WO2019042134A1 - 断路器 - Google Patents

断路器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042134A1
WO2019042134A1 PCT/CN2018/100693 CN2018100693W WO2019042134A1 WO 2019042134 A1 WO2019042134 A1 WO 2019042134A1 CN 2018100693 W CN2018100693 W CN 2018100693W WO 2019042134 A1 WO2019042134 A1 WO 2019042134A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
fuse
protection circuit
circuit breaker
main
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/100693
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王印
李荟澳
刘子岳
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to EP18852199.1A priority Critical patent/EP3678155A4/en
Priority to US16/643,048 priority patent/US20200211804A1/en
Publication of WO2019042134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042134A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/165—Casings
    • H01H85/175—Casings characterised by the casing shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/106—Adaptation for built-in fuses fuse and switch being connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current

Definitions

  • the application is based on the application number of 201721081366.1, the application date is August 28, 2017 and the application number is 201721781270.6, and the application date is December 19, 2017, and the priority of the above-mentioned Chinese patent application is required.
  • the entire contents of the patent application are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present disclosure relates to a circuit breaker.
  • a circuit breaker is a commonly used protective device.
  • Existing circuit breakers generally include a current sensor, an electronic monitoring unit, a disconnecting device and a fuse.
  • the method of disconnecting the circuit is: detecting a current signal of the protected circuit by the current sensor and transmitting it to the electronic measuring and controlling unit when the circuit is protected When the circuit fails, the electronic measurement and control unit sends an ignition signal to detonate the explosive, and disconnects the device to quickly cut off the fuse to achieve the purpose of disconnecting the circuit.
  • the present disclosure provides a circuit breaker, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing circuit breaker has poor arc extinguishing effect, low safety and reliability.
  • the technical solution adopted by the circuit breaker of the present disclosure is:
  • Circuit breakers including:
  • An auxiliary protection circuit for being connected in series in the protected circuit
  • the main protection circuit is connected in parallel with the auxiliary protection circuit
  • a mechanical disconnecting device capable of being triggered to open the primary protection circuit when an overcurrent occurs in the protected circuit
  • the fuse device being disposed in series in the auxiliary protection circuit, wherein the fuse device can be disconnected by the overcurrent to disconnect the auxiliary protection circuit after the main protection circuit is disconnected, thereby disconnecting Said protected circuit.
  • the mechanical disconnecting device, the primary protective circuit, and the auxiliary protective circuit are sequentially disposed from top to bottom.
  • the mechanical disconnecting device includes an energy storage device, a driving mechanism and an actuator, and the driving mechanism is operable under the action of a power source provided by the energy storage mechanism, and the energy storage mechanism can be protected in the The power source is triggered when an overcurrent occurs in the circuit, and the actuator is coupled to the drive mechanism and is capable of cutting the main protection circuit under the drive of the drive mechanism.
  • the energy storage device is a gas generator
  • the gas generator includes a gas generating material and a gas generating medium disposed in the mounting groove, and the gas generating medium is triggered when an overcurrent occurs in the protected circuit.
  • the gas generating material is caused to generate a gas.
  • the gas generating material is an explosive
  • the mounting groove is an explosive mounting groove
  • the gas generating medium is an explosive detonator connected to the explosive
  • the explosive detonator generates an overcurrent in the protected circuit. When triggered, the explosive is detonated.
  • the explosive is sealed in the explosive mounting groove by a sealing cover.
  • the driving mechanism is a piston; the piston includes a cylinder communicating with the mounting groove and a piston rod disposed in the cylinder.
  • the actuator is an insulating blade integrally formed with the driving mechanism or the driving mechanism.
  • the fuse device is a fuse, or the fuse device includes a fuse and an arc extinguishing structure.
  • the main protection circuit includes a main circuit fuse opposite to the mechanical disconnect device, and the mechanical disconnect device is triggered to cut off the main circuit when an overcurrent occurs in the protected circuit wire.
