WO2017198080A1 - 一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置 - Google Patents

一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017198080A1
WO2017198080A1 PCT/CN2017/083295 CN2017083295W WO2017198080A1 WO 2017198080 A1 WO2017198080 A1 WO 2017198080A1 CN 2017083295 W CN2017083295 W CN 2017083295W WO 2017198080 A1 WO2017198080 A1 WO 2017198080A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode
arc
breaking
surge protection
cavity
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PCT/CN2017/083295
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王战
潘源礼
黄兴英
冯谟潇
梁庆杰
黄守宁
Original Assignee
广西新全通电子技术有限公司
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Application filed by 广西新全通电子技术有限公司 filed Critical 广西新全通电子技术有限公司
Priority to EP17798643.7A priority Critical patent/EP3460938B1/en
Priority to US16/302,668 priority patent/US10892129B2/en
Publication of WO2017198080A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017198080A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/08—Limitation or suppression of earth fault currents, e.g. Petersen coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/144—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors the terminals or tapping points being welded or soldered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/0039—Means for influencing the rupture process of the fusible element
    • H01H85/0047—Heating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/20—Bases for supporting the fuse; Separate parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/30—Means for indicating condition of fuse structurally associated with the fuse
    • H01H85/303—Movable indicating elements
    • H01H85/306—Movable indicating elements acting on an auxiliary switch or contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/36—Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit protection device, and more particularly to a surge protection device having a function of preventing arc generation and rapid breaking under a short-circuit overload current.
  • Surge protectors or surge suppressors also known as surge protectors, provide protection against overvoltage protection for electronic components on various sensitive or expensive electronic devices, such as computers and communications-related equipment.
  • the existing surge protection devices are usually designed for surge overvoltage protection under medium or general conditions, so when the surge overvoltage energy is small or the time is short, the surge protection device at this time cannot be fast and sensitive.
  • voltage-sensitive protection components such as varistor
  • varistor is an electronic device consisting of zinc oxide particles and complex intragranular particles. It is a voltage nonlinear device. The unique voltage and current characteristics are ideal protection devices for sensitive electronic circuits, but its material composition.
  • the existing surge protector or surge suppressor with arc extinguishing function generally uses arcing method to shield and cut off the arc.
  • Chinese Patent No. 200810088691.X discloses a thermal protection varistor module and a Chinese patent. No. 201420145977.8 discloses a design of a surge suppressor with an arc extinguishing function.
  • the switch electrode of the response switch assembly is thermally disengaged, the separating action adopts a method of shielding and cutting the arc.
  • the arc mechanism needs a stroke to reach the position to shield and cut the arc.
  • the arcing mechanism cannot enter the gap of the switch electrode to cut off the arc at the moment of the switch separation. Therefore, the varistor under these conditions will instantaneously overload, overheat and finally Causes fire, explosion, and such catastrophic damage will burn nearby sensitive electronic devices and components, causing the entire electronic system to collapse and damage.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects and deficiencies of the existing surge protection device caused by overvoltage and overload of the device, and provide a novel fast response surge protection device, which can effectively prevent arc generation and overload in short circuit.
  • the rapid separation of the surge protection device can fundamentally eliminate fire hazards and ensure the safety of electronic equipment.
  • the present invention has been achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the invention provides an arc-proof quick-breaking surge protection device, comprising an arc-proof component, a voltage-sensitive component, an electrode lead-out leg, a response switch component and a casing composed of an inner casing and an outer cover.
  • the arc-proof assembly includes an arc-proof ejector and an elastic element; the voltage-sensitive component is composed of at least one voltage-sensitive component; the electrode lead-out leg includes a soft conductor, a first electrode lead-out leg and a second electrode lead-out leg; and the responsive switch component includes a heat-sensitive component,
  • the front electrode and the trip electrode formed by the movable electrode sheet, the electrode soldering end and the breaking position form an electrical connection.
  • the first cavity and the second cavity are formed when the inner casing is engaged with the outer cover, and the arc-proof assembly and the response switch assembly are disposed on the first cavity.
  • the voltage sensitive component may be composed of a varistor or a discharge tube, a discharge gap and the like, and is disposed in the second cavity.
  • a metal electrode sheet is disposed on the front and back sides of the voltage sensitive component, and the front electrode is disposed on one of the metal electrode sheets, and the second cavity protrudes from the second cavity into the first cavity, and the front electrode is provided with the electrode soldering end protruding Slot; the other metal electrode has a back electrode on the second cavity.
  • the front end of the arc-proof ejector is provided with a through hole for the electrode welding end to protrude.
  • the position of the through hole corresponds to the position of the slot to ensure the electrode welding end Can pass through the through hole and slot at the same time.
  • the breaking position is a metal alloy material that is vaporized instantaneously after being blown.
  • the breaking position will melt and vaporize, thereby promoting the removal.
  • the movable electrode piece of the button electrode and the electrode welding end are separated, that is, the surge protection device has the function of rapidly breaking under the short circuit overload current.
  • the arc ejector is provided with a venting hole.
  • the breaking position corresponds to the position of the vent hole to ensure that the breaking position is
  • the generated explosive gas wave can be discharged through the vent hole, and at the same time, the effect of instantaneously elongating and blowing the arc by the air wave can be achieved.
  • the thermal element is a fusible metal alloy solder that can be preset to its melting temperature threshold, and the thermal element melts rapidly when the preset temperature threshold is reached.
  • the invention further illustrates that the surge protection device further includes a pointing device and a remote signaling alert device indicating its operational status.
  • the indicating device is an electrical indicating device such as a light emitting diode or a mechanical indicating device.
  • An indication window for displaying the operating state of the pointing device is provided on the outer cover, that is, the surge protection device has a function of an operating state indication and a remote signaling alarm.
  • the trip electrode When the surge protection device is used in the power system, the trip electrode is hidden in the arc-proof ejector, and the electrode soldering end protrudes through the through hole and the slot, and the electrical connection between the thermal element and the front electrode is electrically connected; a cavity is provided with a slot, a card slot is disposed on the second cavity, the first electrode lead-out enters the first cavity through the slot, and the second electrode lead-out enters the second cavity through the card slot; the soft conductor The two ends are electrically connected to the movable electrode piece and the inner end of the first electrode lead-out leg by metal alloy solder soldering or spot welding, and the back electrode is formed by the metal alloy solder soldering and the second electrode lead-out leg inner end.
  • the outer end of the first electrode lead and the outer end of the second electrode lead out of the inner casing become external pins, and the two external pins are respectively connected to the phase line and the neutral line or the ground line. Therefore, the switch component and the voltage sensitive component are connected in series to form a normally closed working state, and the switch of the remote signaling device is not subjected to external stress, that is, the normal working state of the surge protection device.
  • the elastic member is composed of a first elastic member and a second elastic member.
  • the first elastic member is disposed on the arc-proof ejector, and the movable electrode sheet is biased by the second elastic member disposed on the first cavity, and the arc-proof ejector is biased by the same. If the voltage sensitive component causes the temperature of the voltage sensitive component to rise due to the short circuit overload current on the line and the leakage current generated by its own life aging, this temperature is transmitted to the front electrode, causing the thermal element on the temperature element to reach the preset temperature threshold and melt.
  • the electrode piece Under the elastic stress of the first elastic member, the electrode piece rapidly ejects the electrode welding end back into the arc-proof ejector before the arc is generated, and the arc-proof ejector is subjected to the elastic stress of the second elastic member to move away from the front electrode. catapult.
  • the molten heat-sensitive element on the electrode soldering end is scraped off by the through hole, and sufficient insulation strength is formed between the front electrode and the electrode soldering end to completely isolate the electrical connection between the tripping electrode and the front electrode.
