WO2017183410A1 - Method of detecting abnormal sound in steering system, and steering system evaluating device - Google Patents

Method of detecting abnormal sound in steering system, and steering system evaluating device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017183410A1
WO2017183410A1 PCT/JP2017/013227 JP2017013227W WO2017183410A1 WO 2017183410 A1 WO2017183410 A1 WO 2017183410A1 JP 2017013227 W JP2017013227 W JP 2017013227W WO 2017183410 A1 WO2017183410 A1 WO 2017183410A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steering system
sound
column shaft
microphone
steering
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2017/013227
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佐藤　佳宏朗
武藤　泰之
将幸 金津
Original Assignee
日本精工株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by 日本精工株式会社 filed Critical 日本精工株式会社
Priority to JP2017538742A priority Critical patent/JP6225368B1/en
Priority to US15/573,735 priority patent/US10634647B2/en
Priority to CN201780012028.9A priority patent/CN108700454A/en
Priority to EP17785752.1A priority patent/EP3447460A4/en
Priority to KR1020187021399A priority patent/KR20180134840A/en
Priority to BR112018015685-0A priority patent/BR112018015685A2/en
Publication of WO2017183410A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017183410A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/06—Steering behaviour; Rolling behaviour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/42—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by frequency filtering or by tuning to resonant frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/46—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0457—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
    • B62D5/0481—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/014—Resonance or resonant frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/101—Number of transducers one transducer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting abnormal noise of a steering system and a steering system evaluation apparatus.
  • the final inspection for abnormal noise caused by the steering system is performed by a test driver inspecting and evaluating the abnormal noise caused by the steering system by distinguishing it from other noises in a vehicle running test.
  • tire road noise and engine noise are dominant in the vehicle cabin noise, and the S / N ratio of abnormal noise caused by the steering system is small. Often difficult.
  • a microphone or an acceleration is attached to the lower portion of the electric power steering device by repeatedly inputting vibrations to the gear meshing portion and causing the abnormal noise caused by the rotation of the gear meshing portion. It is known to detect with a sensor (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting an abnormal sound of a steering system and an evaluation device for the steering system that can accurately detect an abnormal noise generated from the steering system by increasing the S / N ratio.
  • the present invention has the following configuration.
  • a method for detecting abnormal noise of a steering system comprising: a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel; and detecting abnormal noise from a steering system that steers wheels according to rotation of the column shaft, Using a microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side, the sound from the column shaft end is measured,
  • An abnormal sound detection method for a steering system wherein an abnormal sound detection signal caused by the steering system is generated from a sound signal output from the microphone.
  • An evaluation device for a steering system that includes a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel, and detects abnormal noise from a steering system that steers a wheel according to the rotation of the column shaft, A microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side; A gantry comprising a vibrator for supporting the steering system and applying vibration; While applying vibration to the pedestal by the vibrator, the sound from the column shaft end is measured using the microphone, and abnormal noise caused by the steering system is detected from the sound signal output from the microphone.
  • a steering system evaluation apparatus comprising:
  • abnormal noise generated from the steering system can be detected accurately.
  • 2 is a spectrogram of a detected audio signal in the first embodiment. It is the spectrogram of the detected audio
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a steering system that detects abnormal noise by the abnormal noise detection method of the present invention.
  • the traveling direction of the vehicle will be described as the front, and the reverse direction opposite to the traveling direction will be referred to as the rear.
  • the steering wheel 13 is supported on the rear end portion of the column shaft 15 so as to be rotatable.
  • the column shaft 15 is rotatably supported by the steering column 17 in a state where the cylindrical steering column 17 is inserted in the axial direction.
  • the front end portion of the column shaft 15 is connected to the rear end portion of the intermediate shaft 21 via the universal joint 19.
  • the front end portion of the intermediate shaft 21 is connected to the input shaft 27 of the steering gear unit 25 via another universal joint 23.
  • the steering gear unit 25 transmits the rotation of the input shaft 27 to a pair of left and right steering shafts 29 connected to the front wheels of the vehicle and extending in the vehicle width direction.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a steering wheel and a detection device in which a microphone is installed.
  • the abnormal noise detection method according to this configuration detects an abnormal noise from the steering system using the microphone 31 and the detection device 33.
  • the microphone 31 has a sound collecting unit 35 at the tip, and the sound collecting unit 35 captures sound and outputs a sound signal.
  • the microphone 31 for example, various types such as a dynamic microphone and a condenser microphone can be used.
  • the microphone 31 is disposed so as to face the steering wheel 13. At that time, the steering wheel 13 removes an attachment member such as an air bag module from the wheel body, and exposes the end 45 of the column shaft 15.
  • an attachment member such as an air bag module
  • the end portion 54 is a male screw portion is shown, but a configuration in which components attached to the end portion 45 are exposed may be used.
  • the microphone 31 is disposed on the vehicle rear side with respect to the column shaft 15, and the sound collection unit 35 of the microphone 31 is disposed at a position facing the end 45 of the column shaft 15.
  • the microphone 31 is connected to the detection device 33 via the signal cable 32.
  • the detection device 33 includes a frequency analysis unit 37, a rattle sound component extraction unit 39, and an evaluation unit 41.
  • the frequency analysis unit 37 performs frequency analysis based on the sound signal output from the microphone 31.
  • the rattle sound component extraction unit 39 extracts a rattle sound component resulting from a collision when each component constituting the steering system 11 is relatively displaced from the frequency analysis result by the frequency analysis unit 37.
  • the evaluation unit 41 obtains an evaluation value based on the rattle sound component extracted by the rattle sound component extraction unit 39, and evaluates the abnormal sound of the steering system 11.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing details of the arrangement of the microphone 31.
  • the distance L between the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31 is 50 mm or less.
  • the microphone 31 is preferably installed as close as possible to the end 45 of the column shaft 15 so as not to interfere with the column shaft 15, and the distance L is more preferably 10 mm or less.
  • the microphone 31 is preferably disposed on the axis X of the column shaft 15. However, if the sound collecting unit 35 faces the end 45 of the column shaft 15, the microphone 31 is inclined with respect to the axis X of the column shaft 15. It may be. For example, although depending on the directivity of the microphone 31, the inclination angle ⁇ from the axis X of the column shaft 15 may be within a range of ⁇ 50 °, preferably ⁇ 30 °.
  • the microphone 31 is preferably installed in a state where the space 45 including only the air layer is provided between the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31. That is, the microphone 31 is installed in a state where sound is not blocked or hardly blocked from the end 45 of the column shaft 15.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing one form of abnormal noise detection of a steering system mounted on a vehicle.
  • an abnormal noise from the steering system 11 is detected while the vehicle V is running with the steering system 11 mounted on the vehicle V.
  • the detection device 33 is operated to drive the vehicle V.
  • uneven roads such as cobblestone roads such as Belgian roads and cobblestone roads in which some rounded stones are embedded in the ground regularly or irregularly at a pitch of 10 cm to 100 cm.
  • R is run at a speed of 10 km / h to 40 km / h.
  • a sound emitted from the end 45 of the column shaft 15 is detected using the microphone 31 while the vehicle V is traveling.
  • the microphone 31 outputs the detected sound to the detection device 33 as a sound signal.
  • the detection device 33 inputs the sound signal from the microphone 31 to the frequency analysis unit 37 and performs frequency analysis.
  • the frequency analysis unit 37 obtains a frequency spectrum that is a sound pressure intensity distribution for each frequency of the sound signal, and outputs the obtained frequency spectrum to the rattle sound component extraction unit.
  • the rattle sound component extraction unit 39 extracts a rattle sound component that is an abnormal sound signal caused by the steering system 11 from the frequency spectrum output from the frequency analysis unit 37.
