WO2017173808A1 - 弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤 - Google Patents

弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤 Download PDF

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WO2017173808A1
WO2017173808A1 PCT/CN2016/102822 CN2016102822W WO2017173808A1 WO 2017173808 A1 WO2017173808 A1 WO 2017173808A1 CN 2016102822 W CN2016102822 W CN 2016102822W WO 2017173808 A1 WO2017173808 A1 WO 2017173808A1
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fluorine
inner cladding
cladding layer
optical fiber
doped
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PCT/CN2016/102822
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English (en)
French (fr)
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莫琦
黄丽洁
喻煌
刘骋
陈文�
余志强
王冬香
蔡冰峰
陈黎明
史惠萍
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烽火通信科技股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/766,837 priority Critical patent/US10295737B2/en
Priority to KR1020187015600A priority patent/KR20180102061A/ko
Priority to EP16897740.3A priority patent/EP3441806B1/en
Priority to ES16897740T priority patent/ES2907628T3/es
Publication of WO2017173808A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017173808A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
    • G02B6/0365—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - - +
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • G02B1/045—Light guides
    • G02B1/046—Light guides characterised by the core material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • G02B1/045—Light guides
    • G02B1/048—Light guides characterised by the cladding material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of single mode fibers, and in particular to a radiation insensitive single mode fiber that is insensitive to bending.
  • the existing radiation-resistant optical fibers are mainly classified into three types, namely, a multi-mode fiber of 50 micrometer core diameter, a multimode fiber of 62.5 micrometer core diameter, and a single mode fiber.
  • the existing waveguide structure of the radiation-resistant single-mode fiber does not have the bending resistance and cannot be applied under a very small bending radius, for example, in a small optical device. Therefore, the existing radiation-resistant single-mode fiber is greatly restricted in practical applications, and improving the bending resistance of the radiation-resistant fiber is a development trend of the radiation-resistant single-mode fiber.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above background art and to provide a radiation-insensitive radiation-resistant single-mode optical fiber, which is attached in a bent state compared with the existing radiation-resistant single-mode optical fiber.
  • the loss is greatly reduced, the bending resistance is strong, that is, it is not sensitive to bending; at the same time, the single-mode fiber has strong radiation resistance.
  • the invention provides a radiation-insensitive radiation-resistant single-mode optical fiber, which comprises a core layer, an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer arranged in order from the inside to the outside, and the core layer, the inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer.
  • the inner cladding comprises a first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer arranged from the inside to the outside, and a second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer, the core layer and the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer are not doped with germanium elements, and other metals
  • the impurity and the phosphorus element concentration are all less than 0.1 ppm; in the mass percentage, the fluorine element content in the core layer is 0-0.45%, the chlorine element content is 0.01%-0.10%; the fluorine in the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer
  • the element concentration is 1.00% to 1.55%, and the fluorine element concentration in the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is 3.03% to 5.00%.
  • the maximum value ⁇ 1 max of the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is 0.13% to 0.30%; the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer and the second fluorine-doped inner layer
  • the maximum value of the relative refractive index difference of the inner cladding layer is ⁇ 2 max of 0.40% to 0.96%, the refractive index of the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is smaller than the refractive index of the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer, and the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is outsourced.
  • the maximum value of the relative refractive index difference of the layer ⁇ 3 max is -0.28% to -1.09%.
  • the maximum value ⁇ 1 max of the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is 0.30%; the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is opposite to the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer.
  • the maximum value of the refractive index difference ⁇ 2 max is -0.61%
  • the maximum value ⁇ 3 max of the maximum value of the relative refractive index difference between the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer is -0.91%.
  • the single mode fiber has an attenuation coefficient of 0.322 dB/km at a wavelength of 1310 nm, an attenuation coefficient of 0.185 dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and an attenuation coefficient of 0.186 dB/km at a wavelength of 1625 nm. .
  • the single mode fiber has a bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm of 0.11 dB and a bending loss of 0.21 dB at a wavelength of 1625 nm when it is wound one turn at a bending diameter of 10 mm.
  • the radius R1 of the core layer is 3.9-4.3 ⁇ m
  • the radius R2 of the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is 5-34 ⁇ m
  • the radius R3 of the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is 22 ⁇ 48 ⁇ m.
  • the radius R1 of the core layer is 4 ⁇ m;
  • the radius R2 of the fluorine-doped inner cladding is 30 ⁇ m, and the radius R3 of the second fluorine-doped inner cladding is 46 ⁇ m.
