WO2017168153A1 - Garniture pour vanne de régulation - Google Patents

Garniture pour vanne de régulation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017168153A1
WO2017168153A1 PCT/GB2017/050886 GB2017050886W WO2017168153A1 WO 2017168153 A1 WO2017168153 A1 WO 2017168153A1 GB 2017050886 W GB2017050886 W GB 2017050886W WO 2017168153 A1 WO2017168153 A1 WO 2017168153A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trim
flow
fluid
control valve
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2017/050886
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Matthew CHARLTON
Kenneth Gibson
Sozon TSOPANOS
Original Assignee
Weir Valves & Controls Uk Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2016901202A external-priority patent/AU2016901202A0/en
Application filed by Weir Valves & Controls Uk Limited filed Critical Weir Valves & Controls Uk Limited
Priority to KR1020187030950A priority Critical patent/KR20180125569A/ko
Priority to CN201780021929.4A priority patent/CN109073114A/zh
Publication of WO2017168153A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017168153A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/08—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for decreasing pressure or noise level and having a throttling member separate from the closure member, e.g. screens, slots, labyrinths

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to valves and, in particular, to control valves that control the pressure reduction of high pressure fluids. Specifically, the disclosure relates to trims disposed in the valves and through which the fluid flows. The disclosure also relates to method of forming the trims in a cost effective manner. BACKGROUND ART
  • Control valves act as a variable resistance within a pipeline, and it is this function that differentiates them from shut off valves, which are normally in either the closed or full open positions.
  • control valves are a mechanism for dissipating energy; when the pressure is dropped across the system and the excess fluid energy is dissipated through noise, heat and vibration.
  • vapour bubbles are formed which collapse and reduces valve's remaining useful life
  • the trim comprises multiple concentric cylindrical sleeves and is known as a cage.
  • the sleeves are radially perforated with the perforations of adjacent sleeves being offset to cause the fluid to flow in a tortuous path.
  • the sleeves may be separated by intermediate annular passages which allow the fluid passing therethrough to expand before it then has to contract to pass through the perforations of the next sleeve.
  • the specific geometric arrangement of such designs can be configured as desired to allow the pressure of the fluid of each stream to drop in relatively small increments and in many stages.
  • the trim takes the form of a stack of discs where the fluid path is machined into one or both facing surfaces of adjacent discs.
  • each disc in the stack is formed as an annulus and includes four independent channels that permit fluid to flow from an outer perimeter of the plate to an interior cavity where fluid from each of the four channels (and the channels of all of the stacked plates) combines into a single outflow from the control valve.
  • Each channel on each disc is formed with a series of concentrically disposed arrays of columnar obstructions. As a consequence, the fluid has several alternative flow paths through the channel.
  • Morton states that the separate and discrete flow obstructions (i.e. obstructing members) "serve to separate incident fluid into separate streams that then pass around the obstructing member and recombine downstream before being separated again when incident on an obstructing member in a subsequent row.
  • the separation and convergence of the flow together with the usual frictional drag effects cause a smooth pressure drop and therefore energy reduction in the fluid.
  • the repeated separation and convergence imparts a greater pressure reduction.
  • the flow obstructing members of one row are offset laterally from those of an adjacent row in the direction of fluid flow. This arrangement is designed to ensure that the downstream flows of fluid from one row are directed to be incident directly on the obstructing members of the subsequent row.
  • the separation and convergence of the flow together with the usual frictional drag effects causes a smooth pressure drop and therefore energy reduction in the fluid. By increasing the number of rows, the repeated separation and convergence imparts a greater pressure reduction.”
  • the plates are manufactured by EDM (electric discharge machining) which is a thermal erosion process where metal is removed by a series of electric discharges between an electrode and a conductive work piece, all in the presence of a dielectric liquid. The discharge results due to a voltage gap between the electrode and the work piece. Heat from the spark erodes small particles of the piece of material, which are then removed by flushing the liquid.
  • EDM electric discharge machining
  • EDM allows discs to be prepared to a high degree of specificity as required by industry for specific valve conditions and applications. In that sense, the designs of the discs in Morton is adaptable for those conditions and applications and the EDM process is versatile for providing custom design solutions.
  • EDM can be quite costly, especially when increasing the number of stages or the capacity of the disc.
  • EDM has relatively long lead times (of up to 10 weeks per disc), limiting the delivery times for original equipment, and also spares replacements.
  • ALM additive layer manufacturing
  • 3D printing additive layer manufacturing
  • the applicant has identified additive layer manufacturing (ALM - also known as 3D printing) as an option for reducing production times.
  • ALM additive layer manufacturing
