WO2017185698A1 - 电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置 - Google Patents

电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017185698A1
WO2017185698A1 PCT/CN2016/103587 CN2016103587W WO2017185698A1 WO 2017185698 A1 WO2017185698 A1 WO 2017185698A1 CN 2016103587 W CN2016103587 W CN 2016103587W WO 2017185698 A1 WO2017185698 A1 WO 2017185698A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
link portion
unit
locking
fixing structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/103587
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄晨东
范君
赵文鹏
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to US16/096,412 priority Critical patent/US20190140231A1/en
Priority to EP16900206.0A priority patent/EP3451412A1/en
Publication of WO2017185698A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017185698A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, and in particular to a battery pack fixing structure and a battery pack replacing device for an electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack of an electric vehicle is bulky and heavy, and if the installation method is too complicated, it will result in low power exchange efficiency and low reliability.
  • the conventional method of fixing a battery pack by using a plurality of bolts has the problems of long time consumption, limited number of replaceable times, and complicated operation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of battery pack replacement device with high reliability, convenience, and speed.
  • the Chinese invention patent application with the application number 201310051930.5 discloses a chassis type power battery quick change locking mechanism, which comprises a battery pack and a locking mounting bracket fixedly mounted on the electric vehicle chassis.
  • a locking buckle is arranged on the battery bag, and a locking tongue adapted to the locking buckle is arranged on the locking mounting bracket.
  • the locking tongue is buckled into the locking hole, thereby fixing the battery pack.
  • the locking mechanism disclosed in this patent document only provides support for the vertical direction of the battery pack, and does not achieve complete locking of the battery pack, so the locking reliability of the battery pack cannot be guaranteed.
  • the solution disclosed in this patent document does not disclose how to disassemble the battery pack.
  • the Chinese invention patent application with the application number of 200910142368.0 discloses a quick-change quick-change system and a quick-change quick-change method for an electric vehicle battery.
  • the quick-change quick-change system includes a battery pack, a mounting board, and a battery pack protection frame disposed on the vehicle body.
  • a lifting ring is arranged on the mounting plate, and the protective frame is correspondingly provided with a lock body.
  • Lock set on the lock body when the battery is installed A hook passes through the eyebolt to form a connection with the battery and lock.
  • the system disclosed in this patent document has the drawbacks of complicated structure, high cost, and poor reliability, and it is necessary to always provide additional energy to maintain the locking mechanism operation.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above drawbacks of the prior art. That is, the present invention provides a battery pack fixing structure and a battery pack replacing device.
  • a battery pack fixing structure includes: a base body, a driving unit, a link transmission unit, and a locking unit; wherein the base body is fixed to an electric vehicle body and used to support the driving unit And a driving unit for providing a driving force; the connecting rod driving unit is configured to unlock the locking unit under the action of the driving force, and the driving force disappears a case of locking the locking unit; and the locking unit for locking the battery pack in a locked state and releasing the battery pack in an unlocked state.
  • the driving unit includes an electromagnet press block and a frame body supporting the electromagnet press block on the base body; in the case where an electric signal is applied, the driving force provided by the driving unit is electromagnetic attraction .
  • the frame body comprises: a support structure and a guiding structure fixed to the support structure at one end and movably connected to the base body at the other end.
  • a limiting structure is formed on the frame for limiting the moving range of the driving unit.
  • the driving unit further includes an elastic reset element disposed between the frame and the base.
  • the link transmission unit includes a first link portion, a second link portion, and a third link portion; the first link portion moves downward under the driving force, and the driving force disappears Moving upward; the second link portion is connected at one end to the first link portion, the other end is connected to the third link portion, and is rotatably fixed to the base between the one end and the other end Upper, thereby transferring the movement of the first link portion to the third link portion; and the third link portion is moved upward or downward corresponding to the first link portion, such that the locking unit is unlocked or locked.
  • a universal ball head is formed on the first link portion and the third link portion, and the universal ball head cooperates with the joint hole on the second link portion.
  • a second shaft portion is provided with a shaft hole between the one end and the other end, and a connecting rod shaft fixed on the base body is sleeved in the shaft hole, so that the second connecting rod portion can surround the connecting rod The shaft rotates to transfer the movement of the first link portion to the third link portion.
  • the first link portion includes a force receiving unit that receives a driving force, and moves downward by the driving force.
  • first link portion further includes an elastic returning member that returns the force receiving unit to the original position, one end of which is fixed on the base body, and the other end is fixed on the force receiving unit, so that after the driving force disappears, A link portion returns to the initial position.
  • the third link portion includes a locking structure for locking or unlocking the locking unit.
  • the locking structure is wedge-shaped in a moving direction along the third link portion.
  • the third link portion further includes an elastic returning member for returning the third link portion to the original position.
  • the locking unit comprises a hook body and a locked structure; the hook body rotates around the rotating shaft to lock the battery pack or release the battery pack; and the locked structure is operated by the link transmission unit to make the hook body Lock the battery pack or release the battery pack.
  • the locking unit comprises a hook body and a locked structure; the hook body rotates around the rotating shaft to lock the battery pack or release the battery pack; and the locked structure cooperates with the locking structure to lock the hook body Battery pack or release battery pack.
  • the locking unit further includes an elastic returning element such that the hook body remains closed.
  • a battery pack changing device comprising: the battery pack fixing structure according to any of the above; and a control unit for applying an electric signal to the driving unit such that the driving unit provides the driving force.
  • the driving unit supplies power after being energized, drives the link transmission unit to operate, so that the locking unit is unlocked; and after the link transmission unit is reset, the locking unit is locked.
  • the battery pack fixing structure and the battery pack replacing device of the present invention have a simple structure, low cost, and simple maintenance; since the control is performed by using an external electrical signal, locking of the locking unit is realized after the power is turned off, thereby achieving high Reliable battery pack locking performance and multiple repeatable locking and unlocking functions.
