the density is high, the mist flow is uniform, the coverage is wide, the turbulence is high, and the air suction capacity is strong, which can simultaneously satisfy the requirements of the root for air, moisture and nutrients; the fog particle diameter is 1-100 ⁇ m, which can increase the leaf
  • the absorption efficiency of nutrients by vegetable vegetables has the advantages of water saving, fertilizer saving, land saving, energy saving, environmental protection, clean, safe, low investment, low cost, low labor, easy operation, high yield and high quality. It is easy to use and effective. Ok, there are good social and economic benefits.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another structure of the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the nutrient solution supply system assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the cultivation rack assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the head of the cultivation rack assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the nutrient solution reflux system assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a leafy vegetable cultivation system of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the leafy vegetable cultivation rack of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a basic unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the assembly of a basic unit of the present invention (6 sets of basic units).
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 10 .
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the high pressure water mist nozzle of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a side view of Figure 12 .
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of another basic unit of the modular cultivation rack for leafy crops of the present invention (without foaming board and PEP agricultural black and white film).
  • Figure 15 is a view showing the state of use of another basic unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another basic unit assembly (6 sets of basic units) of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is an enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 16 of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a front elevational view of the foam cultivation board of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a plan view of a foam cultivation board of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a foaming plate cultivation hole and a planting cup of the present invention.
  • 1-nutrient solution storage tank 2-root; 3-filter; 4-maginator; 5-first pressure sensor; 6-low pressure ball valve; 7-high pressure pump; 8-second pressure sensor; 9-high pressure ball valve; 10-high pressure water mist nozzle; 11-overflow hole; 12-aerobic cultivation frame; 13-support; 14-planting sponge; 15-crop seedling; 16-pressure regulating valve;
  • 21-nutrient solution supply system assembly 211-pressure controller; 212-nutrient solution storage tank; 213-hydration booster pump; 214-filter; 215-high pressure pump set; 216-relief valve; 217-magnetized water 218-first pipe; 219-pressure gauge; 2110-second pipe; 2111-pressure controller; 2112-1, 2112-2, 2112-3, ..., 2112-N-zone control valve;
  • 22-cultivation frame assembly 2221-1, 221-2, ..., 221-N-cultivation frame; 222-nutrient solution conveying pipe; 2221-1, 2221-2, ..., 2221-N-intake pipe; 2222 - reflux main pipe; 2222-1, 2222-2, ..., 2222-N-nutrient solution return pipe; 223-ultra-fine water mist nozzle;
  • 23-nutrient solution reflux system assembly 231-level switch; 232-nutrient solution return tank; 233-nutrient solution replenishing pump; 234-replenishment liquid filter; 235-total delivery pipeline; 236-ultraviolet sterilizer;
  • 31-nutrient solution storage tank 32-spray pipe; 33-filter; 34-magnetizer; 35-first pressure sensor; 36-low pressure ball valve; 37-high pressure pump; 38-second pressure sensor; 39-high pressure ball valve ; 310-pressure regulating valve; 311-high pressure water mist nozzle; 311a-first water mist nozzle; 311b-second water mist nozzle; 312-frame; 313-floor support; 314-leg; Connecting plate; 316-branching; 317-lapping support; 317a-card Groove; 318-left diagonal bracing; 319-right diagonal bracing; 320-card member; 321-connecting bracing; 322-transverse pipe support; 323-foam cultivation board; 324-PEP agricultural black and white film; 324a-nutrient solution return hole; 325-spray space; 326-oblique branch pipe; 327-vertical branch pipe;
  • a high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the present invention comprises a nutrient solution supply system and an aerosol cultivation frame 12, wherein the root portion 2 of the crop seedling 15 is wrapped in the planting sponge 14 and the planting sponge 14 is fixed in the gas.
  • the nutrient solution supply system includes a nutrient solution storage tank 1, a filter 3, a magnetizer 4, a low pressure ball valve 6, a high pressure pump 7, a high pressure ball valve 9, and a high pressure water mist nozzle 10.
  • the liquid outlet of the nutrient solution storage tank 1 is connected to the water inlet of the high pressure pump 7 through the filter 3, the magnetizer 4, and the low pressure ball valve 6 in series, and the water outlet of the high pressure pump 7 is placed on the aerosol cultivation rack 12 via the high pressure ball valve 9.
  • the high-pressure water mist nozzles 10 are connected, and the nutrient solution contained in the nutrient solution storage tank 1 is first filtered by the filter 3, magnetized by the magnetizer 4, and then sent by the high-pressure pump 7 to the high-pressure water mist nozzle 10 to be sprayed.
  • the atomized nutrient solution is sent into the aerosol cultivation frame 12, the diameter of the mist is 1-100 ⁇ m, the diffuseness is strong, the mist flow has a certain power, and the air is taken up, and the gas and liquid are directly contacted with the root of the crop seedling. To provide the nutrients needed for crop seedlings.
  • the first pressure sensor 5 is mounted on the pipeline between the magnetizer 4 and the low pressure ball valve 6;
  • the second pressure sensor 8 is mounted on the pipeline between the high pressure pump 7 and the high pressure ball valve 9;
  • the aerosol cultivation frame 12 is a hollow container structure (such as a tank, a tank or a bed), and an overflow hole 11 is formed in the bottom plate thereof, and the water outlet of the high pressure pump 7 passes through the pressure regulating valve 16 and the overflow hole 11 respectively.
  • the inlet of the nutrient solution storage tank 1 is connected to form a pressure-regulated overflow structure;
  • the spraying direction of the high-pressure water mist nozzle 10 is opposite to the root 2 of the crop seedling 15;
  • the aerosol cultivation rack 12 is mounted on a bracket 13.
  • the nutrient solution is 95 kg of calcium nitrate, 81 kg of potassium nitrate, 50 kg of magnesium sulfate, 15.5 kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15-25 kg of EDTA iron sodium salt, 0.3 kg of boric acid, 0.2 kg of manganese sulfate, and 0.022 kg of zinc sulfate.
  • 0.005 kg of copper sulfate and 0.002 kg of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate were added to 100 t of water and uniformly mixed.
  • the high-pressure water mist nozzle 10 is an "ultra-fine water mist nozzle" of the applicant's prior patent application number "200610017940.7".
  • the filter 3 is a "low pressure high efficiency filter" of the patent application number "200920091513.2" previously filed by the applicant;
  • the pipeline between the nutrient solution storage tank 1 and the high pressure pump 7 is a low pressure pipeline, and the pipeline between the high pressure pump 7 and the high pressure water mist nozzle 10 is a high pressure pipeline;
  • the aerosol cultivation rack 12 is assembled from a plurality of basic units
  • the basic unit comprises a base and a support frame disposed on the base, the support frame is composed of a left diagonal support connected at one end, a right diagonal support and a lateral pipe support laterally mounted between the two diagonal supports.
  • the support frame has two sets of symmetry, the two sets of support frames are fixedly connected by the top connecting brace, and the left and right diagonal brace of the two sets of support frames are provided with foam cultivation boards.
  • the base below the foam cultivation board is provided with a bottom seal composed of a PEP agricultural black and white film, and the bottom seal and the foam cultivation plates on both sides together form a spray space of the root of the crop seedling, and the outlet of the high pressure pump is
  • the high-pressure ball valve is connected to the water inlets of the plurality of spray pipes, and the spray pipe extends into the spray space of each basic unit, and a plurality of high-pressure water mist nozzles are arranged on the spray pipe extending into the part to form a nutrient solution. Atomization structure.
  • the number of the high-pressure water mist nozzles 10 is one or more.
  • the magnetizer 4, the first pressure sensor 5, the second pressure sensor 8, the high pressure pump 7, the low pressure ball valve 6, the high pressure ball valve 9, the pressure regulating valve 16, the low pressure line, and the high pressure line are all commercially available products.
  • the configured nutrient solution is loaded into the nutrient solution storage tank 1.
  • the nutrient solution is first filtered through the filter 3, magnetized by the magnetizer 4, and then transported by the high pressure pump 7 to the high pressure water mist nozzle 10 after atomization.
  • the atomized nutrient solution is sent into the inner cavity of the aerosol cultivation frame 12, the diameter of the fog particles is 1-100 ⁇ m, the diffuseness is strong, the mist flow has a certain power, the air is taken up, and the gas and liquid are directly directly connected to the root of the crop seedling.
  • Contact supply nutrients required for crop seedlings, high-pressure pump 7 power, good avoidance of nozzle blockage, system operation is stable.
  • the biggest advantages are: 1) the smaller the diameter of the fog, the more diffuse, the better the gas-liquid fusion ability of the crop growth; 2) the nozzle is not easy to block, the stability of the system can be improved; 3) the crop is not The absorbed nutrient solution is returned to the nutrient supply system through the overflow hole 11 at the bottom of the aerosol cultivation frame 12.
  • another high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the present invention includes a water treatment device (not shown), a nutrient solution supply system assembly 21, a cultivation rack assembly 22, and a nutrient solution return system.
  • the nutrient solution supply system assembly 21 pressurizes the nutrient solution and transports it to the cultivation rack assembly 22, and the cultivation rack assembly 22 colonizes and cultivates the crop seedlings, and the nutrient solution reflux system assembly 23 recovers the nutrient solution that is not absorbed by the crop seedlings.
  • the control cabinet is a supporting electric control cabinet that provides power for the high-pressure water mist cultivation system and controls the high-pressure water mist cultivation system.
  • the nutrient solution supply system assembly 21 includes a nutrient solution storage tank 212, a hydration booster pump 213, a filter 214, a pressure controller 2111, a high pressure pump group 215, a relief valve 216, a magnetizer 217, and Partition control valves 2112-1, 2112-2, 2112-3, ..., 2112-N, where N is an arbitrary integer.