  • the main circuit fuse is located on an upper side of the insulating base, the fuse is located on a lower side of the insulating base, and the fuse is connected in parallel with the main circuit fuse via a connecting piece.
  • the resistance value of the fuse is more than 30 times the resistance value of the fuse of the main circuit.
  • circuit breaker includes a triggering device for triggering the action of the mechanical disconnect device.
  • the trigger device is an arc trigger device.
  • the circuit breaker of the present disclosure has at least the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: the main protection circuit and the auxiliary protection circuit are arranged in parallel, and when an overcurrent occurs in the protected circuit, the mechanical disconnect device can be quickly cut off.
  • the main protection circuit on the other hand, after the main protection circuit is disconnected, the overcurrent will flow all the way to the fuse device arranged in series in the auxiliary protection circuit, so that the fuse device can be quickly melted, the auxiliary protection circuit can be disconnected, and the protected circuit can be disconnected.
  • the arc extinguishing is performed, the arc extinguishing time is short, and the arc extinguishing effect is good; the overall size of the circuit breaker is small, the current limiting capability is strong, the safety is high, and the reliability is good. It can realize effective circuit protection and avoid damage to circuit components in the protected circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the assembly structure of the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the circuit breaker shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1.
  • 100 main protection circuit; 110: main circuit fuse; 200: auxiliary protection circuit; 210: fuse; 220: connection piece; 300: protected circuit; 411: explosive detonator; 412: explosive; 413: explosive installation slot; 421: piston rod; 422: cylinder; 430: insulating blade; 510: sealing cover; 520: sealing structure; 600: outer casing; 700: insulating base; 710: groove; 720: threaded connection; 800: arc triggering device.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
  • Main protection circuit 100 the main protection circuit 100 is used in series in the protected circuit 300;
  • the auxiliary protection circuit 200, the auxiliary protection circuit 200 is used in series in the protected circuit 300;
  • the main protection circuit 100 is connected in parallel with the auxiliary protection circuit 200;
  • the mechanical breaking device can be triggered to break the main protection circuit 100 when an overcurrent occurs in the protected circuit 300;
  • the fuse device being disposed in series in the auxiliary protection circuit, wherein the fuse device can be disconnected by the overcurrent to disconnect the auxiliary protection circuit 200 after the main protection circuit 100 is disconnected, and then disconnected The protected circuit 300 is turned on.
  • the circuit breaker is provided with a main protection circuit 100 and an auxiliary protection circuit 200 arranged in parallel.
  • the mechanical disconnect device can quickly cut off the main protection circuit 100, and on the other hand, the main protection circuit After the disconnection of 100, the overcurrent will flow all the way to the fuse device arranged in series in the auxiliary protection circuit 200, so that the fuse device can be quickly melted, the auxiliary protection circuit 200 is disconnected, and the protected circuit 300 is disconnected.
  • the arc extinguishing is performed, the arc extinguishing time is short, and the arc extinguishing effect is good; the overall size of the circuit breaker is small, the current limiting capability is strong, the safety is high, and the reliability is relatively high. Well, effective circuit protection can be achieved to avoid damage to circuit components in the protection circuit 300.
  • the above-mentioned overcurrent condition may be, for example, a short circuit condition, that is, a surge over current, or an overload condition, that is, a slowly varying over current, which can cause overheating of the load.
  • This overcurrent condition can be clearly understood and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the resistance of the fuse device is much larger than the resistance of the main protection circuit 100 in practical applications.
  • the resistance of the main protection circuit 100 is small, in other words, under normal circumstances, the main protection circuit 100 is arranged to allow the current of the protection circuit 300 to pass, and the branch current of the protection circuit 300 to the auxiliary protection circuit 200 It is smaller.
  • the mechanical breaking device, the main protection circuit 100, and the auxiliary protection circuit 200 are sequentially disposed from top to bottom. Such a configuration facilitates the mechanical disconnect device to cut off the primary protection circuit 100.
  • the mechanical disconnecting device includes an energy storage device, a driving mechanism and an actuator.