  • the replacement of the battery pack is convenient, fast and efficient.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery pack fixing structure in an unlocked state according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the structure of a base of a battery pack fixing structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of a driving unit of a battery pack fixing structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a link unit of a battery pack fixing structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a locking unit of a battery pack fixing structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the battery pack securing structure in an unlocked state in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery pack fixing structure in a locked state according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of the battery pack securing structure in a locked state in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the structure of a battery pack changing device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery pack fixing structure and the battery pack replacing device of the present invention after the driving unit is energized, power is supplied to drive the link transmission unit to operate, so that the locking unit is unlocked; and after the link transmission unit is reset, the locking unit is locked. In this way, the unlocking and locking of the battery pack of the electric vehicle and the quick change of the battery pack are realized. Therefore, the battery pack fixing structure and the battery pack replacing device of the present invention have a simple structure, low cost, and simple maintenance; since the control is performed by using an external electrical signal, locking of the locking unit is realized after the power is turned off, thereby achieving high Reliable battery pack locking performance and multiple repeatable locking and unlocking functions. At the same time, due to the simple operation, the replacement of the battery pack is convenient, fast and efficient.
  • the battery pack fixing structure includes a base 1, a driving unit 5, a link transmission unit 2, and a locking unit 4.
  • the base body 1 is fixed to, for example, a chassis of an electric vehicle, for example, by bolts or the like, for supporting the components such as the drive unit 5, the link transmission unit 2, and the locking unit 4.
  • the drive unit 5 provides a driving force when an electric signal is applied.
  • the link transmission unit 2 causes the locking unit 4 to be unlocked by the driving force.
  • the locking unit 4 locks the battery pack in a locked state and releases the battery pack in an unlocked state.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the structure of the substrate 1 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base body 1 preferably includes an upper fixing bracket 11 for fixing with an electric vehicle body by, for example, bolt fastening; and a lower fixing frame 12 for carrying the driving unit 5 and the connecting rod transmission.
  • the base 1 is also not limited to the structure shown in Fig. 2, as long as the corresponding fixing and supporting functions can be achieved.
  • the base 1 is made of, for example, a metal material as long as it can provide sufficient strength to support the battery pack and secure the battery pack.
  • the drive unit 5 can provide the driving force when an electrical signal is applied.
  • the drive unit 5 includes an electromagnet press block 50 and a frame that supports the electromagnet press block on the base 1.
  • the drive unit 5 is capable of attracting the movement of the link transmission unit 2 when an electrical signal is applied.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a driving unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the frame body includes a support structure 54, and a pair of guiding structures 51 fixed at one end to the support structure 54 and movably connected to the lower fixing frame of the base body 1 at the other end.
  • the support structure 54 is a support plate and the guide structure 51 is a guide post.
  • the support plate is for supporting the electromagnet press block 50 and moves together with the electromagnet press block 50 in a direction guided by the guide post 51.
  • the guide post 51 guides The electromagnet press block moves up and down.
  • the support structure is obviously not limited to the plate-shaped support plate 54 as long as the movement of the driving device can be realized, for example, it can be in the form of a frame.
  • the guide structure is not limited to the columnar guide post 51, and may be other structures that can be guided, such as a rail, or a strip structure. However, the number can also be set as needed.
  • the driving unit 5 also preferably includes a limiting structure 52 formed on the outer frame. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, it is a notch 52 disposed on the left and right sides of the outer frame, and the notch 52 is moved up to the predetermined position in the driving device. The position abuts against the lower fixing frame of the base body 1 such that the upward movement of the electromagnet press block is restricted.
  • the limiting structure is obviously not limited to the above-mentioned notch, and may also be in the form of a protruding limiting block or the like.
  • the driving unit 5 preferably further includes a reset elastic unit. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the reset elastic unit is A return spring 53 is disposed on the guide post 51.
  • the return spring 53 may not be limited to being sleeved on the guide post 51, and is not limited to the form of a coil spring as long as the reset function can be realized.
  • the drive unit 5 can also automatically reset by means of its own gravity, in the event of an interruption of the electrical signal.
  • the driving unit 5 of the present invention is obviously not limited to providing a driving force by using the above-described electromagnet press block.
  • it may also be a cam structure or the like that rotates after being energized, as long as the movement of the link transmission portion can be realized and locking is achieved.
  • the unit can be locked or unlocked.
  • the link transmission unit 2 is used to unlock the locking unit 4 under the driving force provided by the driving unit 4, and realizes the locking of the locking unit 4 in the case where the driving force disappears.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the structure of a connecting rod transmission unit 2 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the link transmission unit 2 includes a first link portion 21, a second link portion 22, and a third link portion 23.
  • the first link portion 21 is moved downward by the driving force and moves upward with the driving force disappearing.
  • the second link portion 22 has one end connected to the first link portion 21 and the other end connected to the third link portion 23, and is rotatably fixed to the base 1 at a position between the one end and the other end. Upper, thereby transmitting the movement of the first link portion 21 to the third link portion 23.
  • the third link portion 23 is moved upward or downward corresponding to the first link portion 21 to effect unlocking and locking of the locking unit 4.
  • the first link portion 21 and the third link portion 23 are preferably connected to the second link 22 by the universal ball heads 24, 25 so that the first link portion 21 and the third link portion 23 can be opposed to The second link portion rotates universally.
  • the second link portion 22 is provided with joint holes 221 and 222 that cooperate with the ball ends 24, 25, respectively.
  • the second link portion is provided with a shaft hole 223 between the joint holes 221, 222, and a shaft 26 (shown in FIG. 1) fixed on the base body 1 is sleeved in the shaft hole 223, so that the second link portion 22 can Rotation of the shaft 26 fixed to the base body 1 transmits the movement of the first link portion 21 to the third link portion 23.
  • the first link portion 21 further includes a force receiving unit 211 that receives a driving force.
  • the force receiving unit is, for example, a plate-shaped putter head, which can be pressed in the electromagnet block. After the electrical signal is applied, it is attracted by the electromagnet compact and moves downward toward the electromagnet compact.