  • the nutrient solution disposed in the nutrient solution storage tank 212 is pressurized by the hydration booster pump 213 and then enters the high pressure pump group 215 via the filter 214.
  • the high pressure nutrient solution outputted by the high pressure pump group 215 is magnetized via the magnetizer 217, and the first The pipes 218 are respectively sent to the zone control valves 2112-1, 2112-2, 2112-3, ..., 2112-N, and respectively through the outlets O-1, O-2, O-3, ... corresponding to the zone control valves.
  • ON is transported to the cultivation rack of the corresponding cultivation rack assembly 22, the nutrient solution storage tank 212 is provided with a liquid level transmitter, and the liquid level of the nutrient solution storage tank 212 is monitored and alarmed by the control cabinet in real time to realize the cultivation frame Timed automatic spray function.
  • An outlet of the filter 214 is provided with a pressure controller 2111 for detecting the filter 214 and feeding back a blockage signal to the control cabinet. After the control cabinet receives the blockage signal, the corresponding alarm on the control cabinet will alarm. It is convenient to repair in time after the alarm is found.
  • the liquid outlet of the high pressure pump set 215 is provided with a relief valve 216, which is used for system unloading and control system pressure, thereby ensuring pressure stability during system operation and achieving safety protection for the high pressure pump set 215, and the relief valve An overflow of 216 is connected to the nutrient solution storage tank 212 through the second conduit 2110 to form a circuit.
  • the other outlet of the relief valve 216 is provided with a pressure gauge 219 to facilitate viewing of the pressure of the system.
  • the zone control valves 2112-1, 2112-2, 2112-3, ..., 2112-N are installed at the water inlet pipe of the corresponding cultivation frame of the cultivation frame assembly 22, and receive instructions of the control cabinet to realize the cultivation frame. Partition
  • the cultivation rack assembly 22 includes a first cultivation rack 221-1, a second cultivation rack 221-2, a third cultivation rack 221-3, ..., an Nth cultivation rack 221-N, which can be The number of the cultivation racks is set as needed, and the cultivation racks are provided with a nutrient solution conveying pipe 222, an ultra-fine water mist nozzle 223 and a plant colonization structure (not shown), and the cultivation frame includes leafy vegetables according to plant properties. Crops, solanaceous crops, amaranth and celery cultivation racks adopt different plant colonization structures and methods depending on the classification of the cultivation racks. Each of the cultivation racks is composed of a plurality of basic units assembled together.
  • the basic unit comprises a base and a support frame disposed on the base, the support frame is a left diagonal support connected by one end, a right diagonal support and a transverse pipe laterally mounted between the two diagonal supports Supporting the "A" shape, the support frame has two sets of symmetry, and the two sets of support frames are fixedly connected by the top connecting brace, and the left and right diagonal braces of the two sets of support frames are provided with foam.
  • the bottom plate of the foam cultivation plate is provided with a bottom seal composed of a PEP agricultural black and white film, and the bottom seal and the foam culture plates on both sides together form a spray space of the root of the crop seedling.
  • Corresponding partition control is respectively set for the corresponding water inlet pipes 2221-1, 2221-2, 2221-3, ..., 2221-N of the cultivation racks 221-1, 221-2, 221-3, ..., 221-N Valves 2112-1, 2112-2, 2112-3, ..., 2112-N, according to the needs of plant growth in each of the cultivation racks, spray control of different cultivation frames in different time periods and sub-areas.
  • the high-pressure nutrient solution is atomized and sprayed through the nozzle 223 in each cultivation rack.
  • the diameter of the mist particles is 1-100 ⁇ m, the diffuseness is strong, the mist flow has a certain power, the air is taken up, and the atomized nutrient solution is sent into the cultivation rack.
  • each of the cultivation racks 221-1, 221-2, 221-3, ..., 221-N is provided with a nutrient solution collection port (not shown), and the nutrient solution collection ports are respectively
  • a nutrient liquid return pipe 2222-1, 2222-2, 2222-3, ..., 2222-N is connected with the return main pipe 2222, and the collected nutrient solution is refluxed into the nutrient liquid reflux system.
  • the nutrient solution into 23 is returned to the tank 232 for reuse again.
  • the nutrient solution reflux system assembly 23 includes a nutrient solution return tank 232, a nutrient solution replenishing pump 233, a replenishing liquid filter 234, and an ultraviolet sterilizer 236.
  • the nutrient solution not absorbed by the crop is returned through the nutrient solution.
  • the pipe 2222 is returned to the nutrient solution return tank 232, and the nutrient solution return tank 232 is provided with a liquid level switch 231.
  • the nutrient solution return pump 233 is activated, and the replenishing liquid filter is activated. 234.
  • the ultraviolet sterilizer 236 pressurizes and disinfects the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution return tank 232, and then transports it to the nutrient solution storage tank 212 of the nutrient solution supply system assembly 21 through the total delivery pipe 235 for repeated use.
  • the above process is controlled by the control cabinet.
  • the nutrient solution is 95kg of calcium nitrate, 81kg of potassium nitrate, 50kg of magnesium sulfate, 15.5kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15-25kg of EDTA iron sodium salt, 0.3kg of boric acid, 0.2kg of manganese sulfate, and 0.022% of zinc sulfate.
  • Kg, copper sulfate 0.005kg and sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate 0.002kg are mixed and added in 100t water. The added water is water treated by water treatment equipment.
  • the ultra-fine water mist nozzle 223 is an "ultra-fine water mist nozzle" of the applicant's prior patent application number "200610017940.7".
  • the filter 214 and the replenishing liquid filter 234 are the "low-pressure high-efficiency filter" of the applicant's prior patent application number "200920091513.2".
  • the zoned control valve is a mature product designed and produced by the applicant.
  • the magnetized water 217, the high pressure pump set 215, the water treatment equipment (the reverse osmosis water treatment equipment of Zhengzhou Youbang Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd.), and the overflow valve 216 are all commercially available products. .
  • the present invention includes a nutrient solution supply system and a leafy vegetable cultivation rack
  • the leafy vegetable cultivation rack is composed of a plurality of basic units, each of which includes a base and is disposed at
  • the support frame on the base is an "A" shape formed by a left diagonal stay 318 connected to one end, a right diagonal stay 319 and a lateral duct support 322 laterally mounted between the two diagonal supports.
  • the support frame is symmetrical.
  • the two sets of support frames are fixedly connected by the top connecting brace 321 , and the left brace 318 and the right diagonal brace 319 of the two sets of support frames are respectively provided with a foam cultivation plate 323 , and the base of the foam cultivation plate 323 is arranged on the base.
  • the water outlet of the high pressure pump 37 is connected to the water inlet of the plurality of spray pipes 32 via the high pressure ball valve 39.
  • the spray pipe 32 extends into the spray space of each of the basic units, and a plurality of high pressure water mist is disposed on the spray pipe extending into the portion.
  • the spray head 311 constitutes an atomization structure of the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution contained in the nutrient solution storage tank 31 is first filtered through the filter 33 and passed through the magnetic field.
  • the magnetizer 34 is magnetized, and then sent to the respective high-pressure water mist nozzles 311 by the high-pressure pump 37 to be atomized and sprayed, diffused to the entire spray space, so that the leafy vegetables are grown in an optimal root zone state.
  • the base comprises a vertically disposed leg 314, an upper frame disposed at the top of the leg, and a lower frame disposed at a lower portion of the leg, the upper frame being arranged by parallel phase
  • the two brackets 312 and the two brackets 316 which are perpendicular and parallel to the bracket 312 are formed in a square shape, and the ends of the brackets 312 and the temples 316 are connected to the upper ends of the legs 314;
  • the frame 312 has an L-shaped cross section, and the upper edge of the PEP agricultural black and white film is fixed on the bottom surface of the frame by a bead, and the lower tribe of the PEP agricultural black and white film is formed on the lower frame to form a bottom seal of the spray space;
  • the ends of the bracket 312 and the temple 316 are connected to the upper end of the leg 314 through the connecting plate 315;
  • the bottom frame includes a bottom plate 313 and a lap joint 317.
  • the bottom plate 313 is disposed between the two legs 314.
  • the two ends of the lap joint 317 are provided with a card slot 317a corresponding to the bottom plate 313.
  • the card slot 317a at both ends is snapped between the two floor supports 313 to form a connection structure between the two basic units;
  • the bottom of the PEP agricultural black and white film 324 is provided with a nutrient solution return hole 324a, and the water outlet of the high pressure pump 37 is recirculated through the pressure regulating valve 310 to the inlet of the nutrient solution storage tank 31 and the bottom of the PEP agricultural black and white film of each basic unit.
  • the holes are connected to form a pressure-regulated overflow structure, and the unabsorbed nutrient solution is returned to the nutrient solution storage tank 31 through the liquid return pipe for recycling;
  • the leafy vegetable cultivation rack is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is
  • the controller is connected to the high pressure pump 37, and the controller can adjust the spray time by receiving the temperature signal of the temperature sensor to control the switch of the high pressure pump;
  • Each of the high-pressure water mist spray heads in each of the basic unit spray spaces has two sets symmetrically arranged, each set including a first fine water mist spray head 311a horizontally disposed in the spray direction and a second fine water mist spray head vertically disposed in the spray direction 311b, a spray pipe 32 is placed on the lateral pipe support 322 of each basic unit, and two first water mist spray heads 311a of each group are disposed on the two sides of the spray pipe 32 via the diagonal branch pipe 326, respectively.