  • the irradiation additional loss of the single mode fiber at the wavelength of 1310 nm is less than 14.8 dB/km.
  • the single-mode optical fiber is coated with a fiber coating layer, and the fiber coating layer is made of one or two kinds of high temperature resistant acrylic resin, silicone rubber, polyimide, carbon or metal. to make.
  • the present invention introduces a fluorine-doped double-clad structure with a refractive index recessed around the core layer of the optical fiber, which can adjust the power distribution and limiting capability of the optical electromagnetic field, and the power of the high-order mode can pass the refractive index of the fluorine-doped double-clad structure.
  • the channel leaks rapidly, which can greatly reduce the additional loss of the fiber under bending state.
  • the fiber has strong bending resistance, that is, the fiber is not sensitive to bending, thereby expanding the application environment of the fiber.
  • the fluorine-doped double-clad structure can absorb part of the radiation before the radiation line passes through the fluorine-doped double-clad structure of the present invention, thereby reducing structural defects caused by radiation of the core layer and improving the radiation resistance of the optical fiber. ability.
  • the existing fiber core layers are doped with antimony element, which causes Rayleigh scattering loss of the core material, and the attenuation coefficient of the fiber is high; the present invention does not dope the core layer, which greatly reduces the Rayleigh scattering loss can ensure that the fiber has a lower attenuation coefficient in the 1310nm window, lowering the attenuation of the fiber, and lowering the transmission loss.
  • the absence of antimony in the core layer can also reduce the sensitivity of the fiber to irradiation.
  • the invention also controls the content of other metal impurities and phosphorus elements in the core layer and the cladding layer, and is doped with a certain amount of fluorine element in proportion to further reduce the radiation damage of the optical fiber.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a radiation-insensitive radiation-resistant single-mode optical fiber in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the refractive index of a radiation-insensitive radiation-resistant single-mode optical fiber in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a radiation-insensitive radiation-resistant single-mode optical fiber, including a core layer 1 , an inner cladding layer, an outer cladding layer 4 , a core layer 1 , an inner cladding layer, and an inner cladding layer, which are arranged in order from the inside to the outside.
  • the material of the outer cladding layer 4 is quartz, wherein the inner cladding layer comprises a first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 2 and a second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 3 arranged from the inside to the outside, and the core layer 1 and the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 2 are not doped.
  • Heterochrome element instrument analysis of cerium element concentration, less than 1ppm
  • other metal impurities and phosphorus element concentration are less than 0.1ppm
  • core layer 1 is doped with fluorine content of 0-0.45%, chlorine
  • the element content is 0.01% to 0.10%
  • the fluorine element concentration in the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 2 is 1.00% to 1.55%
  • the fluorine element concentration in the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 3 is 3.03% to 5.00%.
  • the core layer 1 is located at the center of the cross section of the optical fiber and is the main light guiding area of the optical fiber.
  • the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 2 and the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 3 are sequentially coated on the outer side of the core layer 1 .
  • An annular region doped with fluorine in the cross section of the optical fiber; the outer cladding 4 is coated on the outer side of the second fluorine-doped inner cladding 3.
  • the radius R1 of the core layer 1 is 3.9 to 4.3 ⁇ m
  • the radius R2 of the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 2 is 5 to 34 ⁇ m
  • the radius R3 of the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 3 is 22 to 48 ⁇ m
  • the radius R4 of the outer cladding layer 4 is 60.5. ⁇ 64.5 ⁇ m.
  • the maximum value of the relative refractive index difference between the core layer 1 and the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer ⁇ 1 max is 0.13% to 0.30%; the relative refractive index difference between the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 2 and the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 3
  • the maximum value ⁇ 2 max is 0.40% to 0.96%.
  • the refractive index of the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 3 is smaller than the refractive index of the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 2; the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer 3 and the outer cladding layer
  • the maximum value of the relative refractive index difference of ⁇ 3 max is -0.28% to -1.09%.
  • the single-mode optical fiber is further coated with a fiber coating layer, and the fiber coating layer is made of one or two kinds of high temperature resistant acrylic resin, silicone rubber, polyimide, carbon or metal. Different coating materials enable the fiber to adapt to different ambient temperatures.