  • the first link portion 21 further includes an elastic returning member 27 (shown in FIG. 1) such that the force receiving unit returns to the original position, such as a return spring, one end of which is fixed to the lower support frame of the base body 1, and One end is fixed to the force receiving unit 211 so that the first link portion 21 can be returned to the initial position after the driving force disappears.
  • the third link portion 23 includes a locking structure 231 for locking or unlocking the locking unit 4.
  • the locking structure 231 is, for example, a locking block that can be embedded in the recess 41 formed in the locking unit 4, thereby limiting the hook body of the locking unit 4. 41 rotates about the axis of rotation 43, thus making the lock single The meta is locked.
  • the locking structure 231 is removed from the recess 41, the hook body 41 of the locking unit 4 can be rotated about the rotation shaft 43, that is, the locking unit 4 is in an unlocked state.
  • the locking block may have a slope design, such as a trapezoidal shape, such that the engagement with the recess can achieve a locking effect to ensure locking reliability.
  • the locking block 231 is away from the locking unit 4
  • the length of the side of the direction is larger than the length of the side facing the direction of the locking unit 4, that is, the locking structure is formed in a wedge shape in the moving direction along the third link portion.
  • a resilient return member 28 such as a return spring, for returning the third link portion to its original position, as shown in FIG.
  • the second link portion 22 transmits the movement of the first link portion 21 to the third link portion 23 by means of rotation about the rotation shaft 26. This will be described in detail below.
  • first link portion 21, the second link portion 22, and the third link portion 22 is not limited as long as the driving force of the drive unit can be transmitted to the locking unit. can.
  • the elastic returning elements provided on the first link portion 21 and the third link portion 23 are not limited to the above-described forms, and may be other elastic members. Further, the recovery of the position of each link portion can also be achieved by providing a second link portion 22, such as a torsion spring or the like provided on the rotating shaft 26 of the second link portion.
  • the elastic resetting element may not be provided, but the gravity balance principle of the first link portion 21, the second link portion 22, and the third link portion 23 itself may be utilized, so that after the electrical signal disappears, the connection The rod drive unit 2 can automatically return to the initial position.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a locking unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the locking unit 4 preferably includes a pair of hooks 41.
  • a locking structure corresponding to the battery pack is provided, such as a ring shape or a rod shape. Or hook structures or the like are locked to each other.
  • at least one hook body is rotatable about the rotation axis 43 so that the at least one hook body can rotate about the rotation axis when the unlocked state is opened, so that a pair of hook bodies in the closed state are opened, thereby releasing the battery pack.
  • the locking unit 4 further includes a latched structure 42, such as the recess 42 described above, that is engageable with the latching structure 231 to limit rotation of the at least one hook body to ensure that the locking unit 4 is in a locked state. Further, the locking unit 4 further comprises an elastic return element 44, such as a return spring, for holding the hook body in a closed state. However, the return spring can also be omitted, and is closed by the gravity of the hook body itself.
  • the hook body 41 of the locking unit 4 is not limited to the above form as long as it can form a structure that can cooperate with the locking structure on the battery pack, for example, the locking unit 4 can include a ring having an opening. The other is a sheet-like structure or the like that closes the opening.
  • the locking structure 231 and the recess 42 are not limited to this manner, as long as the locking or unlocking of the locking unit can be achieved.
  • a resilient dial can be disposed at the position. The third link structure moves downward and causes the dial block to be caught at the upper end position of the two hook bodies. Thereby the rotation of the two hooks is restricted such that the hooks are in a closed state.
  • the battery pack fixing structure further comprises a positioning structure 6, such as a positioning hole, for cooperating with a positioned structure (not shown) on the battery pack, such as a positioning pin.
  • a positioning structure 6 such as a positioning hole
  • the battery pack is guided during the lifting of the battery pack by the lifter, so that the locking structure on the battery pack can enter the hook body 41 of the locking unit 4 more smoothly.
  • an electric signal output from a control unit (not shown) is supplied to the electromagnet block 50 of the drive unit 5 by means of the electric wire 3.
  • the support plate 54 of the drive unit 5 supports the electromagnet press block 50 to move upward together.
  • the plate-shaped pusher head 211 on the first link portion 21 is moved downward by the attraction of the electromagnet until the pusher head 211 is attracted to the electromagnet block 50.
  • the return spring 27 is pulled, and the return spring 53 is pressed.
  • the electromagnet press block 50 is moved to the upper limit position, the notch 52 abuts against the lower fixed frame of the base 1, thereby restricting the electromagnet block 50 from continuing upward.
  • the downward movement of the plate-like pusher head 211 causes the universal ball head 24 of the first link portion 21 to rotate in the joint hole on the second link portion 22 while driving the second link portion 22 to be fixed around
  • the shaft 26 on the base body 1 is rotationally inclined to cause upward movement of the third link portion 23 which is coupled to the second link portion with the universal ball head 25.
  • the locking structure 231 is moved upward, disengaged from the recess 42, so that the locking unit 4 is in an unlocked state, that is, the hook body 41 can be rotated about the shaft 43.
  • the return spring 28 is pressed.
  • the battery pack is moved downward or moved up into the hook body 41 by its own gravity or lift. Thereafter, the hook body 41 is preferably returned to the initial state, that is, the closed state, under the pulling force of the hook resetting arch 44.
  • FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of the battery pack securing structure in an unlocked state in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control unit when the control unit outputs an electric signal, the electromagnet press block 51 moves upward, and the plate-shaped push head 211 moves downward, the second link portion rotates around the shaft 26 to drive the third link portion 23 Move up.
  • the locking structure 231 is removed from the recess 42, so that the hook 41 is in a rotatable state about the shaft 43, and the locking unit 4 is in an unlocked state.