  • the rattle sound component extraction unit 39 uses a high-pass filter, a low-pass filter, or a band-pass filter from the input frequency spectrum, and the sound pressure intensity in the frequency band of 300 Hz to 8 kHz with a sense of rattle sound. Are selectively extracted, and the signal is used as an abnormal sound signal. It is more preferable to extract the rattle sound frequency band from 500 Hz to 5 kHz and extract the sound pressure intensity in the frequency band.
  • the evaluation unit 41 evaluates the steering system 11 by determining whether or not the sound pressure intensity of the obtained abnormal sound signal is within a preset allowable range, for example.
  • the abnormal noise of the steering system 11 is detected by the microphone 31 arranged at the position opposite to the end 45 of the column shaft 15. Since all the components of the steering system 11 are connected to the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15, sound in the steering system 11 is emitted from the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15. By detecting this sound, the noise inside the steering system can be accurately grasped. Since the steering wheel 13 itself amplifies sound using the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15 as a sound source, the microphone 31 is disposed at a position facing the steering wheel 13 to further improve the S / N ratio of the sound signal. be able to.
  • the abnormal noise of the steering system 11 can be measured with higher sensitivity.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing the positional relationship between the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31.
  • a space S consisting only of an air layer is formed between the end 45 of the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and a member 47 such as a sheet or a cover that does not shield sound propagation or has a low shielding effect may be disposed in a part of the space S.
  • the member 47 has an effect of passing a specific frequency component including a rattle sound and blocking other frequency components, the signal processing by the rattle sound component extraction unit 39 can be simplified or omitted. .
  • the rattle sound is more accurately extracted by selectively extracting the sound pressure intensity in the frequency band of 300 Hz to 8 kHz including the frequency band of the rattle sound caused by the steering system 11 from the sound measured by the microphone 31.
  • the noise is always stable and accurate without being affected by other sound components such as tire noise when the vehicle travels. Can be evaluated.
  • the support structure of the microphone 31 is not limited as long as the microphone 31 is disposed so as to face the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15.
  • the microphone 31 is preferably supported integrally with the steering wheel 13. If the microphone 31 is supported on the steering wheel 13 in this manner, the microphone 31 does not interfere with the operation of the steering wheel 13, and the surrounding members There is no interference.
  • the noise from the steering system 11 is measured using only the microphone 31, but the vibration sensor 43 for detecting vibration may be used in combination.
  • the vibration sensor 43 is attached to a position connected to the column shaft 15 such as the end 45 of the column shaft 15, and the vibration of the column shaft 15 is detected by the vibration sensor 43.
  • the vibration sensor 43 outputs the detected vibration to the detection device 33 as a vibration detection signal.
  • the detection device 33 evaluates the input vibration detection signal together with the sound pressure intensity described above.
  • vibration sensor 43 various types of sensors such as a MEMS acceleration sensor applying a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology and a piezoelectric acceleration sensor can be used as the acceleration sensor.
  • MEMS acceleration sensor applying a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology
  • piezoelectric acceleration sensor can be used as the acceleration sensor.
  • the detection device 33 may perform evaluation based on the detected vibration intensity, or may perform frequency analysis on the input vibration detection signal and perform evaluation based on the spectrum intensity in a specific frequency band. By using the spectrum intensity, the noise component is reduced, and highly accurate evaluation is possible. In addition, a more reliable evaluation can be performed by a synergistic effect with the evaluation based on the sound pressure intensity.
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment for detecting an abnormal noise of the steering system alone.
  • abnormal noise detection is performed in a state where the steering system 11 is mounted alone on the gantry 51.
  • the gantry 51 includes a rectangular bottom plate portion 53, column portions 55 erected at each corner of the bottom plate portion 53, and a frame body 57 fixed to the upper ends of these column portions 55, and the steering system 11. Is supported in the same manner as in-vehicle.
  • the gantry 51 is provided with a vibrator 61.
  • the vibrator 61 can arbitrarily apply vibration to the steering system 11 supported by the gantry 51. For example, by applying the same vibration pattern to the steering system 11 as that generated when the vehicle V travels, the steering system 11 is imparted with vibration applied during actual traveling while being supported by the gantry 51.
  • the portion to which vibration is applied may be the steering shaft 29 that is a tie rod, and the excitation direction may be not only the axial direction of the steering shaft 29 but also the vertical direction.
  • the steering gear unit 25 may be vibrated in the vertical direction.
  • each of the above parts may be individually excited or simultaneously excited. Thereby, a pseudo driving state can be reproduced in the steering system 11.
  • the sound generated from the steering system 11 is measured by using the microphone 31 and the detection device (evaluation device) 33 similar to the configuration shown in FIG. Can be evaluated. Further, the steering system 11 may be evaluated using the microphone 31 and the vibration sensor 43 at the same time. In that case, the reliability of the evaluation result can be further improved.
  • the abnormal noise generated from the steering system 11 can be detected accurately and reliably in a situation close to the time when the vehicle V is traveling without mounting the steering system 11 on the vehicle V.
  • each of the abnormal noise detection methods described above by arranging the microphone 31 at a position opposite to the end 45 of the column shaft 15, it is possible to reliably detect abnormal noise such as a rattle sound emitted from the steering system 11. In addition, it is possible to accurately detect the rattle sound, which was difficult to detect with the microphone placed at the ear position of the test driver, with an intensity suitable for human hearing. In addition, even when there is no space for installing the microphone 31 below the steering system 11, it can be easily attached to the column shaft 15 and the degree of freedom in abnormal noise inspection can be improved.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be modified by those skilled in the art based on combinations of the configurations of the embodiments, descriptions in the specification, and well-known techniques. Application is also within the scope of the present invention and is within the scope of protection.
  • Example 1 a sound emitted from the column shaft 15 was detected using the microphone 31 disposed at a position facing the end 45 of the column shaft 15. The distance L between the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31 was 15 mm. Further, as Comparative Example 1, sound was detected by a microphone placed at the ear position of the test driver.
  • FIG. 7 is a spectrogram of the detected sound signal in Example 1
  • FIG. 8 is a spectrogram of the detected sound signal in Comparative Example 1.
  • an intermittent peak which is a rattle sound component
  • Comparative Example 1 As shown in FIG. 7, in Example 1, an intermittent peak, which is a rattle sound component, was detected at 500 Hz to 2000 Hz.
  • Comparative Example 1 As shown in FIG. 8, intermittent peaks that are rattle sound components were not clearly detected.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing average spectra in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Comparing the average spectra of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 from the figure, in Example 1, the dominant peak level at 500 Hz to 2000 Hz is high.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing a spectrum when the frequency spectrum of the sound pressure of Example 1 shown in FIG. 9 is subjected to a mask process using a bandpass filter.
  • the spectral intensity of the rattle sound component can be selectively extracted by performing mask processing with a band pass filter of 300 Hz to 5000 Hz. This makes it possible to diagnose and evaluate rattle sounds in line with human hearing.
  • a method for detecting abnormal noise of a steering system comprising: a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel; and detecting abnormal noise from a steering system that steers a wheel according to rotation of the column shaft, Using a microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side, the sound from the column shaft end is measured,
  • An abnormal sound detection method for a steering system wherein an abnormal sound detection signal caused by the steering system is generated from a sound signal output from the microphone.
  • the abnormal noise from the steering system is amplified and the S / N ratio is increased. Can be detected in an improved state. Further, since the sound signal of the measured sound has a large S / N ratio, it is possible to easily detect an abnormal sound caused by the steering system.