  • the fiber coating layer is made of ultraviolet curing silicone rubber or high temperature resistant acrylic resin, the thickness of one side is 60 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, and the operating temperature of the single mode fiber is -40 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • the fiber coating layer is made of heat-curing silicone rubber, the thickness of one side is 20 ⁇ 4 ⁇ m, and the operating temperature of the single-mode fiber is -50 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • the thickness of one side is 15 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, and the operating temperature of the single mode fiber is -50 ° C to 400 ° C.
  • the thickness of one side is 15 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, and the operating temperature of the single mode fiber is -50 ° C to 350 ° C.
  • the fiber coating layer is made of metal, the thickness of one side is 15 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, and the operating temperature of the single mode fiber is -200°C ⁇ 700°C; the metal used is gold, silver, copper, aluminum or any two of them. An alloy of metals.
  • the detection method used in the embodiment of the present invention is to irradiate the optical fiber at a dose rate of 0.45 Gy/s using a cobalt-60 radiation source at a temperature of about 24 ° C, and the total dose is 2000 kGy.
  • a source of wavelength 1310 nm is used to measure the attenuation of the fiber caused by radiation. More details on the equipment and test procedures for plotting the post-radiation decay delta data in Table 1 can be found in the following publications: Jochen Kuhnhenn, Stefan Klaus and Udo Weinand, Quality Assurance for Irradiation Tests of Optical Fibers: Uncertainty and Reproducibility, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 56, No. 4, August 2009, at 2160-2166.
  • the attenuation coefficient of the bend-insensitive radiation-resistant single-mode fiber provided by the present invention is greatly reduced compared with the conventional radiation-resistant single-mode fiber, and the bending loss is also greatly optimized.
  • the layer material ensures that the fiber has good radiation resistance and high temperature resistance.
  • the gamma irradiation dose is 2000 kGy
  • the single mode fiber has an additional radiation loss of less than 14.8 dB/km at a wavelength of 1310 nm.
  • the bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.11 to 0.31 dB
  • the bending loss at a wavelength of 1625 nm is 0.21 to 0.42 dB.
  • the bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm is at least 0.08 dB
  • the bending loss at a wavelength of 1625 nm is at least 0.25 dB.
  • Embodiment 6 The percentage of fluorine element doped in the single-mode optical fiber core layer in Example 6 is 0.3%, the chlorine element content is 0.1%, and the fluorine element concentration in the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is 1.55%, second. The fluorine element concentration in the fluorine-doped inner cladding was 4.09%.
  • the radius R1 of the single-mode optical fiber core layer is 4 ⁇ m
  • the radius R2 of the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is 30 ⁇ m
  • the radius R3 of the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is 46 ⁇ m
  • the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer The maximum value ⁇ 1 max is 0.30%
  • the maximum value of the relative refractive index difference between the first fluorine-doped inner cladding layer and the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer is ⁇ 2 max is -0.61%
  • the second fluorine-doped inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer 4 are relatively refracted.
  • the maximum value of the rate difference ⁇ 3 max was -0.91%.
  • the bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.11 dB, and the bending loss at a wavelength of 1625 nm is 0.21 dB;
  • the attenuation coefficient of the single-mode fiber at a wavelength of 1310 nm is 0.322. dB/km, the attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.185 dB/km, and the attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 1625 nm is 0.186 dB/km.
  • n i is the refractive index in the core or cladding 1300nm wavelength
  • n 0 is the refractive index of the outer cladding adjacent 1300nm wavelength.