  • the battery pack In the unlocked state, the battery pack is moved downward or moved up into the hook body 41 by its own gravity or lift, wherein the broken line indicates the state in which the hook body 41 is opened.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are perspective views of a three-dimensional structure in which a battery pack fixing structure is in a locked state in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
  • the battery pack is guided by a lift (not shown), and the positioned structure on the battery pack is guided by the positioning structure 6 of the battery pack fixing structure. Move down toward the battery pack fixing structure.
  • the positioning needle moves upward along the positioning hole, and causes the locking structure on the battery pack to enter the hook body of the locking unit 4, that is, the battery pack is in a fixed state.
  • the control unit cuts off an electrical signal applied to the electromagnet compact 50 through the electric wire 3.
  • the respective link portions return to the initial position, and the locking structure 231 is fitted into the recess 42 of the locking unit 4 to restrict the rotation of the hook body of the locking unit 4 about the shaft 43, so that the locking unit 4 is locked.
  • the return spring 28 preferably presses the locking structure 231 to ensure a fixed reliability.
  • the present invention also provides a battery pack changing device capable of realizing quick change of a battery pack of an electric vehicle, comprising a control unit C and the above-described battery pack fixing structure F.
  • the operation of replacing the battery pack with the battery pack replacing device is fully described below.
  • the battery indicator unit prompts that the battery pack needs to be replaced.
  • the control unit C sends a signal to the drive unit 5 through the electric wire 3 to drive the electromagnet press block to generate magnetic attraction.
  • the first link portion 21 is moved downward by the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet block, the second link portion 22 is rotated, and the third link portion 23 is further moved upward, and the locking structure 231 is The recess 42 of the locking unit 4 is removed, the hook 41 can be rotated about the shaft 43, that is, the locking unit 4 is unlocked, the battery pack is detached from the locking unit 4, and transported to the charging maintenance station for charging with the lift.
  • the fully charged battery pack moves toward the battery pack fixing structure under the lifting action of the lifter, wherein the positioning needle moves up along the positioning hole 6, and the corresponding locking structure on the battery pack overcomes the return spring 44. Pulling into the fixed position. And preferably, the hook body 41 is returned to the initial state, that is, the closed state, by the return spring 44. At this time, the control unit C cuts off the electrical signal so that the electromagnet compact loses the magnetic attraction.
  • the respective link portions of the link transmission unit 2 return to the original position, and the locking structure 231 is fitted into the recess 42 to restrict the rotation of the hook body 41 about the shaft 43, that is, the locking unit 4 is in the locked state.