  • the breaking position on the opening temporarily melts and vaporizes, so that the movable electrode piece and the electrode welding end are separated, and at the same time
  • the movable electrode piece is ejected in a direction away from the welding end of the electrode by the elastic stress of the first elastic member, and the arc-proof ejector is ejected in a direction away from the front electrode by the elastic stress of the second elastic member, wherein The movable electrode piece is hidden in the arc-proof ejector.
  • the working state of the response switch assembly is changed from normally closed to normally open.
  • the indicating device on the surge protection device is moved and displaced, and the change from the indication window to the normal working state can be observed (for example, changing to a red display)
  • the switch of the remote signaling alarm device is subjected to external stress, which causes the switching state to change, thereby sending an electrical signal indicating that the surge protection device is protected from failure.
  • the elastic stress of the first elastic member is usually preset to be larger than that of the second elastic member to ensure that the electrode welding end of the response switch assembly can be quickly ejected and always hidden in the arc prevention when the tripping electrode in the switch assembly is instantaneously disengaged. In the ejector, there is always sufficient insulation between the through hole and the through hole.
  • the present invention has advantages:
  • the anti-arc type quick-disconnecting surge protection device of the invention has the protection function of instantaneous ejection and detachment (such as leakage current caused by aging of its own life) and over-voltage short-circuit overload instantaneous ejection and detachment, and the response switch assembly is heated and heated.
  • the tripping electrode When the instantaneous ejection is detached, the tripping electrode can be hidden, or the explosive gas generated when the tripping electrode is broken by the short-circuit overload is instantaneously elongated and blows off the arc, regardless of the detachment condition, the protection device Both can be instantaneously disconnected and the tripping electrode hidden, and an effective dielectric strength is formed when the arc is not generated, completely preventing arc generation, which is not currently available in surge protection devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure disassembly of a surge protection device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the back surface of the inner casing in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a normal working state of a surge protection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the thermal protection of the surge protection device after the thermal trip in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the breaking current of the surge protection device in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a combined structure of an arc-proof ejector and a trip electrode in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a normal working state of a surge protection device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the thermal protection of the surge protection device after the thermal trip in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the breaking current of the surge protection device in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the normal operation state of the surge protection device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the thermal protection of the surge protection device after the thermal trip in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the breaking current of the surge protection device in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the combined structure of the inner casing and the arc-proof ejector in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the normal operation state of the surge protection device in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the thermal protection of the surge protection device after the thermal trip in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the breaking current of the surge protection device in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a view showing a special structure of the trip electrode of the present invention.
  • the surge protection device of the present invention does not limit the material types of the voltage sensitive component, the elastic component, the first elastic component, the second elastic component, and the soft conductor, in the following specific embodiments.
  • the elastic element 3 is a compression spring 3
  • the first elastic member 3a is a first compression spring 3a
  • the second elastic member 3b is a second compression spring 3b
  • the voltage sensitive element 5 is a varistor 5
  • the soft conductor 7 is soft.
  • the copper wire 7 is taken as an example to describe in detail the structure of the surge protection device of the present invention.
  • an arc-proof quick-breaking surge protection device includes an inner casing 1, an outer cover 2, two first compression springs 3a, two second compression springs 3b, and an arc-proof ejection. 4, a varistor 5, a soft copper wire 7, a first electrode lead 8, a second electrode lead 9, a pointing device 10, a remote signaling device 20 and a tripping electrode 6;
  • the movable electrode piece 6a and the electrode welding end 6b are formed by forming an electrical connection by the breaking position 6c.
  • the two metal electrode pieces of the varistor 5 are respectively soldered to the front and back of the two silver electrode surfaces of the varistor 5, wherein one of the metal electrode sheets has a front electrode 51, and the front electrode 51 is further opened.
  • the slot 51a from which the electrode soldering end 6b protrudes; the other metal tab is formed by extending the bent portion from the plane thereof to form the back surface electrode 52.
  • the inner casing 1 has a frame structure. When the inner casing 1 and the outer cover 2 are engaged by a latching manner, a first cavity 1a is formed on the front surface of the inner casing 1, and a second cavity is formed on the back surface of the inner casing 1. 1b.
  • the front electrode 51 protrudes through the electrode hole 11 of the inner case 1 penetrating the first cavity 1a and the second cavity 1b to the first cavity 1a.
  • the slot 51a is also in the first cavity 1a; the back electrode 52 extends into the recess 12 on the side of the second cavity 1b.
  • a guide rail 13 perpendicular to the bottom of the inner casing 1 is disposed on each side of the electrode hole 11 on the first cavity 1a, and the long groove openings of the two guide rails 13 are opposed to each other.
  • a slot 14 penetrating the bottom of the inner casing 1 is provided on the bottom of the side of the first cavity 1a farthest from the recess 12.
  • a card slot 15 having an L-shape and penetrating the bottom of the inner casing 1 is disposed on the side of the second cavity 1b closest to the recess 12, and the inner end of the card slot 15 communicates with the recess 12.
  • the arc-proof ejector 4 is a box-like structure having a cavity, and a spring groove 42 is provided on each side of the cavity.
  • the front wall of the arc-proof ejector 4 is provided with a through hole 4a for projecting the electrode welding end 6b, and a wing arm 41 capable of being inserted into the guide rail 13 is disposed on each side of the arc-proof ejector 4, and the front electrode 51 protrudes from the electrode hole At 11 o'clock, the arc-proof ejector 4 slides on the guide rail 13 by its both side wing arms 41 until it touches the front surface electrode 51, at which time the positions of the through-hole 4a and the slot hole 51a correspond to each other.
  • the arc ejector 4 is further provided with a venting hole 4b.
  • a venting hole 4b When the tripping electrode 6 is hidden in the cavity of the arc ejector 4, and the electrode welding end 6b protrudes out of the through hole 4a, the breaking position 6c and the venting hole 4b The location corresponds.
  • the indicating device 10 is a jack which is disposed at the end of the arc-proof ejector 4 and integral with the arc-proof ejector 4, and is provided at a corresponding position on the outer cover 2 for the indicating device 10 to extend.
  • the indication window 2a, the remote signaling device 20 is an independent switch.
  • the remote signaling device 20 is disposed in the outer cover 2, and the alarm pin 20a extends out of the outer cover 2.
  • the two second compression springs 3b are respectively placed in the two guide rails 13, and the arc-proof ejector 4 is inserted into the guide rails 13 through the side wing arms 41 until the front surface electrodes 51 are touched, and the two second compression springs 3b are in a compressed state.
  • the two first compression springs 3a are respectively placed in the two spring grooves 42, and the trip electrode 6 is inserted into the arc-proof ejector 4 until the electrode welding end 6b protrudes out of the through hole 4a and the slot 51a, and the movable electrode piece 6a oppresses two The first compression spring 3a is in a compressed state, at which time the elastic stress of the first compression spring 3a is greater than the elastic stress of the second compression spring 3b.
  • the electrode soldering end 6b is electrically connected to the front surface electrode 51 by the heat-sensitive element 30; the first electrode lead-out leg 8 and the second electrode lead-out leg 9 are fixed to the inner casing 1 through the slot 14 and the card slot 15, respectively, and The first electrode lead leg outer end 8a and the second electrode lead leg outer end 9a extend outside the inner casing 1 to become an external pin, and the two ends of the soft copper wire 7 are respectively soldered or spot welded by a metal alloy to the movable electrode.
  • the sheet 6a is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out end 8b; the back electrode 52 is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out end 9b by metal alloy solder soldering, so that the electrical conductors are connected in series with the varistor 5 Form a normally closed switch.