  • the driving mechanism operates under the power source provided by the energy storage mechanism, and the energy storage mechanism can generate an overcurrent in the protected circuit 300.
  • the power source is released, the actuator is connected to the drive mechanism, and the main protection circuit 100 can be turned off by the drive mechanism.
  • the mechanical disconnecting device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly, and the like under the premise that the main protection circuit 100 is effectively cut off during an overcurrent.
  • the energy storage device is a gas generator
  • the gas generator includes a gas generating material and a gas generating medium disposed in the mounting groove, and the gas generating medium is triggered when an overcurrent occurs in the protected circuit 300.
  • the gas generating material generates gas. It is simple and convenient to use a large amount of gas generated by the gas generating material as a power source.
  • the gas generating material is preferably an explosive 412, and the corresponding mounting groove is an explosive mounting groove 413.
  • the gas generating medium is an explosive initiator 411 connected to the explosive 412, and the explosive initiator 411 is being When the protection circuit 300 generates an overcurrent, it is triggered to detonate the explosive 412. When the explosive 412 is exploded, a large amount of energy can be generated, thereby providing a larger power for the driving mechanism to better drive the actuator to quickly cut off the main protection circuit 100, which is beneficial to further improve the reliability of the circuit protection.
  • the explosive 412 is sealed in the explosive mounting groove 413 by the sealing cover 510.
  • the sealing cover 510 is arranged to prevent the explosive 412 from being oxidatively decomposed by the external environment, thereby facilitating the improvement of the service life of the circuit breaker and further improving the reliability of the circuit protection.
  • the driving mechanism is a piston; the piston includes a cylinder 422 communicating with the explosive mounting groove 413 and a piston rod 421 disposed in the cylinder 422.
  • the piston can convert the energy generated after the ignition of the explosive 412 into a large mechanical force that drives the actuator to cut off the operation of the main protection circuit 100, and has a reset function for facilitating the replacement of the main protection circuit 100 and the auxiliary protection circuit 200 after the circuit breaker is replaced. Reuse, its structural stability and reliability are better, and installation is convenient.
  • the circuit breaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has a housing 600 and an inner cavity defined by the housing.
  • the piston rod 421 and the explosive mounting slot 413 can be sequentially mounted in the inner cavity, and the piston can be accessed by the outer casing 600.
  • the inner wall and the groove wall of the explosive mounting groove 413 form a cylinder 422, that is, the above-described cylinder 422 can be provided by the inner cavity, thereby further simplifying the structure and improving the compactness of the overall structure.
  • the sealing groove may be adapted to be mounted in the inner cavity or to be disposed on the outer wall of the outer casing 600 to keep the inner cavity sealed.
  • a sealing structure 520 is preferably disposed between the piston rod 421 and the inner wall of the outer casing 600 to improve the sealing of the cylinder 422, and to prevent the strong airflow generated after the ignition of the explosive 412 from leaking from the gap between the inner wall of the outer casing 600 and the piston rod 421. It affects the driving effect of the piston rod 421 on the actuator.
  • the sealing structure 520 can be an existing sealing ring.
  • the above mechanical disconnecting device may also be an existing contact breaking device or a trip device, etc.; the above-mentioned energy storage mechanism and driving mechanism may be provided by a spring.
  • the actuator is an insulating blade 430 integrally formed with the driving mechanism or the driving mechanism. It should be understood that the insulating blade 430 is opposed to the main protection circuit 100 so as to quickly and accurately cut off the main protection circuit 100 under the driving mechanism (specifically, the piston rod 421 of the piston in this embodiment). .
  • the outer casing 600, the explosive mounting groove 413, and the piston rod 421 are all insulated.
  • the above energy storage device may also be an existing mechanical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage or other electrochemical energy storage device.
  • the above gas generating materials may also be other existing compounds.