  • the return spring 53 pushes the electromagnet press block 50 and the support plate 54 down to compress the battery pack to prevent it from swaying.
  • the battery pack fixing structure and the battery pack changing device of the present invention have been described above. According to the aspect of the invention, after the driving unit 5 is energized, a driving force is supplied to drive the link transmission unit 2 to operate, so that the locking unit 4 is unlocked; and after the link transmission unit 2 is reset, the locking unit 4 is locked. In this way, the unlocking and locking of the battery pack of the electric vehicle and the quick change of the battery pack are realized.
  • the battery pack fixing structure and the battery pack replacing system of the invention have the advantages of simple structure, low cost and simple maintenance; since the control is performed by using an external electrical signal, the locking unit is locked after the power is cut off, thereby achieving high reliability.
  • the battery pack has a locking function and can achieve multiple repeated locking and unlocking functions. Same When the operation is simple, the replacement of the battery pack is convenient, fast, and efficient.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置。所述电池包固定结构包括：基体、驱动单元、连杆传动单元以及锁定单元；其中，所述基体固定到电动汽车车体，并用于支撑所述驱动单元、连杆传动单元以及锁定单元；所述驱动单元，用于提供驱动力；所述连杆传动单元，用于在所述驱动力的作用下，使得所述锁定单元解锁，并在驱动力消失的情况下，使得所述锁定单元锁定；以及所述锁定单元，用于在锁定状态下锁定所述电池包，并在解锁状态下释放所述电池包。本发明的所述电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置结构简单、成本低且维护简单；并能实现高可靠性的电池包锁紧性能，同时，由于操作简单，从而使得电池包的更换方便、快捷、效率高。

Description

电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车领域，尤其涉及一种电动汽车的电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展、人类节能环保意识的提高，电动汽车作为新能源汽车越来越成为未来汽车发展的方向。其中，电动汽车的储能系统，例如电池是电动汽车的关键部件。而目前的电动汽车的电池的充电时间通常都比较长，续驶的里程相对比较短，这成为制约电动汽车普及的主要因素。在现有电池技术难以取得较大突破的前提下，更换电池包成为解决上述问题的主要途径。即，当电动汽车的电池表明其电量不足时，可以在换电站直接更换一个充满电的电池包，从而延长续驶里程。这样，就对电池包更换效率提出了新的要求。众所周知，电动汽车的电池包体积大，重量大，如果安装方式过于复杂，则将造成换电站换电效率低下，可靠性低。例如，传统的利用多个螺栓固定电池包的方式，即存在耗时长、可更换次数有限以及操作复杂等问题，因此，亟需开发新型的可靠性高、方便、快捷的电池包更换装置。
申请号为201310051930.5的中国发明专利申请，公开了一种底盘式动力电池快换锁紧机构，该机构包括电池包以及固定安装于电动汽车底盘上的锁紧安装支架。电池包上设置锁扣，锁紧安装支架上设置与该锁扣相适配的锁舌。安装电池包时，所述锁舌扣入扣锁孔，从而实现电池包的固定。然而，该专利文献公开的所述锁紧机构仅仅提供了对电池包的在垂直方向的支撑，并未实现对所述电池包的完全锁紧，因此电池包的锁紧可靠性无法得到保障。另外，该专利文献公开的方案并未披露如何实现电池包的拆卸。
申请号为200910142368.0的中国发明专利申请，公开了一种电动汽车电池的快装快换系统及快装快换方法。所述快装快换系统包括电池包、安装板以及设置在车体上的电池包保护框。安装板上设置吊环，保护框相应地设置锁体。安装电池时，设置在锁体上的锁 钩穿过所述吊环，与电池形成了连接并锁定。然而，该专利文献所公开的系统存在结构复杂、成本高以及可靠性差的缺陷，而且需要一直提供额外的能量维持锁紧机构运作。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的以上缺陷而提出。即本发明提供一种电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种电池包固定结构，包括：基体、驱动单元、连杆传动单元以及锁定单元；其中，所述基体固定到电动汽车车体，并用于支撑所述驱动单元、连杆传动单元以及锁定单元；所述驱动单元，用于提供驱动力；所述连杆传动单元，用于在所述驱动力的作用下，使得所述锁定单元解锁，并在驱动力消失的情况下，使得所述锁定单元锁定；以及所述锁定单元，用于在锁定状态下锁定所述电池包，并在解锁状态下释放所述电池包。
进一步的，所述驱动单元包括电磁铁压块和将该电磁铁压块支承在所述基体上的框体；在被施加电信号的情况下，该驱动单元提供的所述驱动力为电磁吸力。
进一步的，所述框体包括：支承结构以及一端固定在该支承结构上、另一端活动连接在基体上的导向结构。
进一步的，所述框体上形成限位结构，用于限制驱动单元的移动范围。
进一步的，所述驱动单元还包括设置在框体和基体之间的弹性复位元件。
进一步的，所述连杆传动单元包括第一连杆部分、第二连杆部分和第三连杆部分；第一连杆部分在所述驱动力的作用下向下移动，并在驱动力消失的情况下向上移动；第二连杆部分一端与第一连杆部分连接，另一端与第三连杆部分连接，且位于所述一端与所述另一端之间可转动地固定在所述基体上，从而将第一连杆部分的移动传递到第三连杆部分；以及第三连杆部分与第一连杆部分相应的向上或向下移动，使得锁定单元的解锁或锁定。
