WO2017176234A2 - Substrat minéral enrichi en nutriments pour perpétuer la vie marine - Google Patents

Substrat minéral enrichi en nutriments pour perpétuer la vie marine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017176234A2
WO2017176234A2 PCT/US2016/000030 US2016000030W WO2017176234A2 WO 2017176234 A2 WO2017176234 A2 WO 2017176234A2 US 2016000030 W US2016000030 W US 2016000030W WO 2017176234 A2 WO2017176234 A2 WO 2017176234A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mass
concrete
total
vitamin
species
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2016/000030
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2017176234A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Manning
Sydney PLUMMER
Tess BAKER
Brittany BUTLER
Melhulkumar PATEL
Original Assignee
Thomas Manning
Plummer Sydney
Baker Tess
Butler Brittany
Patel Melhulkumar
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomas Manning, Plummer Sydney, Baker Tess, Butler Brittany, Patel Melhulkumar filed Critical Thomas Manning
Priority to PCT/US2016/000030 priority Critical patent/WO2017176234A2/fr
Publication of WO2017176234A2 publication Critical patent/WO2017176234A2/fr
Publication of WO2017176234A3 publication Critical patent/WO2017176234A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming

Definitions

  • Patent type International Non-provisional Utility
  • Mehulkumar Patel 1701 Ellis Drive, Valdosta, GA, USA, 31601
  • Stephane consists of attaching each one Roger to plastic mesh on bottom of maturing bed by blob or mortar
  • Valdosta State University a component of the University System of Georgia.
  • MIC Systems Inc. (Valdosta, Ga.) assisted in supporting the efforts of the PL Only the parties of Valdosta State University (Valdosta, Georgia, USA) and the University System of Georgia (Atlanta, Georgia, USA) claim the intellectual property outlined in this application.
  • the current invention relates to a mineral based composition that effectively grows organisms in a marine environment.
  • the mineral based material is composed of both organic and inorganic components that provide a surface for nucleation to take place that is capable of sustaining an ecosystem that reflects the diversity of life seen in the area.
  • This invention involves a method to produce concrete that is used as both a surface and a nutrient source for marine life to nucleate and grow.
  • the construction includes both organic and inorganic nutrients that slowly leach from the concrete into the marine environment. Care is taken in selecting the materials needed for the composition of the concrete. For example, slags and ashe.s cm produce a concrete that has extremes in acidity, basicity or toxicity. Calcium carbonate and other carbonate minerals not only serve as a pH buffer but also provide needed carbonates that are released at a slow rate for organisms such as oysters, corals and bryozoans. Most concrete construction inventions focus on making the strongest possible material for use in building structures.
  • the concrete described in this invention is designed to slowly degrade, releasing its nutrients and eventually resulting in a natural mineral deposit (i.e. silicates and carbonates) on the ocean floor, leaving a fostering marine ecosystem in its place.
  • Mussels are a type of shellfish that adhere to a range of structures including rocks.
  • the glue that holds mussels to the rock is composed of DOPA proteins. These proteins draw on the mussel but can also draw on a bacterial film that is present on the surface. These proteins take part in the mussel's adhesion process to a surface that involves both iron and silicates.
  • a source of sugar should be available to start a bacterial biofilm
  • both iron and silicates should be present on the surface for adhesion
  • amino acids should be available in the matrix to contribute to the growth of the binding protein.
  • chemical species including amino acids, vitamins, trace minerals and starches, which are all needed to support life in the earliest stages, should be available in sufficient quantities.
  • a strategy for growing mussels should then include the slow release of many of these species to help them survive and prosper.
  • a coral's nutrient cycle can be complex and draw on several sources.
  • One such source that corals draw on is dissolved organic matter (DOM) which is a brood of chemicals that includes sugars, amino acids, urea, carbohydrates and functionalized hydrocarbons (i.e. stearic and palmatic acid).
  • DOM dissolved organic matter
  • Corals rely heavily on trace levels of these species from the surrounding water supply, including over a dozen amino acids.
  • the energy source for many corals is derived from zooxanthellae (algae prominent on coral reefs) photosynthesis. This process would require some nutrients to help the photosynthetic algae to grow as well as a steady supply of carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates in a complex cycle.
  • Corals also require dissolved inorganic matter which can be delivered as nanoparticles and include species such as calcium, magnesium, copper and iron at appropriate concentrations.
  • species such as calcium, magnesium, copper and iron at appropriate concentrations.
  • FIG. 1 Another example of a carbonate based marine organism that benefits from this invention is the oyster.
  • Specific species such as the Crassostrea gigas ( Pacific Oysters), Crassostrea sikamea (Kumamoto Oysters), Crassostrea virginicas (Atlantic Oysters), Ostrea edulis (European Flats), and Ostrea lurida or Ostrea conchapila (Olympia Oysters) can benefit from this technology.
  • oysters are known as a food source, they also provide tremendous advantages in natural ecosystems as well as to humans. For example, oyster beds can help stabilize a shoreline and prevent erosion.
  • biofilms Another field to be considered when placing a bioactive material in the ocean is biofilms and the potential drugs they can produce.
  • drugs that are harvested from the ocean are produced by symbiotic bacteria that reside within a host organism.
  • ara-A extracted from a marine sponge is an antiviral drug
  • ara-C extracted from a marine sponge is an anticancer drug
  • cephalosporins from a marine fungi are an antibiotic
  • conotoxins extracted from Cone snails are used for chronic pain
  • GTS21 extracted from a Nemertine worm is used for Alzheimer's disease
  • LAF389 extracted from a sponge is a cancer drug
  • Yondelis (ET743) extracted from a sea squirt is used against soft tissue sarcoma
  • dolastatin-10 extracted from a sea slug is used against cancer
  • ILX651 from a sea slug is used to battle cancer
  • cemadotin extracted from a sea slug is used against cancer
  • This invention focuses on a process to make a solid, mineral-based, bioactive structure that can serve as a nucleation point for a host of marine life.