  • the applicant has further identified that ALM can be used to print entire stacks of discs in a unitary construction. This means that, in addition to reducing production times, the trim can be produced as a single unit in a form ready for service or in a form close to the final form ready for service. In other words, the more costly and time consuming process of preparing the trim via EDM can be replaced with considerably faster production techniques.
  • the bulk of the production process, being the raw production of the entire trim, is expected to be less than 48 hours, and in some cases may be less than 20 hours. While finishing steps may be required to take the raw trim to a final form ready for service, the finishing steps are expected to take less than 2 weeks and most likely less than 1 week.
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • alternative ALM techniques may be used in place of SLM to achieve the same result. Accordingly, this disclosure is not limited to SLM and, therefore, other ALM techniques should be understood as being applicable to the concepts and trim designs disclosed or otherwise contemplated by the disclosure.
  • Adopting SLM to prepare trims is not straightforward because of the problem of printing levels of the trim over the flow paths. Specifically, the flow paths are vacant spaces in the final trim, but in the production process metallic powder must be deposited onto a surface so that it can be melted by a laser and thereby extend the surface. Forming a new level between flow paths (i.e. the equivalent of a floor of a disc in a trim comprising a stack of discs) requires a modified approach to SLM.
  • a ripple profile comprising a sinusoidal form, a concertina form or a scalloped form extending through the flow channel facilitates printing by SLM. More specifically, the ripple profile is selected to be hydrodynamically smooth and to provide sufficient gaps between floors such that flow is not restricted in certain paths. If flow is restricted, then the flow is preferentially directed to larger flow paths through which lower pressure drops and lower flow velocities occur. While preferential flow paths have a lower potential for cavitation and erosion, the trim has a reduced overall flow capacity.
  • the present disclosure provides a trim or a trim segment for a control valve, the trim or the trim segment having:
  • trim and trim segment design that has a non-flat profile for the platform that divides the flow passage.
  • the applicant understands that the non-flat platform profile is advantageous because it provides a smoother flow for fluid, thereby reducing cavitation and erosion and increasing the fluid flow capacity of the trim.
  • the non-flat platform profile may be a ripple profile extending from the outlet of the flow passage to the inlet of the flow passage.
  • the ripple profile may be a concertina profile, a sinusoidal wave profile or a scalloped profile.
  • the trim may be an annulus and the ripple profile may radiate through the platforms from a central vertical axis of the trim.
  • the trim segment may be a segment of an annular trim and the ripple profile may radiate through the platforms from a central vertical axis of the trim.
  • the obstruction members may be arranged in arrays between the inlet and the outlet and each array may have a size and shape selected so that the condition of the fluid is gradually changed as it flows through the flow paths.
  • Adjacent arrays may be offset so that, in the flow direction, the obstruction members are alternately located at peaks and troughs of the ripple profile.
  • the profile of one or more of the flow obstruction members may be selected to enhance the flow of fluid through the flow paths. The selection may be based on smoothing flow paths so that the trim has higher pressure drops and lower potential for cavitation and erosion.
  • One or more obstruction members may have a profile that includes a portion that is shaped to reduce recirculation of fluid at the surface of the obstruction members.
  • the portion may be a tapered portion extending from the or each obstruction member on an upstream side or downstream side of the obstruction member.
  • the profile of the or each obstruction member with the portion may have a teardrop shape.
  • control valve having an inlet and an outlet, a central chamber that links the inlet and the outlet, and a trim according to the first aspect that is located in the central chamber such that fluid flowing through the control valve enter the central chamber and flows radially through the trim to the outlet and a plunger that is operable to control the flow of fluid through the trim.
  • a third aspect provides a method of forming a trim or a trim segment for a control valve, the method comprising forming the trim or trim segment as an integral body by additive layer manufacturing (ALM).
  • the ALM may be selective laser melting (SLM).
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • the method may include forming the trim or the trim segment at an inclination from its normal operating orientation so that powder used in the ALM process is always supported on an underlying surface.
  • the method may include forming the trim with non-flat platforms which divide a flow passage through the trim into a series of flow paths and wherein the profile may be a ripple profile extending from an outlet of the flow passage to an inlet of the flow passage.
  • the method may include forming the ripple profile as a concertina profile, a sinusoidal wave profile or a scalloped profile.
  • the method may further include controlling conditions of the ALM to reduce residual internal stress in the trim or the trim segment.
  • the conditions may include hatch distance, point distance, powder layer thickness, powder size, powder material, laser spot size, exposure time and laser power.