  • An evaluation apparatus for a steering system that includes a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel, and detects abnormal noise from a steering system that steers a wheel according to the rotation of the column shaft, A microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side; A gantry comprising a vibrator for supporting the steering system and applying vibration; While applying vibration to the pedestal by the vibrator, the sound from the column shaft end is measured using the microphone, and abnormal noise caused by the steering system is detected from the sound signal output from the microphone.
  • a steering system evaluation apparatus comprising: According to this steering system evaluation apparatus, it is possible to detect an abnormal noise during traveling of the steering system in a pseudo manner, and to easily evaluate the generated abnormal noise.

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Abstract

The objective of the present invention is to detect abnormal sounds from a steering system which includes a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel, and which steers wheels in accordance with rotation of the column shaft. A microphone disposed facing a column shaft end portion on the steering wheel side of the column shaft is used to measure sound from the column shaft end portion. An abnormal sound detection signal attributable to the steering system is generated from a sound signal output from the microphone.

Description

ステアリングシステムの異音検出方法及びステアリングシステムの評価装置Steering system noise detection method and steering system evaluation apparatus
　本発明は、ステアリングシステムの異音検出方法及びステアリングシステムの評価装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for detecting abnormal noise of a steering system and a steering system evaluation apparatus.
　ステアリングシステムに起因する異音の最終検査は、車両の走行試験において、テストドライバーがステアリングシステムに起因する異音をそれ以外の騒音と聞き分けて評価することで行われる。しかし、車両の車室内の騒音はタイヤロードノイズやエンジンノイズが支配的であり、ステアリングシステムに起因する異音のＳ／Ｎ比は小さいため、ステアリングシステムに起因する異音を聴感で聞き分けることは困難な場合が多い。
　また、テストドライバーの耳位置近傍に設置したマイクロホンで音を検出し、その音信号に基づいて評価を行うとしても、ステアリングシステムに起因する異音の成分のみを抽出することは難しいのが実情であった。 The final inspection for abnormal noise caused by the steering system is performed by a test driver inspecting and evaluating the abnormal noise caused by the steering system by distinguishing it from other noises in a vehicle running test. However, tire road noise and engine noise are dominant in the vehicle cabin noise, and the S / N ratio of abnormal noise caused by the steering system is small. Often difficult.
In addition, even if the sound is detected by a microphone installed near the ear position of the test driver and evaluation is performed based on the sound signal, it is difficult to extract only the abnormal sound component caused by the steering system. there were.
　そこで、ステアリングシステムに起因する異音を検出する技術として、ギヤ噛合部に繰り返し振動を入力し、ギヤ噛合部の回転に原因して生ずる異音を電動パワーステアリング装置の下部に取り付けたマイク又は加速度センサで検出することが知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Therefore, as a technique for detecting an abnormal noise caused by the steering system, a microphone or an acceleration is attached to the lower portion of the electric power steering device by repeatedly inputting vibrations to the gear meshing portion and causing the abnormal noise caused by the rotation of the gear meshing portion. It is known to detect with a sensor (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
日本国特許第４３８２６４７号公報Japanese Patent No. 4382647
　しかしながら、上記特許文献１の技術では、電動ステアリング装置の下部で検出した異音と実際に車内で聞こえる異音とは必ずしも一致せず、検出された音や振動に問題がなくても車両の走行試験で不合格になる場合があった。また、マイク又は加速度センサの取り付けスペースが確保できないこともあり、電動ステアリング装置を車両に組み付けた状態でステアリングシステム全体の評価を行うことが難しかった。 However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, the abnormal noise detected at the lower part of the electric steering device and the abnormal noise actually heard in the vehicle do not necessarily coincide with each other, and even if there is no problem with the detected sound or vibration, the vehicle travels. The test sometimes failed. In addition, it may be difficult to secure a space for attaching the microphone or the acceleration sensor, and it is difficult to evaluate the entire steering system in a state where the electric steering device is assembled to the vehicle.
　本発明の目的は、ステアリングシステムから発生する異音をＳ／Ｎ比を高めて正確に検出可能なステアリングシステムの異音検出方法及びステアリングシステムの評価装置を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting an abnormal sound of a steering system and an evaluation device for the steering system that can accurately detect an abnormal noise generated from the steering system by increasing the S / N ratio.
　本発明は下記構成からなる。
（１）　ステアリングホイールを回転可能に支持するコラムシャフトを有し、前記コラムシャフトの回転に応じて車輪を転舵させるステアリングシステムからの異音を検出するステアリングシステムの異音検出方法であって、
　前記コラムシャフトの前記ステアリングホイール側のコラムシャフト端部に対面して配置されるマイクロホンを用いて、前記コラムシャフト端部からの音を計測し、
　前記マイクロホンから出力される音信号から前記ステアリングシステムに起因する異音検出信号を生成する
ステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。
（２）　ステアリングホイールを回転可能に支持するコラムシャフトを有し、前記コラムシャフトの回転に応じて車輪を転舵させるステアリングシステムからの異音を検出するステアリングシステムの評価装置であって、
　前記コラムシャフトの前記ステアリングホイール側のコラムシャフト端部に対面して配置されるマイクロホンと、
　前記ステアリングシステムを支持し、振動を付与する加振器を備える架台と、
　前記加振器により前記架台に振動を付与しながら、前記マイクロホンを用いて、前記コラムシャフト端部からの音を計測し、前記マイクロホンから出力される音信号から前記ステアリングシステムに起因する異音検出信号を生成する検出装置と、
を備えるステアリングシステムの評価装置。 The present invention has the following configuration.
(1) A method for detecting abnormal noise of a steering system, comprising: a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel; and detecting abnormal noise from a steering system that steers wheels according to rotation of the column shaft,
Using a microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side, the sound from the column shaft end is measured,
An abnormal sound detection method for a steering system, wherein an abnormal sound detection signal caused by the steering system is generated from a sound signal output from the microphone.
(2) An evaluation device for a steering system that includes a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel, and detects abnormal noise from a steering system that steers a wheel according to the rotation of the column shaft,
A microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side;
A gantry comprising a vibrator for supporting the steering system and applying vibration;
While applying vibration to the pedestal by the vibrator, the sound from the column shaft end is measured using the microphone, and abnormal noise caused by the steering system is detected from the sound signal output from the microphone. A detection device for generating a signal;
A steering system evaluation apparatus comprising:
　本発明によれば、ステアリングシステムから発生する異音を正確に検出できる。 According to the present invention, abnormal noise generated from the steering system can be detected accurately.
本発明の異音検出方法により異音を検出するステアリングシステムの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the steering system which detects abnormal noise with the abnormal noise detection method of this invention. マイクロホンが設置されたステアリングホイール及び検出装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the steering wheel and detection apparatus in which the microphone was installed. マイクロホンの配置についての詳細を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the detail about arrangement | positioning of a microphone. 車両に搭載されたステアリングシステムの異音検出の一形態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows one form of the abnormal noise detection of the steering system mounted in the vehicle. コラムシャフトとマイクロホンとの配置関係を模式的に示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the arrangement | positioning relationship between a column shaft and a microphone. ステアリングシステム単体の異音を検出する一形態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows one form which detects the abnormal noise of a steering system single-piece | unit. 実施例１における検出された音声信号のスペクトログラムである。2 is a spectrogram of a detected audio signal in the first embodiment. 比較例１における検出された音声信号のスペクトログラムである。It is the spectrogram of the detected audio | voice signal in the comparative example 1. 実施例１及び比較例１における平均スペクトルを示すグラフである。2 is a graph showing average spectra in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. 図９に示す実施例１の音圧の周波数スペクトルに、バンドパスフィルターによるマスク処理を施した場合のスペクトルを示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the spectrum at the time of performing the mask process by a band pass filter to the frequency spectrum of the sound pressure of Example 1 shown in FIG.
