WO2017185723A1 - 一种煤层开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法 - Google Patents

一种煤层开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法 Download PDF

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WO2017185723A1
WO2017185723A1 PCT/CN2016/106341 CN2016106341W WO2017185723A1 WO 2017185723 A1 WO2017185723 A1 WO 2017185723A1 CN 2016106341 W CN2016106341 W CN 2016106341W WO 2017185723 A1 WO2017185723 A1 WO 2017185723A1
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protective layer
mining
rock
coal
layer
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PCT/CN2016/106341
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张吉雄
张强
孙强
梅贤丞
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to RU2018115269A priority Critical patent/RU2663978C1/ru
Priority to US15/767,132 priority patent/US20190071967A1/en
Priority to CA3000576A priority patent/CA3000576C/en
Priority to AU2016405113A priority patent/AU2016405113A1/en
Publication of WO2017185723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017185723A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil

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  • the invention relates to a design method for mining upper protective layer in coal seam mining, in particular to a design method for mining protective layer on a near full rock in coal seam mining.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a design method for mining protective layer on near-total whole rock in coal seam mining with significant economic benefits, safety and reliability, and to solve the problem of low permeability high gas coal seam mining which can be recovered without conventional protective layer.
  • the design method for the protective layer mining near the whole rock in the coal mining of the present invention is based on the information of the engineering geological conditions of the protective layer and the physical and mechanical parameters of the coal rock sample, and the numerical analysis method is used to determine the protected layer.
  • Expansion deformation rate The damage depth K of the plastic floor of the protective layer and the gas pressure P of the coal seam meet the thickness M of the protective layer of the protective coal and gas outburst regulations, the distance H between the protective layer and the layer to be protected, and then according to the rock layer mining in the protective layer near the whole rock.
  • the percentage of thickness is determined in the traditional fully mechanized mining process, single-row blasting pre-cracking assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process and double-row three-flower hole blasting assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • the finite element analysis software FLAC 3D is used to establish the numerical model of coal mining on the protective layer near the whole rock;
  • the near-full rock is determined in the traditional fully mechanized mining process, the single-row blasting pre-cracking assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process and the three-flower hole blasting assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process.
  • Protective layer mining process is determined in the traditional fully mechanized mining process, the single-row blasting pre-cracking assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process and the three-flower hole blasting assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process.
  • the protective layer of the near-full rock is located above the protected layer and the protective layer has a thickness of 1.5-3.0 m, and the protective layer has a germanium content of 80%.
  • the design method for the protective layer mining of the near-full rock in the present invention only needs to determine the thickness of the upper protective layer and the distance between the protective layer and the layer to be protected in actual application, and the rock layer can be mined according to the protective layer of the near-full rock.
  • the percentage of mining thickness determines the mining process of the near-full-rock protective layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing a protective layer on a near-full rock in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing the change of the expansion deformation of the protected layer of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the variation of the depth of damage of the plastic zone of the protective layer of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a histogram of gas pressure change in coal seam of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a single row of holes in the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the arrangement of the double row three-flower hole blasthole of the present invention.
  • the design method of the protective layer mining near the whole rock of the invention is based on the engineering geological condition information of the protective layer mining well and the physical and mechanical parameters of the coal rock sample, and the numerical simulation calculation and analysis method is adopted to obtain the protective layer mining that meets the requirements.
  • the thickness M the distance between the protective layer and the layer to be protected, and then according to the percentage of the thickness of the stratum in the mining of the protective layer near the whole rock, in the traditional fully mechanized mining process, single-row blasting pre-cracking assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process and double row three
  • the flower hole blasting assists the traditional fully mechanized mining process to determine the mining process of the near-full rock protective layer.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • the finite element analysis software FLAC 3D is used to establish the numerical model of coal mining on the protective layer near the whole rock;
  • the near-full rock is determined in the traditional fully mechanized mining process, the single-row blasting pre-cracking assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process and the three-flower hole blasting assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process.
  • Protective layer mining process is determined in the traditional fully mechanized mining process, the single-row blasting pre-cracking assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process and the three-flower hole blasting assisted traditional fully mechanized mining process.
  • Embodiment 1 Take a coal mine as an example, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
  • the FLAC 3D numerical simulation software is used to establish the fluid-solid coupling numerical model of the coal seam on the protective layer near the whole rock, as shown in Figure 2;
  • the model length ⁇ width ⁇ height is 300m ⁇ 250m ⁇ 100m; the surrounding constraints horizontal displacement, the bottom constraint horizontal displacement and vertical displacement; the constitutive relationship uses the Mohr-Coulomb model.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is determined to be 2.0 m, and the distance between the protective layer and the protected layer is 12 m;
  • the thickness of the protective layer and the distance between the protective layer and the layer to be protected are determined according to the percentage of the protective layer rock layer near the whole rock of the mine.
  • the fully mechanized mining process is used to directly break Rock
  • the single-row blasting pre-cracking is used to assist the traditional fully mechanized mining process.
  • the double-row three-flower hole blasting is used to assist the traditional fully mechanized mining process.
  • the layout of the single-row hole and the arrangement of the three-flower hole are shown in Figures 6 and 7.

