WO2017190220A1 - Outil de formage à chaud à source de lumière infrarouge - Google Patents

Outil de formage à chaud à source de lumière infrarouge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017190220A1
WO2017190220A1 PCT/CA2017/000117 CA2017000117W WO2017190220A1 WO 2017190220 A1 WO2017190220 A1 WO 2017190220A1 CA 2017000117 W CA2017000117 W CA 2017000117W WO 2017190220 A1 WO2017190220 A1 WO 2017190220A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
structural component
die assembly
dies
set forth
die
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2017/000117
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edward William Schleichert
Original Assignee
Magna International Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna International Inc. filed Critical Magna International Inc.
Priority to DE112017002311.4T priority Critical patent/DE112017002311T5/de
Priority to US16/092,105 priority patent/US20190119768A1/en
Publication of WO2017190220A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017190220A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to tailored structural components with varying microstructures and more particularly to tailored structural components for automotive vehicles and to methods of manufacturing the same.
  • High strength structural components formed of steel for automotive vehicles are oftentimes designed with tailored material properties to meet crash standards set by the automotive industry and to meet other requirements.
  • a steel blank can be hot formed and quenched to create hard zones providing the required strength, and soft zones providing an increased ductility in select areas of the blank.
  • Various tailored tempering properties (TTP) technologies can be used to form the soft zones.
  • the soft zones can be formed by heating sections of the dies while forming the blank to a desired shape between the dies.
  • the soft zones can also be formed during a post shaping, annealing process.
  • TTP tailored tempering properties
  • One aspect of the present invention is related to a method of making a shaped structural component.
  • the method includes the step of preparing a die assembly which includes a first die with a first forming surface and a second die with a second forming surface and wherein at least one of the first and second dies has an opening which extends to a respective one of the first and second forming surfaces.
  • the method proceeds with the step of heating a blank that is made of metal.
  • the method continues with the step of inserting the heated blank into the die assembly between the first and second forming surfaces.
  • the method proceeds with the step of closing the die assembly to deform the blank into a structural component.
  • the method continues with the step of simultaneously cooling at least one first portion of the structural component that is in contact with the first and second forming surfaces and directing infrared light directly onto at least one second portion of the structural component through the at least one opening to maintain the at least one second portion at an elevated temperature compared to the at least one first portion.
  • the method allows for structural components with tailored tempered properties to be produced in a die assembly with extremely quick cycle times and without the need for any post formation heat treating operations.
  • the method also requires minimal tool costs and energy input, and the die assembly may be quickly modified at little to no additional cost to alter the metallurgical properties of the resulting structural components.
  • the method further includes the steps of opening the die assembly and removing the structural component from the die assembly and wherein the at least one second portion of the structural component is at a higher temperature than the at least one first portion when the structural component is removed from the die assembly.
  • the heated blank is above 650 degrees Celsius before the step of closing the die assembly.
  • the at least one first portion of the structural component has a temperature that is less than 200 degrees Celsius and the at least one second portion of the structural component has a temperature that is greater than 300 degrees Celsius when the structural component is removed from the die assembly.
  • the metal of the at least one first portion of the structural component is at least substantially entirely martensite after the structural component is removed from the die assembly.
  • the step of directing infrared light directly onto the at least one second portion of the structural component occurs for less than an entire time that the die assembly is closed.
  • each of the first and second forming surfaces is provided with at least one opening, and the openings in the first and second dies are aligned with one another.
  • the step of directing light directly at the at least one second portion of the structural component is further defined as directing light directly at the at least one second portion through both of the aligned openings in the first and second dies.
  • the blank is made of 22MnB5 steel.
  • the step of closing the die assembly is further defined as moving one of the first and second dies towards the other of the first and second dies to sandwich the blank between the first and second forming surfaces.
  • the die assembly includes a first die that has a first forming surface and a second die that has a second forming surface. At least one of the first and second dies is movable relative to the other of the first and second dies to open and close the die assembly.
  • the first and second dies have cooling channels for conveying a coolant through the first and second dies to cool the structural component. At least one of the first and second dies has at least one opening that extends to the respective forming surface.
  • At least one infrared lamp is disposed in the at least one opening for directing infrared light directly onto the structural component when the die assembly is closed.
  • each of the first and second dies has at least one opening, and the openings in the first and second dies are aligned with one another.