  • the two external pins are respectively connected to the phase line and the neutral line or the ground line.
  • the indication device 10 is in the indication window 2a, and the switch of the remote signaling device 20 is The compression of the external stress is the normal working state of the surge protection device.
  • the varistor 5 when the varistor 5 causes a temperature rise of the varistor 5 due to a short-circuit overload current on the line and a leakage current generated by the aging of its own life, this temperature is transmitted to the front electrode 51, causing it to The thermal element 30 is melted by reaching a preset temperature threshold. As shown in FIG. 4, the movable electrode piece 6a is rapidly ejected back into the arc-proof ejector 4 by the elastic stress of the first compression spring 3a, and the arc is prevented.
  • the ejector 4 is ejected in a direction away from the front surface electrode 51 by the elastic stress of the second compression spring 3b, and finally the pointing device 10 extends out of the indication window 2a, the movable electrode piece 6a and the end of the arc-proof ejector 4 to the remote signaling device 20.
  • the switch causes compression and rest, causing its switching state to change. In this way, a mechanical failure indication is completed, and at the same time, the surge protection device is sent to protect the failed remote signal. At this time, a sufficiently large dielectric strength is formed between the electrode welding end 6b and the front surface electrode 51, and the electrical connection between the trip electrode 6 and the front surface electrode 51 is completely isolated.
  • the breaking position 6c thereon is instantaneously melted and vaporized to cause the movable electrode sheet 6a is separated from the electrode welding end 6b.
  • the movable electrode piece 6a and the arc-proof ejector 4 are respectively ejected by the elastic stress of the first compression spring 3a and the second compression spring 3b in a direction away from the front electrode 51.
  • the indicating device 10 extends out of the indicating window 2a, and the end of the movable electrode piece 6a and the arc-proof ejector 4 presses and stops the switch of the remote signaling device 20, causing the switching state to change. In this way, a mechanical failure indication is completed, and at the same time, the surge protection device is sent to protect the failed remote signal.
  • the electrode welding end 6b is separated from the movable electrode piece 6a, and a sufficiently large dielectric strength is formed between the electrode welding end 6b and the movable electrode piece 6a, and the electrical connection between the movable electrode piece 6a and the front surface electrode 51 is completely isolated.
  • Embodiment 1 Another embodiment of an arc-proof quick-breaking surge protection device of the present invention.
  • This embodiment has a similar structure and usage as most of the components of Embodiment 1, the main difference being that the ejection mode of the arc-proof assembly and the structure of the trip electrode 6 are different and the surge protection device does not include the remote signaling device 20.
  • the arc-proof ejector 4 is a cavity structure with an open top, and a T-shaped sliding groove 43 is formed on each of the two sides of the shell wall, and the extending portions of the movable electrode sheets 6a of the tripping electrode 6 pass through
  • the chute 43 extends out of the arc ejector 4, and the front wall of the arc ejector 4 is provided with a through hole 4a extending from the electrode welding end 6b.
  • the electrode welding end 6b protrudes out of the arc-proof ejector 4 through the through-hole 4a.
  • the indicating device 10 is a ram which is disposed at the end of the arc-proof ejector 4 and is integral with the arc-proof ejector 4.
  • FIG. 6 The structure shown in FIG. 6 is replaced with the corresponding structure in FIG. 3.
  • two compression springs 3 are respectively placed in the two guide rails 13, and the movable electrode pieces 6a protrude from both sides of the arc-proof ejector 4
  • the extension portion is inserted into the guide rail 13 and drives the arc-proof ejector 4 until it touches the front electrode 51.
  • the electrode welding end 6b protrudes through the through hole 4a and the slot 51a, and the movable electrode piece 6a presses the two compression springs 3 to make it Compressed.
  • the electrode soldering end 6b is electrically connected to the front surface electrode 51 by the heat sensitive element 30.
  • the two external pins are respectively connected to the phase line and the neutral line or the ground line.
  • the indicating device 10 is retracted in the indication window 2a, that is, the surge protection device. The normal working state.
  • the varistor 5 when the varistor 5 causes a temperature rise of the varistor 5 due to a short-circuit overload current on the line and a leakage current generated by the aging of its own life, this temperature is transmitted to the front electrode 51, causing it to The heat-sensitive element 30 is melted by reaching a preset temperature threshold. As shown in FIG.
  • the movable electrode piece 6a is rapidly elastically ejected back into the through hole 4a by the elastic stress of the compression spring 3, and then the movable electrode piece 6a is bilaterally
  • the extension portion is slid to the end of the chute 43
  • the arc-proof ejector 4 is continued to eject in a direction away from the front electrode 51
  • the indicating device 10 extends out of the indication window 2a and is blocked from being stationary, thus completing a mechanical failure indication.
  • a sufficiently large dielectric strength is formed between the through hole 4a and the electrode soldering end 6b and between the front surface electrode 51 and the through hole 4a, and the electrical connection between the tripping electrode 6 and the front surface electrode 51 is completely isolated.
  • the breaking position 6c thereon is instantaneously melted and vaporized to cause the movable electrode piece 6a.
  • the movable electrode piece 6a is ejected in a direction away from the front surface electrode 51 by the elastic stress of the compression spring 3, and then the extension portions on both sides of the movable electrode piece 6a are slid to the end of the chute 43.
  • the arc-proof ejector 4 is driven to continue to eject in a direction away from the front electrode 51, and finally the indicating device 10 is extended beyond the indicating window 2a and blocked, so that a mechanical failure indication is completed.
  • a sufficiently large dielectric strength is formed between the electrode welding end 6b and the through hole 4a and between the through hole 4a and the movable electrode piece 6a, and the electrical connection between the movable electrode piece 6a and the front surface electrode 51 is completely isolated.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment of an arc-proof quick-breaking surge protection device of the present invention.
  • This embodiment has a similar structure and usage as most of the components of Embodiment 2, the main difference being that the ejection mode of the arc-proof assembly is different and the surge protection device does not include the pointing device 10 and the indication window 2a, but a remote signaling alarm device. 20 as an indication of the working status.
  • the remote signaling device 20 is disposed in the outer cover 2, and the alarm pin 20a extends out of the outer cover 2.
  • the arc ejector 4 is a baffle structure, which is vertically fixed under the electrode hole 11.
  • the baffle is provided with a through hole 4a for the electrode welding end 6b to protrude, and a spring groove 42 is disposed on each side of the through hole 4a.
  • the two compression springs 3 are respectively placed in the two spring grooves 42, and the extension portions on both sides of the movable electrode piece 6a are inserted into the guide rail 13 until the electrode welding end 6b protrudes from the through hole 4a and the slot hole 51a, and the movable electrode piece 6a is pressed against the two.
  • the compression springs 3 are in a compressed state.
  • the electrode soldering end 6b is electrically connected to the front surface electrode 51 by the heat sensitive element 30.
  • the two external pins are respectively connected to the phase line and the neutral line or the ground line. At this time, the switch of the remote signaling device 20 is not pressed by the external stress, that is, The normal working condition of the surge protection device.
  • the varistor 5 when the varistor 5 causes a temperature rise of the varistor 5 due to a short-circuit overload current on the line and a leakage current generated by the aging of its own life, this temperature is transmitted to the front electrode 51, causing it to The heat-sensitive element 30 is melted by reaching a preset temperature threshold.
  • the movable electrode piece 6a is elastically urged by the compression spring 3 to rapidly eject the electrode welding end 6b back into the through hole 4a, and continues to move away from the front electrode 51.
  • the end of the movable electrode piece 6a is pressed against the switch of the remote signaling device 20 and is blocked and stopped, causing the switch state to change, thus sending the surge protection device to protect the failed remote signal.