  • the process involves mixing together a series of compounds to form a final composition that will harden and provide a source of nutrients for feeding.
  • Products found in the cement and final concrete mixture include calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (SiC ⁇ ), aluminum oxide (AI2O3), iron oxide (Fe2C> ) ;
  • magnesium oxide MgO
  • diphosphorous pentaoxide sulfur trioxide
  • Concrete composed of these materials can, by itself, be a very poor surface to serve as a nucleation point for marine life.
  • reacting sulfur trioxide with water produces sulfuric acid resulting in a pH that would minimize the ability of organisms to thrive on the surface.
  • Various types of slags and fly ash can also produce a chemical environment incapable of sustaining life. Additional chemical species are added to optimize surface conditions, such as pH, and to provide a slow release of key nutrients essential for life.
  • nutrient and chemical species are added to optimize surface conditions which include: calcium carbonate, cellulose, sugars (i.e. sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.), sodium bicarbonate, proteins, peptides, chitin, lignin, urea, ammonia and/or ammonium, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, iron oxide, potassium, sulfate, magnesium, strontium, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicates, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin D, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, lysine, proline, threonine, isoleucine, valine, serine, alanine, tyrosine, methionine, arginine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, glycine, histidine, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin, magnesium, thiamin (Bl),
  • the bulk components lime or calcium oxide, silica, alumina, iron oxide, gypsum, and calcium carbonate— are placed in a container. Typically, they are obtained by mixing Portland cement with limestone sand and silica based sand. The remaining components, each present at lower than one percent of the total mass, are mixed with water.
  • the water volume used to dissolve or suspend the trace species is typically twenty percent of the bulk components mass (in grams). For example, if the bulk components weigh one kilogram or one thousand grams, then two hundred milliliters of water is used to dissolve and solubilize the remaining species, many of which are nutrients. This chemically enriched solution is then added and mixed in with the bulk material. Additional water is added until the material reaches a proper texture where it will dry and harden.
  • This nutrient enriched concrete mixture is poured into a mold and allowed to dry.
  • the exact composition can vary according to physical and chemical conditions as well as the marine organism that is sought during the grow -out process. For example, when growing oysters or corals, organisms that have a high demand for calcium carbonate, a significant part of the additives to the cement in its transition to concrete is limestone dust. Likewise, scientific studies have shown that corals are very dependent on twelve specific amino acids for their growth; subsequently, these make up about 0.0003% of the final concrete mixture by mass percentage. Similarly, some chemicals are minimized to remove unwanted growth.
  • the addition of high levels of phosphate can result in high growth rates of unwanted algae that can coat the cement material with a green matt preventing other species, such as corals, from nucleating to the surface and growing.
  • concrete mixtures can result in a material that has a high or low pH which is the result of additives such as fly ash.
  • an amphiprotic species such as sodium bicarbonate is added to serve as a buffer. As the concrete saturates, the electrolyte dissociates and forms inert sodium ions and bicarbonate ions.
  • the bicarbonate ions quickly pick up a hydrogen ion or neutralize hydroxide ions; this serves as a buffer and maintains the pH of the surface in the 6-8 range which is the condition needed for living creatures to survive.
  • the actual pH can be fine-tuned to be slightly acidic or slightly basic, as required by a specific organism.
  • Iron levels and the form that iron is delivered in can be important for various marine organisms. Iron is often contained in cement in relatively high concentrations as insoluble iron oxide. This form can be very difficult or impossible for most marine creatures to dissolve and consume. Iron is a limiting nutrient in the marine environment, so its availability is critical for the survival of many life forms. Given these conditions, iron may be added to concrete mixtures as a salt (i.e. iron (III) chloride) or in a complex (i.e. iron-hemogloblin) so that it can be used by marine species.
  • a salt i.e. iron (III) chloride
  • iron-hemogloblin complex
  • Sugars can be delivered in different forms such as mono, di and trisaccharides. Higher quantities of sugar can be used to trigger the rapid growth of biofilms that are composed largely of bacteria. These biofilms are of great use in searching the ocean for marine natural products or drugs that come from the sea. Bacterial biofilms are also a food source for many marine creatures of higher trophic levels and can serve as a starting point for an ecosystem.
  • Natural polymers such as cellulose, starch, lignin and chitin can be added to serve as an organic nutrient as well as a material to slightly weaken the concrete contributing to its ability to biodegrade over time. The state and condition of these compounds can also be important.
  • some fresh (green) pine needles were ground up and added to a mixture at approximately 0-2% of the total mass.
  • the material contained potential nutrients such as chlorophyll, sap and cell components.
  • fresh chitin from shrimp shells were ground up and added at a low total mass percent (approximately 0.1%). When added, the chitin was covered with a bacterial film that was incorporated into the nutrient enriched concrete giving it an additional component that contributed to its bioactivity.
  • Some chemical species are required at trace levels in order for life to be sustained. These include species such as copper and manganese. These species can also be toxic at higher concentrations to many forms of life. Their levels in the final concrete structure are on the order of tens of parts per million providing an essential nutrient that is below toxic levels.
  • nutrients comprise the mass percentages as follows: 100 parts Portland cement, 35 parts calcium carbonate sand, 2 parts silica based sand, 2 parts sodium bicarbonate, 0.01 parts sum total of sugars, 0.01 parts sum total of vitamins, 0.005 parts sum total of essential amino acids, 0.01 parts sum total of nitrate, ammonium and phosphate, 0.1 parts sea salts, 0.1 parts cellulose and chitin, 0.001 parts starch, and 0.001 parts total iron, copper and zinc chloride.