　以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
　図１は本発明の異音検出方法により異音を検出するステアリングシステムの斜視図である。以下、車両の進行方向を前方、進行方向とは反対の後退方向を後方と称して説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a steering system that detects abnormal noise by the abnormal noise detection method of the present invention. Hereinafter, the traveling direction of the vehicle will be described as the front, and the reverse direction opposite to the traveling direction will be referred to as the rear.
　ステアリングシステム１１は、ステアリングホイール１３が、コラムシャフト１５の後端部に回転操作可能に支持される。コラムシャフト１５は、円筒状のステアリングコラム１７を軸方向に挿通した状態で、このステアリングコラム１７に回転自在に支持する。コラムシャフト１５は、その前端部が、自在継手１９を介して中間シャフト２１の後端部に接続される。中間シャフト２１の前端部は、別の自在継手２３を介して、ステアリングギヤユニット２５の入力軸２７に接続される。ステアリングギヤユニット２５は、入力軸２７の回転を、車両の前車輪に連結されて車幅方向に延出した左右一対の操舵軸２９に伝達する。 In the steering system 11, the steering wheel 13 is supported on the rear end portion of the column shaft 15 so as to be rotatable. The column shaft 15 is rotatably supported by the steering column 17 in a state where the cylindrical steering column 17 is inserted in the axial direction. The front end portion of the column shaft 15 is connected to the rear end portion of the intermediate shaft 21 via the universal joint 19. The front end portion of the intermediate shaft 21 is connected to the input shaft 27 of the steering gear unit 25 via another universal joint 23. The steering gear unit 25 transmits the rotation of the input shaft 27 to a pair of left and right steering shafts 29 connected to the front wheels of the vehicle and extending in the vehicle width direction.
　このステアリングシステム１１においては、ステアリングホイール１３が回転操作されることで、コラムシャフト１５及び中間シャフト２１を介して入力軸２７が回転される。そして、入力軸２７の回転に伴って操舵軸２９が軸方向に移動し、前車輪が転舵されて舵角が付与される。 In this steering system 11, when the steering wheel 13 is rotated, the input shaft 27 is rotated via the column shaft 15 and the intermediate shaft 21. Then, as the input shaft 27 rotates, the steering shaft 29 moves in the axial direction, and the front wheels are steered to give a steering angle.
　図２はマイクロホンが設置されたステアリングホイール及び検出装置の概略構成図である。本構成による異音検出方法は、マイクロホン３１と、検出装置３３とを用いてステアリングシステムからの異音を検出する。 FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a steering wheel and a detection device in which a microphone is installed. The abnormal noise detection method according to this configuration detects an abnormal noise from the steering system using the microphone 31 and the detection device 33.
　マイクロホン３１は、先端に集音部３５を有し、この集音部３５で音を捉え、音信号を出力する。このマイクロホン３１としては、例えば、ダイナミックマイクやコンデンサマイク等の種々の方式のものが使用可能である。 The microphone 31 has a sound collecting unit 35 at the tip, and the sound collecting unit 35 captures sound and outputs a sound signal. As the microphone 31, for example, various types such as a dynamic microphone and a condenser microphone can be used.
　マイクロホン３１は、ステアリングホイール１３に対面して配置される。その際、ステアリングホイール１３は、エアバックモジュール等の付属部材をホイール本体から取り外し、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５を露出させた状態にする。ここでは一例として端部５４が雄ねじ部である場合を示しているが、端部４５に取り付けられた部品が露出した構成であってもよい。 The microphone 31 is disposed so as to face the steering wheel 13. At that time, the steering wheel 13 removes an attachment member such as an air bag module from the wheel body, and exposes the end 45 of the column shaft 15. Here, as an example, the case where the end portion 54 is a male screw portion is shown, but a configuration in which components attached to the end portion 45 are exposed may be used.
　マイクロホン３１は、コラムシャフト１５よりも車両後方側に配置され、マイクロホン３１の集音部３５を、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５との対向位置に配置される。 The microphone 31 is disposed on the vehicle rear side with respect to the column shaft 15, and the sound collection unit 35 of the microphone 31 is disposed at a position facing the end 45 of the column shaft 15.
　マイクロホン３１は、信号ケーブル３２を介して検出装置３３に接続される。検出装置３３は、周波数分析部３７と、ラトル音成分抽出部３９と、評価部４１とを備える。検出装置３３の処理内容の詳細については後述するが、周波数分析部３７は、マイクロホン３１から出力される音信号に基づいて周波数分析を行う。ラトル音成分抽出部３９は、周波数分析部３７による周波数分析結果から、ステアリングシステム１１を構成する各部品が相対変位した際の衝突に起因するラトル音成分を抽出する。評価部４１は、ラトル音成分抽出部３９が抽出したラトル音成分に基づいて評価値を求め、ステアリングシステム１１の異音の評価を行う。 The microphone 31 is connected to the detection device 33 via the signal cable 32. The detection device 33 includes a frequency analysis unit 37, a rattle sound component extraction unit 39, and an evaluation unit 41. Although details of processing contents of the detection device 33 will be described later, the frequency analysis unit 37 performs frequency analysis based on the sound signal output from the microphone 31. The rattle sound component extraction unit 39 extracts a rattle sound component resulting from a collision when each component constituting the steering system 11 is relatively displaced from the frequency analysis result by the frequency analysis unit 37. The evaluation unit 41 obtains an evaluation value based on the rattle sound component extracted by the rattle sound component extraction unit 39, and evaluates the abnormal sound of the steering system 11.
　図３はマイクロホン３１の配置についての詳細を示す説明図である。
　コラムシャフト１５の端部４５とマイクロホン３１との間の距離Ｌは、５０ｍｍ以下とする。なお、マイクロホン３１は、コラムシャフト１５と干渉しない程度にコラムシャフト１５の端部４５に近付けて設置するのが好ましく、距離Ｌを１０ｍｍ以下とするのがより好ましい。 FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing details of the arrangement of the microphone 31.
The distance L between the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31 is 50 mm or less. The microphone 31 is preferably installed as close as possible to the end 45 of the column shaft 15 so as not to interfere with the column shaft 15, and the distance L is more preferably 10 mm or less.
　マイクロホン３１は、コラムシャフト１５の軸線Ｘ上に配置されることが好ましいが、集音部３５がコラムシャフト１５の端部４５と対向していれば、コラムシャフト１５の軸線Ｘに対して傾斜していてもよい。例えば、マイクロホン３１の指向性にもよるが、コラムシャフト１５の軸線Ｘからの傾き角θは±５０°、好ましくは±３０°の範囲であればよい。 The microphone 31 is preferably disposed on the axis X of the column shaft 15. However, if the sound collecting unit 35 faces the end 45 of the column shaft 15, the microphone 31 is inclined with respect to the axis X of the column shaft 15. It may be. For example, although depending on the directivity of the microphone 31, the inclination angle θ from the axis X of the column shaft 15 may be within a range of ± 50 °, preferably ± 30 °.
　上記のようにマイクロホン３１は、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５とマイクロホン３１との間を、空気層のみからなる空間Ｓとした状態で設置することが好ましい。つまり、マイクロホン３１は、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５との間で音が遮断されない、又は殆ど遮断されない状態で設置させる。 As described above, the microphone 31 is preferably installed in a state where the space 45 including only the air layer is provided between the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31. That is, the microphone 31 is installed in a state where sound is not blocked or hardly blocked from the end 45 of the column shaft 15.