  • the through hole 4a and the electrode A sufficiently large dielectric strength is formed between the welded ends 6b to completely isolate the electrical connection between the trip electrode 6 and the front electrode 51.
  • the breaking position 6c thereon is instantaneously melted and vaporized to cause the movable electrode piece 6a.
  • the movable electrode piece 6a Separated from the electrode welding end 6b, as shown in FIG. 12, the movable electrode piece 6a is ejected in a direction away from the front electrode 51 by the elastic stress of the compression spring 3, and finally the end of the movable electrode piece 6a is pressed against the switch of the remote signaling device 20. It is blocked and still, causing its switching state to change, thus sending out the surge protection device to protect the failed remote signal.
  • a sufficiently large dielectric strength is formed between the electrode welding end 6b and the movable electrode piece 6a, and the electrical connection between the movable electrode piece 6a and the front surface electrode 51 is completely isolated.
  • Embodiment 1 Another embodiment of an arc-proof quick-breaking surge protection device of the present invention.
  • This embodiment has a similar structure and usage as most of the components of Embodiment 1, the main difference being that the structure of the inner casing and the arc-proof ejector 4 are different and the operating state of the surge protection device is different.
  • the arc-proof ejector 4 is a box-like structure having a cavity, and a spring groove 42 is disposed on each side of the cavity, and the front wall of the arc-proof ejector 4 is provided with an electrode welding end 6b.
  • the through hole 4a and the arc ejector 4 are further provided with a vent hole 4b.
  • the indicating device 10 is a baffle structure designed on the side of the arc-proof ejector 4, and the other side of the arc-proof ejector 4 extends a wing arm 41 capable of placing a spring, and the remote signaling device 20 is a bump. Designed at the end of the wing arm 41.
  • a remote letter notch 16 is formed on the bottom surface of the first cavity 1a of the inner casing 1, and two restriction blocks 17 and an electrode baffle 18 capable of placing a spring are disposed on the first cavity 1a.
  • a second compression spring 3b two ends of a second compression spring 3b are respectively fixed on the electrode baffle 18 and the wing arm 41, and the arc-proof ejector 4 is orientated by the limiting block 17 until it touches the front electrode 51, and the second compression spring 3b is in a compressed state.
  • the two first compression springs 3a are respectively placed in the two spring grooves 42, and the trip electrode 6 is inserted into the arc-proof ejector 4 until the electrode welding end 6b protrudes out of the through hole 4a and the slot 51a, and the movable electrode piece 6a oppresses two
  • the first compression spring 3a is in a compressed state, and at this time, the elastic pressure of the first compression spring 3a is larger than that of the second compression spring 3b.
  • the electrode soldering end 6b is electrically connected to the front surface electrode 51 by the heat sensitive element 30.
  • the two external pins are respectively connected to the phase line or the ground line.
  • the remote signaling device 20 blocks the remote signal gap 16, and the indicating device 10 is at the inner casing.
  • the first end 1c of the outer wall indicates that the window 2a corresponds to the second end 1d of the outer wall of the inner casing 1, that is, the normal working state of the surge protection device.
  • the varistor 5 when the varistor 5 causes a temperature rise of the varistor 5 due to a short-circuit overload current on the line and a leakage current generated by the aging of its own life, this temperature is transmitted to the front electrode 51, causing it to The thermal element 30 is melted by reaching a preset temperature threshold. As shown in FIG. 15, the movable electrode piece 6a is rapidly ejected back into the arc-proof ejector 4 by the elastic stress of the first compression spring 3a, and the arc is prevented.