  • Figure 1 is a cut-away vertical cross-section through a control valve that
  • Figure 2 is an isometric view of a trim with a portion cut-away to show the arrangement of obstruction members on a platform.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a trim formed on an angle by SLM and having an outer supporting jacket to reduce manufacturing defects.
  • Figure 4 is an isomeric view of a trim that is designed for production by SLM.
  • Figure 5 is a horizontal section (equivalent to a disc of a disc stack trim) of the trim in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the section shown in Figure 5.
  • a control valve 1 that incorporates a trim is shown in Figure 1.
  • the control valve 1 comprises a valve body 10 defining inlet and outlet conduits 11, 12 that in use are connected to pipes (not shown) that transport the fluid to and from the valve 1.
  • the fluid flow is shown by arrows marked F in Figure 1.
  • the valve 1 is intended to be bi-directional, such that the direction of fluid flow can be the reverse of that shown in Figure 1, and as described hereinbelow. The choice of fluid flow direction is dependent on the particular application.
  • valve body 10 Between the inlet and outlet conduits 11, 12 the valve body 10 defines a generally circular central chamber 8 into which a trim 13 is removably received.
  • the trim 13 is disposed on a generally circular disc or valve seat 14, and the trim 13 comprises an integrally formed body having a central circular aperture 19.
  • a valve cover 17 also known as a bonnet is fixed to the valve body 10 by bolts 18 (or other suitable means) so as to close the chamber 8 and retain the trim 13 in place.
  • a reciprocal plug 20 is slidably disposed within the central circular aperture 19.
  • the plug 20 is attached to one end of an elongate stem 21 that extends upwardly through a bore 22 in the cover 17 via a guide seal 23 and is reciprocal by means of an actuator (not shown) connected to the other (uppermost) end of the stem 21 and to the exterior of the valve cover 17.
  • the plug 20 is selectively moveable in an axial direction between a fully open position in which fluid flowing through the valve from the inlet to outlet conduits 11, 12 passes through the trim 13, and a closed position where the plug 20 is in abutment with the valve seat 14 and thereby blocks flow through the trim 13. Between these two positions, the plug 20 acts as a throttle by permitting only a predetermined volume of fluid flow, thereby determining the characteristics of the valve performance.
  • trim 13 is formed as an integral body by using selective laser melting (SLM).
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • the trim 13 comprises upper and lower end plates 24, 25 that are configured to fit the corresponding mating surfaces of the valve seat 14 and the valve body 10. Between the end plates 24, 25 are four radial flow passages 26 which are equi- angularly spaced around the trim 13 and separated by walls 29 (which extend between the outer and inner peripheries of the trim 13) so that the radial flow passages 25 correspond roughly with the four quadrants of the trim 13.
  • the flow passages 26 comprise other equally sized portions of the trim, such as fifths, thirds or halves of the trim separated by walls.
  • Each passage 26 is divided into a series of vertically separate flow paths 31 by a series of vertically spaced apart platforms 32. Projecting between the platforms 32 and terminating at each of the end plates 24, 25 are a plurality of discretely spaced columns 27 which are arranged in concentric annular circular rows.
  • the columns 27 are circular in cross section and reduce in individual cross sectional area from an inlet 33 of the flow path 31 which is located at the outer perimeter region of the trim 13 to an outlet 34 which is located at the inner perimeter of the trim 13.
  • the columns 27 are staggered in such a way that those of any particular annular circular row are circumferentially offset from those in the preceding and subsequent annular circular rows.
  • the fluid flow into the trim stack 13 is incident on the first (outermost) row of columns 27 (moving in the direction from the inlet 33 to the outlet 34) in each passage 26, and is divided into a plurality of smaller flow paths that pass between adjacent columns 27. As the fluid progresses to subsequent rows, it is again forced to divide as it passes around the front of each column 27. However, there is a convergence of the smaller flows downstream of the column 27.
  • the staggering of the columns 27 between adjacent annular circular rows is designed to direct the downstream fluid flow from between the columns of one row directly into the path of a column of the next row.
  • This constant fluid flow separation, the subsequent recombination and the frictional drag between the fluid and the curved surfaces of the columns 27 serves to reduce the energy and therefore the pressure of the fluid in stages, thereby providing a smooth pressure drop across the trim 13.
  • the specific design of the trim 13 can be varied according to the particular application, the flow direction and the flow characteristics that are required.
  • the spacing between columns 27 may increase from row to row in applications where it is necessary to increase the fluid flow area through the flow passage 26.
  • the size and the shape of the columns 27 may be varied depending on the nature of the fluid and the extent of change required in the fluid condition.
  • the number of annular rows may be increased or decreased as required to meet the intended effect of the control valve.
  • the trim is printed on an angle as shown in Figure 3. This enables metallic powder to be supported in position, such as the position of platforms 32 above flow paths 31, on surfaces in anticipation of melting by a laser.
  • the end result is a trim 13 integrally formed with a stem 15 and inclined to horizontal.