  • the at least one infrared lamp is disposed in the opening of one of the first and second dies and the aligned opening of the other of the first and second dies is free of infrared lamps.
  • infrared lamps are disposed in both of the aligned openings in the first and second dies.
  • each of the first and second dies has a plurality of the openings.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective elevation view of a structural component produced according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structural component of
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the structural component of Figure 1 and taken through one of the soft zones shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first exemplary embodiment of a die assembly for making the structural component with a blank being loaded onto the die assembly and the die assembly being in an open condition;
  • Figure 5 is another cross-sectional view of the first exemplary embodiment of the die assembly and with the die assembly being in a closed condition and having shaped the blank into a structural component;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second exemplary embodiment of the die assembly with the die assembly being in a closed condition and having shaped the blank into the structural component;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a second exemplary embodiment of the die assembly with the die assembly being in a closed condition and having shaped the blank into the structural component.
  • a structural component 20 which is made with a method according to one aspect of the present invention, is generally shown.
  • the structural component 20 has tailored material properties because, though it is made of a single, monolithic piece, it has quenched areas with increased hardness and tempered areas with increased ductility.
  • the structural component 20 is a B-pillar for an automotive vehicle body.
  • the method could be employed to make a range of different automotive and non-automotive components including, for example, pillars, beams, bumpers, and rails.
  • the exemplary method includes with the step of preparing a die assembly 22 which includes an upper die 24 and a lower die 26.
  • the upper die 24 is movable in a vertical direction to open (shown in Figure 4) and close (shown in Figure 5) the die assembly 22.
  • the upper die 24 has an upper forming surface 28 which faces towards the lower die 26, and the lower die 26 has a lower forming surface 30 which faces towards the upper die 24.
  • the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 are shaped such that when the die assembly 22 in the closed position, a gap between the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 defines a cavity which is shaped generally similarly to the structural component 20.
  • Each of the dies 24, 26 also includes a plurality of cooling channels 32 for conveying a cooling fluid (such as water) through the dies 24, 26 to cool the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 and thereby quench the structural component 20 during operation of the die assembly 22.
  • the upper and lower dies 24, 26 also include a plurality of sets of aligned openings 34 (one set of aligned openings 34 being shown in Figures 4 and 5) which extend from inside the dies 24, 26 to the respective forming surfaces 28, 30 such that the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 are non-continuous. Therefore, during quenching, heat is not extracted from the areas of the structural component 20 that are aligned with the openings 34 as quickly as it is extracted from the surrounding areas.
  • the openings 34 may have any suitable shapes and sizes.
  • the die assembly 22 also includes a heat source in the form of a plurality of infrared lamps 36 (one being shown in Figures 4 and 5) which are disposed in at least some of the openings 34 of the upper die 24 and are aimed to emit infrared light downwardly towards the lower die 26.
  • the openings in the lower die 26 are free of infrared lamps 24 or other heat sources and may be empty or may be filled with an insulating material.
  • the infrared lamps 36 may only be disposed in the openings 34 of the lower die 26 or may be disposed in the openings 34 of both of the upper and lower dies 24, 26.
  • the method proceeds with the step of heating a metal blank 38 in an oven.
  • the blank 38 is provided in the form of a sheet of metal and is entirely heated to a generally uniform temperature that is greater than 900 degrees Celsius.
  • the metal of the blank 38 is preferably steel or a steel alloy, such as 22MbB5 steel. However, it should be appreciated that any suitable metal.
  • the method continues with the step of inserting the heated blank 38 into the die assembly 22 between the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 and into the position shown in Figure 4.
  • the blank 36 may be supported by one or more spacers to keep the blank out of contact with or in minimal contact with the lower die 26.
  • the method proceeds with the step of closing the die assembly 22 to deform the blank 36 between the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 to conform the blank 38 to the shape of the cavity and thereby shape the blank 38 into the structural component 20.
  • the entire blank 38 is preferably at a generally constant temperature of approximately 700 degrees Celsius at the time that the die assembly 22 begins closing.
  • the elevated temperature of the blank 38 allows the metal to very easily conform to the shape of the cavity as the die assembly 22 without overly stressing the metal in a process sometimes known as "hot forming”.
  • the method continues with the step of quenching a first portion 40 of the structural component 20 that is in direct contact with the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 of the upper and lower dies 24, 26.
  • heat is rapidly extracted from the metal of the first portion 40, through the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 and to the cooling fluid in the cooling channels 32 of the upper and lower dies 24, 26.
  • the rapid cooling of the metal of the first portion 40 results in the formation of martensite such that the first portion 40 of the structural component 20 has a very high hardness.