  • the ejector 4 is ejected in a direction away from the front electrode 51 by the elastic stress of the second compression spring 3b, and finally the remote signaling device 20 is staggered from the remote notch 16, and the pointing device 10 is moved to the second end 1d and blocked, so that A mechanical failure indication was completed.
  • a sufficiently large dielectric strength is formed between the through hole 4a and the electrode soldering end 6b and between the front surface electrode 51 and the through hole 4a, and the electrical connection between the tripping electrode 6 and the front surface electrode 51 is completely isolated.
  • the breaking position 6c thereon is instantaneously melted and vaporized to cause the movable electrode piece 6a.
  • the movable electrode piece 6a and the arc-proof ejector 4 are respectively ejected in the direction away from the front electrode 51 by the elastic stress of the first compression spring 3a and the second compression spring 3b.
  • the remote signaling device 20 is offset from the remote notch 16, and the pointing device 10 is moved to the second end 1d and blocked from stationary, thus completing a mechanical failure indication.
  • the outer surface of the indicator device 10 can be coated with a striking color, such as red.
  • a color change can be observed from the indicating window 2a, thereby indicating that the varistor 5 has been protected from failure; meanwhile, if the user uses the remote signaling device 20 to trigger The switch passing through the remote letter gap 16 on the assembly platform, when the remote signal warning device 20 that originally blocked the remote signal gap 16 to press the button of the switch is staggered from the remote signal gap 16, and the button of the switch is no longer pressed, The switch state of the switch changes immediately, thereby sending out a surge protector to protect the failed remote signal.
  • the movable electrode piece 6a, the electrode welding end 6b, and the breaking position 6c are different portions of the same alloy.
  • the breaking position 6c is designed as an indentation, and a notch is formed on the copper piece near the breaking position 6c to limit the length of the breaking position 6c.

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Abstract

一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，包括由弹性元件（3）和防弧弹射器（4）构成的防弧组件、电压敏感组件、响应开关组件、热敏元件、内壳（1）和外盖（2）。电压敏感组件与响应开关组件具有紧密的热耦合，当线路上的瞬时电涌过电压等因素使电压敏感组件因故障短路电流持续发热升温时，响应开关组件因热敏元件（30）的热耦合响应使防弧组件动作弹射分离，同时开关组件被防弧组件隐藏，防止开关弹射分离时产生的电弧形成电击穿引发的短路过载，有效地避免了火灾及爆炸隐患，防止电子设备造成二次破坏。

Description

一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电路保护装置，尤其涉及一种具有防止电弧产生及在短路过载电流下快速分断功能的电涌保护装置。
背景技术
电涌保护器或电涌抑制器(surgesuppressor)，也叫电涌保护装置，是一种为各种敏感或昂贵的电子设备，如电脑及通讯相关设备上的电子元件提供过电压安全防护的保护装置。现有的电涌保护装置通常是专为中等或一般条件下的电涌过电压保护设计，所以在电涌过电压能量较小或时间较短时，此时的电涌保护装置不能快速灵敏的响应保护，所以我们通常会把电压敏感保护元件(如压敏电阻)直接应用在电子电路上实现保护电子电路的目的。常用的压敏电阻是包括由氧化锌颗粒和复杂的晶内颗粒材料构成的电子器件，它是一个电压非线性器件，独特的电压电流特性是敏感电子电路的理想保护器件，但它的材料组成决定了自身在过电压短路过载时极易损坏起火燃烧，对附近敏感的电子电路和元件产生灾难性的破坏。所以，我们需要一种更安全更灵敏的电涌保护装置，可应用在如通讯、电脑、电视、空调等高精密控制电路上的电涌过电压短路过载的保护中，如电子电路因为额外的电磁干扰突然产生瞬时尖峰电流或者过电压时，该电涌保护装置能在瞬间内导通吸收、泄放掉电涌过电压起到保护电子设备作用，而在短路过载造成电涌装置损坏时能快速分离该电涌保护装置，避免造成火灾对电子设备形成灾难性破坏。
目前现有的带灭弧功能的电涌保护器或电涌抑制器，其普遍采用遮蔽并切断电弧的方法灭弧，如中国专利号码200810088691.X公开了热保护压敏电阻器模块和中国专利号码201420145977.8公开了一种带有灭弧功能的电涌抑制器的设计，该种响应开关组件的开关电极在热脱离时，其分离动作采用的是遮蔽并切断电弧的方式，此方法中的遮弧机构需有一个行程才能到达位置遮蔽、切断电弧，无法在开关分离瞬间使遮弧机构进入开关电极的空隙以切断电弧，所以，在这条件下的压敏电阻将瞬间大量过载、过热和最终引起火灾、爆炸，这种灾难性的破坏会烧毁附近敏感的电子设备及元件，从而造成整个电子系统崩溃损坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有的电涌保护装置在过电压造成装置短路过载时的缺陷和不足，提供了一种新型的快速响应电涌保护装置，它能有效地防止电弧产生及在短路过载时能快速分离该电涌保护装置，可以从根本上杜绝火灾隐患从而保证电子设备的安全。
为实现上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明提供一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，包括防弧组件、电压敏感组件、电极引出脚、响应开关组件以及由内壳和外盖组成的壳体。防弧组件包括防弧弹射器和弹性元件；电压敏感组件由至少一个电压敏感元件组成；电极引出脚包括软导体、第一电极引出脚和第二电极引出脚；响应开关组件包括热敏元件、正面电极以及由活动电极片、电极焊接端和开断位形成电连接所构成的脱扣电极。
当内壳与外盖接合时形成第一腔体和第二腔体，防弧组件和响应开关组件设置在第一腔体上。电压敏感元件可以由压敏电阻或放电管、放电间隙等敏感元件构成，其设置在第二腔体内。在电压敏感元件正反两面设有金属电极片，正面电极设在其中一个金属电极片上，其由第二腔体伸出到第一腔体内，在正面电极上设有供电极焊接端伸出的槽孔；另一个金属电极片上有背面电极，其在第二腔体内。
防弧弹射器前端设有供电极焊接端伸出的通孔，当防弧弹射器与正面电极在第一腔体上相触时，通孔与槽孔的位置相对应，以确保电极焊接端能同时穿过通孔和槽孔。
开断位是一种熔断后瞬间汽化的金属合金材料，当通过开断位的瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流超过预置的阈值时，开断位会熔断汽化，从而促使脱扣电极的活动电极片和电极焊接端分离，即实现电涌保护装置具备在短路过载电流下快速分断的功能。
防弧弹射器上设有排气孔，当脱扣电极放置在防弧弹射器内，电极焊接端伸出通孔时，开断位与排气孔的位置相对应，以确保开断位在短路过载电流下熔断汽化时，其产生的爆炸气浪能通过排气孔泄放，同时能达到利用气浪瞬间拉长并吹断电弧的效果。