  • the main protection circuit 100 includes a main circuit fuse 110 opposite to the mechanical disconnect device, and a mechanical disconnect device (specifically, an actuator of the mechanical disconnect device, in this embodiment
  • the actuator is specifically an insulating blade 430) that is triggered to interrupt the main circuit fuse 110 when an overcurrent occurs in the protected circuit 300;
  • the fuse device is a fuse 210, or the fuse device includes a fuse 210 and an arc extinguishing structure.
  • the main circuit fuse 110 is opposed to the insulating blade 430.
  • the main circuit fuse 110 can be quickly cut off by the insulating blade 430, forcing the current to be instantaneously transferred to the auxiliary protection circuit 200 where the fuse 210 is located, and the fuse 210 is quickly blown, thereby achieving the purpose of completely cutting off the faulty circuit.
  • the fuse device only includes the fuse 210, the fuse 210 is preferably an existing arc extinguishing fuse.
  • the fuse device may also include a separately provided fuse and arc extinguishing structure.
  • the main circuit fuse 110 is located on the upper side of the insulating base 700, the fuse 210 is located on the lower side of the insulating base 700, and the fuse 210 is connected to the main body via the connecting piece 220.
  • the circuit fuses 110 are connected in parallel.
  • the arrangement of the insulating base 700 facilitates the positioning and mounting of the main circuit fuse 110 and the fuse 210.
  • the fuse 210 can be fixedly attached to the connecting piece 220 by a threaded connection 720.
  • the connecting piece 220 and the main circuit fuse 110 may be fixedly connected by soldering or crimping.
  • a recess 710 opposite to the main circuit fuse 110 may be disposed on the insulating base 700, that is, the main circuit is melted.
  • the wire 110 is stretched and suspended over the recess 710.
  • the branch where the main circuit fuse 110 is located bears almost all circuit currents, and the branch where the fuse 210 is located has almost no current; and in the protected circuit 300
  • the fuse 210 is turned off after the main circuit fuse 110; the resistance value of the fuse 210 is 30 times or more of the resistance value of the fuse 110 of the main circuit.
  • the fuse characteristic of the fuse 210 should also be such that it is arced after the main circuit fuse 110 is completely broken.
  • the outer casing 600 is made of ceramics, bakelite, plastic or other existing insulating materials with high hardness and good insulating effect; the piston rod 421, the insulating blade 430, and the insulating base 700 are insulated. Good effect, high temperature resistant, hard ceramic, bakelite, plastic, fiber or other existing insulating materials.
  • the material of the main circuit fuse 110 and the fuse 210 and the connecting piece 220 is a conductive material not limited to silver, copper, aluminum or a silver-copper alloy.
  • the circuit breaker further includes a triggering device for triggering the action of the mechanical disconnecting device. Specifically, it can be used
  • the main protection circuit 100 and the auxiliary protection circuit 200 and the trigger device are arranged in a first-and-last string configuration.
  • the main protection circuit 100 and the auxiliary protection circuit 200 connected in parallel are connected in series with the trigger device;
  • the trigger device is preferably Arc triggering device 800.
  • the arc triggering device 800 can utilize the thermal effect of the current in the protected circuit 300 as a means for circuit abnormality detection, reduces the current collecting and controlling module in the circuit, can quickly trigger the explosive detonator 411, has a fast response speed, and can effectively avoid electromagnetic Factors such as interference or failure of electronic components may cause malfunction or inactivity.
  • the circuit breaker provided by the above embodiments of the present disclosure is suitable for protecting electrical equipment and protecting batteries, and is particularly suitable for protection of electrical equipment and batteries in electric vehicles.