　次に、上記のステアリングシステム１１に対する異音検出方法について説明する。
＜車両走行検査＞
　まず、ステアリングシステム１１を、車両に搭載し、車両と一体にされた状態で異音を検出する形態を説明する。
（異音の検出）
　図４は車両に搭載されたステアリングシステムの異音検出の一形態を示す説明図である。図示例の形態においては、ステアリングシステム１１を車両Ｖに搭載した状態で、車両Ｖを走行させながら、ステアリングシステム１１からの異音を検出する。 Next, an abnormal sound detection method for the steering system 11 will be described.
<Vehicle running inspection>
First, a mode in which the steering system 11 is mounted on a vehicle and abnormal noise is detected in a state where the steering system 11 is integrated with the vehicle will be described.
(Detection of abnormal noise)
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing one form of abnormal noise detection of a steering system mounted on a vehicle. In the form of the illustrated example, an abnormal noise from the steering system 11 is detected while the vehicle V is running with the steering system 11 mounted on the vehicle V.
　まず、検出装置３３を作動させて車両Ｖを走行させる。このとき、例えば、ベルジアン路等の石畳の路面や、丸みを帯びた石の一部を１０ｃｍ～１００ｃｍのピッチで規則的又は不規則に地面に埋め込んで並べた玉石路等の、凹凸のある道路Ｒを１０ｋｍ／ｈ～４０ｋｍ／ｈの速度で走行させる。 First, the detection device 33 is operated to drive the vehicle V. At this time, uneven roads such as cobblestone roads such as Belgian roads and cobblestone roads in which some rounded stones are embedded in the ground regularly or irregularly at a pitch of 10 cm to 100 cm. R is run at a speed of 10 km / h to 40 km / h.
　そして、車両Ｖの走行中に、マイクロホン３１を用いてコラムシャフト１５の端部４５から発せられる音を検出する。マイクロホン３１は、検出された音を音信号として検出装置３３に出力する。 Then, a sound emitted from the end 45 of the column shaft 15 is detected using the microphone 31 while the vehicle V is traveling. The microphone 31 outputs the detected sound to the detection device 33 as a sound signal.
（異音信号の処理）
　検出装置３３は、マイクロホン３１からの音信号を、周波数分析部３７に入力し、周波数分析を行う。周波数分析部３７は、音信号の周波数毎の音圧強度分布である周波数スペクトルを求め、求めた周波数スペクトルを、ラトル音成分抽出部に出力する。 (Abnormal sound signal processing)
The detection device 33 inputs the sound signal from the microphone 31 to the frequency analysis unit 37 and performs frequency analysis. The frequency analysis unit 37 obtains a frequency spectrum that is a sound pressure intensity distribution for each frequency of the sound signal, and outputs the obtained frequency spectrum to the rattle sound component extraction unit.
　ラトル音成分抽出部３９は、周波数分析部３７から出力される周波数スペクトルから、ステアリングシステム１１に起因する異音信号であるラトル音成分を抽出する。具体的には、ラトル音成分抽出部３９は、入力された周波数スペクトルから、ハイパスフィルター、ローパスフィルター、あるいはバンドパスフィルターを用いて、ラトル音となる聴感で３００Ｈｚ～８ｋＨｚの周波数帯の音圧強度を選択的に抽出し、その信号を異音信号とする。なお、ラトル音の抽出周波数帯としては、５００Ｈｚ～５ｋＨｚの周波数帯とし、その周波数帯の音圧強度を抽出するのがより好ましい。 The rattle sound component extraction unit 39 extracts a rattle sound component that is an abnormal sound signal caused by the steering system 11 from the frequency spectrum output from the frequency analysis unit 37. Specifically, the rattle sound component extraction unit 39 uses a high-pass filter, a low-pass filter, or a band-pass filter from the input frequency spectrum, and the sound pressure intensity in the frequency band of 300 Hz to 8 kHz with a sense of rattle sound. Are selectively extracted, and the signal is used as an abnormal sound signal. It is more preferable to extract the rattle sound frequency band from 500 Hz to 5 kHz and extract the sound pressure intensity in the frequency band.
（異音信号の評価）
　評価部４１は、得られた異音信号の音圧強度が、例えば、予め設定した許容範囲内であるか否かを判断し、ステアリングシステム１１を評価する。 (Evaluation of abnormal sound signal)
The evaluation unit 41 evaluates the steering system 11 by determining whether or not the sound pressure intensity of the obtained abnormal sound signal is within a preset allowable range, for example.
　本方式によるステアリングシステムの異音検出方法によれば、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５の対向位置に配置されたマイクロホン３１によって、ステアリングシステム１１の異音を検出する。ステアリングシステム１１は、全ての部品がコラムシャフト１５の端部４５に繋がっているため、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５からステアリングシステム１１内の音が発せられる。この音を検出することで、ステアリングシステム内部の騒音を正確に把握できる。また、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５を音源として、ステアリングホイール１３そのものが音を増幅するため、ステアリングホイール１３の対向位置にマイクロホン３１を配置することで、音信号のＳ／Ｎ比をより向上させることができる。 According to the abnormal noise detection method for the steering system according to the present method, the abnormal noise of the steering system 11 is detected by the microphone 31 arranged at the position opposite to the end 45 of the column shaft 15. Since all the components of the steering system 11 are connected to the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15, sound in the steering system 11 is emitted from the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15. By detecting this sound, the noise inside the steering system can be accurately grasped. Since the steering wheel 13 itself amplifies sound using the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15 as a sound source, the microphone 31 is disposed at a position facing the steering wheel 13 to further improve the S / N ratio of the sound signal. be able to.
　これにより、ステアリングシステム１１の作動時に、ステアリングシステム１１の各構成部品同士が接触して生じるラトル音を、マイクロホン３１から高感度で計測できる。 Thereby, when the steering system 11 is operated, the rattle sound generated when the components of the steering system 11 come into contact with each other can be measured from the microphone 31 with high sensitivity.
　また、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５とマイクロホン３１との間の距離Ｌを５０ｍｍ以下とすることで、より高感度にステアリングシステム１１の異音を計測できる。 Further, by setting the distance L between the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31 to 50 mm or less, the abnormal noise of the steering system 11 can be measured with higher sensitivity.
　図５はコラムシャフト１５とマイクロホン３１との配置関係を模式的に示す説明図である。同図に示すように、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５とマイクロホン３１との間は、空気層のみからなる空間Ｓとしている。しかし、これに限らず、空間Ｓの一部に、音の伝播を遮蔽しない又は遮蔽効果の低いシートやカバー等の部材４７が配置されていてもよい。
　例えば、部材４７が、ラトル音を含む特定周波数成分を通過させ、他の周波数成分を遮る効果を有していれば、ラトル音成分抽出部３９による信号処理を簡単化、又は省略することもできる。 FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing the positional relationship between the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31. As shown in the figure, a space S consisting only of an air layer is formed between the end 45 of the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a member 47 such as a sheet or a cover that does not shield sound propagation or has a low shielding effect may be disposed in a part of the space S.
For example, if the member 47 has an effect of passing a specific frequency component including a rattle sound and blocking other frequency components, the signal processing by the rattle sound component extraction unit 39 can be simplified or omitted. .
　本方式では、マイクロホン３１で計測された音から、ステアリングシステム１１に起因するラトル音の周波数帯域を含む３００Ｈｚ～８ｋＨｚの周波数帯の音圧強度を選択的に抽出することで、ラトル音をより正確に評価できる。これにより、ステアリングシステム１１を搭載した車両Ｖを走行させて異音を検出する際、車両走行時のタイヤノイズ等、他の音成分による影響を受けることなく、常に安定して正確な異音の評価が行える。 In this method, the rattle sound is more accurately extracted by selectively extracting the sound pressure intensity in the frequency band of 300 Hz to 8 kHz including the frequency band of the rattle sound caused by the steering system 11 from the sound measured by the microphone 31. Can be evaluated. As a result, when the vehicle V on which the steering system 11 is mounted is traveled to detect an abnormal noise, the noise is always stable and accurate without being affected by other sound components such as tire noise when the vehicle travels. Can be evaluated.