  • the water mist nozzle 311b is disposed above the spray pipe 32 via the vertical branch pipe 327, thereby ensuring uniform injection;
  • the first pressure sensor 35 is disposed on the pipeline between the magnetizer 34 and the low pressure ball valve 36, and a second pressure sensor 38 is disposed on the pipeline between the high pressure pump 37 and the high pressure ball valve 39;
  • the left diagonal stay 318 and the right diagonal stay 319 are provided with a card member 320 for fixing the foam cultivation board 323.
  • the high-pressure water mist nozzle 311 is an "ultra-fine water mist nozzle" of the applicant's prior application number "200610017940.7".
  • the filter 33 is a "low pressure high efficiency filter" of the applicant application number "200920091513.2";
  • the foam cultivation board 323 is an "integrated molded foam board" of the applicant's prior application number "201610526449.0";
  • the pipeline between the nutrient solution storage tank 31 and the high pressure pump 37 is a low pressure pipeline, and the pipeline between the high pressure pump 37 and the high pressure water mist nozzle 311 is a high pressure pipeline;
  • the magnetizer 34, the first A pressure sensor 35, a second pressure sensor 38, a high pressure pump 37, a low pressure ball valve 36, a high pressure ball valve 39, a pressure regulating valve 310, a low pressure line, and a high pressure line are all commercially available products.
  • a plurality of basic units can be assembled and used together, as shown in FIG. 10, six basic units are assembled together, and when each basic unit is spliced, the supporting legs and the supporting frame are arranged by the connecting plate.
  • the temples, the left diagonal braces and the right diagonal braces are connected together, the bottoms are connected together by the overlapping braces, and the tops are connected together by the connecting braces 321 for easy installation and convenient disassembly.
  • the planting cotton planted in the planting cup can be planted in the planting cup.
  • the plant maintains a vertical posture after planting the planting hole, so that the plant grows upright and reduces shading.
  • each plant and each leaf are in the process of growing. With sufficient growth space and sufficient sunlight, it can fully absorb water and nutrients, ensure the rapid and uniform growth of plants, greatly increase the yield, and greatly improve the quality. It is installed in the nutrient solution storage tank 31.
  • the nutrient solution is first filtered through the filter 33, magnetized by the magnetizer 34, and then sent to the high-pressure water mist nozzle by the high-pressure pump 37 to be atomized and sprayed, diffused to the entire spray space, so that the leafy vegetables are in a kind
  • the growth and development under the optimal root zone state, the nutrient solution not absorbed by the plant is recirculated into the nutrient solution supply tank through the return hole, and the frame of the invention is rigid and the structure design is scientific, simple and reasonable compared with the prior art.
  • a set of standard parts is formed, and the problems of transportation recycling and temporary site placement are solved at the same time.
  • the standard modules of multiple cultivation frames can be easily assembled according to the size of the cultivation scale, which makes up for the deficiency of the traditional solanaceous cultivation frame, not only reduces
  • the cost is more obvious, and the advantages are more obvious in improving plant cultivation efficiency.
  • the structure is novel and unique, simple and reasonable, easy to produce, convenient for transportation, can be quickly assembled, complete the overall arrangement of the cultivation area, save labor and time, not only reduce the cost, Moreover, the advantage in improving the planting efficiency is more obvious, and the traditional agricultural cultivation carrier, which is separated from the land, will Vegetables desired vegetable growth nutrients (aqueous) to the root vegetables in the form of mist.
  • the mist flow speed is fast, the density is high, the mist flow is uniform, the coverage is wide, the turbulence is high, and the air suction capacity is strong, which can simultaneously satisfy the requirements of the root for air, moisture and nutrients; the fog particle diameter is 1-100 ⁇ m, which can increase the leaf
  • the absorption efficiency of nutrients by vegetable vegetables has the advantages of water saving, fertilizer saving, land saving, energy saving, environmental protection, clean, safe, low investment, low cost, low labor, easy operation, high yield and high quality. It is easy to use and effective. Ok, there are good social and economic benefits.
  • the modular cultivation rack for leafy crops of the present invention is constructed by assembling a plurality of basic units, each of which includes a base and a support disposed on the base.
  • the support frame is an "A" shape formed by a left diagonal stay 43 connected to one end, a right diagonal stay 44 and a lateral support 46 laterally mounted between the two diagonal supports.
  • the support frame has two sets of symmetrical, two sets of support frames. The connection is fixedly connected by the top connecting brace 42.
  • the left and right diagonal braces of the two sets of support frames are provided with foam cultivation plates, and the left diagonal braces and the right diagonal braces are provided with the clamps for fixing the foam cultivation plates. 45.
  • the base comprises a vertically disposed leg 49, an upper frame disposed at the top of the leg, and a lower frame disposed at a lower portion of the leg, the upper frame being arranged by parallel phase
  • the two brackets 410 are formed in a square shape formed by two temples 412 disposed perpendicularly and in parallel with the brackets, and the ends of the brackets 410 and the temples 412 are connected to the upper ends of the legs 49;
  • the PEP agricultural black and white film is arranged on the base below the foam cultivation board, and the upper section of the frame 410 is L-shaped PEP.
  • the upper edge of the agricultural black and white film is fixed on the bottom surface of the frame by the bead, and the lower tribe of the PEP agricultural black and white film is under a root cultivation space constituting the cultivated leafy crop on the frame, wherein the PEP agricultural black and white film in the lower part of the cultivation space is provided with a nutrient solution return hole;
  • the ends of the bracket 410 and the temple 412 are connected to the upper end of the leg by a connecting plate 48.
  • the lower ends of the left diagonal braces 43 and the right diagonal braces 44 are fixed to the connecting plate 48;
  • the lower frame includes a bottom plate 47 and a lap joint 411.
  • the bottom plate 47 is disposed between the two legs.
  • the two ends of the lap joint 411 are provided with a card slot 411a corresponding to the bottom plate support, and the lap joint 411 passes through The card slots 411a at the two ends are locked between the two bottom brackets 47 to form a connection structure between the two basic units.
  • a bottom tray 414 can be added to the lower frame, and the PEP agricultural black and white film can be dropped on the bottom tray. PEP agricultural black and white film;
  • the lap joint on the outer side of the card slot 411a is provided with a fixing hole 411b;
  • the foaming board comprises a substrate 41, the substrate 41 is evenly arranged with a plurality of cultivation holes 413 arranged upwardly, and a cultivation cup 415 is arranged in the cultivation hole 413;
  • the cultivation holes 413 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the lateral spacing L between the two cultivation holes is 160 mm, and the longitudinal spacing H is 170 mm;
  • the outer wall of the upper part of the planting cup 415 is provided with a convex edge, and the convex edge is clamped on the upper mouth part of the cultivation hole, and the fixing cup is supported to form a fixing structure of the fixing cup;
  • the angle between the axis of the cultivation hole 413 and the surface of the substrate is 30°, and the angle between the surface of the substrate and the vertical surface is 30°;
  • the cultivation hole 413 is a through hole having a hole diameter of 30 mm;
  • the thickness D of the substrate 41 is 30 mm.
  • a plurality of basic units can be assembled and used together, as shown in FIG. 16, six basic units are assembled together, and when each basic unit is spliced, the supporting legs and the supporting frame are arranged by the connecting board.
  • the temples, the left diagonal braces and the right diagonal braces are connected together, the bottoms are connected together by the overlapping braces, and the tops are connected together by the connecting braces 42 for easy installation and convenient disassembly.
  • the aerosol nozzle for spraying the nutrient solution is inserted into the cultivation space composed of the PEP agricultural black and white film, so that the roots of the crop extending into the cultivation space are fully absorbed for various metabolic activities, and the PEP agricultural black and white film in the lower part of the cultivation space may be provided with
  • the nutrient solution return hole, the nutrient solution return hole can be connected with the return pipe, the return pipe is connected with the nutrient solution storage tank, and the collected unabsorbed nutrient solution is returned to the nutrient solution storage tank through the liquid return pipe for recycling.
  • the multiple cultivation holes on the foam cultivation board are arranged according to the plant spacing and row spacing misalignment which are most conducive to the growth of leafy plants, making full use of the effective space of the substrate to ensure the planting efficiency of the plants.
  • the planting cotton is wrapped in the planting seedlings for planting.
  • the planting cup in the cultivation hole is at an angle of 30° to the surface of the substrate, and the angle between the surface of the substrate and the vertical surface is 30°, so that the plant maintains a vertical posture after planting the cultivation hole, so that the plant grows upright.
  • reduce shading, in the process of growth, each plant, each leaf has room for growth can get sufficient sunlight, can fully absorb water and nutrients, ensure rapid and uniform plant growth, greatly improved yield, greatly improved quality .
  • the foam cultivation board is more advanced than the traditional aerosol culture foam board technology, and the structure is more reasonable. It is most suitable for the growth of leafy plants, maximizes the growth potential of the plants, and greatly increases the growth and biomass of the leafy plants.
  • the field of agricultural technology is bound to have broad application prospects.
  • all members can complete the blanking and sheet metal production at one time, ensuring uniform size and size, facilitating rapid assembly, completeing the overall arrangement of the cultivation area, saving labor and time, and greatly improving the installation efficiency.
  • the modular cultivation frame of the invention has good rigidity, scientific design, simple and reasonable structure, forms a set of standard parts, and solves the problems of transportation recycling and temporary site placement, and can adopt multiple cultivation frame standards according to the size of the cultivation scale.
  • the module can be easily assembled and used to make up for the shortage of the traditional solanaceous cultivation frame, which not only reduces the cost, but also has obvious advantages in improving the plant cultivation efficiency, and will surely realize industrialization in the field of agricultural development with broad prospects.
  • the present invention exposes the roots of the crop seedlings to the inside of the cultivation rack or the cultivation rack, and the nutrient solution is atomized by the nutrient solution supply system to be micron-sized droplets, and the diameter of the mist particles is 1-100 ⁇ m, which is directly sprayed onto the plants.