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Abstract

一种断路器，包括串联在被保护电路(300)中的主保护电路(100)；串联在被保护电路(300)中的辅助保护电路(200)；主保护电路(100)与辅助保护电路(200)并联；机械断开装置，机械断开装置在被保护电路(300)发生过电流时断开主保护电路(100)；熔断装置，熔断装置在主保护电路(100)断开后熔断而断开被保护电路(300)。

Description

断路器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201721081366.1，申请日为2017年08月28日以及申请号为201721781270.6，申请日为2017年12月19日的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种断路器。
背景技术
断路器是一种常用的保护电器。现有的断路器通常包括电流传感器、电子监控单元、断开设备和熔丝，其断开电路的方法是：由电流传感器检测被保护电路的电流信号并发送给电子测控单元，当被保护电路电路发生故障时，电子测控单元发出点火信号，引爆炸药，断开设备迅速斩断熔丝，实现断开电路的目的。
上述断路器虽然也可以达到断开电路的目的，但在实际应用时却存在以下弊端：1)由于断路器直接通过斩断熔丝的方式达到断开电路的目的，没有采取好的灭弧措施，在断开电路过程中会有燃弧时间很长的风险，特别是在高电压下断开电路时，会因燃弧时间过长而不能达到有效断开电路的目的，从而导致被保护电路的电路元器件受损，无法实现有效的电路保护；2)现有断路器中用于故障检测的电子监控单元通常采用传感器和电子电路，一方面成本较高，另一方面增加许多中间环节，响应速度慢，在实际应用中存在电磁干扰或电子元器件失效等因素，从而易造成误动作或拒动作的情况，安全性和可靠性较低。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本公开提供了一种断路器，旨在解决现有断路器灭弧效果差、安全性和可靠性较低的技术问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本公开的断路器采用的技术方案是：
断路器，包括：
主保护电路，所述主保护电路用于串联在被保护电路中；
辅助保护电路，所述辅助保护电路用于串联在被保护电路中；
所述主保护电路与所述辅助保护电路并联连接；
机械断开装置，所述机械断开装置能在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而断开所述主保护电路；
熔断装置，所述熔断装置串联设置在所述辅助保护电路中，所述熔断装置能在所述主保护电路断开后由所述过电流熔断而断开所述辅助保护电路，进而断开所述被保护电路。
被保护电路进一步的，所述机械断开装置、主保护电路和辅助保护电路从上至下依次设置。
进一步的，所述机械断开装置包括储能装置、驱动机构及执行机构，所述驱动机构能在所述储能机构提供的动力源作用下动作，所述储能机构能在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而释放所述动力源，所述执行机构与所述驱动机构相连并能在所述驱动机构的驱动下切断所述主保护电路。
进一步的，所述储能装置为气体发生器，所述气体发生器包括置于安装槽内的产气材料及气体发生媒介，所述气体发生媒介在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而使所述产气材料产生气体。
优选的，所述产气材料为炸药，所述安装槽为炸药安装槽，所述气体发生媒介为与所述炸药相连的炸药引爆器，所述炸药引爆器在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而引爆所述炸药。
进一步的，所述炸药由密封盖密封于所述炸药安装槽内。
进一步的，所述驱动机构为活塞；所述活塞包括与所述安装槽连通的气缸及设于所述气缸内的活塞杆。
进一步的，所述执行机构为与设于所述驱动机构或与所述驱动机构一体成型的绝缘刀片。
进一步的，所述熔断装置为保险丝，或所述熔断装置包括保险丝和灭弧结构。
进一步的，所述主保护电路包括与所述机械断开装置相对而置的主电路熔丝，所述机械断开装置在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而切断所述主电路熔丝。
进一步的，所述主电路熔丝位于绝缘底座的上侧，所述保险丝位于所述绝缘底座的下侧，所述保险丝经连接片与所述主电路熔丝并联连接。