　また、マイクロホン３１は、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５に対向して配置されていれば、その支持構造は限定されない。マイクロホン３１は、ステアリングホイール１３に一体的に支持させるのが好ましく、このようにマイクロホン３１をステアリングホイール１３に支持させれば、マイクロホン３１がステアリングホイール１３の操作に邪魔にならず、周囲部材との干渉を生じることもない。 Further, the support structure of the microphone 31 is not limited as long as the microphone 31 is disposed so as to face the end portion 45 of the column shaft 15. The microphone 31 is preferably supported integrally with the steering wheel 13. If the microphone 31 is supported on the steering wheel 13 in this manner, the microphone 31 does not interfere with the operation of the steering wheel 13, and the surrounding members There is no interference.
＜変形例＞
　上記例では、マイクロホン３１のみを用いてステアリングシステム１１からの異音を計測しているが、振動を検出する振動センサ４３を併用してもよい。その場合、図３に示すように、振動センサ４３をコラムシャフト１５の端部４５等のコラムシャフト１５に接続される位置に取り付け、この振動センサ４３によりコラムシャフト１５の振動を検出する。振動センサ４３は、検出した振動を振動検出信号として検出装置３３に出力する。検出装置３３は、入力された振動検出信号を前述した音圧強度と併せて評価する。 <Modification>
In the above example, the noise from the steering system 11 is measured using only the microphone 31, but the vibration sensor 43 for detecting vibration may be used in combination. In that case, as shown in FIG. 3, the vibration sensor 43 is attached to a position connected to the column shaft 15 such as the end 45 of the column shaft 15, and the vibration of the column shaft 15 is detected by the vibration sensor 43. The vibration sensor 43 outputs the detected vibration to the detection device 33 as a vibration detection signal. The detection device 33 evaluates the input vibration detection signal together with the sound pressure intensity described above.
　振動センサ４３としては、加速度センサとしては、ＭＥＭＳ（Micro Electro Mechanical System）技術を応用したＭＥＭＳ加速度センサや、圧電型加速度センサ等、種々の方式のセンサが使用可能である。 As the vibration sensor 43, various types of sensors such as a MEMS acceleration sensor applying a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology and a piezoelectric acceleration sensor can be used as the acceleration sensor.
　検出装置３３は、検出された振動の強度に基づいて評価してもよく、入力された振動検出信号を周波数分析して、特定の周波数帯のスペクトル強度に基づいて評価してもよい。スペクトル強度を用いることで、ノイズ成分が低減して高精度な評価が可能となる。また、音圧強度に基づく評価との相乗効果によって、より信頼性の高い評価が行える。 The detection device 33 may perform evaluation based on the detected vibration intensity, or may perform frequency analysis on the input vibration detection signal and perform evaluation based on the spectrum intensity in a specific frequency band. By using the spectrum intensity, the noise component is reduced, and highly accurate evaluation is possible. In addition, a more reliable evaluation can be performed by a synergistic effect with the evaluation based on the sound pressure intensity.
＜ステアリングシステムの単体検査＞
　次に、ステアリングシステム単体の異音を検出する形態を説明する。
　図６はステアリングシステム単体の異音を検出する一形態を示す説明図である。図示例の形態においては、ステアリングシステム１１を架台５１に単体で搭載した状態で異音検出を行う。 <Single unit inspection of steering system>
Next, the form which detects the abnormal noise of a steering system single-piece | unit is demonstrated.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment for detecting an abnormal noise of the steering system alone. In the form of the illustrated example, abnormal noise detection is performed in a state where the steering system 11 is mounted alone on the gantry 51.
　架台５１は、矩形状の底板部５３と、底板部５３の各角部に立設された柱部５５と、これらの柱部５５の上端に固定された枠体５７とを備え、ステアリングシステム１１を車載時と同様に支持する。 The gantry 51 includes a rectangular bottom plate portion 53, column portions 55 erected at each corner of the bottom plate portion 53, and a frame body 57 fixed to the upper ends of these column portions 55, and the steering system 11. Is supported in the same manner as in-vehicle.
　架台５１には、加振器６１が設けられる。加振器６１は、架台５１に支持されたステアリングシステム１１に振動を任意に付与できる。例えば、車両Ｖが走行する際に生じる振動と同じ振動パターンをステアリングシステム１１に付与することで、ステアリングシステム１１は、架台５１に支持された状態で実走行時に加わる振動が付与される。なお、図示していないが、振動を付与する部位は、タイロッドである操舵軸２９であってもよく、加振方向は操舵軸２９の軸方向だけでなく、鉛直方向であってもよい。また、ステアリングギヤユニット２５を鉛直方向に加振しても良い。更に、上記各部を個別に加振してもよく、同時に加振してもよい。これにより、ステアリングシステム１１に擬似的な走行状態を再現できる。 The gantry 51 is provided with a vibrator 61. The vibrator 61 can arbitrarily apply vibration to the steering system 11 supported by the gantry 51. For example, by applying the same vibration pattern to the steering system 11 as that generated when the vehicle V travels, the steering system 11 is imparted with vibration applied during actual traveling while being supported by the gantry 51. Although not shown, the portion to which vibration is applied may be the steering shaft 29 that is a tie rod, and the excitation direction may be not only the axial direction of the steering shaft 29 but also the vertical direction. Further, the steering gear unit 25 may be vibrated in the vertical direction. Furthermore, each of the above parts may be individually excited or simultaneously excited. Thereby, a pseudo driving state can be reproduced in the steering system 11.
　本構成の場合も、図２に示す構成と同様のマイクロホン３１と検出装置（評価装置）３３を用いて、ステアリングシステム１１から発生する音を計測することで、人間の知覚に沿ったステアリングシステム１１の評価が行える。また、マイクロホン３１と振動センサ４３とを同時に使用して、ステアリングシステム１１の評価を行ってもよい。その場合、評価結果の信頼性をより向上できる。 Also in the case of this configuration, the sound generated from the steering system 11 is measured by using the microphone 31 and the detection device (evaluation device) 33 similar to the configuration shown in FIG. Can be evaluated. Further, the steering system 11 may be evaluated using the microphone 31 and the vibration sensor 43 at the same time. In that case, the reliability of the evaluation result can be further improved.
　このように、本方式によれば、ステアリングシステム１１を車両Ｖに搭載させることなく、車両Ｖの走行時に近い状況で、ステアリングシステム１１から生じる異音を正確、且つ確実に検出できる。 Thus, according to the present system, the abnormal noise generated from the steering system 11 can be detected accurately and reliably in a situation close to the time when the vehicle V is traveling without mounting the steering system 11 on the vehicle V.
　上記の各異音検出方法によれば、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５の対向位置にマイクロホン３１を配置することで、ステアリングシステム１１から発せられるラトル音等の異音を確実に検出できる。また、テストドライバーの耳位置に配置されたマイクロホンでは検出が困難であったラトル音を、人の聴覚に即した強度で、正確に検出できる。また、マイクロホン３１をステアリングシステム１１の下部に設置するスペースがない場合でも、簡便にコラムシャフト１５に取り付け可能となり、異音検査の自由度を向上できる。 According to each of the abnormal noise detection methods described above, by arranging the microphone 31 at a position opposite to the end 45 of the column shaft 15, it is possible to reliably detect abnormal noise such as a rattle sound emitted from the steering system 11. In addition, it is possible to accurately detect the rattle sound, which was difficult to detect with the microphone placed at the ear position of the test driver, with an intensity suitable for human hearing. In addition, even when there is no space for installing the microphone 31 below the steering system 11, it can be easily attached to the column shaft 15 and the degree of freedom in abnormal noise inspection can be improved.