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Abstract

一种弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，包括由内至外依次排列的芯层（1）、内包层（2，3）和外包层（4），芯层（1）、内包层（2，3）和外包层（4）的材质均为石英。内包层（2，3）包括由内至外排列的第一掺氟内包层（2）和第二掺氟内包层（3），芯层（1）和第一掺氟内包层（2）均不掺杂锗元素，其他金属杂质以及磷元素浓度均低于0.1ppm。以质量百分比计，芯层（1）中掺杂的氟元素含量为0～0.45％，氯元素含量为0.01％～0.10％；第一掺氟内包层（2）中的氟元素浓度为1.00％～1.55％，第二掺氟内包层（3）中的氟元素浓度为3.03％～5.00％。与现有的耐辐照单模光纤相比，该单模光纤在弯曲状态下的附加损耗大幅降低，抗弯曲性能较强，即对弯曲不敏感；同时，该单模光纤的耐辐射能力也较强。

Description

弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤 技术领域
本发明涉及单模光纤领域，具体是涉及一种弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤。
背景技术
近年来，航空航天领域以及核电领域越来越多的采用光纤进行数据传输以及光纤传感，但是上述环境中大量存在着电离辐射，电离辐射会大幅增加光纤的附加损耗，降低光纤的使用寿命。因此，航空航天领域以及核电领域需要采用耐辐照光纤。
现有的耐辐照光纤主要分为三类，分别是50微米芯径的多模光纤、62.5微米芯径的多模光纤以及单模光纤。现有的耐辐照单模光纤的波导结构并不具备抗弯能力，无法在极小弯曲半径的条件下应用，例如，应用于小型光学器件。因此，现有的耐辐照单模光纤在实际应用中受到极大的制约，提高耐辐照光纤的抗弯曲性能是耐辐照单模光纤的发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述背景技术的不足，提供一种弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，与现有的耐辐照单模光纤相比，该单模光纤在弯曲状态下的附加损耗大幅降低，抗弯曲性能较强，即对弯曲不敏感；同时，该单模光纤的耐辐射能力也较强。
本发明提供一种弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，包括由内至外依次排列的芯层、内包层、外包层，所述芯层、内包层、外包层的材 质均为石英，所述内包层包括由内至外排列的第一掺氟内包层、第二掺氟内包层，所述芯层和第一掺氟内包层均不掺杂锗元素，其他金属杂质以及磷元素浓度均低于0.1ppm；以质量百分比计，芯层中掺杂的氟元素含量为0～0.45％，氯元素含量为0.01％～0.10％；第一掺氟内包层中的氟元素浓度为1.00％～1.55％，第二掺氟内包层中的氟元素浓度为3.03％～5.00％。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述芯层与第一掺氟内包层的相对折射率差的最大值△1max为0.13％～0.30％；所述第一掺氟内包层与第二掺氟内包层的相对折射率差的最大值△2max为0.40％～0.96％，第二掺氟内包层的折射率小于第一掺氟内包层的折射率；所述第二掺氟内包层与外包层的相对折射率差的最大值△3max为-0.28％～-1.09％。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述芯层与第一掺氟内包层的相对折射率差的最大值△1max为0.30％；所述第一掺氟内包层与第二掺氟内包层相对折射率差的最大值△2max为-0.61％，第二掺氟内包层与外包层相对折射率差最大值的最大值△3max为-0.91％。
在上述技术方案的基础上，该单模光纤在1310nm波长处的衰减系数为0.322dB/km，在1550nm波长处的衰减系数为0.185dB/km，在1625nm波长处的衰减系数为0.186dB/km。
在上述技术方案的基础上，该单模光纤在10mm弯曲直径下卷绕一圈时，在1550nm波长处的弯曲损耗为0.11dB，在1625nm波长处的弯曲损耗为0.21dB。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述芯层的半径R1为3.9～4.3μm，所述第一掺氟内包层的半径R2为5～34μm，所述第二掺氟内包层的半径R3为22～48μm。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述芯层的半径R1为4μm；第一 掺氟内包层的半径R2为30μm，第二掺氟内包层的半径R3为46μm。
在上述技术方案的基础上，伽马辐照剂量为2000kGy时，该单模光纤在1310nm波长处的辐照附加损耗小于14.8dB/km。
在上述技术方案的基础上，该单模光纤外包覆有光纤涂覆层，光纤涂覆层采用耐高温的丙烯酸树脂、硅橡胶、聚酰亚胺、碳或金属中的1～2种制成。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点如下：