进一步的，所述保险丝的电阻值为所述主电路熔丝的电阻值的30倍以上。
进一步的，所述断路器包括用于触发所述机械断开装置动作的触发装置。
进一步的，所述触发装置为电弧触发装置。
基于上述技术方案，本公开的断路器相对于现有技术至少具有以下有益效果：将主保护电路和辅助保护电路并联设置，在被保护电路发生过电流时，一方面机械断开装置能迅 速切断主保护电路，另一方面在主保护电路断开后过电流将全部流向串联设置在辅助保护电路中的熔断装置，从而能快速熔融熔断装置，断开辅助保护电路，进而断开被保护电路。在辅助保护电路及被保护电路断开的过程中，进行灭弧，电弧熄灭时间短、灭弧效果好；该断路器整体体积较小，限流能力强，安全性高、可靠性较好，能实现有效的电路保护，避免被保护电路中的电路元器件受损。
附图说明
本公开的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种断路器的剖视示意图；
图2为图1所示断路器的组装结构示意图；
图3为图1所示断路器的爆炸图；
图4为图1所示断路器的电路原理图。
附图标记说明：
100：主保护电路；110：主电路熔丝；200：辅助保护电路；210：保险丝；220：连接片；300：被保护电路；411：炸药引爆器；412：炸药；413：炸药安装槽；421：活塞杆；422：气缸；430：绝缘刀片；510：密封盖；520：密封结构；600：外壳；700：绝缘底座；710：凹槽；720：螺纹连接件；800：电弧触发装置。
具体实施方式
为了使本公开要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本公开进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
此外，需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。
参照图1至图4所示，本公开实施例提供的一种断路器，包括：
主保护电路100，主保护电路100用于串联在被保护电路300中；
辅助保护电路200，辅助保护电路200用于串联在被保护电路300中；
主保护电路100与辅助保护电路200并联连接；
机械断开装置，机械断开装置能在被保护电路300发生过电流时被触发而断开主保护电路100；
熔断装置，所述熔断装置串联设置在所述辅助保护电路中，所述熔断装置能在所述主保护电路100断开后由所述过电流熔断而断开所述辅助保护电路200，进而断开所述被保护电路300。
该断路器，将设有主保护电路100和辅助保护电路200并联设置，在被保护电路300发生过电流时，一方面机械断开装置能迅速切断主保护电路100，另一方面在主保护电路100断开后过电流将全部流向串联设置在辅助保护电路200中的熔断装置，从而能快速熔融熔断装置，断开辅助保护电路200，进而断开被保护电路300。在辅助保护电路200及被保护电路300断开的过程中，进行灭弧，电弧熄灭时间短、灭弧效果好；该断路器整体体积较小，限流能力强，安全性高、可靠性较好，能实现有效的电路保护，避免被保护电路300中的电路元器件受损。
上述发生的过电流情况可能为例如短路情况，即浪涌过电流，或者过载情况，即缓慢变化的过电流，其能够导致负载的过热。这种过电流情况可清楚地理解，在此不作详述。
应当理解的是，为了确保在被保护电路300出现过电流时，主保护电路100和辅助保护电路200依次断开的先后顺序，在实际应用时，熔断装置的电阻远大于主保护电路100的电阻，且主保护电路100的电阻较小，换句话说，在正常情况下，主保护电路100被布置为允许被保护电路300的电流通过，而被保护电路300流向辅助保护电路200的支路电流则较小。
进一步的，在本实施例中，机械断开装置、主保护电路100和辅助保护电路200从上至下依次设置。这样的结构有利于机械断开装置切断主保护电路100。
进一步的，在本实施例中，机械断开装置包括储能装置、驱动机构及执行机构，驱动机构在储能机构提供的动力源作用下动作，储能机构能在被保护电路300发生过电流时被触发而释放动力源，执行机构与驱动机构相连并能在驱动机构的驱动下切断主保护电路 100。这样机械断开装置在达到在过电流时有效切断主保护电路100的前提下，具有结构简单、组装方便等优点。
进一步的，在本实施例中，储能装置为气体发生器，该气体发生器包括置于安装槽内的产气材料及气体发生媒介，气体发生媒介在被保护电路300发生过电流时被触发而使产气材料产生气体。利用产气材料产生的大量气体作为动力源，简单方便。
作为本公开的一个优选实施例，上述产气材料优选为炸药412，则相应的安装槽为炸药安装槽413，上述气体发生媒介为与炸药412相连的炸药引爆器411，炸药引爆器411在被保护电路300发生过电流时被触发而引爆炸药412。借助炸药412爆炸时能产生较大的能量，进而能为驱动机构提供较大的动力以更好的驱动执行机构迅速切断主保护电路100，有利于进一步提高电路保护的可靠性。