  • the root system provides the water and nutrients needed for plant growth.
  • the roots of the plant are directly in contact with the air. It is the best solution to the contradiction between root water and gas in all soilless culture techniques.
  • the plant growth is not affected by the resistance, and the root system is very developed.
  • the production is greatly improved, and at the same time, it is easy to automate control and carry out stereo cultivation, and the utilization of greenhouse space is improved.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the invention is separated from the soil and planted, and the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is prevented from the source, no pesticide pollution, no traditional fertilizer (organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, etc.) pollution, no heavy metal pollution, etc., basically no Pests and diseases, artificially precisely blending all kinds of nutrients required by plants, producing plants that are both green and high quality, have better nutrition and taste, and the full and efficient use of nutrients also greatly reduces the nitrate content of plants, thus achieving a true sense. Green without pollution;
  • the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the invention realizes the integration of water and fertilizer in the true sense, and can accurately supply water and fertilizer according to the growth demand of the plant.
  • the nutrient solution has high absorption and utilization rate, and can be recycled.
  • the utilization rate of water is close to 100%, the utilization rate of fertilizer is close to 100%, and water saving is fat;
  • the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the invention adopts three-dimensional cultivation, does not depend on the soil, is farther away from the traditional cultivated land, greatly improves the planting efficiency per unit area, has high space utilization rate, and can be in wasteland, desert, barren hill, roof, hardened ground. Even local water surface, islands, and alpine planting; the same area is 3-4 times the conventional planting area, and the layout of the space is rationalized and intensive, thus greatly increasing the quantity and area of cultivated land.
  • the high-pressure fine water mist ecological cultivation system of the invention grows vegetables, the plant roots are developed, and the yield is greatly improved. Compared with the traditional land planting, the leafy vegetables can be increased by 10-20 times, and the solanaceous fruits can be increased by 5-10 times. ;
  • the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the invention saves water and fertilizer, and because it is separated from the land, it does not pollute the air like traditional pesticides and fertilizers, without any water discharge, and does not pollute the air, land and water bodies, Disasters, no secondary pollution, etc., safe and environmentally friendly;
  • the production process of the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the invention is fully automated, and only needs to be collected and planted, and no other traditional agricultural labor, such as cultivated land, is simple to operate, and the weak physical strengths such as the elderly and women can participate, saving labor costs. And no heavy physical labor;
  • the high-pressure water mist ecological cultivation system of the invention can be planted in a large scale, from several hundred square meters to thousands of acres; the production of factory-operated agricultural facilities, fine planting, standardized management of the production process To achieve product traceability; the output of the products in the appearance, size, quality and other aspects of the degree of quality; in the production process, through the Internet and intelligent Internet of Things system, to achieve real-time query by mobile devices;
  • the vitamin content of leafy vegetables cultivated in the cloud is 3-5 times higher than that of ordinary vegetables.
  • the taste is good and the nutrition is high.
  • the aromatic vegetables are more concentrated than the soil.

Abstract

一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统，包括营养液供应系统和栽培架（12），作物幼苗（15）的根部（2）包裹在定植海绵体（14）内，定植海绵体（14）固定在栽培架（12）上，营养液供应系统包括营养液储存箱（1）、过滤器（3）、磁化器（4）、低压球阀（6）、高压泵（7）、高压球阀（9）和高压细水雾喷头（10），营养液储存箱（1）出液口经串联的过滤器（3）、磁化器（4）、低压球阀（6）与高压泵（7）的进水口相连，高压泵（7）的出水口经高压球阀（9）与置于栽培架（12）内的高压细水喷头（10）相连。该系统易生产、易操作，同时易于自动化控制和进行立体栽培，提高了温室的利用率。

Description

高压细水雾生态栽培系统
本申请要求1.申请日为2016年5月31日，申请号为201610374171.X，发明名称为“高压细水雾生态栽培系统”；2.申请日为2016年7月6日，申请号为201610526471.5，发明名称为“用于气雾栽培茄果类作物的模块化栽培架”；3.申请日为2016年8月11日，申请号为201610655834.5，发明名称为“叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此通过引用将上述申请的全部内容包括在内。