Abstract

一种煤层开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法，以保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息与煤岩体试样的物理力学参数为基础，采用数值分析的方法，确定被保护层膨胀变形率φ、保护层底板塑性区破坏深度K、煤层瓦斯压力P满足《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》的保护层开采厚度M、保护层与被保护层层间距H，然后依据近全岩上保护层中岩石层开采厚度所占百分比，在传统综采工艺、单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺以及双排三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺中确定近全岩保护层开采工艺。此方法可为无常规保护层可采的低渗透性高瓦斯煤层的安全回采提供理论依据，同时进一步丰富保护层开采设计方法，该方法经济效益显著、安全高效，具有广泛的实用性。

Description

一种煤层开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法 技术领域
本发明涉及煤层开采中上保护层开采设计方法，特别是一种煤层开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法。
背景技术
在高瓦斯煤层的开采技术中，一般采用先采保护层进行瓦斯卸压抽采，再采被保护层。通过对上保护层开采，在上覆岩层移动以及通过钻孔对被保护层进行瓦斯抽采的作用，有效地对被保护层煤层进行瓦斯卸压。目前由于存在上保护层不具有传统的可采保护层煤层，对于高含矸率近全岩上保护层开采还没有一种准确的设计方法，而保护层开采工艺是影响近全岩上保护层开采的关键因素，因此，研究近全岩上保护层开采厚度及保护层与被保护层层间距，从而通过近全岩上保护层开采中岩层开采厚度所占百分比，在传统综采工艺、单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺以及三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺中确定近全岩保护层开采工艺，对实现高瓦斯煤层的安全开采具有重要意义。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是要提供一种经济效益显著、安全可靠的煤层开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法，解决现有无常规保护层可采的低渗透性高瓦斯煤层开采的问题，
技术方案：本发明的煤炭开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法，以保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息与煤岩体试样的物理力学参数为基础，采用数值分析的方法，确定被保护层膨胀变形率
Figure PCTCN2016106341-appb-000001
保护层底板塑性区破坏深度K、煤层瓦斯压力P满足《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》的保护层开采厚度M、保护层与被保护层层间距H，然后依据近全岩上保护层中岩石层开采厚度所占百分比，在传统综采工艺、单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺以及双排三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺中确定近全岩保护层开采工艺；其具体步骤如下：
(1)收集保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息，并进行煤岩体取样；
(2)将取样得到的煤岩体制成标准试样，进行岩石力学实验，获取煤岩体的物理力学参数；
(3)根据保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息与煤岩体的物理力学参数，采用有限元分析软件FLAC3D建立近全岩上保护层采煤数值模型；
(4)分别模拟计算与分析保护层与被保护层层间距H不变、保护层开采厚度M变化及保护层开采厚度M不变、保护层与被保护层层间距H变化的条件下被保护层膨胀变形率
Figure PCTCN2016106341-appb-000002
保护层底板塑性区破坏深度K、煤层瓦斯压力P的变化；
(5)以模拟计算的结果为基础，确定符合要求的保护层开采厚度M和保护层与被保护层层间距H；
(6)依据近全岩上保护层中岩石层开采厚度所占百分比，在传统综采工艺、单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺以及三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺中确定近全岩保护层开采工艺。
所述的近全岩上保护层为位于被保护层上方且保护层在开采厚度为1.5～3.0m时，保护层含矸率达到80％。
有益效果：本发明的一种近全岩上保护层开采设计方法，在实际运用时只需要确定上保护层开采厚度和保护层与被保护层层间距，便可根据近全岩保护层开采中岩层开采厚度所占百分比，确定近全岩保护层开采工艺，此方法为上保护层开采设计提供参考，为高瓦斯煤层突出矿井的安全开采提供理论基础。此方法经济效益显著、安全高效，具有广泛的实用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明近全岩上保护层开采设计方法流程图。
图2为本发明近全岩上保护层开采数值计算模型。
图3为本发明被保护层膨胀变形变化曲线图。
图4为本发明保护层底板塑性区破坏深度变化曲线图。
图5为本发明煤层瓦斯压力变化柱状图。
图6为本发明单排孔炮孔布置方式图。
图7为本发明双排三花孔炮孔布置方式图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述：
本发明的近全岩上保护层开采设计方法，以保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息与煤岩体试样的物理力学参数为基础，采用数值模拟计算与分析的方法，得到满足要求的保护层开采厚度M、保护层与被保护层层间距H，然后依据近全岩上保护层开采中岩层开采厚度所占百分比，在传统综采工艺、单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺以及双排三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺中确定近全岩保护层开采工艺，具体步骤如下：