热敏元件是一种易熔的金属合金焊料，可预置其熔化的温度阈值，在达到预置的温度阈值时热敏元件会迅速熔化。
本发明进一步说明，电涌保护装置还包括指示其工作状态的指示装置和遥信告警装置。指示装置是电气指示装置，如发光二极管；或者是机械指示装置。在外盖上设有用来显示指示装置动作状态的指示窗口，即电涌保护装置具有工作状态指示和遥信告警的功能。在电源系统中使用电涌保护装置工作时，脱扣电极隐藏在防弧弹射器内，电极焊接端伸出通孔和槽孔，其通过热敏元件与正面电极锡焊构成电连接；在第一腔体上设有插槽，在第二腔体上设有卡槽，第一电极引出脚通过插槽进入第一腔体，第二电极引出脚通过卡槽进入第二腔体；软导体的两端通过金属合金焊料锡焊或点焊的方式分别与活动电极片和第一电极引出脚内端形成电连接，背面电极通过金属合金焊料锡焊的方式与第二电极引出脚内端形成电连接；第一电极引出脚外端和第二电极引出脚外端伸出内壳外成为外接引脚，并把这两根外接引脚分别连接在相线和中性线或地线上。从而响应开关组件与电压敏感组件串联形成常闭工作状态，遥信告警装置的开关未受外应力的压迫，即为电涌保护装置正常工作状态。
再进一步，本发明的防止电弧产生及在短路过载电流下快速分断功能的技术说明如下：
弹性元件由第一弹性件和第二弹性件组成。第一弹性件设在防弧弹射器上，活动电极片受其偏置；第二弹性件设在第一腔体上，防弧弹射器受其偏置。若电压敏感元件因线路上的短路过载电流及自身寿命老化产生的漏电流造成电压敏感元件温升，这个温度传递到正面电极上，促使其上的热敏元件达到预置温度阈值而熔化，活动电极片在第一弹性件的弹性应力作用下，在电弧产生前将电极焊接端迅速弹射回防弧弹射器内，同时防弧弹射器受第二弹性件的弹性应力作用向远离正面电极的方向弹射。电极焊接端上的熔化了的热敏元件被通孔刮除，正面电极与电极焊接端之间形成充足的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了脱扣电极与正面电极间的电连接。
另一种情况，若通过脱扣电极的瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流超过预置的阈值时，其上的开断位瞬间熔断汽化致使活动电极片和电极焊接端分离，同时活动电极片受第一弹性件的弹性应力作用向远离电极焊接端的方向弹射，防弧弹射器受第二弹性件的弹性应力作用向远离正面电极的方向弹射，其中 活动电极片隐藏在防弧弹射器内。如此，电极焊接端与活动电极片之间形成充足的绝缘强度，彻底防止活动电极片分断时产生的电弧形成电击穿；另其开断位处的爆炸气浪通过排气孔得以泄放，同时瞬间拉长并吹断因活动电极片与电极焊接端分断时产生的电弧。
此时响应开关组件的工作状态由常闭转变为常开，过程中电涌保护装置上的指示装置发生移动位移，从指示窗口可观察到其与正常工作状态不同的变化(如转变为红色显示)，同时遥信告警装置的开关受外应力作用，促使其开关状态发生变化，从而送出电信号指示电涌保护装置保护失效。
其中，通常预置第一弹性件的弹性应力比第二弹性件的大，以确保响应开关组件中的脱扣电极在瞬间脱离时，其上的电极焊接端能快速弹射并始终隐藏在防弧弹射器内，其与通孔之间始终保持充足的绝缘强度。
与现有技术相比，本发明存在的优点：
本发明的防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置具有受热温升瞬间弹射脱离(如受自身寿命老化产生的漏电流)和过电压短路过载瞬间弹射脱离的保护功能，响应开关组件在受热温升瞬间弹射脱离时能隐藏脱扣电极，或者是在短路过载瞬间弹射脱离时巧妙利用脱扣电极分断时所产生的爆炸气浪瞬间拉长并吹断电弧，不论何种脱离情况，该保护装置都可以瞬间分断并把脱扣电极隐藏，在电弧还未产生时就已形成有效的绝缘强度，彻底防止电弧产生，这是目前电涌保护装置所不具备的。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中电涌保护装置的结构拆解示意图；
图2是本发明实施例1中内壳的背面结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例1中电涌保护装置正常工作状态的剖面示意图；
图4是本发明实施例1中电涌保护装置故障热脱扣后的剖面示意图；
图5是本发明实施例1中电涌保护装置故障电流开断后的剖面示意图；
图6是本发明实施例2中防弧弹射器和脱扣电极的组合结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例2中电涌保护装置正常工作状态的剖面示意图；
图8是本发明实施例2中电涌保护装置故障热脱扣后的剖面示意图；
图9是本发明实施例2中电涌保护装置故障电流开断后的剖面示意图；
图10是本发明实施例3中电涌保护装置正常工作状态的剖面示意图；
图11是本发明实施例3中电涌保护装置故障热脱扣后的剖面示意图；
图12是本发明实施例3中电涌保护装置故障电流开断后的剖面示意图；
图13是本发明实施例4中内壳和防弧弹射器的组合结构示意图；
图14是本发明实施例4中电涌保护装置正常工作状态的剖面示意图；
图15是本发明实施例4中电涌保护装置故障热脱扣后的剖面示意图；
图16是本发明实施例4中电涌保护装置故障电流开断后的剖面示意图；
图17是本发明中脱扣电极的一种特殊结构示意图。
附图标记：1-内壳，1a-第一腔体，1b-第二腔体，1c-第一端，1d-第二端，11-电极孔，12-凹槽，13-导 轨，14-插槽，15-卡槽，16-遥信缺口，17-限位块，18-电极挡板，2-外盖，2a-指示窗口，3-弹性元件，3a-第一弹性件，3b-第二弹性件，4-防弧弹射器，4a-通孔，4b-排气孔，41-翼臂，42-弹簧槽，43-滑槽，5-电压敏感元件，51-第一电极，51a-槽孔，52-第二电极，6-脱扣电极，6a-活动电极片，6b-电极焊接端，6c-开断位，7-软导体，8-第一电极引出脚，8a-第一电极引出脚外端，8b-第一电极引出脚内端，9-第二电极引出脚，9a-第二电极引出脚外端，9b-第二电极引出脚内端，10-指示装置，20-遥信告警装置，20a-告警引出脚，30-热敏元件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不仅仅局限于以下优选的具体实施方式，凡是通过本发明中弹射隐藏脱扣电极来增强断弧绝缘效果的技术方案，都在本发明的保护范围内；本发明中电涌保护装置对电压敏感元件、弹性元件、第一弹性件、第二弹性件及软导体的材料类型不做限制，在以下各具体实施方式中，以弹性元件3为压簧3，第一弹性件3a为第一压簧3a，第二弹性件3b为第二压簧3b，电压敏感元件5为压敏电阻5，软导体7为软铜导线7为例，加以详细说明本发明电涌保护装置的结构。
实施例1：
如图1和图2所示，一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，包括内壳1、外盖2、两个第一压簧3a、两个第二压簧3b、防弧弹射器4、一个压敏电阻5、软铜导线7、第一电极引出脚8、第二电极引出脚9、指示装置10、遥信告警装置20以及脱扣电极6；所述脱扣电极6由活动电极片6a和电极焊接端6b通过开断位6c形成电连接所构成。
压敏电阻5的两个金属电极片通过锡焊的方式分别焊接到压敏电阻5的正反两个银电极表面上，其中一个金属电极片上有正面电极51，在正面电极51上还开有供电极焊接端6b伸出的槽孔51a；另一个金属电极片从其平面上延长折弯的部分形成了背面电极52。内壳1为框式结构，当内壳1与外盖2通过锁扣的方式接合时，在内壳1的正面会形成第一腔体1a，在内壳1的背面会形成第二腔体1b。当压敏电阻5放置在第二腔体1b内时，正面电极51通过内壳1上贯穿第一腔体1a和第二腔体1b的电极孔11伸出到第一腔体1a，此时槽孔51a也在第一腔体1a内；背面电极52伸入到第二腔体1b侧边的凹槽12内。在第一腔体1a上的电极孔11两侧各设有一个垂直于内壳1底部的导轨13，两个导轨13的长槽开口相对。在离凹槽12最远的第一腔体1a一侧的底部上设有贯穿内壳1底部的插槽14。在离凹槽12最近的第二腔体1b一侧上设有L型的并贯穿内壳1底部的卡槽15，卡槽15的内端与凹槽12连通。
防弧弹射器4是具有空腔的盒状结构，其空腔两侧各设有一个弹簧槽42。防弧弹射器4前壁设有供电极焊接端6b伸出的通孔4a，在防弧弹射器4两侧各设有一个能插入导轨13的翼臂41，当正面电极51伸出电极孔11时，防弧弹射器4通过其两侧翼臂41在导轨13上滑动直至碰触正面电极51，此时通孔4a与槽孔51a的位置相互对应。防弧弹射器4上还设有排气孔4b，当脱扣电极6隐藏在防弧弹射器4空腔内，电极焊接端6b伸出通孔4a时，开断位6c与排气孔4b的位置相对应。
在本实施例中，指示装置10为一顶杆，其设在防弧弹射器4的末端，与防弧弹射器4为一整体，在外盖2上的相应位置设有供指示装置10伸出的指示窗口2a，遥信告警装置20是独立开关。