进一步的，在本实施例中，炸药412由密封盖510密封于炸药安装槽413内。密封盖510的设置有利于防止炸药412受外环境影响而发生氧化分解，从而有利于提高断路器的使用寿命，并进一步提高了电路保护的可靠性。
进一步的，在本实施例中，驱动机构为活塞；活塞包括与炸药安装槽413连通的气缸422及设于气缸422内的活塞杆421。炸药413被炸药引爆器411引燃后，产生的强大气流和热能可迅速进入气缸422内部，从而推动活塞杆421快速移动而驱动执行机构切断主保护电路100。活塞能够将炸药412引燃后产生的能量转换为驱动执行机构切断主保护电路100操作的较大机械力，并具有复位功能，便于重新更换主保护电路100和辅助保护电路200后对断路器的重复利用，其结构稳定性和可靠性较好，安装方便。
在实际应用时，本公开实施例提供的断路器具有外壳600及由壳体界定的内腔，上述活塞杆421和炸药安装槽413可依次适配安装于内腔中，上述活塞可借助外壳600的内壁和炸药安装槽413的槽壁形成气缸422，即上述气缸422可由内腔提供，从而进一步简化结构，提高整体结构的紧凑性。上述密封槽可适配安装于内腔中或者盖设于外壳600的外壁上以使内腔保持密封。上述活塞杆421与外壳600的内壁之间还优选设有密封结构520以提高气缸422的密封性，避免炸药412引燃后产生的强大气流从外壳600的内壁与活塞杆421之间的缝隙泄露而影响活塞杆421对执行机构的驱动效果。该密封结构520可以是现有的密封圈。
当然，上述机械断开装置也可以是现有的触点断开装置或跳闸装置等；上述储能机构和驱动机构可以由弹簧提供。
具体在本实施例中，执行机构为与设于驱动机构或与驱动机构一体成型的绝缘刀片430。应当理解的是，上述绝缘刀片430是与主保护电路100相对而置的，以便在驱动机构 (具体在本实施例中为活塞的活塞杆421)的驱动下快速、准确的切断主保护电路100。
上述外壳600、炸药安装槽413、活塞杆421均为绝缘结构。
当然，上述储能装置也可以是现有的机械储能、电磁储能或其他电化学储能装置等。上述产气材料当然也可以其他现有的化合物。
进一步的，在本实施例中，主保护电路100包括与机械断开装置相对而置的主电路熔丝110，机械断开装置(具体为机械断开装置的执行机构，在本实施例中该执行机构具体为绝缘刀片430)在被保护电路300发生过电流时被触发而切断主电路熔丝110；熔断装置为保险丝210，或熔断装置包括保险丝210和灭弧结构。具体而言，主电路熔丝110是与绝缘刀片430相对而置的。被保护电路300发生异常时，主电路熔丝110能被绝缘刀片430快速斩断，迫使电流瞬间转移至保险丝210所在的辅助保护电路200，保险丝210迅速熔断，进而达到彻底切断故障电路的目的。当熔断装置仅包括保险丝210时，该保险丝210优选为现有的灭弧保险丝，当然该熔断装置也可以包括分别设置的保险丝和灭弧结构。
进一步的，在本实施例中，所述主电路熔丝110位于绝缘底座700的上侧，所述保险丝210位于所述绝缘底座700的下侧，所述保险丝210经连接片220与所述主电路熔丝110并联连接。绝缘底座700的设置方便对主电路熔丝110和保险丝210的定位安装。在实际安装时，保险丝210可通过螺纹连接件720固定连接在连接片220上。连接片220与主电路熔丝110可采用钎焊或者压接方式固定连接。
优选的，为了使绝缘刀片430能更加方便、快速、有效的斩断主电路熔丝110，还可在绝缘底座700上设置与主电路熔丝110相对而置的凹槽710，即将主电路熔丝110绷直并悬置于凹槽710上。
进一步的，在本实施例中，为确保被保护电路300在正常运行时，主电路熔丝110所在的支路承担几乎所有电路电流，保险丝210所在支路几乎没有电流；而在被保护电路300发生过电流时，保险丝210后于主电路熔丝110断开；保险丝210的电阻值为主电路熔丝110的电阻值的30倍以上。此外，保险丝210的熔断特性也应保证其在主电路熔丝110彻底被斩断后再起弧。
本公开实施例提供的断路器中，外壳600采用硬度较高、绝缘效果好的陶瓷、电木、塑胶或其他现有绝缘材料制作而成；活塞杆421、绝缘刀片430、绝缘底座700用绝缘效果好，耐高温，硬度好的陶瓷、电木、塑料、纤维或其他现有绝缘材料制作而成。上述主电路熔丝110和保险丝210以及连接片220的材质为不限于银、铜、铝或银铜合金的导电材料。
进一步的，在本实施例中，该断路器还包括用于触发机械断开装置动作的触发装置。 具体而言，可采用