(1)本发明在光纤芯层周围引入折射率下凹的掺氟双包层结构，能够调节光波电磁场的功率分布与限制能力，高阶模式的功率能够通过掺氟双包层结构的折射率沟道迅速泄露，从而能够大幅降低光纤在弯曲状态下的附加损耗，光纤的抗弯曲性能较强，即光纤对弯曲不敏感，从而能够扩展光纤的应用环境。
(2)当辐照射线通过本发明的掺氟双包层结构到达芯层之前，该掺氟双包层结构还能够吸收部分辐射，减少芯层因辐射造成的结构缺陷，提高光纤的耐辐射能力。
(3)现有的光纤芯层均掺杂有锗元素，锗元素会导致芯层材料的瑞利散射损耗，光纤的衰减系数较高；本发明不对芯层进行锗元素掺杂，大幅降低了瑞利散射损耗，能够保证光纤在1310nm窗口具备较低的衰减系数，降低光纤的衰减，传输损耗较低。同时，芯层中不掺杂锗元素也能够降低光纤对辐照的敏感性。本发明还控制了芯层以及包层中其他金属杂质以及磷元素的含量，并按照比例掺杂了一定量的氟元素，进一步降低光纤的辐射损伤。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤的截面示意图；
图2是本发明实施例中弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤的折射率剖面示意图。
附图标记：1—芯层，2—第一掺氟内包层，3—第二掺氟内包层，4—外包层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
参见图1所示，本发明实施例提供一种弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，包括由内至外依次排列的芯层1、内包层、外包层4，芯层1、内包层、外包层4的材质均为石英，其中，内包层包括由内至外排列的第一掺氟内包层2、第二掺氟内包层3，芯层1和第一掺氟内包层2均不掺杂锗元素(仪器分析锗元素浓度，低于1ppm)，其他金属杂质以及磷元素浓度均低于0.1ppm；以质量百分比计，芯层1中掺杂的氟元素含量为0～0.45％，氯元素含量为0.01％～0.10％；第一掺氟内包层2中的氟元素浓度为1.00％～1.55％，第二掺氟内包层3中的氟元素浓度为3.03％～5.00％。
参见图1所示，芯层1位于光纤横截面的中心，是光纤的主要导光区域；第一掺氟内包层2和第二掺氟内包层3依次包覆于芯层1的外侧，是光纤横截面中掺杂有氟元素的环形区域；外包层4包覆于第二掺氟内包层3外侧。芯层1的半径R1为3.9～4.3μm，第一掺氟内包层2的半径R2为5～34μm，第二掺氟内包层3的半径R3为22～48μm，外包层4的半径R4为60.5～64.5μm。
芯层1与第一掺氟内包层2的相对折射率差的最大值△1max为0.13％～0.30％；第一掺氟内包层2与第二掺氟内包层3的相对折射率差的最大值△2max为0.40％～0.96％，参见图2所示，第二掺氟内包层3的折射率小于第一掺氟内包层2的折射率；第二掺氟内包层3与外 包层4的相对折射率差的最大值△3max为-0.28％～-1.09％。
该单模光纤外还包覆有光纤涂覆层，光纤涂覆层采用耐高温的丙烯酸树脂、硅橡胶、聚酰亚胺、碳或金属中的1～2种制成。不同的涂层材料能够使得光纤适应不同的环境温度。当光纤涂覆层采用紫外固化硅橡胶或耐高温的丙烯酸树脂制成时，单边厚度为60±5μm，该单模光纤的工作温度为-40℃～150℃。光纤涂覆层采用热固化硅橡胶制成时，单边厚度为20±4μm，该单模光纤的工作温度为-50℃～150℃。光纤涂覆层采用热固化聚酰亚胺制成时，单边厚度为15±3μm，该单模光纤的工作温度为-50℃～400℃。光纤涂覆层采用碳制成时，单边厚度为15±3μm，该单模光纤的工作温度为-50℃～350℃。光纤涂覆层采用金属制成时，单边厚度为15±3μm，该单模光纤的工作温度为-200℃～700℃；所采用的金属为金、银、铜、铝或者其中任意两种金属的合金。
下面结合7个具体的实施例对本发明做出详细的说明。
本发明实施例中采用的检测方法为：在约24℃的温度下，使用钴-60放射源以0.45Gy/s的剂量率对光纤进行照射，总剂量为2000kGy。在照射期间，使用波长1310nm的光源来测量光纤由辐射引起的衰减。可以在以下出版物中得到表1中辐射后衰减增量数据的标绘的设备和测试过程的更多详细内容：Jochen Kuhnhenn，Stefan Klaus and Udo Weinand，Quality Assurance for Irradiation Tests of Optical Fibers：Uncertainty and Reproducibility，IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science，Vol.56，No.4，August 2009，at 2160-2166。
实施例1～7以及检测数据参见表1所示。
表1、实施例1～7以及检测数据
Figure PCTCN2016102822-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016102822-appb-000002
由表1可以看出，与常规耐辐照单模光纤相比，本发明提供的弯曲不敏感耐辐照单模光纤的衰减系数大幅降低，同时弯曲损耗也得到极大的优化，多种涂层材料保证光纤同时具备较好抗辐射能力和耐高温能力。伽马辐照剂量为2000kGy时，该单模光纤在1310nm波长处的辐照附加损耗小于14.8dB/km。该单模光纤在10mm弯曲直径下卷绕一圈时，在1550nm波长处的弯曲损耗为0.11～0.31dB，在1625nm波长处的弯曲损耗为0.21～0.42dB。该单模光纤在15mm弯曲直径下卷绕一圈时，在1550nm波长处的弯曲损耗最小为0.08dB，在1625nm波长处的弯曲损耗最小为0.25dB。