(1)收集保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息，并进行煤岩体取样；
(2)将取样得到的煤岩体制成标准试样，进行岩石力学实验，获取煤岩体的物理力学参数；
(3)根据保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息与煤岩体的物理力学参数，采用有限元分析软件FLAC3D建立近全岩上保护层采煤数值模型；
(4)分别模拟计算与分析保护层与被保护层层间距H不变、保护层开采厚度M变化及保护层开采厚度M不变、保护层与被保护层层间距H变化的条件下被保护层膨胀变形率
Figure PCTCN2016106341-appb-000003
保护层底板塑性区破坏深度K、煤层瓦斯压力P的变化；
(5)以模拟计算的结果为基础，确定符合要求的保护层开采厚度M和保护层与被保护层层间距H；
(6)依据近全岩上保护层中岩石层开采厚度所占百分比，在传统综采工艺、单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺以及三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺中确定近全岩保护层开采工艺。
实施例1、以某煤矿为例，具体实施步骤如下：
(1)对该煤矿保护层开采矿井进行现场调研，收集工程地质条件信息，并进行煤岩体取样；
(2)将取样得到的煤岩体制成标准试样，通过岩石力学试验，获得煤岩体的物理力学参数，见表1；
表1
Figure PCTCN2016106341-appb-000004
(3)根据保护层开采矿井工程地质条件与煤岩体的物理力学参数，采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件建立近全岩上保护层采煤流固耦合数值模型，如图2所示；
模型长×宽×高为300m×250m×100m；四周约束水平方向位移，底部约束水平方向位移及垂直方向位移；本构关系采用摩尔-库伦模型。
(4)分别模拟计算与分析保护层与被保护层层间距H不变、保护层开采厚度M变化及保护层开采厚度M不变、保护层与被保护层层间距H变化的条件下被保护层膨胀变形率
Figure PCTCN2016106341-appb-000005
保护层底板塑性区破坏深度K、煤层瓦斯压力P的变化，具体模拟方案见表2，模拟结果如图3、4、5所示；
表2
Figure PCTCN2016106341-appb-000006
(5)以模拟结果为基础，在该矿实际工程地质条件的综合分析后，确定的保护层开采厚度为2.0m，保护层与被保护层层间距为12m；
(6)由确定的保护层开采厚度及保护层与被保护层层间距，根据该矿近全岩上保护层岩层所占百分比，当工作面岩层厚度在0.6m以下时，采用综采工艺直接破岩，当工作面岩层厚度在0.6～0.8m时，采用单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺，当工作面岩层厚度在0.8m以上时采用双排三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺，单排孔炮孔布置方式及三花孔布置方式如图6、7所示。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种煤层开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法，其特征是：以保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息与煤岩体试样的物理力学参数为基础，采用数值分析的方法，确定被保护层膨胀变形率
    Figure PCTCN2016106341-appb-100001
    保护层底板塑性区破坏深度K、煤层瓦斯压力P满足《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》的保护层开采厚度M、保护层与被保护层层间距H，然后依据近全岩上保护层中岩石层开采厚度所占百分比，在传统综采工艺、单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺以及双排三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺中确定近全岩保护层开采工艺；其具体步骤如下：
    (1)收集保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息，并进行煤岩体取样；
    (2)将取样得到的煤岩体制成标准试样，进行岩石力学实验，获取煤岩体的物理力学参数；
    (3)根据保护层开采矿井工程地质条件信息与煤岩体的物理力学参数，采用有限元分析软件FLAC3D建立近全岩上保护层采煤数值模型；
    (4)分别模拟计算与分析保护层与被保护层层间距H不变、保护层开采厚度M变化及保护层开采厚度M不变、保护层与被保护层层间距H变化的条件下被保护层膨胀变形率
    Figure PCTCN2016106341-appb-100002
    保护层底板塑性区破坏深度K、煤层瓦斯压力P的变化；
    (5)以模拟计算的结果为基础，确定符合要求的保护层开采厚度M和保护层与被保护层层间距H；
    (6)依据近全岩上保护层中岩石层开采厚度所占百分比，在传统综采工艺、单排孔爆破预裂辅助传统综采工艺以及双排三花孔爆破辅助传统综采工艺中确定近全岩保护层开采工艺。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤炭开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法，其特征在于：所述的近全岩上保护层为位于被保护层上方且保护层在开采厚度为1.5～3.0m时，保护层含矸率达到80％。
PCT/CN2016/106341 2016-04-29 2016-11-18 一种煤层开采中近全岩上保护层开采设计方法 WO2017185723A1 (zh)

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