Abstract

De nombreux types de récifs artificiels ont été déployés dans les océans, les baies et les estuaires du monde. Cela va de bateaux coulés à des débris de construction dispersés. Dans la plupart des approches, le matériau placé dans l'environnement marin ne possède pas les nutriments nécessaires à la croissance ou à des conditions chimiques appropriées nécessaires pour permettre l'apparition de la vie et assurer la survie. La solution selon l'invention porte sur du béton constitué à la fois de composants inorganiques et organiques. Les composants inorganiques sont choisis pour inclure des espèces qui seront utilisées pour créer une surface réceptrice pour permettre l'apparition de la vie et assurer la survie. De plus, d'autres conditions telles que le pH, la toxicité chimique, les niveaux de nutriments et la biodégradabilité sont pris en compte dans la formulation. De plus, il existe un composant organique qui fait partie du mélange de concentration qui fournit des nutriments à l'état de trace et sert à affaiblir les structures de sorte qu'elles soient biodégradables dans le temps. Le béton biodégradable libère lentement de petites quantités de ressources (pendant des mois et des années) fournissant un flux stable de nutriments essentiels.
PCT/US2016/000030 2016-04-04 2016-04-04 Substrat minéral enrichi en nutriments pour perpétuer la vie marine WO2017176234A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/US2016/000030 WO2017176234A2 (fr) 2016-04-04 2016-04-04 Substrat minéral enrichi en nutriments pour perpétuer la vie marine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2016/000030 WO2017176234A2 (fr) 2016-04-04 2016-04-04 Substrat minéral enrichi en nutriments pour perpétuer la vie marine

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WO2017176234A3 WO2017176234A3 (fr) 2018-03-01

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110451918A (zh) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-15 辽宁科大中驰镁建材科技有限公司 一种硼泥氯氧镁海洋生态鱼礁及其制备方法

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US5290407A (en) * 1986-05-16 1994-03-01 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. System for controlling corrosion in an environment in which thin layers of low-pH corrosive fluids are formed
CN1151091C (zh) * 2001-12-21 2004-05-26 许文年 混凝土绿化添加剂的制备方法
US20130004993A1 (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 University System of Georgia Green Chemical Process to Produce Natural Products
AU2014217435B2 (en) * 2013-02-14 2016-03-17 Econcrete Tech Ltd. Methods and matrices for promoting fauna and flora growth
CN103553505A (zh) * 2013-11-25 2014-02-05 济南大学 一种肥效缓释型硅酸盐水泥基胶凝材料
US20150230434A1 (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-20 Thomas J. Manning Application of Green Technology Techniques to Construct a Biodegradable Artificial Reef
CN105036956B (zh) * 2015-08-05 2018-09-14 杭州兴润筛网有限公司 复合型植被混凝土绿化添加剂

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110451918A (zh) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-15 辽宁科大中驰镁建材科技有限公司 一种硼泥氯氧镁海洋生态鱼礁及其制备方法

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