其中，最佳实施例是实施例6。以质量百分比计，实施例6中的单模光纤芯层中掺杂的氟元素含量为0.3％，氯元素含量为0.1％；第一掺氟内包层中的氟元素浓度为1.55％，第二掺氟内包层中的氟元素浓度为4.09％。该单模光纤芯层的半径R1为4μm，第一掺氟内包层的半径R2为30μm，第二掺氟内包层的半径R3为46μm；芯层与第一掺氟内包层的相对折射率差的最大值△1max为0.30％，第一掺氟内包层与第二掺氟内包层相对折射率差的最大值△2max为-0.61％，第二掺氟内包层与外包层4相对折射率差的最大值△3max为-0.91％。
该单模光纤在10mm弯曲直径下卷绕一圈时，在1550nm波长处的弯曲损耗为0.11dB，在1625nm波长处的弯曲损耗为0.21dB；该单模光纤在1310nm波长处的衰减系数为0.322dB/km，在1550nm波长处的衰减系数为0.185dB/km，在1625nm波长处的衰减系数为0.186dB/km。
本发明中涉及的计算公式如下：
相对折射率差：
Figure PCTCN2016102822-appb-000003
其中，ni为芯层或包层在1300nm波长的折射率，n0为相邻外侧包层在1300nm波长的折射率。
本领域的技术人员可以对本发明实施例进行各种修改和变型，倘若这些修改和变型在本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则这些修改和变型也在本发明的保护范围之内。
说明书中未详细描述的内容为本领域技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，包括由内至外依次排列的芯层(1)、内包层、外包层(4)，所述芯层(1)、内包层、外包层(4)的材质均为石英，其特征在于：所述内包层包括由内至外排列的第一掺氟内包层(2)、第二掺氟内包层(3)，所述芯层(1)和第一掺氟内包层(2)均不掺杂锗元素，其他金属杂质以及磷元素浓度均低于0.1ppm；以质量百分比计，芯层(1)中掺杂的氟元素含量为0～0.45％，氯元素含量为0.01％～0.10％；第一掺氟内包层(2)中的氟元素浓度为1.00％～1.55％，第二掺氟内包层(3)中的氟元素浓度为3.03％～5.00％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，其特征在于：所述芯层(1)与第一掺氟内包层(2)的相对折射率差的最大值△1max为0.13％～0.30％；所述第一掺氟内包层(2)与第二掺氟内包层(3)的相对折射率差的最大值△2max为0.40％～0.96％，第二掺氟内包层(3)的折射率小于第一掺氟内包层(2)的折射率；所述第二掺氟内包层(3)与外包层(4)的相对折射率差的最大值△3max为-0.28％～-1.09％。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，其特征在于：所述芯层(1)与第一掺氟内包层(2)的相对折射率差的最大值△1max为0.30％；所述第一掺氟内包层(2)与第二掺氟内包层(3)相对折射率差的最大值△2max为-0.61％，第二掺氟内包层(3)与外包层相对折射率差最大值的最大值△3max为-0.91％。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，其特征在于：该单模光纤在1310nm波长处的衰减系数为0.322dB/km，在1550nm波长处的衰减系数为0.185dB/km，在1625nm波长处的衰减 系数为0.186dB/km。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，其特征在于：该单模光纤在10mm弯曲直径下卷绕一圈时，在1550nm波长处的弯曲损耗为0.11dB，在1625nm波长处的弯曲损耗为0.21dB。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，其特征在于：所述芯层(1)的半径R1为3.9～4.3μm，所述第一掺氟内包层(2)的半径R2为5～34μm，所述第二掺氟内包层(3)的半径R3为22～48μm。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，其特征在于：所述芯层(1)的半径R1为4μm；第一掺氟内包层(2)的半径R2为30μm，第二掺氟内包层(3)的半径R3为46μm。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，其特征在于：伽马辐照剂量为2000kGy时，该单模光纤在1310nm波长处的辐照附加损耗小于14.8dB/km。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的弯曲不敏感的耐辐照单模光纤，其特征在于：该单模光纤外包覆有光纤涂覆层，光纤涂覆层采用耐高温的丙烯酸树脂、硅橡胶、聚酰亚胺、碳或金属中的1～2种制成。
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