进一步的，第一连杆部分及第三连杆部分上形成有万向球头，该万向球头与与第二连杆部分上的关节孔配合。
进一步的，第二连杆部分在所述一端与所述另一端之间设置轴孔，固定在基体上的连杆轴套设在该轴孔中，从而第二连杆部分能够绕该连杆轴旋转，以将第一连杆部分的移动传递到第三连杆部分。
进一步的，所述第一连杆部分包括接受驱动力的受力单元，在所述驱动力的作用下向下移动。
进一步的，第一连杆部分还包括使得该受力单元回复到原始位置的弹性复位元件，其一端固定在基体上，另一端固定在所述受力单元上，使得在驱动力消失后，第一连杆部分回复到初始位置。
进一步的，第三连杆部分包括卡止结构，用于使锁定单元锁定或解锁。
进一步的，所述卡止结构在沿第三连杆部分的运动方向上为楔形。
进一步的，第三连杆部分还包括弹性复位元件，用于使得第三连杆部分回复到原始位置。
进一步的，所述锁定单元包括钩体及被卡止结构；钩体绕旋转轴转动，以锁定电池包或释放电池包；以及被卡止结构被所述连杆传动单元操作，以使钩体锁定电池包或释放电池包。
进一步的，所述锁定单元包括钩体及被卡止结构；钩体绕旋转轴转动，以锁定电池包或释放电池包；以及被卡止结构与所述卡止结构配合，以使钩体锁定电池包或释放电池包。
进一步的，所述锁定单元还包括弹性复位元件，使得钩体保持闭合状态。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种电池包更换装置，包括：如上述任一所述的电池包固定结构；以及控制单元，用于向驱动单元施加电信号，使得驱动单元提供所述驱动力。
根据本发明的电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置，由驱动单元在被通电后提供动力，驱动连杆传动单元动作，使得锁定单元解锁；并在连杆传动单元复位后，使得锁定单元锁定。如此实现对电动汽车的电池包的解锁和锁定，以及对电池包的快换快装。从而，使得本发明的所述电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置的结构简单、成本低且维护简单；由于利用外接电信号进行控制，在断电后实现锁定单元的锁定，因此，能实现高可靠性的电池包锁紧性能，并能实现多次重复的锁紧及解锁功能。同时，由于操作简单，从而使得电池包的更换方便、快捷、效率高。
以下结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细的描述，本发明的有益效果将进一步明确。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1示出了根据本发明一优选实施例的电池包固定结构在解锁状态下的立体结构示意图。
图2为根据本发明一优选实施例的电池包固定结构的基体的立体结构示意图。
图3为根据本发明一优选实施例的电池包固定结构的驱动单元的结构示意图。
图4为根据本发明一优选实施例的电池包固定结构的连杆单元的结构示意图。
图5为根据本发明一优选实施例的电池包固定结构的锁定单元的结构示意图。
图6示出了根据本发明一优选实施的电池包固定结构在解锁状态下的正视图。
图7示出了根据本发明一优选实施的电池包固定结构在锁定状态下的立体结构示意图。
图8示出了根据本发明一优选实施的电池包固定结构在锁定状态下的正视图。
图9示出了根据本发明一优选实施例的电池包更换装置的结构框图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明具体实施例及相应的附图对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
根据本发明的电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置，驱动单元被通电后，提供动力，驱动连杆传动单元动作，使得锁定单元解锁；并在连杆传动单元复位后，使得锁定单元锁定。如此实现对电动汽车的电池包的解锁和锁定，以及对电池包的快换快装。从而，使得本发明的所述电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置的结构简单、成本低且维护简单；由于利用外接电信号进行控制，在断电后实现锁定单元的锁定，因此，能实现高可靠性的电池包锁紧性能，并能实现多次重复的锁紧及解锁功能。同时，由于操作简单，从而使得电池包的更换方便、快捷、效率高。
以下将结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
图1示出了根据本发明一优选实施例的电池包固定结构在解锁状态下的立体结构示意图。该电池包(未示出)固定结构设置在电动汽车的固定电池包的适当位置，例如电动 汽车的底盘，并且根据需要可以设置多个，以在多个位置实现对电池包的可靠固定。如图1所示，所述电池包固定结构包括：基体1、驱动单元5、连杆传动单元2以及锁定单元4。基体1例如以螺栓等连接方式固定在电动汽车的例如底盘上，用于支撑所述驱动单元5、连杆传动单元2以及锁定单元4等各部件。驱动单元5在被施以电信号的情况下，提供驱动力。连杆传动单元2在所述驱动力的作用下，使得所述锁定单元4解锁。所述锁定单元4在锁定状态下锁定所述电池包，并在解锁状态下释放所述电池包。
以下对各部件逐一进行说明。
图2示出了根据本发明一优选实施例的所述基体1的结构示意图。如图2所示，所述基体1优选包括上部固定支架11，用于以例如螺栓紧固方式实现与电动汽车车体的固定；以及下部固定框架12，用于承载驱动单元5、连杆传动机构2以及锁定单元4等部件。该基体1也不限于图2所示的结构，其只要能实现相应的固定及支承功能即可。所述基体1例如利用金属材料制成，只要能够提供足够的强度，以实现对电池包的支撑和固定电池包即可。
所述驱动单元5在施以电信号的情况下，能够提供所述驱动力。在本发明的一个实施例中，该驱动单元5包括电磁铁压块50和将该电磁铁压块支承在基体1上的框体。该驱动单元5在施以电信号时能够吸引连杆传动单元2运动。图3示出了根据本发明一优选实施方式的驱动单元的结构示意图。如图3所示，所述框体包括支承结构54、以及一端固定在该支承结构54上、另一端活动连接在基体1的下部固定框架上的一对导向结构51。在本发明的一优选实施例中，该支承结构54为支承板，导向结构51为导向柱。该支承板用于支承所述电磁铁压块50，并与电磁铁压块50一起沿着所述导向柱51所引导的方向移动，在图1所示的结构中，所述导向柱51引导所述电磁铁压块上下移动。需要指出的是，所述支撑结构显然不限于板状的所述支撑板54，只要能实现带动驱动装置的移动即可，例如其可以为框架的形式。并且，导向结构也不限于所述柱状的导向柱51，其可以为其他能实现导向的结构，例如轨道、或条状结构等，同时，本实施例中，所述导向柱51为两个，然而其数量也可以根据需要进行设置。
所述驱动单元5还优选包括形成在外框上的限位结构52，如图1所示的实施例中，其为设置在外框左右两侧的缺口52，该缺口52在驱动装置向上移动到预定位置时抵接于所述基体1的下部固定框架，使得限制所述电磁铁压块的向上移动。该限位结构显然不限于上述缺口，也可以为突出的限位块等形式。另外，为实现驱动单元的快速复位，驱动单元5还优选包括复位弹性单元，在本发明如图1、3所示的实施例中，该复位弹性单元为 套设在所述导向柱51上的复位弹簧53。然而，该复位弹簧53也可以不限于套设在导向柱51上，且不限于螺旋弹簧的形式，只要能实现复位功能即可。此外，驱动单元5也可以依靠自身的重力，在断掉电信号的情况下，自动复位。