如图3所示，遥信告警装置20设置在外盖2内，其告警引出脚20a伸出外盖2外。两个第二压簧3b分别放置在两个导轨13内，防弧弹射器4通过两侧翼臂41插入导轨13中直至碰触正面电极51，两个第二压簧3b呈压缩状态。两个第一压簧3a分别放置在两个弹簧槽42内，脱扣电极6插入防弧弹射器4内直至电极焊接端6b伸出通孔4a和槽孔51a，活动电极片6a压迫两个第一压簧3a使其呈压缩状态，此时第一压簧3a的弹性应力比第二压簧3b的弹性应力大。电极焊接端6b通过热敏元件30与正面电极51锡焊形成电连接；第一电极引出脚8和第二电极引出脚9分别通过插槽14和卡槽15固定在内壳1上，并使第一电极引出脚外端8a和第二电极引出脚外端9a伸出内壳1外成为外接引脚，软铜导线7的两端通过金属合金焊料锡焊或点焊的方式分别与活动电极片6a和第一电极引出脚内端8b形成电连接；背面电极52通过金属合金焊料锡焊的方式与第二电极引出脚内端9b形成电连接，从而这些电导体与压敏电阻5串联并形成常闭开关。在电源系统中使用电涌保护装置时，把两根外接引脚分别连接在相线和中性线或地线上，此时，指示装置10在指示窗口2a内，遥信告警装置20的开关未受外应力的压迫，即为电涌保护装置的正常工作状态。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，当压敏电阻5因线路上的短路过载电流及自身寿命老化产生的漏电流造成压敏电阻5温升，这个温度传递到正面电极51上，促使其上的热敏元件30达到预置温度阈值而熔化，如图4所示，活动电极片6a受第一压簧3a的弹性应力作用将电极焊接端6b迅速弹射回防弧弹射器4内，同时防弧弹射器4受第二压簧3b的弹性应力作用向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，最终指示装置10伸出指示窗口2a，活动电极片6a及防弧弹射器4末端对遥信告警装置20的开关造成压迫并静止，促使其开关状态发生变化。这样既完成了一个机械式的失效指示，同时又送出该电涌保护装置保护失效的遥信电信号。此时，电极焊接端6b与正面电极51之间形成足够大的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了脱扣电极6与正面电极51间的电连接。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式，当通过脱扣电极6的瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流超过预置的阈值时，其上的开断位6c瞬间熔断汽化致使活动电极片6a和电极焊接端6b分离，如图5所示，活动电极片6a和防弧弹射器4分别受第一压簧3a和第二压簧3b的弹性应力作用同时向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，最终指示装置10伸出指示窗口2a，活动电极片6a及防弧弹射器4末端对遥信告警装置20的开关造成压迫并静止，促使其开关状态发生变化。这样既完成了一个机械式的失效指示，同时又送出该电涌保护装置保护失效的遥信电信号。此时，电极焊接端6b与活动电极片6a分离，电极焊接端6b与活动电极片6a之间形成足够大的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了活动电极片6a与正面电极51间的电连接。
实施例2：
本发明的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置的另一种实施方式。该实施例具有与实施例1中大部分组件相似的结构和用法，主要区别在于防弧组件的弹射方式和脱扣电极6的结构不同以及电涌保护装置不含遥信告警装置20。
如图6所示，防弧弹射器4为顶部敞开的空腔结构，其两侧壳壁上各开有一个T型的滑槽43，脱扣电极6的活动电极片6a两侧延长部分通过滑槽43伸出防弧弹射器4外，防弧弹射器4的前壁设有电极焊接端6b伸出的通孔4a，当活动电极片6a两侧延长部分滑动到滑槽43前端时，电极焊接端6b通过通孔4a伸出防弧弹射器4外，指示装置10为一顶杆，其设在防弧弹射器4的末端，与防弧弹射器4为一整体。
将图6所示的结构替换图3中相应的结构，如图7所示，两个压簧3分别放置在两个导轨13内，活动电极片6a伸出防弧弹射器4外的两侧延长部分插入导轨13中，并带动防弧弹射器4直至其碰触正面电极51，此时电极焊接端6b伸出通孔4a和槽孔51a，活动电极片6a压迫两个压簧3使其呈压缩状态。电极焊接端6b通过热敏元件30与正面电极51锡焊形成电连接。在电源系统中使用电涌保护装置时，把两根外接引脚分别连接在相线和中性线或地线上，此时，指示装置10缩在指示窗口2a内，即为电涌保护装置的正常工作状态。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，当压敏电阻5因线路上的短路过载电流及自身寿命老化产生的漏电流造成压敏电阻5温升，这个温度传递到正面电极51上，促使其上的热敏元件30达到预置温度阈值而熔化，如图8所示，活动电极片6a受压簧3的弹性应力作用将电极焊接端6b迅速弹射回通孔4a内，随后活动电极片6a两侧延长部分滑动到滑槽43末端时带动防弧弹射器4继续向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，最终指示装置10伸出指示窗口2a并受阻静止，这样就完成了一个机械式的失效指示。此时，通孔4a与电极焊接端6b之间以及正面电极51与通孔4a之间均形成足够大的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了脱扣电极6与正面电极51间的电连接。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，当通过脱扣电极6的瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流超过预置的阈值时，其上的开断位6c瞬间熔断汽化致使活动电极片6a和电极焊接端6b分离，如图9所示，活动电极片6a受压簧3的弹性应力作用向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，随后活动电极片6a两侧延长部分滑动到滑槽43末端时带动防弧弹射器4继续向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，最终指示装置10伸出指示窗口2a并受阻静止，这样就完成了一个机械式的失效指示。此时，电极焊接端6b与通孔4a之间以及通孔4a与活动电极片6a之间均形成足够大的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了活动电极片6a与正面电极51间的电连接。
实施例3：
本发明的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置的另一种实施方式。该实施例具有与实施例2中大部分组件相似的结构和用法，主要区别在于防弧组件的弹射方式不同以及电涌保护装置不含指示装置10和指示窗口2a，而是以遥信告警装置20作为工作状态指示。
如图10所示，遥信告警装置20设置在外盖2内，其告警引出脚20a伸出外盖2外。防弧弹射器4为挡板结构，其垂直固定在电极孔11下方，在挡板上设有供电极焊接端6b伸出的通孔4a，通孔4a两侧各设有一个弹簧槽42，两个压簧3分别放置在两个弹簧槽42内，活动电极片6a的两侧延长部分插入导轨13中，直至电极焊接端6b伸出通孔4a和槽孔51a，活动电极片6a压迫两个压簧3使其呈压缩状态。电极焊接端6b通过热敏元件30与正面电极51锡焊形成电连接。在电源系统中使用电涌保护装置时，把两根外接引脚分别连接在相线和中性线或地线上，此时，遥信告警装置20的开关未受外应力的压迫，即为电涌保护装置的正常工作状态。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，当压敏电阻5因线路上的短路过载电流及自身寿命老化产生的漏电流造成压敏电阻5温升，这个温度传递到正面电极51上，促使其上的热敏元件30达到预置温度阈值而熔化，如图11所示，活动电极片6a受压簧3的弹性应力作用将电极焊接端6b迅速弹射回通孔4a内，并继续向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，最终活动电极片6a末端对遥信告警装置20的开关造成压迫并受阻静止，促使其开关状态发生变化，这样就送出电涌保护装置保护失效的遥信电信号。此时，通孔4a与电极 焊接端6b之间形成了足够大的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了脱扣电极6与正面电极51间的电连接。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，当通过脱扣电极6的瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流超过预置的阈值时，其上的开断位6c瞬间熔断汽化致使活动电极片6a和电极焊接端6b分离，如图12所示，活动电极片6a受压簧3的弹性应力作用向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，最终活动电极片6a末端对遥信告警装置20的开关造成压迫并受阻静止，促使其开关状态发生变化，这样就送出电涌保护装置保护失效的遥信电信号。此时，电极焊接端6b与活动电极片6a之间形成了足够大的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了活动电极片6a与正面电极51间的电连接。
实施例4：
本发明的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置的另一种实施方式。该实施例具有与实施例1中大部分组件相似的结构和用法，主要区别在于内壳和防弧弹射器4的结构不同以及电涌保护装置的工作状态指示方式不同。
如图13所示，防弧弹射器4是具有空腔的盒状结构，其空腔两侧各设有一个弹簧槽42，防弧弹射器4前壁设有供电极焊接端6b伸出的通孔4a，防弧弹射器4上还设有排气孔4b。指示装置10是一挡板结构，其设计在防弧弹射器4一侧，防弧弹射器4另一侧延伸出一条能放置弹簧的翼臂41，遥信告警装置20是一凸块，其设计在翼臂41的末端。在内壳1的第一腔体1a的底面上设计有一个遥信缺口16，在第一腔体1a上设有2处限位块17和一个能放置弹簧的电极挡板18。