　以上説明したように、本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、実施形態の各構成を相互に組み合わせることや、明細書の記載、並びに周知の技術に基づいて、当業者が変更、応用することも本発明の予定するところであり、保護を求める範囲に含まれる。 As described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be modified by those skilled in the art based on combinations of the configurations of the embodiments, descriptions in the specification, and well-known techniques. Application is also within the scope of the present invention and is within the scope of protection.
　ここで、車両Ｖを、例えば車速１５ｋｍ／ｈで凹凸路上を走行させた際のステアリングシステム１１の異音を検出した結果を説明する。 Here, a description will be given of the result of detecting the abnormal noise of the steering system 11 when the vehicle V travels on an uneven road at a vehicle speed of 15 km / h, for example.
　実施例１として、コラムシャフト１５の端部４５との対向位置に配置したマイクロホン３１を用いて、コラムシャフト１５から発せられる音を検出した。コラムシャフト１５とマイクロホン３１との距離Ｌは１５ｍｍとした。また、比較例１として、テストドライバーの耳位置に配置したマイクロホンによって音を検出した。 As Example 1, a sound emitted from the column shaft 15 was detected using the microphone 31 disposed at a position facing the end 45 of the column shaft 15. The distance L between the column shaft 15 and the microphone 31 was 15 mm. Further, as Comparative Example 1, sound was detected by a microphone placed at the ear position of the test driver.
（評価結果）
　図７は実施例１における検出された音信号のスペクトログラムであり、図８は比較例１における検出された音声信号のスペクトログラムである。図７に示すように、実施例１では、５００Ｈｚ～２０００Ｈｚにラトル音成分である断続的なピークが検出された。これに対して比較例１では、図８に示すように、ラトル音成分である断続的なピークが明瞭に検出されなかった。 (Evaluation results)
FIG. 7 is a spectrogram of the detected sound signal in Example 1, and FIG. 8 is a spectrogram of the detected sound signal in Comparative Example 1. As shown in FIG. 7, in Example 1, an intermittent peak, which is a rattle sound component, was detected at 500 Hz to 2000 Hz. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, as shown in FIG. 8, intermittent peaks that are rattle sound components were not clearly detected.
　図９は実施例１及び比較例１における平均スペクトルを示すグラフである。同図より実施例１及び比較例１の平均スペクトルを比較すると、実施例１では、５００Ｈｚ～２０００Ｈｚにおける支配的なピークレベルが高い。 FIG. 9 is a graph showing average spectra in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Comparing the average spectra of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 from the figure, in Example 1, the dominant peak level at 500 Hz to 2000 Hz is high.
　図１０は図９に示す実施例１の音圧の周波数スペクトルに、バンドパスフィルターによるマスク処理を施した場合のスペクトルを示すグラフである。同図に示すように、３００Ｈｚ～５０００Ｈｚのバンドパスフィルターによりマスク処理を施すと、ラトル音成分のスペクトル強度を選択的に抽出できる。これにより、人の聴覚に即したラトル音の診断や評価が可能となる。 FIG. 10 is a graph showing a spectrum when the frequency spectrum of the sound pressure of Example 1 shown in FIG. 9 is subjected to a mask process using a bandpass filter. As shown in the figure, the spectral intensity of the rattle sound component can be selectively extracted by performing mask processing with a band pass filter of 300 Hz to 5000 Hz. This makes it possible to diagnose and evaluate rattle sounds in line with human hearing.
　以上の通り、本明細書には次の事項が開示されている。
（１）ステアリングホイールを回転可能に支持するコラムシャフトを有し、前記コラムシャフトの回転に応じて車輪を転舵させるステアリングシステムからの異音を検出するステアリングシステムの異音検出方法であって、
　前記コラムシャフトの前記ステアリングホイール側のコラムシャフト端部に対面して配置されるマイクロホンを用いて、前記コラムシャフト端部からの音を計測し、
　前記マイクロホンから出力される音信号から前記ステアリングシステムに起因する異音検出信号を生成する
ステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。
　このステアリングシステムの異音検出方法によれば、コラムシャフト端部に対面するマイクロホンにより、コラムシャフト端部からの音を計測することで、ステアリングシステムからの異音が増幅されて、Ｓ／Ｎ比が改善された状態で検出できる。また、計測された音の音信号は、Ｓ／Ｎ比が大きいため、ステアリングシステムに起因する異音を容易に検出できる。 As described above, the following items are disclosed in this specification.
(1) A method for detecting abnormal noise of a steering system, comprising: a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel; and detecting abnormal noise from a steering system that steers a wheel according to rotation of the column shaft,
Using a microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side, the sound from the column shaft end is measured,
An abnormal sound detection method for a steering system, wherein an abnormal sound detection signal caused by the steering system is generated from a sound signal output from the microphone.
According to this abnormal noise detection method for a steering system, by measuring the sound from the end of the column shaft by the microphone facing the end of the column shaft, the abnormal noise from the steering system is amplified and the S / N ratio is increased. Can be detected in an improved state. Further, since the sound signal of the measured sound has a large S / N ratio, it is possible to easily detect an abnormal sound caused by the steering system.
（２）　前記ステアリングホイールが前記コラムシャフトに取り付けられた状態で行う（１）に記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。
　このステアリングシステムの異音検出方法によれば、実走行時と略同じ状態で異音検出が行え、検出精度を向上できる。 (2) The abnormal noise detection method for a steering system according to (1), which is performed in a state where the steering wheel is attached to the column shaft.
According to the abnormal noise detection method of this steering system, abnormal noise can be detected in substantially the same state as during actual traveling, and the detection accuracy can be improved.
（３）前記コラムシャフト端部と前記マイクロホンとの間の距離を５０ｍｍ以下にする（１）に記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。
　このステアリングシステムの異音検出方法によれば、コラムシャフト端部とマイクロホンとの距離を近付けることで、コラムシャフト端部からの音をより大きな音圧で計測できる。
（４）前記コラムシャフト端部と前記マイクロホンとの間は、空気層のみからなる空間である（１）～（３）のいずれか一つに記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。
　このステアリングシステムの異音検出方法によれば、コラムシャフト端部からの音を遮蔽されることなく、そのまま計測できる。 (3) The abnormal noise detection method for a steering system according to (1), wherein a distance between the column shaft end portion and the microphone is set to 50 mm or less.
According to the abnormal sound detection method of the steering system, the sound from the column shaft end can be measured with a larger sound pressure by reducing the distance between the column shaft end and the microphone.
(4) The noise detection method for a steering system according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein a space between the column shaft end portion and the microphone is a space composed only of an air layer.
According to the abnormal noise detection method of the steering system, the sound from the column shaft end can be measured as it is without being shielded.
（５）前記マイクロホンにより計測された音の周波数スペクトルを求め、
　求めた前記周波数スペクトルの３００Ｈｚ～８ｋＨｚの周波数帯のスペクトル強度を抽出した信号を前記異音検出信号とする（１）～（４）のいずれか一つに記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。
　このステアリングシステムの異音検出方法によれば、計測された音の音信号からラトル音成分が選択的に抽出されるため、ステアリングシステムの異音をより正確に評価できる。 (5) Obtain the frequency spectrum of the sound measured by the microphone,
6. The method for detecting an abnormal sound of a steering system according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein a signal obtained by extracting a spectrum intensity of a frequency band of 300 Hz to 8 kHz of the obtained frequency spectrum is used as the abnormal sound detection signal.