以上以电磁铁压块作为驱动单元为例进行了说明。然而，本发明的该驱动单元5显然不限于利用上述电磁铁压块提供驱动力，例如，其还可以为一通电后旋转的凸轮结构等，只要能实现连杆传动部分的移动，并实现锁定单元锁定或解锁即可。
所述连杆传动单元2用于在驱动单元4所提供的驱动力的作用下，实现锁定单元4的解锁，并在驱动力消失的情况下，实现锁定单元4的锁定。图4示出了根据本发明一优选实施例的连杆传动单元2的结构示意图。如图2所示，所述连杆传动单元2包括第一连杆部分21，第二连杆部分22以及第三连杆部分23。所述第一连杆部分21在所述驱动力的驱动下向下移动，并在驱动力消失的情况下向上移动。第二连杆部分22一端与第一连杆部分21连接，另一端与第三连杆部分23连接，且在所述一端与所述另一端之间的位置可转动地固定在所述基体1上，从而将第一连杆部分21的移动传递到第三连杆部分23。第三连杆部分23与第一连杆部分21相应的向上或向下移动，以实现锁定单元4的解锁和锁定。
所述第一连杆部分21和第三连杆部分23优选利用万向球头24、25与第二连杆22形成连接，从而第一连杆部分21和第三连杆部分23能够相对于第二连杆部分万向旋转。第二连杆部分22上相应设置与球头24、25配合的关节孔221及222。第二连杆部分在两关节孔221、222之间设置轴孔223，基体1上固定的轴26(如图1所示)套设在该轴孔223中，从而第二连杆部分22能够绕固定在基体1上的轴26旋转，实现将第一连杆部分21的移动传递到第三连杆部分23。
所述第一连杆部分21进一步包括接受驱动力的受力单元211，在本发明图1所示的实施例中，该受力单元例如为板状推杆头，能够在电磁铁压块被施加电信号后，受到该电磁铁压块的吸引而向下朝着该电磁铁压块移动。并且进一步的，第一连杆部分21还包括使得该受力单元回复到原始位置的弹性复位元件27(如图1所示)，例如复位弹簧，一端固定在基体1的下部支撑框架上，另一端固定在所述受力单元211上，使得在驱动力消失后，第一连杆部分21能够回复到初始位置。
第三连杆部分23包括卡止结构231，用于使锁定单元4锁定或解锁。具体地，在本发明如图1所示的实施例中，该卡止结构231例如为一卡止块，其能够嵌入到锁定单元4上形成的凹部41中，从而限制锁定单元4的钩体41绕旋转轴43转动，如此使得锁定单 元处于锁定状态。而当所述卡止结构231从所述凹部41移除，则锁定单元4的钩体41可以绕旋转轴43转动，即锁定单元4处于解锁状态。进一步优选地，卡止块可以具有坡度设计，例如为梯形形状，使得与所述凹部的配合可以达到锁死的效果，以确保锁定可靠性，具体的，卡止块231在远离锁定单元4的方向的边的长度大于面对锁定单元4的方向的边的长度，即所述卡止结构在沿第三连杆部分的运动方向上形成为楔形。下文将对其具体解锁及锁定的状态进行描述。第三连杆部分23上还设置一弹性复位元件28，如图1所示，例如为一复位弹簧，用于使得第三连杆部分回复到原始位置。第二连杆部分22利用以绕旋转轴26转动的方式，将第一连杆部分21的移动传递到第三连杆部分23。下文将具体描述。
需要说明的是，以上对第一连杆部分21、第二连杆部分22以及第三连杆部分22的结构的描述并非限制性的，只要能实现将驱动单元的驱动力传递到锁定单元即可。所述第一连杆部分21、第三连杆部分23上设置的弹性复位元件也可以不限于上述形式，也可以为其他弹性元件。进一步地，各连杆部分位置的回复也可以通过在第二连杆部分22上设置，例如设置在第二连杆部分的旋转轴26上的扭簧等来实现。并且进一步地，甚至可以不设置弹性复位元件，而是利用第一连杆部分21、第二连杆部分22以及第三连杆部分23自身的重力平衡原理，使得在电信号消失后，该连杆传动单元2能自动回复到初始位置。
图5为根据本发明一优选实施例的锁定单元的结构示意图。如图5所示，所述锁定单元4优选包括一对钩体41，在锁定单元4处于锁定状态时，该对钩体闭合，与电池包上相应设置的锁定结构，例如环状、杆状或钩状结构等相互锁定。其中，至少一个钩体能够绕旋转轴43旋转，以便在解锁状态时，该至少一个钩体能绕该旋转轴旋转，使得处于闭合状态的一对钩体打开，从而释放电池包。该锁定单元4还包括一被卡止结构42，例如为上述凹部42，能够与所述卡止结构231配合，限制所述至少一个钩体的旋转，从而确保锁定单元4处于锁定状态。进一步地，所述锁定单元4还包括弹性复位元件44，例如为一复位弹簧，用于使得所述钩体保持在闭合状态。然而，该复位弹簧也可省略，利用钩体自身的重力而处于闭合状态。
此外，需要指出的是，所述锁定单元4的钩体41并不限于上述形式，只要可以形成能够与电池包上的锁定结构配合的结构即可，例如锁定单元4可以包括一个有开口的环形，另一个为封闭该开口的片状结构等。同时，所述卡止结构231与凹部42的配合也不限于此种方式，只要能实现对所述锁定单元的锁定或解锁即可，例如，也可代替凹部在该位置设置一弹性拨止块，第三连杆结构向下移动并使得该拨止块卡在两钩体的上端位置， 从而限制两钩体的旋转，使得钩体处于闭合状态。
进一步优选地，如图1所示，所述电池包固定结构还包括定位结构6，例如为一定位孔，用于与电池包上的被定位结构(未示出)，例如为一定位针配合，从而在电池包被举升机举升的过程中引导电池包，以使得电池包上的锁定结构能够更顺利地进入锁定单元4的钩体41中。
以下再次参考图1，说明本发明所述电池包固定结构的解锁操作。此处以图1所示的各部件的具体结构及连接关系进行描述，然而如上文所述，本发明并不限于图1所示的具体元件及其结构。
如图1所示，利用电线3将控制单元(未示出)输出的电信号提供给驱动单元5的电磁铁压块50。在一对导向柱51的引导下，驱动单元5的支撑板54支承电磁铁压块50共同向上移动。同时，第一连杆部分21上的板状推杆头211在电磁铁的吸引力的作用下向下移动直到推杆头211与电磁铁压块50吸合。此时复位弹簧27受拉，而复位弹簧53受压。当电磁铁压块50移动到上限位置时，缺口52与基体1的下部固定框架抵接，从而限制电磁铁压块50继续上移。
板状推杆头211的向下移动,一边使得第一连杆部分21的万向球头24在第二连杆部分22上的关节孔内转动，一边带动第二连杆部分22绕固定在基体1上的轴26旋转倾斜，从而引起与第二连杆部分以万向球头25连接的第三连杆部分23的向上移动。如此，卡止结构231向上移动，从凹部42脱离，使得锁定单元4处于解锁状态，即钩体41可以绕轴43旋转。此时，复位弹簧28受压。
在锁定单元4处于该解锁状态的情况下，电池包在自身重力或举升机作用下下移脱离或上移进入钩体41。之后，优选在钩体复位弹44的拉力作用下使钩体41回复初始状态，即闭合状态。
图6为根据本发明优选实施例的电池包固定结构处于解锁状态的正视图。如图6所示，当控制单元输出电信号，电磁铁压块51向上移动，且板状推竿头211向下移动时，第二连杆部分绕轴26转动，带动第三连杆部分23向上移动。卡止结构231从凹部42中移出，从而钩体41处于绕轴43的可转动状态，锁定单元4处于解锁状态。在该解锁状态下，电池包在自身重力或举升机作用下下移脱离或上移进入钩体41，其中虚线表示了钩体41打开的状态。
接下来，参考图7、8说明所述电池包固定结构的锁定状态。图7为根据本发明的优选实施例中电池包固定结构处于锁定状态的立体结构示意图；图8为根据本发明的优选实 施例的电池包固定结构处于锁定状态的平面结构示意图。如图7、8所示，在上述解锁状态时，设电池包在举升机(未示出)的托举作用下，电池包上的被定位结构在电池包固定结构的定位结构6的引导下朝电池包固定结构移动。具体地，例如所述定位针沿所述定位孔向上移动，并使得电池包上的锁定结构进入锁定单元4的钩体，即使得电池包处于被固定状态。之后，控制单元切断通过电线3向电磁铁压块50施加的电信号。优选在各复位弹簧的作用下，各连杆部分回复到初时位置，卡止结构231嵌入锁定单元4的凹部42，以限制锁定单元4的钩体绕轴43转动，从而使得锁定单元4处于锁定状态，从而将电池包固定。复位弹簧28优选压紧所述卡止结构231，从而确保固定的可靠性。