技术领域
本发明涉及营养液生态栽培技术领域，特别是高压细水雾生态栽培系统。
背景技术
我国人口占世界人口的1/4，但耕地面积仅为世界总耕地面积的1/7，人均耕地面积远低于世界平均水平。而且我国是水资源相当贫乏的国家，被列为世界上13个贫水国之一，全国人均水资源仅为世界人均水平的1/4，农业每年缺水约300亿立方米。传统农业为了提高粮食产量，会大量施用化肥和农药，据美国康奈尔大学介绍，全世界每年使用600多万吨农药，实际发挥效能的仅为1％，其余99％都散逸在土壤、空气和水体中，引起土壤、水体、大气污染，并且最终随着饮水和食物进入人体，进而对人体造成危害。据中科院调查，目前全国至少有1.9-2.4亿亩耕地受到农药的污染，有1/5耕地受到重金属污染。
一方面，随着改革开放的深入发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，农作物特别是蔬菜瓜果的生产已经从过去的单纯追求高产向高产、优质方向发展，人们要求无公害、绿色食品的呼声越来越高。要使我国经济保持可持续发展，不断提高人民生活水平，必须不断提高有限土地面积的生产效率，拓展农业生产空间，提高水资源等的利用效率，并杜绝农药残留。
另一方面，随着农业高科技生态栽培技术的发展，植物的气雾栽培得到广泛应用，进而对植物栽培在供养、供水等方面提出了更高的要求，要求能够将营养液以弥雾的方式对植物的根系进行培养，才能使植物根系发达，提高产量，传统的结构和性能虽说也能实现气雾栽培这种功能，但远远满足不了植物的高品质、高产量要求。此外，传统的栽培架没有标准件，都是在施工现场进行焊接加工，加工后再运输又比较困难，而且由于工人水平限制很难保证每个栽培架规格一致，架子尺寸的差别就很容易影响到栽培板与栽培架的固定连接，影响栽培区域的整体布置，误工误时，造成植物培植效率低下。因此，其改进和创新势在必行。
发明内容
针对上述情况，为克服现有技术之缺陷，本发明之目的就是提供一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统，可有效解决植物细水雾栽培的问题。
本发明的一种技术方案是，一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其包括营养液供应系统和栽培架，作物幼苗的根部包裹在定植海绵体内，定植海绵体固定在栽培架上，营养液供应系统包括营养液储存箱、过滤器、磁化器、低压球阀、高压泵、高压球阀和高压细水雾喷头，营养液储存箱的出液口经串联的过滤器、磁化器和低压球阀而与高压泵的进水口相连，高压泵的出水口经高压球阀与置于栽培架内的高压细水雾喷头相连，装在营养液储存箱内的营养液先通过过滤器过滤、并通过磁化器磁化，再由高压泵输送至高压细水雾 喷头雾化后喷出，将雾化后的营养液送入栽培架内，雾粒直径1-100μm，弥漫性强，雾流有一定动力，卷吸空气，使气液直接与作物幼苗的根部接触，供给作物幼苗所需营养。
本发明上述高压细水雾生态栽培系统结构新颖独特，简单合理，易生产，易操作，作物幼苗的根系裸露在栽培架内部，营养液通过营养液供应系统雾化后为微米级雾滴，雾粒直径1-100μm，直接喷射到植物根系以提供植物生长所需的水分和养分，植物根系直接与空气接触，是所有无土栽培技术中根系水气矛盾解决得最好的一种形式，植物生长不受阻力，根系十分发达，作物产量大幅度提高，同时它也易于自动化控制和进行立体栽培，提高温室空间的利用率，绿色、节水、节肥、节地、高产、环保、节省大量劳动力，使用方便，效果好，是植物栽培装置上的创新。
本发明的另一种技术方案是，一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其包括水处理设备、营养液供给系统总成、栽培架总成、营养液回流系统总成、控制柜。其中，营养液供给系统总成把营养液加压后输送到栽培架总成，栽培架总成对作物幼苗进行定植、培育，营养液回流系统总成回收未被作物吸收的营养液，进行重复循环利用，控制柜是为高压细水雾生态栽培系统提供动力和控制的配套电控柜。
该另一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统，通过高压细水雾喷雾装置将营养液雾化为微米级的雾滴，以间歇弥雾的方式喷射到植物根域环境以供给所需营养，使植物根系处于富氧的高湿度雾化环境下进行高效的有氧呼吸代谢，根系不受任何阻力地快速生长和分化，快速形成呼吸强度极高的庞大发达根系，为根吸收提供了更充足的生物能量，生长潜力发挥到最大化，从而促进整体植株的生长与发育，产量大幅度提高。
本发明的又一种技术方案是，一种叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，该栽培系统包括营养液供应系统和叶菜类蔬菜栽培架，叶菜类蔬菜栽培架是由多个基本单元拼装在一起构成的，每个基本单元包括底座和设置在所述底座上的支撑架，支撑架是由一端相连的左斜撑、右斜撑和横向装在两斜撑之间的横向管道支撑构成的“A”字形，支撑架有对称的两组，两组支撑架之间通过顶部的连接撑固定连接，两组支撑架的左斜撑和右斜撑上均设置有泡沫栽培板，泡沫栽培板下方的底座上设置有由PEP农用黑白膜构成的底部密封，底部密封和两侧泡沫栽培板共同围成叶菜类蔬菜根系的喷雾空间，营养液供应系统包括营养液储存箱、过滤器、磁化器、低压球阀、高压泵、高压球阀和高压细水雾喷头，营养液储存箱的出液口经串联的过滤器、磁化器、低压球阀而与高压泵的进水口相连，高压泵的出水口经高压球阀与多个喷雾管道的进水口相连，喷雾管道伸入每个基本单元的喷雾空间，伸入部分的喷雾管道上设置有多个高压细水雾喷头，构成营养液的雾化结构。
该栽培系统结构新颖独特，简单合理，易生产，方便运输，可快速拼装，完成栽培区域的整体布置，省工省时，不仅降低了成本，而且在提高植物培植效率方面优势更为明显，脱离了土地这种传统的农业栽培载体，将叶菜类蔬菜生长所需的营养物质(水溶液)通过雾的形式送至蔬菜根部。雾流速度快、密度大、雾流均匀、覆盖面广、湍流程度高，对空气的卷吸能力强，可同时满足根部对空气、水分及养分的需求；雾粒直径1-100μm，可提高叶菜类蔬菜对养分的吸收效率，具有节水、节肥、节地、节能、环保、洁净、安全、投资省、成本低、用工少、易操作和产品高产、优质等优点，使用方便，效果好，有良好的社会和经济效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明的高压细水雾生态栽培系统的一种结构示意图。
图2为本发明的高压细水雾生态栽培系统的另一种结构示意图。
图3为本发明的营养液供给系统总成示意图。
图4为本发明的栽培架总成示意图。
图5为本发明的栽培架总成的喷头布置示意图。
图6为本发明的营养液回流系统总成示意图。
图7为本发明的叶菜类蔬菜栽培系统的结构示意图。
图8为本发明的叶菜类蔬菜栽培架的侧视图。
图9为本发明的一种基本单元的立体图。
图10为本发明的一种基本单元的拼装示意图(6组基本单元)。
图11为图10的A处放大图。
图12为本发明的高压细水雾喷头的布置示意图。
图13为图12的侧视图。
图14为本发明的用于叶菜类作物的模块化栽培架的另一种基本单元的立体图(未安装泡沫栽培板和PEP农用黑白膜)。
图15为本发明的另一种基本单元的使用状态图。
图16为本发明的另一种基本单元拼装示意图(6组基本单元)。
图17为本发明的图16的A处放大图。
图18为本发明的泡沫栽培板的主视图。
图19为本发明的泡沫栽培板的俯视图。
图20为本发明的泡沫栽培板栽培孔和定植杯的剖视图。
图标：
1-营养液储存箱；2-根部；3-过滤器；4-磁化器；5-第一压力传感器；6-低压球阀；7-高压泵；8-第二压力传感器；9-高压球阀；10-高压细水雾喷头；11-溢流孔；12-气雾栽培架；13-支架；14-定植海绵体；15-作物幼苗；16-压力调节阀；
21-营养液供给系统总成；211-压力控制器；212-营养液储存箱；213-补水增压泵；214-过滤器；215-高压泵组；216-溢流阀；217-磁化水器；218-第一管道；219-压力表；2110-第二管道；2111-压力控制器；2112-1，2112-2，2112-3，…，2112-N-分区控制阀；
22-栽培架总成；221-1，221-2，…，221-N-栽培架；222-营养液输送管道；2221-1，2221-2，…，2221-N-进水管道；2222-回流总管；2222-1，2222-2，…，2222-N-营养液回流管道；223-超细水雾喷头；
23-营养液回流系统总成；231-液位开关；232-营养液回流箱；233-营养液回补泵；234-回补液过滤器；235-总输送管道；236-紫外线消毒器；
31-营养液储存箱；32-喷雾管道；33-过滤器；34-磁化器；35-第一压力传感器；36-低压球阀；37-高压泵；38-第二压力传感器；39-高压球阀；310-压力调节阀；311-高压细水雾喷头；311a-第一细水雾喷头；311b-第二细水雾喷头；312-托框；313-底板撑；314-支腿；315-连接板；316-边撑；317-搭接撑；317a-卡 槽；318-左斜撑；319-右斜撑；320-卡件；321-连接撑；322-横向管道支撑；323-泡沫栽培板；324-PEP农用黑白膜；324a-营养液回流孔；325-喷雾空间；326-斜向支管道；327-竖直支管道；
41-基板；42-连接撑；43-左斜撑；44-右斜撑；45-卡件；46-横向支撑；47-底板撑；48-连接板；49-支腿；410-托框；411-搭接撑；411a-卡槽；411b-固定孔；412-边撑；413-栽培孔；414-底托板；415-定植杯。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
如图1所示，本发明的一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统包括营养液供应系统和气雾栽培架12，作物幼苗15的根部2包裹在定植海绵体14内，定植海绵体14固定在气雾栽培架12上，营养液供应系统包括营养液储存箱1、过滤器3、磁化器4、低压球阀6、高压泵7、高压球阀9和高压细水雾喷头10。营养液储存箱1的出液口经串联的过滤器3、磁化器4、低压球阀6与高压泵7的进水口相连，高压泵7的出水口经高压球阀9与置于气雾栽培架12内的高压细水雾喷头10相连，装在营养液储存箱1内的营养液先通过过滤器3过滤、磁化器4磁化，再由高压泵7输送至高压细水雾喷头10雾化后喷出，将雾化后的营养液送入气雾栽培架12内，雾粒直径1-100μm，弥漫性强，雾流有一定动力，卷吸空气，直接将气液直接与作物幼苗的根部接触，供给作物幼苗所需营养。
为保证使用效果，所述的磁化器4和低压球阀6之间的管路上装有第一压力传感器5；
所述的高压泵7和高压球阀9之间的管路上装有第二压力传感器8；
所述的气雾栽培架12为中空的容器结构(如槽、箱或床)，其底板上开有溢流孔11，高压泵7的出水口经压力调节阀16分别与溢流孔11和营养液储存箱1的进口相连，构成压力调节式溢流结构；