  • the trim is formed with an outer support jacket 3 that covers the inlets 33 and an inner support jacket 5 that covers the outlets 34. More specifically, these jackets 3 and 5 provide mechanical support to the trim 13 during production to reduce slumping of SLM formed components. Manufacturing the trim 13 by SLM provides advantages in terms of reduced production times and reduced production cost.
  • the Cvjotai of a control valve comprises the Cv of the trim, the valve body and the valve seat. Given that the valve body and the valve seat remain the same for the purposes of testing, changes in Cv are attributable to changes in the trim 13 from EDM manufacture to SLM manufacture. Trim type Valve opening Water temp (°C) rotal
  • test results show a reduction in Cv To tai of roughly 25% when the same trim 13 is manufactured using SLM. This is believed to be a result of increased surface roughness in the flow paths and also as a result of non-uniformity in the surface roughness on the flow paths. The latter is considered to be more important in terms of affecting the performance of the trim 13. It is thought that the nonuniform surface roughness causes preferred flow paths through the trim, thereby decreasing performance, rather than distributing fluid flow evenly through the trim 13.
  • the trim 40 differs from the earlier design trim 13 by incorporating profiled platforms 52.
  • the profiled platforms 52 provide a two-fold advantage in that they facilitate manufacture of the trim 40 by SLM by providing support surfaces for powder, and they also increase the effective flow area of the flow paths.
  • the profile of the platform 52 itself is that of a sinusoidal wave. The wave peaks and troughs radiate from a central vertical axis of the trim 40 so that the frequency of the wave is higher at the outlet 34 and lower at the inlet 33. The amplitude of the wave remains the same throughout the platform 52 (see Figure 5).
  • the rows of columns 27 are disposed alternatively at the peaks 54 and the troughs 56 of the wave profile.
  • This means that fluid entering the trim first encounters columns 58 located in troughs 56. As the fluid passes around such a column it is forced to flow upwardly from the trough 56 to the adjacent peak 54 located between adjacent columns 58. The flow then encounters the second row of columns 27 which are located on the peaks 54 so that the flow is forced to travel around these columns 27 and into an adjacent trough 56 where the flow then encounters the next row of columns 27.
  • the profile of the platforms 52 therefore, imparts vertical changes in direction to the fluid flow in additional to lateral changes to direction caused by the columns 27 and 58.
  • the trim 40 includes platforms 52 having a sinusoidal wave profile, it will be appreciated that alterative profiles may be adopted to have a similar effect.
  • the platforms may have a concertina profile or a scalloped profile in cross sectional shape.
  • the profile radiates from a central vertical axis of the trim 40 and the columns 27 and 58 are arranged in the same manner as described above, that is in annular arrays which are offset so that adjacent arrays are respectively located in peaks and troughs.
  • the trim 40 further differs from the trim 13 by having columns 58, which are located adjacent the inlet 33 and the outlet 34, formed with portions 60 that reduce recirculation of fluid at the surface of the columns 58.
  • the portions 60 take the form of tapered extensions on the upstream side of the columns 58 adjacent the inlet 33 and on the downstream side of the columns 58 adjacent the outlet 34. To be more specific, the portions 60 results in the columns having a tear-drop shape.
  • the portions 60 additionally assist with supporting areas of the platforms 52 that extend outside the arrays of columns 58 adjacent to the inlet 33 and the outlet 34.
  • the improved flow performance of the trim 40 is evident in the Cv measurement shown in Table 1. Specifically, the Cv To tai value is 28.3 which is a considerable improvement over trim 13 when produced by SLM. Although this is still less than the value for the trim 13 when produced by EDM, the lower Cv To tai value is understood to result primarily from the non-uniformity of the surface roughness.
  • Those conditions include hatch distance, point distance, powder layer thickness, powder size, powder material, laser spot size, exposure time and laser power.
  • SLM conditions examples are set out below in Table 2. It is relevant to note that the SLM conditions for preparing the trim 13 (denoted Trim A (SLM manufacture) in Table 1) are set out in the column marked “Original SLM Trim Test”. Additionally, the SLM conditions for preparing the trim 40 (denoted Trim B (SLM manufacture) in Table 1) are set out in the column marked "Version 5.2".
  • SLM may be used to produce aspects of a trim.
  • limitations on SLM machines limit the size of entire trims that may be produced.
  • the methods described above may be used to produce a segment of a larger trim, which when combined with complementary segments, forms an entire trim.
  • SLM may be used to produce a quadrant of a trim which can be combined with other trim quadrants also produced by SLM to form an entire trim.
  • SLM may be used to produce a disc for a trim formed by a stack of discs.
  • the trim may have the same profiled platform 52 of the trim 40 and may also have the tear-drop shaped columns 58 of the trim 40.
  • the disc may have different profiles that provide the benefits outlined above in terms of smoothing fluid flow and, thereby improving trim performance.
  • the word "comprise” and variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” are used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the apparatus and method as disclosed herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)