主保护电路100和辅助保护电路200与触发装置以先并后串的结构进行设置，参照图4所示，并联连接后的主保护电路100和辅助保护电路200与触发装置串联；触发装置优选为电弧触发装置800。采用电弧触发装置800能利用被保护电路300中的电流的热效应作为电路异常检测的手段，减少了电路中电流采集和控制模块，能快速触发炸药引爆器411，响应速度快，并能有效避免电磁干扰或电子元器件失效等因素造成误动作或不动作的可能。
上述本公开实施例提供的断路器适合用于保护电器设备和保护电池，并且尤其适合用于电动车中电器设备和电池的保护。
以上仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 断路器，其特征在于,包括:
    主保护电路，所述主保护电路用于串联在被保护电路中；
    辅助保护电路，所述辅助保护电路用于串联在被保护电路中；
    所述主保护电路与所述辅助保护电路并联连接；
    机械断开装置，所述机械断开装置能在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而断开所述主保护电路；
    熔断装置，所述熔断装置串联设置在所述辅助保护电路中，所述熔断装置能在所述主保护电路断开后由所述过电流熔断而断开所述辅助保护电路，进而断开所述被保护电路。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述机械断开装置、所述主保护电路和所述辅助保护电路从上至下依次设置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述机械断开装置包括储能装置、驱动机构及执行机构，所述驱动机构能在所述储能机构提供的动力源作用下动作，所述储能机构能在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而释放所述动力源，所述执行机构与所述驱动机构相连并能在所述驱动机构的驱动下切断所述主保护电路。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述储能装置为气体发生器，所述气体发生器包括置于安装槽内的产气材料及气体发生媒介，所述气体发生媒介在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而使所述产气材料产生气体。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述产气材料为炸药，所述安装槽为炸药安装槽，所述气体发生媒介为与所述炸药相连的炸药引爆器，所述炸药引爆器在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而引爆所述炸药。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述炸药由密封盖密封于所述炸药安装槽内。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述驱动机构为活塞；所述活塞包括与所述安装槽连通的气缸及设于所述气缸内的活塞杆。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述执行机构为设于所述驱动机构或与所述驱动机构一体成型的绝缘刀片。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述熔断装置为保险丝，或所述熔断装置包括保险丝和灭弧结构。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述主保护电路包括与所述机械断开 装置相对而置的主电路熔丝，所述机械断开装置在所述被保护电路发生过电流时被触发而切断所述主电路熔丝。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述主电路熔丝位于绝缘底座的上侧，所述保险丝位于所述绝缘底座的下侧，所述保险丝经连接片与所述主电路熔丝并联连接。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述保险丝的电阻值为所述主电路熔丝的电阻值的30倍以上。
  13. 如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述断路器包括用于触发所述机械断开装置动作的触发装置。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述触发装置为电弧触发装置。
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