所述的高压细水雾喷头10的喷射方向与作物幼苗15的根部2正对；
所述的气雾栽培架12安装在支架13上。
所述的营养液是由重量计的硝酸钙95kg、硝酸钾81kg、硫酸镁50kg、磷酸二氢铵15.5kg、EDTA铁钠盐15-25kg、硼酸0.3kg、硫酸锰0.2kg、硫酸锌0.022kg、硫酸铜0.005kg和钼酸钠或钼酸铵0.002kg加入100t水中混合均匀制成的。
所述的高压细水雾喷头10为申请人在先申请的专利申请号为“200610017940.7”的“超细水雾喷头”。
所述的过滤器3为申请人在先申请的专利申请号为“200920091513.2”的“低压高效过滤器”；
所述的营养液储存箱1与高压泵7之间的管路为低压管路，高压泵7与高压细水雾喷头10之间的管路为高压管路；
所述的气雾栽培架12由多个基本单元拼装而成；
所述的基本单元包括底座和设置在所述底座上的支撑架，所述的支撑架是由一端相连的左斜撑、右斜撑和横向装在两斜撑之间的横向管道支撑构成的“A”字形，所述的支撑架有对称的两组，两组支撑架之间通过顶部的连接撑固定连接，两组支撑架的左斜撑和右斜撑上均设置有泡沫栽培板，所述的泡沫栽培板下方的底座上设置有由PEP农用黑白膜构成的底部密封，底部密封和两侧泡沫栽培板共同围成作物幼苗根部的喷雾空间，所述的高压泵的出水口经所述的高压球阀与多个喷雾管道的进水口相连，所述的喷雾管道伸入每个基本单元的喷雾空间，伸入部分的喷雾管道上设置有多个高压细水雾喷头，构成营养液的雾化结构。
所述的高压细水雾喷头10的数量为一个或多个。
所述的磁化器4、第一压力传感器5、第二压力传感器8、高压泵7、低压球阀6、高压球阀9、压力调节阀16、低压管路、高压管路均为市售产品。
本发明使用时，将配置好的营养液装进营养液储存箱1，营养液先通过过滤器3过滤、磁化器4磁化，再由高压泵7输送至高压细水雾喷头10雾化后喷出，将雾化后的营养液送入气雾栽培架12内腔，雾粒直径1-100μm，弥漫性强，雾流有一定动力，卷吸空气，直接将气液直接与作物幼苗的根部接触，供给作物幼苗所需营养，高压泵7动力大，很好地避免了喷嘴堵塞，系统运行稳定。跟传统技术相比，最大的优势就是：1)雾粒直径更小，弥漫性强，作物生长的气液融合能力更加好；2)喷嘴不易堵塞，系统的稳定性能提升；3)未被作物吸收的营养液会通过气雾栽培架12底部的溢流孔11回流入营养液供应系统。
实施例2
如图2所示，本发明的另一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统包括水处理设备(图中未示出)、营养液供给系统总成21、栽培架总成22、营养液回流系统总成23和控制柜(图中未示出)。营养液供给系统总成21把营养液加压后输送到栽培架总成22，栽培架总成22对作物幼苗进行定植、培育，营养液回流系统总成23回收未被作物幼苗吸收的营养液，进行重复循环利用，控制柜是为高压细水雾栽培系统提供动力和对高压细水雾栽培系统进行控制的配套电控柜。
如图3所示，营养液供给系统总成21包括营养液储存箱212、补水增压泵213、过滤器214、压力控制器2111、高压泵组215、溢流阀216、磁化水器217和分区控制阀2112-1，2112-2，2112-3，…，2112-N，其中N为任意整数。营养液储存箱212内配置好的营养液，经补水增压泵213加压后经过滤器214进入高压泵组215，高压泵组215输出的高压营养液经由磁化水器217磁化后，经第一管道218分别输送到分区控制阀2112-1，2112-2，2112-3，…，2112-N，再分别经所述分区控制阀对应的出口O-1，O-2，O-3，…，O-N输送到对应的栽培架总成22的栽培架，营养液储存箱212设置有液位变送器，由控制柜对营养液储存箱212的液位进行实时监控和报警，实现对栽培架的定时自动喷雾功能。过滤器214的一个出口处设置有压力控制器2111，其用于对过滤器214进行检测并向控制柜反馈堵塞信号，在控制柜接收到堵塞信号后，控制柜上相应的报警器会报警，从而在发现报警后便于及时维修。高压泵组215的出液口设置有溢流阀216，其用于系统卸荷和控制系统的压力，从而保证系统运行过程中压力稳定及实现对高压泵组215的安全保护，并且溢流阀216的一个溢流口通过第二管道2110与营养液储存箱212连接，从而形成回路。溢流阀216的另一个出口设置有压力表219，从而便于观察系统的压力。所述分区控制阀2112-1，2112-2，2112-3，…，2112-N安装于栽培架总成22的相应栽培架的进水管道处，接收控制柜的指令，实现对栽培架的分区控制。
如图4和图5所示，栽培架总成22包括第一栽培架221-1，第二栽培架221-2，第三栽培架221-3，…，第N栽培架221-N，可根据需要设置栽培架的数量，所述的栽培架上均设置有营养液输送管道222、超细水雾喷头223和植物定植结构(图中未示出)，栽培架根据植物性质包括叶菜类作物、茄果类作物、韭菜类和芹菜类栽培架，根据栽培架的分类不同，采取不同的植物定植结构和方式。每个栽培架均是由多个基本单元拼装在一起构成的。优选地，所述的基本单元包括底座和设置在所述底座上的支撑架，所述的支撑架是由一端相连的左斜撑、右斜撑和横向装在两斜撑之间的横向管道支撑构成的“A”字形，所述的支撑架有对称的两组，两组支撑架之间通过顶部的连接撑固定连接，两组支撑架的左斜撑和右斜撑上均设置有泡沫栽 培板，所述的泡沫栽培板下方的底座上设置有由PEP农用黑白膜构成的底部密封，底部密封和两侧泡沫栽培板共同围成作物幼苗根部的喷雾空间。所述的栽培架221-1，221-2，221-3，…，221-N的相应进水管道2221-1，2221-2，2221-3，…，2221-N分别设置相应的分区控制阀2112-1，2112-2，2112-3，…，2112-N，根据每个栽培架中植物生长的需要，对不同的栽培架分时段、分区域进行喷雾控制。高压营养液通过每个栽培架内的喷头223雾化喷出，雾粒直径1-100μm，弥漫性强，雾流有一定动力，卷吸空气，将雾化后的营养液送入栽培架内腔，气液直接与作物幼苗的根部接触，供给作物幼苗所需营养。所述的栽培架221-1，221-2，221-3，…，221-N中的每一个的底部均设置有营养液收集口(图中未示出)，所述营养液收集口分别设置有相应的营养液回流管2222-1，2222-2，2222-3，…，2222-N，每个营养液回流管均与回流总管2222连接，收集的营养液回流入营养液回流系统总成23的营养液回流箱232内以便再次重复利用。
如图6所示，营养液回流系统总成23包括营养液回流箱232、营养液回补泵233、回补液过滤器234、紫外线消毒器236，未被作物吸收的营养液，通过营养液回流管道2222回流到营养液回流箱232，营养液回流箱232上设置有液位开关231，当营养液回流箱232的液位上升到预定高度时，营养液回流泵233启动，经回补液过滤器234、紫外线消毒器236将营养液回流箱232内的营养液加压过滤消毒杀菌后，通过总输送管道235输送到营养液供给系统总成21的营养液储存箱212，用于重复循环使用，以上过程由控制柜进行控制。
所述的营养液是由重量计的，硝酸钙95kg、硝酸钾81kg、硫酸镁50kg、磷酸二氢铵15.5kg、EDTA铁钠盐15-25kg、硼酸0.3kg、硫酸锰0.2kg、硫酸锌0.022kg、硫酸铜0.005kg和钼酸钠或钼酸铵0.002kg加入100t水中混合均匀制成的，加入的水是经过水处理设备处理后的水。
所述的超细水雾喷头223为申请人在先申请的专利申请号为“200610017940.7”的“超细水雾喷头”。
所述的过滤器214、回补液过滤器234为申请人在先申请的专利申请号为“200920091513.2”的“低压高效过滤器”。
所述的分区控制阀为申请人设计生产的成熟产品。
所述的磁化水器217、高压泵组215、水处理设备(可以采用郑州友邦水处理设备有限公司的反渗透水处理设备)、溢流阀216(可以采用意大利AR公司)均为市售产品。
实施例3
由图7-13给出，本发明包括营养液供应系统和叶菜类蔬菜栽培架，叶菜类蔬菜栽培架是由多个基本单元拼装在一起构成的，每个基本单元包括底座和设置在所述底座上的支撑架，支撑架是由一端相连的左斜撑318、右斜撑319和横向装在两斜撑之间的横向管道支撑322构成的“A”字形，支撑架有对称的两组，两组支撑架之间通过顶部的连接撑321固定连接，两组支撑架的左斜撑318和右斜撑319上均设置有泡沫栽培板323，泡沫栽培板323下方的底座上设置有由PEP农用黑白膜24构成的底部密封，底部密封和两侧泡沫栽培板323共同围成叶菜类蔬菜根系的喷雾空间325，营养液供应系统包括营养液储存箱31、过滤器33、磁化器34、低压球阀36、高压泵37、高压球阀39和高压细水雾喷头311，营养液储存箱31的出液口经串联的过滤器33、磁化器34和低压球阀36而与高压泵37的进水口相连，高压泵37的出水口经高压球阀39与多个喷雾管道32的进水口相连，喷雾管道32伸入每个基本单元的喷雾空间，伸入部分的喷雾管道上设置有多个高压细水雾喷头311，构成营养液的雾化结构，装在营养液储存箱31内的营养液先通过过滤器33过滤、并通过磁 化器34磁化，再由高压泵37输送至各个高压细水雾喷头311雾化后喷出，弥漫至整个喷雾空间，使叶菜类蔬菜处于一种最佳的根域状态下进行生长发育。
为保证使用效果，所述的底座包括竖直设置的支腿314、设置在所述支腿顶部的上框架和设置在所述支腿下部的下框架，所述的上框架是由平行相间设置的两个托框312和与托框312垂直且呈平行相间设置的两个边撑316构成的方框形，托框312和边撑316的端部均与支腿314上端连接在一起；
所述的托框312的截面呈L形，PEP农用黑白膜的上沿通过压条固定在托框的底面上，PEP农用黑白膜的下部落在下框架上，构成喷雾空间的底部密封；
所述的托框312和边撑316的端部均通过连接板315与支腿314上端连接在一起；
所述的下框架包括底板撑313和搭接撑317，底板撑313设置在两支腿314之间，搭接撑317的两端设置有与底板撑313相对应的卡槽317a，搭接撑通过两端的卡槽317a卡装在两底板撑313之间，构成两两基本单元之间的连接结构；
所述的PEP农用黑白膜324的底部设置有营养液回流孔324a，高压泵37的出水口经压力调节阀310分别与营养液储存箱31的进口和各基本单元的PEP农用黑白膜底部的回流孔相连，构成压力调节式溢流结构，未被吸收的营养液经回液管回流至营养液储存箱31进行循环利用；所述的叶菜类蔬菜栽培架上设置有温度传感器，温度传感器经控制器与高压泵37相连，控制器可通过接收温度传感器的温度信号对高压泵的开关进行控制，从而对喷雾时间进行调整；
每个基本单元喷雾空间内的高压细水雾喷头均有对称设置的两组，每组包括喷射方向水平设置的第一细水雾喷头311a和喷射方向竖直向上设置的第二细水雾喷头311b，喷雾管道32置于每个基本单元的横向管道支撑322上，每组的第一细水雾喷头311a有2个，分别经斜向支管道326设置在喷雾管道32的两侧，第二细水雾喷头311b经竖直支管道327设置在喷雾管道32上方，从而保证喷射均匀；