Abstract

Un aspect de l'invention concerne une garniture ou un segment de garniture pour une vanne de régulation, la garniture ou le segment de garniture comportant : (a) une entrée et une sortie, (b) un passage d'écoulement de fluide s'étendant entre l'entrée et la sortie et divisé par une série de plateformes espacées verticalement, et (c) des éléments d'obstruction d'écoulement s'étendant généralement verticalement à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement entre des plateformes adjacentes de façon à définir une série de trajets d'écoulement de fluide qui modifient l'état d'un fluide s'écoulant à travers la garniture ou le segment de garniture ; les plateformes ayant un profil non plat de telle sorte que les chemins d'écoulement comprennent des changements de direction latéraux et verticaux.
PCT/GB2017/050886 2016-03-31 2017-03-30 Garniture pour vanne de régulation WO2017168153A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020187030950A KR20180125569A (ko) 2016-03-31 2017-03-30 제어 밸브용 트림
CN201780021929.4A CN109073114A (zh) 2016-03-31 2017-03-30 用于控制阀的内件

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2016901202A AU2016901202A0 (en) 2016-03-31 Trim for control valve
AU2016901202 2016-03-31
AU2016901216 2016-04-01
AU2016901216A AU2016901216A0 (en) 2016-04-01 Trim for a control valve
GB1611344.1 2016-06-30
GB1611344.1A GB2549155B (en) 2016-03-31 2016-06-30 Trim for a control valve

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017168153A1 true WO2017168153A1 (fr) 2017-10-05

Family

ID=56891353

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2017/050886 WO2017168153A1 (fr) 2016-03-31 2017-03-30 Garniture pour vanne de régulation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
KR (1) KR20180125569A (fr)
CN (1) CN109073114A (fr)
GB (1) GB2549155B (fr)
WO (1) WO2017168153A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4327004A4 (fr) * 2021-04-22 2024-10-16 Celeros Flow Tech Llc Systèmes et procédés de fabrication d'une garniture d'empilement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113154093A (zh) * 2021-04-01 2021-07-23 西安交通大学 一种并联节流阀

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US4004613A (en) * 1975-09-09 1977-01-25 Dresser Industries, Inc. Flow control valve
WO2001069114A1 (fr) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-20 Hopkinsons Limited Dispositif servant a limiter l'energie d'un liquide
WO2014205099A1 (fr) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-24 California Institute Of Technology Ensembles cages d'écoulement
GB2520576A (en) * 2013-11-26 2015-05-27 Scott Crawford Method for manufacturing control valve components
WO2016043718A1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-24 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Étrangleur à disques empilés à étages multiples

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004613A (en) * 1975-09-09 1977-01-25 Dresser Industries, Inc. Flow control valve
WO2001069114A1 (fr) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-20 Hopkinsons Limited Dispositif servant a limiter l'energie d'un liquide
WO2014205099A1 (fr) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-24 California Institute Of Technology Ensembles cages d'écoulement
GB2520576A (en) * 2013-11-26 2015-05-27 Scott Crawford Method for manufacturing control valve components
WO2016043718A1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-24 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Étrangleur à disques empilés à étages multiples

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4327004A4 (fr) * 2021-04-22 2024-10-16 Celeros Flow Tech Llc Systèmes et procédés de fabrication d'une garniture d'empilement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201611344D0 (en) 2016-08-17
GB2549155A (en) 2017-10-11
CN109073114A (zh) 2018-12-21
GB2549155B (en) 2018-09-26
KR20180125569A (ko) 2018-11-23

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