  • the infrared lamps 36 are operated to direct infrared light through the openings 34 in the upper die 24 and directly onto a plurality of second portions 42 of the structural component 20.
  • the infrared light injects heat into the metal of the second portions 42 to maintain the second portions 42 at elevated temperatures while the first portion 40 rapidly cools during quenching.
  • the second portions 42 are preferably still at elevated temperatures relative to the first portion 40.
  • the first portion 40 has a temperature that is less than 125 degrees Celsius and the second portions are at a temperature that is greater than 300 degrees Celsius.
  • the relatively slower cooling of the second portions 42 relative to the first portion 40 tempers the metal in the second portions 42 to prevent, or at least reduces, the formation of martensite in the second portions 42 of the structural component 20 and may promote the formation of at least one of tempered martensite, ferrite, pearlite, bainite, austenite, and cementite.
  • the martensitic first portion 40 (referred to hereinafter as the "hard zone 40") of the structural component 20 has an increased hardness relative to the second portions 42 (referred to hereinafter as “soft zones 42"), and the soft zones 42 have a reduced hardness and increased ductility as compared to the hard zone 40.
  • the structural component 20 also includes transition zones 44 between the soft zones 42 and the hard zone 40.
  • the transition zones 44 the ductility of the metal increases from the hard zone 40 to the respective soft zone 42, and the hardness increases from the respective soft zone 42 to the hard zone 40.
  • the infrared lamps 36 and the structural component 20 in the cavity of the die assembly 22 and the time that the infrared lamps 36 are operated may all be specifically chosen in order to provide the soft zones 42 of the resulting structural component 20 with the desired microstructures and material properties. These variables can be different for the different infrared lamps 36 such that the multiple soft zones 42 in the structural component 20 can have different microstructures and different metallurgical properties.
  • the entire cycle time of the die assembly 22 from inserting the blank 38 between the upper and lower forming surfaces 28, 30 to removing the shaped structural component 20 from the die assembly preferably takes less than twenty seconds.
  • the rapid speed with which the infrared lamp 36 is able to get up to operating temperature has been found to allow for such a quick cycle time, thereby allowing the die assembly 22 to produce a very large number of structural components 20 in minimal time.
  • the soft zones 42 are preferably still at an elevated temperature as compared to the hard zone 40.
  • the hard and soft zones 40, 42 then finish cooling to room temperature outside of the die assembly 22. No post formation heat treating operations are required.
  • the openings 34 of the upper and lower dies 24, 26 extend all the way to the forming surfaces 28, 30, the metal in the soft zones 42 of the structural component 20 cannot be deformed as the die assembly 22 is closed. That is, the soft zones 42 can only be formed into underformed, or flat, areas of the structural component 20.
  • the soft zones 42 are preferably located in areas of the structural component
  • the soft zones 42 can be located in places where mechanical elements, such as self-piercing rivets or flow screws, are to penetrate the structural component 20, thereby allowing for easier penetration of the structural component 20.
  • the soft zones 42 can also be placed in areas of the structural component 20 that are subject to localized forces to reduce local stresses by absorbing energy and prevent, or at least reduce, the formation of cracks in those areas.
  • FIG. 6 a second exemplary embodiment of the die assembly 122 is generally shown with like numerals, separated by a prefix of "1", indicating corresponding parts with the first exemplary embodiment described above.
  • infrared lamps 136 are provided in the openings 134 of both of the upper and lower dies 124, 126. Accordingly, when the die assembly 122 is closed, infrared light is guided directly onto both a top surface and a bottom surface of the structural component 120 to warm the soft zones 142.
  • a third exemplary embodiment of the die assembly 222 is generally shown with like numerals, separated by a prefix of "2", indicating corresponding parts with the first and second exemplary embodiments described above.
  • the lower die 226 lacks openings 234, and therefore, when the die assembly 222 heat is closed, heat is injected into soft zones 242 from the infrared light and heat is extracted from the soft zones 242 through the lower forming surface 230 of the lower die 226. This may allow for some deformation of the metal in the soft zones 242. The rate that the heat is extracted from the soft zones 242 may be controlled by spacing the cooling channels 232 in the lower die 226 further from this area of the lower forming surface 230.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé de la présente invention comprend l'étape de préparation d'un ensemble matrice puis passe à l'étape de chauffage d'une ébauche en métal. Le procédé se poursuit avec l'étape d'insertion de l'ébauche chauffée dans l'ensemble matrice. Le procédé passe à l'étape de fermeture de l'ensemble matrice pour déformer l'ébauche en un élément structural. Lorsque l'ensemble matrice est fermé, le procédé se poursuit par l'étape consistant à refroidir simultanément au moins une première partie de l'élément structurel qui est en contact avec les première et seconde surfaces de formation et à diriger la lumière infrarouge directement sur au moins une seconde partie de l'élément structurel à travers ladite ouverture pour maintenir ladite seconde partie à une température élevée par rapport à ladite première partie.
PCT/CA2017/000117 2016-05-04 2017-05-04 Outil de formage à chaud à source de lumière infrarouge WO2017190220A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112017002311.4T DE112017002311T5 (de) 2016-05-04 2017-05-04 Warmform-Werkzeug mit Infrarot-Lichtquelle
US16/092,105 US20190119768A1 (en) 2016-05-04 2017-05-04 Hot forming tool with infrared light source