所述的磁化器34和低压球阀36之间的管路上设置有第一压力传感器35，高压泵37与高压球阀39之间的管路上设置有第二压力传感器38；
所述的左斜撑318和右斜撑319上均设置有用于固定泡沫栽培板323的卡件320。
所述的高压细水雾喷头311为申请人在先申请的申请号为“200610017940.7”的“超细水雾喷头”。
所述的过滤器33为申请人在先申请的申请号为“200920091513.2”的“低压高效过滤器”；
所述的泡沫栽培板323为申请人在先申请的申请号为“201610526449.0”的“一体成型栽培泡沫板”；
所述的营养液储存箱31与高压泵37之间的管路为低压管路，高压泵37与高压细水雾喷头311之间的管路为高压管路；所述的磁化器34、第一压力传感器35、第二压力传感器38、高压泵37、低压球阀36、高压球阀39、压力调节阀310、低压管路、高压管路均为市售产品。
本发明使用时，可将多个基本单元拼装在一起使用，如图10所示，给出的是6个基本单元拼装在一起，拼接每个基本单元时，由连接板将支腿、托框、边撑、左斜撑、右斜撑连接在一起，底部通过搭接撑将相邻两底板撑连接在一起，顶部通过连接撑321连接在一起，安装简单，方便拆卸。
使用时，将定植棉包裹住植物苗放入定植杯中即可，植物在栽培孔定植后基本保持垂直姿态，使植物直立生长，减少遮光，在生长的过程中每个植物、每片叶子都有生长空间、都能得到充足的阳光照射，都能充分吸收水分和养分，确保植物快速均匀生长，产量大大提高，品质大大提高，装在营养液储存箱31内 的营养液先通过过滤器33过滤、并通过磁化器34磁化，再由高压泵37输送至各个高压细水雾喷头雾化后喷出，弥漫至整个喷雾空间，使叶菜类蔬菜处于一种最佳的根域状态下进行生长发育，未被植物吸收的营养液通过回流孔重新流入营养液供应箱循环使用，与现有技术相比，本发明框架刚性好，结构设计科学、简单、合理，形成一套标准件，同时解决了运输循环使用和临时场地放置的问题，可根据栽培规模的大小将多个栽培架标准模块轻松拼装使用，弥补了传统茄果类栽培架的不足，不仅降低了成本，而且在提高植物培植效率方面优势更为明显，其结构新颖独特，简单合理，易生产，方便运输，可快速拼装，完成栽培区域的整体布置，省工省时，不仅降低了成本，而且在提高植物培植效率方面优势更为明显，脱离了土地这种传统的农业栽培载体，将叶菜类蔬菜生长所需的营养物质(水溶液)通过雾的形式送至蔬菜根部。雾流速度快、密度大、雾流均匀、覆盖面广、湍流程度高，对空气的卷吸能力强，可同时满足根部对空气、水分及养分的需求；雾粒直径1-100μm，可提高叶菜类蔬菜对养分的吸收效率，具有节水、节肥、节地、节能、环保、洁净、安全、投资省、成本低、用工少、易操作和产品高产、优质等优点，使用方便，效果好，有良好的社会和经济效益。
实施例4
由图14-20给出，本发明的用于叶菜类作物的模块化栽培架，是由多个基本单元拼装在一起构成的，每个基本单元包括底座和设置在所述底座上的支撑架，支撑架是由一端相连的左斜撑43、右斜撑44和横向装在两斜撑之间的横向支撑46构成的“A”字形，支撑架有对称的两组，两组支撑架之间通过顶部的连接撑42固定连接，两组支撑架的左斜撑和右斜撑上均设置有泡沫栽培板，左斜撑和右斜撑上均设置有用于固定泡沫栽培板的卡件45。
为保证使用效果，所述的底座包括竖直设置的支腿49、设置在所述支腿顶部的上框架和设置在所述支腿下部的下框架，所述的上框架是由平行相间设置的两个托框410和与托框垂直且呈平行相间设置的两个边撑412构成的方框形，托框410和边撑412的端部均与支腿49上端连接在一起；
所述的泡沫栽培板下方的底座上设置有PEP农用黑白膜，托框410的截面呈L形PEP农用黑白膜的上沿通过压条固定在托框的底面上，PEP农用黑白膜的下部落在下框架上，构成栽培叶菜类作物的根系栽培空间，所述的栽培空间下部的PEP农用黑白膜上设置有营养液回流孔；
所述的托框410和边撑412的端部均通过连接板48与支腿上端连接在一起。左斜撑43和右斜撑44下端与连接板48固定在一起；
所述的下框架包括底板撑47和搭接撑411，底板撑47设置在两支腿之间，搭接撑411的两端设置有与底板撑相对应的卡槽411a，搭接撑411通过两端的卡槽411a卡装在两底板撑47之间，构成两两基本单元之间的连接结构，下框架上可增设一块底托板414，PEP农用黑白膜可落在底托板上拖住PEP农用黑白膜；
所述的卡槽411a外侧的搭接撑上设置有固定孔411b；
所述的泡沫栽培板包括基板41，基板41上均布有向上倾斜设置的多个栽培孔413，栽培孔413内设置有定植杯415；
所述的栽培孔413呈交错均布设置，两两栽培孔之间的横向间距L为160mm，纵向间距H为170mm；
所述的定植杯415上口部的外壁上设置有凸沿，凸沿卡装在栽培孔的上口部，将定植杯托住，构成定植杯的固定结构；
所述的栽培孔413的轴线与基板表面的夹角a为30°，基板表面与竖直面的夹角为30°；
所述的栽培孔413为孔径为30mm的通孔；
所述的基板41的厚度D为30mm。
本发明使用时，可将多个基本单元拼装在一起使用，如图16所示，给出的是6个基本单元拼装在一起，拼接每个基本单元时，由连接板将支腿、托框、边撑、左斜撑、右斜撑连接在一起，底部通过搭接撑将相邻两底板撑连接在一起，顶部通过连接撑42连接在一起，安装简单，方便拆卸。使用时，喷射营养液的气雾喷头伸入PEP农用黑白膜构成的栽培空间内，使伸入栽培空间的作物根系充分吸收进行各种代谢活动，栽培空间下部的PEP农用黑白膜上可设置有营养液回流孔，营养液回流孔可以与回流管连接，回流管与营养液储存箱相连，收集的未被吸收的营养液经回液管回流至营养液储存箱进行循环利用。
泡沫栽培板上的多个栽培孔按最利于叶菜类植物生长的株距和行距错位布置，充分利用基板的有效空间，确保植物的培植效率，使用时，将定植棉包裹住植物苗放入定植杯中即可，栽培孔内的定植杯与基板板面呈30°夹角，基板表面与竖直面的夹角为30°，使植物在栽培孔定植后基本保持垂直姿态，使植物直立生长，减少遮光，在生长的过程中每个植物、每片叶子都有生长空间、都能得到充足的阳光照射，都能充分吸收水分和养分，确保植物快速均匀生长，产量大大提高，品质大大提高。该泡沫栽培板比传统气雾栽培泡沫板技术更先进，结构更合理，最适宜叶菜类植物的生长，最大化发挥植物的增长潜力，使叶菜类植物生长量、生物量大大提高，在农业技术领域必将具有广泛的应用前景。
上述结构中，根据所需基本单元的数量，所有构件可一次完成下料及钣金制作，确保尺寸规格一致，方便进行快速拼装，完成栽培区域的整体布置，省工省时，安装效率大大提高。
本发明的模块化栽培架框架刚性好，结构设计科学、简单、合理，形成一套标准件，同时解决了运输循环使用和临时场地放置的问题，可根据栽培规模的大小将多个栽培架标准模块轻松拼装使用，弥补了传统茄果类栽培架的不足，不仅降低了成本，而且在提高植物培植效率方面优势更为明显，必将在农业开发领域实现真正意义上产业化，前景广阔。
综上所述，本发明通过将作物幼苗的根系裸露在栽培架或栽培架的内部，营养液通过营养液供应系统雾化后为微米级雾滴，雾粒直径1-100μm，直接喷射到植物根系以提供植物生长所需的水分和养分，植物根系直接与空气接触，是所有无土栽培技术中根系水气矛盾解决得最好的一种形式，植物生长不受阻力，根系十分发达，作物产量大幅度提高，同时也易于自动化控制和进行立体栽培，提高温室空间的利用率，与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
1)绿色
本发明的高压细水雾生态栽培系统脱离土壤，工厂化种植，从源头上防止了病原菌的入侵，无农药污染、无传统肥料(有机肥、化肥等)污染、无重金属污染等，基本上无病虫害，人工精确调配植物所需的各种营养，生产的植物既绿色又高品质，有更好的营养和口感，营养元素的充分高效利用也使得植物硝酸盐含量大大降低，从而达到真正意义上的绿色无污染；
2)节水节肥
本发明的高压细水雾生态栽培系统实现了真正意义上的水肥一体化，可根据植物的生长需要精确地供水供肥。营养液的吸收利用率高，且能循环利用，水的利用率接近100％，肥的利用率接近100％，节水节肥；
3)节地，立体生产
本发明的高压细水雾生态栽培系统采用立体栽培，不依赖土壤，更远离传统意义上的耕地，大大提高单位面积种植效率，空间利用率高，可以在荒地、沙漠、荒山、屋顶、硬化地面乃至局部水面、海岛、高山种植；同样的占地面积其种植面积是常规的3-4倍，空间的布局合理化、集约化，从而向空间发展而大大增加耕地的数量与面积；
4)高产
本发明的高压细水雾生态栽培系统种植蔬菜，植物根系十分发达，产量大大提高，与传统土地种植相比，叶菜类产量可提高10-20倍，茄果类产量可提高5-10倍；
5)环保
本发明高压细水雾生态栽培系统省水省肥，由于脱离了土地，更不会像传统的农药化肥一样污染空气，没有任何水外排，不会对空气、土地及水体造成污染，无水土流失、无次生污染等灾害，安全环保；
6)节省劳动力
本发明的高压细水雾生态栽培系统生产过程全自动化，只需收、种，再无其他的传统农业劳动，如耕地等，操作简单，老人、妇女等弱体力者均可参加，节约人工成本，再无重体力劳动；
7)规模化、标准化种植
本发明的高压细水雾生态栽培系统种植规模可大可小，从几百平米到成千上万亩均可实现；生产工厂化运作的农业设施，实现精细化种植，对生产过程进行标准化管理，实现产品溯源；产出的产品在外观、大小、品质等方面均质化程度高；生产过程中，可通过互联网及智能物联网系统，实现用户通过移动设备实时查询；
8)优质
云雾栽培的叶菜类蔬菜维生素含量比普通蔬菜高3-5倍，口感好、营养高，芳香类蔬菜比土壤栽培香味更浓；
9)实现功能农业