According to this abnormal noise detection method for a steering system, since the rattle sound component is selectively extracted from the sound signal of the measured sound, the abnormal noise of the steering system can be evaluated more accurately.
（６）前記ステアリングシステムを搭載した車両を走行させて前記マイクロホンによる音の検出を行う（１）～（５）のいずれか一つに記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。
　このステアリングシステムの異音検出方法によれば、ステアリングシステムの車両搭載状態における異音検出が行え、より高精度な評価が行える。 (6) The abnormal noise detection method for a steering system according to any one of (1) to (5), in which a vehicle equipped with the steering system is driven to detect sound by the microphone.
According to this abnormal noise detection method for a steering system, abnormal noise can be detected when the steering system is mounted on a vehicle, and more accurate evaluation can be performed.
（７）加振器を備える架台に搭載された前記ステアリングシステムを、前記加振器により前記架台に振動を付与しながら前記マイクロホンによる音の検出を行う（１）～（５）のいずれか一つに記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。
　このステアリングシステムの異音検出方法によれば、擬似的にステアリングシステムの走行時の異音を検出でき、発生する異音の評価を簡便に行える。 (7) Any one of (1) to (5), wherein the steering system mounted on a gantry including a vibrator detects sound by the microphone while applying vibration to the gantry by the vibrator. The abnormal noise detection method of the steering system as described in one.
According to this abnormal noise detection method for a steering system, it is possible to detect an abnormal noise during traveling of the steering system in a pseudo manner, and to easily evaluate the generated abnormal noise.
（８）　ステアリングホイールを回転可能に支持するコラムシャフトを有し、前記コラムシャフトの回転に応じて車輪を転舵させるステアリングシステムからの異音を検出するステアリングシステムの評価装置であって、
　前記コラムシャフトの前記ステアリングホイール側のコラムシャフト端部に対面して配置されるマイクロホンと、
　前記ステアリングシステムを支持し、振動を付与する加振器を備える架台と、
　前記加振器により前記架台に振動を付与しながら、前記マイクロホンを用いて、前記コラムシャフト端部からの音を計測し、前記マイクロホンから出力される音信号から前記ステアリングシステムに起因する異音検出信号を生成する検出装置と、
を備えるステアリングシステムの評価装置。
　このステアリングシステムの評価装置によれば、擬似的にステアリングシステムの走行時の異音を検出でき、発生する異音の評価を簡便に行える。 (8) An evaluation apparatus for a steering system that includes a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel, and detects abnormal noise from a steering system that steers a wheel according to the rotation of the column shaft,
A microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side;
A gantry comprising a vibrator for supporting the steering system and applying vibration;
While applying vibration to the pedestal by the vibrator, the sound from the column shaft end is measured using the microphone, and abnormal noise caused by the steering system is detected from the sound signal output from the microphone. A detection device for generating a signal;
A steering system evaluation apparatus comprising:
According to this steering system evaluation apparatus, it is possible to detect an abnormal noise during traveling of the steering system in a pseudo manner, and to easily evaluate the generated abnormal noise.
　本出願は２０１６年４月２１日出願の日本国特許出願（特願２０１６－８５４３７）に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。 This application is based on a Japanese patent application filed on April 21, 2016 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-85437), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
　１１　ステアリングシステム
　１３　ステアリングホイール
　１５　コラムシャフト
　２９　操舵軸
　３１　マイクロホン
　３３　検出装置（評価装置）
　４５　端部（コラムシャフト端部）
　５１　架台
　６１　加振器
　Ｓ　空間
　Ｖ　車両 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Steering system 13 Steering wheel 15 Column shaft 29 Steering shaft 31 Microphone 33 Detection apparatus (evaluation apparatus)
45 End (column shaft end)
51 Mount 61 Exciter S Space V Vehicle

Claims (5)

  1. 　ステアリングホイールを回転可能に支持するコラムシャフトを有し、前記コラムシャフトの回転に応じて車輪を転舵させるステアリングシステムからの異音を検出するステアリングシステムの異音検出方法であって、
    　前記コラムシャフトの前記ステアリングホイール側のコラムシャフト端部に対面して配置されるマイクロホンを用いて、前記コラムシャフト端部からの音を計測し、
    　前記マイクロホンから出力される音信号から前記ステアリングシステムに起因する異音検出信号を生成する
    ステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。     A method for detecting abnormal noise of a steering system, comprising: a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel; and detecting abnormal noise from a steering system that steers a wheel according to rotation of the column shaft,
    Using a microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side, the sound from the column shaft end is measured,
    An abnormal sound detection method for a steering system, wherein an abnormal sound detection signal caused by the steering system is generated from a sound signal output from the microphone.
  2. 　前記ステアリングホイールが前記コラムシャフトに取り付けられた状態で行う請求項１に記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。 The method for detecting noise in a steering system according to claim 1, wherein the steering wheel is attached to the column shaft.
  3. 　前記ステアリングシステムを搭載した車両を走行させて前記マイクロホンによる音の検出を行う請求項１又は請求項２に記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。 The method for detecting an abnormal sound of a steering system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a vehicle equipped with the steering system is driven to detect sound by the microphone.
  4. 　加振器を備える架台に搭載された前記ステアリングシステムを、前記加振器により前記架台に振動を付与しながら前記マイクロホンによる音の検出を行う
    請求項１又は請求項２に記載のステアリングシステムの異音検出方法。     The difference between the steering systems according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steering system mounted on a gantry including a vibrator is used to detect sound by the microphone while applying vibration to the gantry by the vibrator. Sound detection method.
  5. 　ステアリングホイールを回転可能に支持するコラムシャフトを有し、前記コラムシャフトの回転に応じて車輪を転舵させるステアリングシステムからの異音を検出するステアリングシステムの評価装置であって、
    　前記コラムシャフトの前記ステアリングホイール側のコラムシャフト端部に対面して配置されるマイクロホンと、
    　前記ステアリングシステムを支持し、振動を付与する加振器を備える架台と、
    　前記加振器により前記架台に振動を付与しながら、前記マイクロホンを用いて、前記コラムシャフト端部からの音を計測し、前記マイクロホンから出力される音信号から前記ステアリングシステムに起因する異音検出信号を生成する検出装置と、
    を備えるステアリングシステムの評価装置。     A steering system evaluation device for detecting abnormal noise from a steering system that has a column shaft that rotatably supports a steering wheel and that steers a wheel according to the rotation of the column shaft,
    A microphone disposed facing the column shaft end of the column shaft on the steering wheel side;
    A gantry comprising a vibrator for supporting the steering system and applying vibration;
    While applying vibration to the pedestal by the vibrator, the sound from the column shaft end is measured using the microphone, and abnormal noise caused by the steering system is detected from the sound signal output from the microphone. A detection device for generating a signal;
    A steering system evaluation apparatus comprising:
PCT/JP2017/013227 2016-04-21 2017-03-30 Method of detecting abnormal sound in steering system, and steering system evaluating device WO2017183410A1 (en)

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CN201780012028.9A CN108700454A (en) 2016-04-21 2017-03-30 The extraordinary noise detection method of steering and the evaluating apparatus of steering
EP17785752.1A EP3447460A4 (en) 2016-04-21 2017-03-30 Method of detecting abnormal sound in steering system, and steering system evaluating device
KR1020187021399A KR20180134840A (en) 2016-04-21 2017-03-30 A method of detecting a joint of a steering system and an evaluation device of a steering system
BR112018015685-0A BR112018015685A2 (en) 2016-04-21 2017-03-30 abnormal noise detection method of steering system and steering system evaluation device

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