此外，如图9本发明还提供一种能够实现电动汽车的电池包快换的电池包更换装置，包括控制单元C和上述电池包固定结构F。
以下完整描述利用该电池包更换装置更换电池包的操作。当电动汽车的现用电池包电量消耗到某一预先设定的阈值时，电量指示单元提示需要更换电池包。当举升机达到电动汽车的换电位时，控制单元C通过电线3向驱动单元5发送信号，驱动电磁铁压块产生磁吸力。如上文描述的，第一连杆部分21受到电磁铁压块的磁吸力而向下移动，带动第二连杆部分22转动，并进一步带动第三连杆部分23向上移动，卡止结构231从锁定单元4的凹部42移出，钩体41可以绕轴43转动，即锁定单元4解锁，电池包脱离所述锁定单元4，随举升机运输到充电维护站进行充电。
同时，在该解锁状态下，满电电池包在举升机托举作用下朝电池包固定结构移动，其中所述定位针沿定位孔6上移，电池包上的相应锁定结构克服复位弹簧44的拉力而进入固定位。并且优选地，钩体41在复位弹簧44的作用下复位回到初始状态，即闭合状态。此时，控制单元C切断所述电信号，使得电磁铁压块失去所述磁吸力。优选在各复位弹簧的作用下，连杆传动单元2的各连杆部分回复到原始位置，卡止结构231嵌入凹部42，从而限制钩体41绕轴43旋转，即锁定单元4处于锁定状态，即将电池包固定。优选地，复位弹簧53推动电磁铁压块50及支承板54下移压紧电池包，避免其产生晃动。
以上对本发明的电池包固定结构及电池包更换装置进行了描述。根据本发明的方案，所述驱动单元5被通电后，提供驱动力，驱动连杆传动单元2动作，使得锁定单元4解锁；并在连杆传动单元2复位后，使得锁定单元4锁定。如此实现对电动汽车的电池包的解锁和锁定，以及对电池包的快换快装。本发明的所述电池包固定结构及电池包更换系统的结构简单、成本低且维护简单；由于利用外接电信号进行控制，在断电后实现锁定单元的锁定，因此，能实现高可靠性的电池包锁紧性能，并能实现多次重复的锁紧及解锁功能。同 时，由于操作简单，从而使得电池包的更换方便、快捷、效率高。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池包固定结构，包括：
    基体、驱动单元、连杆传动单元以及锁定单元；其中，
    所述基体固定到电动汽车车体，用于支承所述驱动单元、连杆传动单元以及锁定单元；
    所述驱动单元，用于提供驱动力；
    所述连杆传动单元，用于在所述驱动力的作用下，使得所述锁定单元解锁，并在驱动力消失的情况下，使得所述锁定单元锁定；以及
    所述锁定单元，用于在锁定状态下锁定所述电池包，并在解锁状态下释放所述电池包。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述驱动单元包括电磁铁压块和将该电磁铁压块支承在所述基体上的框体；在被施加电信号的情况下，该驱动单元提供的所述驱动力为电磁吸力。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述框体包括支承结构，以及一端固定在该支承结构上、另一端活动连接在所述基体上的导向结构。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述框体上形成限位结构，用于限制驱动单元的移动范围。
  5. 如权利要求2或3所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述驱动单元还包括设置在所述框体和所述基体之间的弹性复位元件。
  6. 如权利要求1－5任一项所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述连杆传动单元包括第一连杆部分、第二连杆部分和第三连杆部分；
    第一连杆部分在所述驱动力的作用下向下移动，并在驱动力消失的情况下向上移动；
    第二连杆部分一端与第一连杆部分连接，另一端与第三连杆部分连接，且在所述一端与所述另一端之间的位置可转动地固定在所述基体上，从而将第一连杆部分的移动传递到第三连杆部分；第三连杆部分与第一连杆部分相应的向上或向下移动，使得锁定单元解锁或锁定。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    第一连杆部分及第三连杆部分上形成有万向球头，该万向球头与第二连杆部分上所 设的关节孔配合。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    第二连杆部分在所述一端与所述另一端之间设置轴孔，固定在基体上的连杆轴套设在该轴孔中，从而第二连杆部分能够绕该连杆轴旋转，以将第一连杆部分的移动传递到第三连杆部分。
  9. 如权利要求6－8任一项所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述第一连杆部分包括接受驱动力的受力单元，在所述驱动力的作用下向下移动。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    第一连杆部分还包括使得该受力单元回复到原始位置的弹性复位元件，其一端固定在基体上，另一端固定在所述受力单元上，使得在驱动力消失后，第一连杆部分回复到初始位置。
  11. 如权利要求6－10任一项所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    第三连杆部分包括卡止结构，用于使锁定单元锁定或解锁。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述卡止结构在沿第三连杆部分的运动方向上为楔形。
  13. 如权利要求6－12任一项所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    第三连杆部分还包括弹性复位元件，用于使得第三连杆部分回复到原始位置。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述锁定单元包括钩体以及被卡止结构；
    钩体绕旋转轴转动，以锁定电池包或释放电池包；以及
    被卡止结构被所述连杆传动单元操作，以使钩体锁定电池包或释放电池包。
  15. 如权利要求11或12所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述锁定单元包括钩体及被卡止结构；
    钩体绕旋转轴转动，以锁定电池包或释放电池包；以及
    被卡止结构与所述卡止结构配合，以使钩体锁定电池包或释放电池包。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的电池包固定结构，其中，
    所述锁定单元还包括弹性复位元件，使得所述钩体保持闭合状态。
  17. 如权利要求1-16任一项所述的电池包固定结构，还包括：
    定位结构，用于与电池包上的被定位结构配合，从而引导电池包的移动。
  18. 一种电池包更换装置，包括：
    如权利要求1－17任一项所述的电池包固定结构；以及
    控制单元，用于向驱动单元施加电信号，使得驱动单元提供所述驱动力。
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