如图14所示，一个第二压簧3b两端分别固定在电极挡板18和翼臂41上，防弧弹射器4通过限位块17定向移动直至碰触正面电极51，第二压簧3b呈压缩状态。两个第一压簧3a分别放置在两个弹簧槽42内，脱扣电极6插入防弧弹射器4内直至电极焊接端6b伸出通孔4a和槽孔51a，活动电极片6a压迫两个第一压簧3a使其呈压缩状态，此时第一压簧3a的弹性应力比第二压簧3b的大。电极焊接端6b通过热敏元件30与正面电极51锡焊形成电连接。在电源系统中使用电涌保护装置时，把两根外接引脚分别连接在相线或地线上，此时，遥信告警装置20封堵着遥信缺口16，指示装置10处在内壳1外壁的第一端1c，指示窗口2a与内壳1外壁的第二端1d相对应，即为电涌保护装置的正常工作状态。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，当压敏电阻5因线路上的短路过载电流及自身寿命老化产生的漏电流造成压敏电阻5温升，这个温度传递到正面电极51上，促使其上的热敏元件30达到预置温度阈值而熔化，如图15所示，活动电极片6a受第一压簧3a的弹性应力作用将电极焊接端6b迅速弹射回防弧弹射器4内，同时防弧弹射器4受第二压簧3b的弹性应力作用向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，最终遥信告警装置20与遥信缺口16错开，指示装置10移动到第二端1d并受阻静止，这样就完成了一个机械式的失效指示。此时，通孔4a与电极焊接端6b之间以及正面电极51与通孔4a之间均形成足够大的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了脱扣电极6与正面电极51间的电连接。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，当通过脱扣电极6的瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流超过预置的阈值时，其上的开断位6c瞬间熔断汽化致使活动电极片6a和电极焊接端6b分离，如图16所示，活动电极片6a和防弧弹射器4分别受第一压簧3a和第二压簧3b的弹性应力作用同时向远离正面电极51的方向弹射，最终遥信告警装置20与遥信缺口16错开，指示装置10移动到第二端1d并受阻静止，这样就完成了一个机械式的失效指示。此时，电极焊接端6b与通孔4a之间以及通孔4a与活动电极片6a之间 均形成足够大的绝缘强度，彻底隔绝了活动电极片6a与正面电极51间的电连接。
优选地，可以给指示装置10外表面涂覆一种醒目的颜色，例如红色。当指示装置10从第一端1c移动到第二端1d时，从指示窗口2a能观察到颜色变化，从而表示压敏电阻5已经保护失效；同时，如果使用者利用遥信告警装置20来触发装配平台上穿过遥信缺口16的开关，当原来封堵着遥信缺口16以压迫着开关的按钮的遥信告警装置20与遥信缺口16错开，不再使开关的按钮受压迫，则开关的开关状态立即发生改变，从而送出电涌保护装置保护失效的遥信电信号。
实施例5：
如图17所示，是一种脱扣电极6的替代方式。此时活动电极片6a、电极焊接端6b以及开断位6c是同一个合金的不同部位。为限制开断位6c处的横截面积以确保当通过脱扣电极6的瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流在超过其阈值时能在开断位6c处断开，开断位6c设计成压痕，在开断位6c附近的铜片上还开有缺口以限制开断位6c的长度。
上述各实施例中所描述的特征或特征组合可单独存在，或者可与其他实施例中的特征或特征组合相互结合，熟悉本领域的人员可根据本发明采用瞬间弹射分离并隐藏脱扣电极及采用金属材料实现短路过载电流开断功能的发明创造的情况下，对上述实施例做出种种修改或变化出其它的实施例，都是属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，包括：
    防弧组件，包括防弧弹射器(4)和弹性元件(3)；
    电压敏感组件，包括至少一个电压敏感元件(5)；
    响应开关组件，包括热敏元件(30)、正面电极(51)以及脱扣电极(6)；所述脱扣电极(6)由活动电极片(6a)、电极焊接端(6b)和开断位(6c)形成电连接所构成；
    电极引出脚，包括软导体(7)、第一电极引出脚(8)和第二电极引出脚(9)；
    壳体，包括内壳(1)和外盖(2)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：
    所述的内壳(1)与所述外盖(2)接合时形成第一腔体(1a)和第二腔体(1b)，所述防弧组件和所述响应开关组件设置在所述第一腔体(1a)上，所述电压敏感元件(5)设置在所述第二腔体(1b)内；
    所述的响应开关组件在正常工作状态时是常闭开关，其中所述热敏元件(30)与所述电压敏感组件串联构成电连接并具有紧密的热耦合；所述热敏元件(30)达到预置的熔化温度时熔化，因所述弹性元件(3)的弹性应力作用促使所述脱扣电极(6)与所述正面电极(51)分离，其中脱扣电极(6)快速弹射分离并隐藏在所述防弧弹射器(4)内，同时防弧弹射器(4)受弹性元件(3)的弹性应力作用向远离正面电极(51)的方向弹射，防止脱扣电极(6)瞬间弹射分离时产生的电弧形成电击穿引发短路过载；
    当所述的开断位(6c)通过的瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流超过其预置的阈值时，开断位(6c)瞬间熔断汽化使所述活动电极片(6a)和所述电极焊接端(6b)分离，同时所述防弧弹射器(4)和活动电极片(6a)受所述弹性元件(3)的弹性应力作用向远离所述正面电极(51)的方向快速弹射，其中活动电极片(6a)隐藏在防弧弹射器(4)内，防止瞬间熔断并弹射分离时产生的电弧形成电击穿引发短路过载；
    所述的电压敏感元件(5)正反两面设有金属电极片，所述正面电极(51)设在其中一个金属电极片上，其由所述第二腔体(1b)伸出到所述第一腔体(1a)内，另一个金属电极片上设有背面电极(52)，其在所述第二腔体(1b)内；
    所述的弹性元件(3)由第一弹性件(3a)和第二弹性件(3b)组成，所述第一弹性件(3a)设在所述防弧弹射器(4)上，所述第二弹性件(3b)设在所述第一腔体(1a)上；
    所述的第一腔体(1a)上设有插槽(14)，所述第二腔体(1b)上设有卡槽(15)；所述第一电极引出脚(8)通过所述插槽(14)进入第一腔体(1a)，所述第二电极引出脚(9)通过所述卡槽(15)进入第二腔体(1b)；所述软导体(7)的两端通过金属合金焊料锡焊或点焊的方式分别与所述活动电极片(6a)和第一电极引出脚内端(8b)构成电连接，所述背面电极(52)通过金属合金焊料锡焊的方式与第二电极引出脚内端(9b)构成电连接；第一电极引出脚外端(8a)和第二电极引出脚外端(9a)伸出所述内壳(1)外成为外接引脚。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：
    所述的正面电极(51)上设有槽孔(51a)；
    所述的脱扣电极(6)隐藏在所述防弧弹射器(4)内，其上的所述活动电极片(6a)受所述第一弹性件(3a)偏 置；
    所述的防弧弹射器(4)受所述第二弹性件(3b)偏置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：
    所述的防弧弹射器(4)前端设有通孔(4a)，是所述电极焊接端(6b)伸出的通道；当所述防弧弹射器(4)与所述正面电极(51)在所述第一腔体(1a)上相触时，所述通孔(4a)与所述槽孔(51a)的位置相对应；所述的防弧弹射器(4)上设有排气孔(4b)，当所述脱扣电极(6)放置在防弧弹射器(4)内，所述电极焊接端(6b)伸出所述通孔(4a)时，所述开断位(6c)与所述排气孔(4b)的位置相对应。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：所述的电极焊接端(6b)伸出所述通孔(4a)和所述槽孔(51a)，其通过热敏元件(30)与所述正面电极(51)锡焊构成电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：所述的电极焊接端(6b)与所述正面电极(51)因所述热敏元件(30)达到预置的熔化温度熔化造成弹射分离时，所述脱扣电极(6)受所述第一弹性件(3a)的弹性应力作用弹射回所述防弧弹射器(4)内隐藏，同时防弧弹射器(4)受所述第二弹性件(3b)的弹性应力作用向远离正面电极(51)的方向弹射。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：所述的脱扣电极(6)因瞬时电涌过电压、过电流或短路过载电流超过预置的阈值时，其上的所述开断位(6c)瞬间熔断汽化致使所述活动电极片(6a)和所述电极焊接端(6b)分离，同时活动电极片(6a)受所述第一弹性件(3a)的弹性应力作用向远离电极焊接端(6b)的方向弹射，所述防弧弹射器(4)受所述第二弹性件(3b)的弹性应力作用向远离所述正面电极(51)的方向弹射，其中活动电极片(6a)隐藏在防弧弹射器(4)内。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：
    所述的防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置还包括指示该电涌保护装置状态的指示装置(10)以及指示该电涌保护装置状态的遥信告警装置(20)；
    所述的指示装置(10)是电气指示装置或机械指示装置；
    所述的外盖(2)上设有指示窗口(2a)。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：
    所述的热敏元件(30)是易熔的金属合金焊料或导电聚合物；
    所述的开断位(6c)是一种熔断后瞬间汽化的金属合金材料。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置，其特征在于：所述的电压敏感元件(5)采用压敏电阻式敏感元件、或者放电管式敏感元件、或者放电间隙式敏感元件。
PCT/CN2017/083295 2016-05-17 2017-05-05 一种防弧型快速分断的电涌保护装置 WO2017198080A1 (zh)

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