针对我国区域性人群硒、锌、铁、钙、碘等矿物质缺乏现状，添加相应的矿物质植物营养剂，营养精准调制，生产富硒、锌、铁、钙、碘等功能性食品。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，其包括营养液供应系统和栽培架(12)，作物幼苗(15)的根部(2)包裹在定植海绵体(14)内，所述的定植海绵体(14)固定在所述的栽培架(12)上，所述的营养液供应系统包括营养液储存箱(1)、过滤器(3)、磁化器(4)、低压球阀(6)、高压泵(7)、高压球阀(9)和高压细水雾喷头(10)，所述的营养液储存箱(1)的出液口经串联的所述的过滤器(3)、所述的磁化器(4)和所述的低压球阀(6)而与所述的高压泵(7)的进水口相连，所述的高压泵(7)的出水口经所述的高压球阀(9)与置于所述的栽培架(12)内的所述的高压细水雾喷头(10)相连，装在所述的营养液储存箱(1)内的营养液先通过所述的过滤器(3)过滤、并通过所述的磁化器(4)磁化，再由所述的高压泵(7)输送至所述的高压细水雾喷头(10)雾化后喷出，将雾化后的营养液送入所述的栽培架(12)内，雾粒直径1-100μm，弥漫性强，雾流有一定动力，卷吸空气，使气液直接与所述的作物幼苗(15)的根部(2)接触，供给所述的作物幼苗(15)所需营养。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的磁化器(4)和所述的低压球阀(6)之间的管路上装有第一压力传感器(5)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的高压泵(7)和所述的高压球阀(9)之间的管路上装有第二压力传感器(8)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的栽培架(12)为中空的容器结构，其底板上开有溢流孔(11)，所述的高压泵(7)的出水口经压力调节阀(16)分别与所述的溢流孔(11)和所述的营养液储存箱(1)的进口相连，构成压力调节式溢流结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的高压细水雾喷头(10)的喷射方向与所述作物幼苗(15)的根部(2)正对。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的栽培架(12)安装在支架(13)上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的营养液是由重量计的硝酸钙95kg、硝酸钾81kg、硫酸镁50kg、磷酸二氢铵15.5kg、EDTA铁钠盐15-25kg、硼酸0.3kg、硫酸锰0.2kg、硫酸锌0.022kg、硫酸铜0.005kg和钼酸钠或钼酸铵0.002kg加入100t水中混合均匀制成的。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的栽培架(12)由多个基本单元拼装而成。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的基本单元包括底座和设置在所述底座上的支撑架，所述的支撑架是由一端相连的左斜撑、右斜撑和横向装在两斜撑之间的横向管道支撑构成的“A”字形，所述的支撑架有对称的两组，两组支撑架之间通过顶部的连接撑固定连接，两组支撑架的左斜撑和右斜撑上均设置有泡沫栽培板，所述的泡沫栽培板下方的底座上设置有由PEP农用黑白膜构成的底部密封，底部密封和两侧泡沫栽培板共同围成作物幼苗根部的喷雾空间，所述的高压泵的出水口经所述的高压球阀与多个喷雾管道的进水口相连，所述的喷雾管道伸入每个基本单元的喷雾空间，伸入部分的喷雾管道上设置有多个高压细水雾喷头，构成营养液的雾化结构。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的高压细水雾喷头(10)的数量为一个或多个。
  11. 一种高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，其包括水处理设备、营养液供给系统总成(21)、栽培架总成(22)和营养液回流系统总成(23)；其中，所述的营养液供给系统总成(21)把营养液加压后输送到所述的栽培架总成(22)，所述的栽培架总成(22)对作物幼苗进行定植、培育，所述的营养液回流系统总成(23)回收未被作物幼苗吸收的营养液，进行重复循环利用。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的系统中还设置有控制柜，所述的控制柜是为所述的系统提供动力和对所述的系统进行控制的配套电控柜。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的营养液供给系统总成(21)中设置有多个分区控制阀(2112-1，2112-2，…，2112-N)，所述的多个分区控制阀实现对所述的栽培架总成(22)中的多个栽培架分时段、分区域地进行喷雾控制。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的营养液供给系统总成(21)中设置有过滤器(214)，并且所述的过滤器(214)的一个出口设置有压力控制器(2111)，所述的压力控制器用于对所述的过滤器(214)进行检测并向控制柜反馈堵塞信号，在所述控制柜接收到所述堵塞信号后，所述控制柜上相应的报警器会报警，从而在发现报警后便于及时维修。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的营养液供给系统总成(21)中的高压泵组(215)的出液口设置有溢流阀(216)，所述的溢流阀(216)用于系统卸荷和控制系统的压力，从而保证系统运行过程中的压力稳定以及实现对所述的高压泵组(215)的安全保护，并且所述的溢流阀(216)的一个溢流口通过第二管道(2110)与营养液储存箱(212)连接，从而形成回路。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的栽培架总成(22)中的多个栽培架(221-1，221-2，…，221-N)中的每一个的底部均设置有营养液收集口，所述的营养液收集口分别设置有相应的营养液回流管(2222-1，2222-2，…，2222-N)，每个所述的营养液回流管均与回流总管(2222)连接，收集的营养液回流入所述营养液回流系统总成(23)的营养液回流箱(232)内再次重复利用。
  17. 根据权利要求11所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的营养液回流系统总成(23)的营养液回流箱(232)设置有液位开关(231)，所述的营养液回流箱的液位上升到预定高度时，营养液回流泵(233)启动，经回补液过滤器(234)、紫外线消毒器(236)将营养液回流箱(232)内的营养液加压过滤消毒杀菌后，通过总输送管道(235)输送到营养液供给系统总成(21)的营养液储存箱(212)，用于重复循环使用。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的营养液是由重量计的硝酸钙95kg、硝酸钾81kg、硫酸镁50kg、磷酸二氢铵15.5kg、EDTA铁钠盐15-25kg、硼酸0.3kg、硫酸锰0.2kg、硫酸锌0.022kg、硫酸铜0.005kg和钼酸钠或钼酸铵0.002kg加入经过所述水处理设备处理后的100t水中混合均匀制成的。
  19. 根据权利要求13或16所述的高压细水雾生态栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的栽培架是由多个基本单元拼装在一起构成的，所述的基本单元包括底座和设置在所述底座上的支撑架，所述的支撑架是由一端 相连的左斜撑、右斜撑和横向装在两斜撑之间的横向管道支撑构成的“A”字形，所述的支撑架有对称的两组，两组支撑架之间通过顶部的连接撑固定连接，两组支撑架的左斜撑和右斜撑上均设置有泡沫栽培板，所述的泡沫栽培板下方的底座上设置有由PEP农用黑白膜构成的底部密封，底部密封和两侧泡沫栽培板共同围成作物幼苗根部的喷雾空间。
  20. 一种叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，该栽培系统包括营养液供应系统和叶菜类蔬菜栽培架，所述的叶菜类蔬菜栽培架是由多个基本单元拼装在一起构成的，每个基本单元包括底座和设置在所述底座上的支撑架，所述的支撑架是由一端相连的左斜撑(318)、右斜撑(319)和横向装在两斜撑之间的横向管道支撑(322)构成的“A”字形，所述的支撑架有对称的两组，两组支撑架之间通过顶部的连接撑(321)固定连接，两组支撑架的左斜撑和右斜撑上均设置有泡沫栽培板(323)，所述的泡沫栽培板下方的底座上设置有由PEP农用黑白膜(324)构成的底部密封，底部密封和两侧泡沫栽培板共同围成叶菜类蔬菜根系的喷雾空间(325)，所述的营养液供应系统包括营养液储存箱(31)、过滤器(33)、磁化器(34)、低压球阀(36)、高压泵(37)、高压球阀(39)和高压细水雾喷头(311)，所述的营养液储存箱(31)的出液口经串联的所述的过滤器(33)、所述的磁化器(34)、所述的低压球阀(36)而与所述的高压泵(37)的进水口相连，所述的高压泵(37)的出水口经所述的高压球阀(39)与多个喷雾管道(32)的进水口相连，所述的喷雾管道(32)伸入每个基本单元的喷雾空间，伸入部分的喷雾管道上设置有多个高压细水雾喷头(311)，构成营养液的雾化结构。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的底座包括竖直设置的支腿(314)、设置在所述支腿顶部的上框架和设置在所述支腿下部的下框架，所述的上框架是由平行相间设置的两个托框(312)和与托框垂直且呈平行相间设置的两个边撑(316)构成的方框形，所述的托框和所述的边撑的端部均与支腿上端连接在一起。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的托框的截面呈L形，PEP农用黑白膜的上沿通过压条固定在托框的底面上，PEP农用黑白膜的下部落在下框架上，构成喷雾空间的底部密封。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的托框和所述的边撑的端部均通过连接板(15)与支腿上端连接在一起。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的下框架包括底板撑(313)和搭接撑(317)，所述的底板撑(313)设置在两支腿之间，所述的搭接撑(317)的两端设置有与所述的底板撑相对应的卡槽(317a)，所述的搭接撑通过两端的卡槽卡装在两底板撑之间，构成两两基本单元之间的连接结构。
  25. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的PEP农用黑白膜(324)的底部设置有营养液回流孔(324a)，所述的高压泵(37)的出水口经压力调节阀(310)分别与所述的营养液储存箱(31)的进口和各基本单元的PEP农用黑白膜底部的回流孔相连，构成压力调节式溢流结构。
  26. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的叶菜类蔬菜栽培架上设置有温度传感器，温度传感器经控制器与所述的高压泵(37)相连。
  27. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，每个基本单元喷雾空间内的高压细水雾喷头均有对称设置的两组，每组包括喷射方向水平设置的第一细水雾喷头(311a)和喷射方向竖直向上设置的第二细水雾喷头(311b)，喷雾管道(32)置于每个基本单元的横向管道支撑上，每组的第一细水雾喷头(311a)有2个，分别经斜向支管道(326)设置在喷雾管道的两侧，第二细水雾喷头(311b)经竖直支管道(27)设置在喷雾管道上方。
  28. 根据权利要求20-24中的任一项所述的叶菜类蔬菜的栽培系统，其特征在于，所述的磁化器(34)和所述的低压球阀(36)之间的管路上设置有第一压力传感器(35)，所述的高压泵(37)与所述的高压球阀(39)之间的管路上设置有第二压力传感器(38)。
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