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662331717P 2016-05-04 2016-05-04
US62/331,717 2016-05-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017190220A1 true WO2017190220A1 (fr) 2017-11-09

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PCT/CA2017/000117 WO2017190220A1 (fr) 2016-05-04 2017-05-04 Outil de formage à chaud à source de lumière infrarouge

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20190119768A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE112017002311T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017190220A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108817294A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-16 刘福芳 一种提高冷却效率的锻压模具
RU2686176C1 (ru) * 2018-04-09 2019-04-24 Кожокин Тимофей Иванович Охлаждаемая матрица штампа под поковку-диск
WO2019171868A1 (fr) * 2018-03-09 2019-09-12 住友重機械工業株式会社 Dispositif de moulage, procédé de moulage et tuyau métallique
JP6664556B1 (ja) * 2018-10-10 2020-03-13 ユニプレス株式会社 プレス成形品の製造方法、保持具、及びプレス成形品の製造システム
WO2020075310A1 (fr) 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 ユニプレス株式会社 Procédé de fabrication d'article moulé à la presse, outil de retenue et système de fabrication d'article moulé à la presse
WO2021217266A1 (fr) * 2020-05-01 2021-11-04 Magna International Inc. Appareil d'estampage pour former des propriétés sur mesure sur une pièce estampée

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MX2019000313A (es) * 2016-07-13 2019-04-01 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp Articulo formado por estampado en caliente, elemento del vehiculo y metodo de fabricacion del articulo formado por estampado en caliente.
KR102340442B1 (ko) * 2017-12-25 2021-12-16 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 프레스 성형품의 제조 방법
JP7214973B2 (ja) * 2018-03-30 2023-01-31 マツダ株式会社 熱間プレス加工方法及び加工装置
WO2024062035A1 (fr) * 2022-09-22 2024-03-28 Autotech Engineering S.L. Composants structuraux pour un véhicule et procédés

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US20110132897A1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2011-06-09 Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd. Heating device and heating method
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Cited By (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019171868A1 (fr) * 2018-03-09 2019-09-12 住友重機械工業株式会社 Dispositif de moulage, procédé de moulage et tuyau métallique
CN111788019A (zh) * 2018-03-09 2020-10-16 住友重机械工业株式会社 成型装置、成型方法及金属管
JPWO2019171868A1 (ja) * 2018-03-09 2021-03-11 住友重機械工業株式会社 成形装置、成形方法、及び金属パイプ
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RU2686176C1 (ru) * 2018-04-09 2019-04-24 Кожокин Тимофей Иванович Охлаждаемая матрица штампа под поковку-диск
CN108817294A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-16 刘福芳 一种提高冷却效率的锻压模具
JP6664556B1 (ja) * 2018-10-10 2020-03-13 ユニプレス株式会社 プレス成形品の製造方法、保持具、及びプレス成形品の製造システム
WO2020075310A1 (fr) 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 ユニプレス株式会社 Procédé de fabrication d'article moulé à la presse, outil de retenue et système de fabrication d'article moulé à la presse
CN111315503A (zh) * 2018-10-10 2020-06-19 优尼冲压株式会社 压制成形品的制造方法、保持件以及压制成形品的制造系统
US11161164B2 (en) * 2018-10-10 2021-11-02 Unipres Corporation Method for manufacturing a press-molded article, a retainer, and a manufacturing system for a press-molded article
EP3865227A4 (fr) * 2018-10-10 2021-11-24 Unipres Corporation Procédé de fabrication d'article moulé à la presse, outil de retenue et système de fabrication d'article moulé à la presse
WO2021217266A1 (fr) * 2020-05-01 2021-11-04 Magna International Inc. Appareil d'estampage pour former des propriétés sur mesure sur une pièce estampée

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DE112017002311T5 (de) 2019-02-14
US20190119768A1 (en) 2019-04-25

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