WO2017166349A1 - 检测压力开关切换值的方法及装置 - Google Patents

检测压力开关切换值的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017166349A1
WO2017166349A1 PCT/CN2016/080363 CN2016080363W WO2017166349A1 WO 2017166349 A1 WO2017166349 A1 WO 2017166349A1 CN 2016080363 W CN2016080363 W CN 2016080363W WO 2017166349 A1 WO2017166349 A1 WO 2017166349A1
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Prior art keywords
value
pressure
rate
switching value
switching
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PCT/CN2016/080363
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵士春
张春莹
Original Assignee
北京康斯特仪表科技股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201610202573.1A external-priority patent/CN105842616B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610201765.0A external-priority patent/CN105785263B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610201532.0A external-priority patent/CN105865765B/zh
Application filed by 北京康斯特仪表科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 北京康斯特仪表科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP16896127.4A priority Critical patent/EP3438680B1/en
Priority to US16/089,502 priority patent/US11156517B2/en
Publication of WO2017166349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017166349A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of pressure detection, and particularly relates to a device for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch and a detecting method using the same.
  • a pressure switch is a commonly used pressure control device that switches the on/off state of a switch to give an alarm or control signal when the input pressure reaches (rises or falls) a predetermined value.
  • the pressure value at which the pressure switch is switched is called the pressure switch switching value, and includes the upper switching value and the lower switching value.
  • the pressure switch is used to control the start and stop of the pressure generating device or the pressure increase and the opening and closing of the pressure reducing valve, so that the pressure value of the pressure system can be controlled within a certain range.
  • the detection accuracy of the pressure switch switching value directly affects the pressure control accuracy, so the pressure switch needs to be verified before use to detect the pressure switch switching value.
  • the pressure sensitive component of the electronic pressure switch converts the pressure into an electrical signal, which is converted into a digital quantity after the signal conditioning circuit and A/D conversion, and then the pressure value is obtained by the processor operation, and the processor sets the pressure value and the user.
  • the value is compared to drive the switching element (such as mechanical relay, electronic switching element, etc.) to be turned on or off; the pressure sensitive element of the mechanical pressure switch (diaphragm, bellows, piston, etc.) converts the pressure into deformation, via mechanical After the mechanism is compared, the on/off state of the switching element is pushed.
  • the pressure switch has a pipeline input interface end and a switch output interface end, wherein the pipeline input interface end can be connected with a hydraulic pipeline or a pneumatic pipeline, forming a passage with an external pressure pipeline, and the output of the switch output interface is connected to a pressure switch.
  • the switching amount of the point action (including on-off output type, level output type, logic quantity output type, etc.) is used to access the control unit in the industrial control system for pressure control.
  • the existing pressure switch detecting system (for example, as shown in FIG. 4) connects the pressure source 100, the standard pressure gauge 101 and the pressure switch 103 through the equal pressure line 102 to form a passage, and the switch state acquiring unit 104 is connected to the pressure switch 103, and the measurement is performed.
  • the contact of the pressure switch 103 is turned on and off.
  • the pressure source 100 is slowly boosting and depressurizing the pressure switch 103.
  • the process is usually measured by manually listening to the sound and reading, and the multimeter is used to measure the on/off of the switch to judge the change of the switch, and the operator is required during the detection process. It is necessary to accurately and timely read the data while judging the change of the switch.
  • an aspect of the present invention is to provide a pressure switch that can be quickly completed.
  • a device for detecting the switching value of the pressure switch with good switching value detection, good repeatability, high accuracy, and convenient use.
  • a device for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch comprising a pressure generator connected to a pressure switch through a pressure line, further comprising a pressure control element, a pressure sensor and a controller provided with a data processing unit, the pressure sensor being mounted on the pressure line and Electrically connected to the controller, the pressure control element is electrically connected to the pressure generator for controlling the pressure generator, the pressure control element is electrically connected to the controller, and the data processing unit of the controller is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the pressure switch The data is acquired for analysis processing and corresponding control commands are generated and transmitted to the pressure generator via the pressure control element.
  • the controller further includes a storage unit electrically connected to the pressure control element, the pressure sensor, and performing data interaction, and having an interface for data interaction with the data processing unit.
  • the device for detecting the switching value of the pressure switch further comprises an electrical interface electrically connected to the controller, wherein the electrical interface is an integrated component provided with a plurality of interfaces, including a switch digital interface, a USB interface, a serial port, a wireless interface, and an ether. Network port.
  • the electrical interface is an integrated component provided with a plurality of interfaces, including a switch digital interface, a USB interface, a serial port, a wireless interface, and an ether. Network port.
  • the above apparatus for detecting a pressure switch switching value further includes an external device connected to the controller, the external device including a computer, a liquid crystal display or a touch screen.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch, which uses the device for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch to detect a switching value of a pressure switch, comprising the following steps:
  • the data processing unit of the controller acquires the pressure value of the pressure switch during the state transition in the boosting process by using the pressure sensor as the upper switching value initial value R 0 and the corresponding boosting rate as the boosting rate
  • the initial value v 10 or the pressure value when the pressure switch state is switched during the step-down process is taken as the lower switching value initial value F 0 and the corresponding depressurization rate as the depressurization rate initial value v 20 ;
  • the data processing unit transmits, to the pressure generator, an instruction for adjusting a pressure level (boost or step down) in the pressure line through the pressure control element, and obtaining a state of the pressure switch during the boosting process by the pressure sensor
  • the data processing unit obtains the maximum value of the upper switching value detection value including the initial value of the upper switching value or the lower switching value detection value including the initial value of the lower switching value acquired most recently or twice or more
  • the difference between the minimum value and the minimum value is compared with a predetermined amount ⁇ , and when the difference is greater than or equal to the predetermined amount ⁇ , the detection value acquisition step is returned; when the difference is smaller than the predetermined amount ⁇
  • the data processing unit uses the last switching value detection value or the lower switching value detection value that was acquired last time as the upper switching value of the pressure switch or Switch the value down and output.
  • the controller further includes a storage unit electrically connected to the pressure control element and the pressure sensor and performing data interaction, and having an interface for data interaction with the data processing unit, the data processing unit and The storage unit performs data interaction.
  • the detecting device further includes an electrical interface electrically connected to the controller, and the pressure switch transmits a signal of a switching action of the pressure switch to the controller through the electrical interface.
  • the detecting device further includes an external device, wherein the external device is connected to the controller through an electrical interface, and the electrical interface is an integrated component provided with a plurality of interfaces, including a switch digital
  • the external device may be one or more of a computer, a liquid crystal display and a touch screen.
  • the method of detecting the switching value of the pressure switch includes two schemes:
  • the pressure source 100 is slowly boosted and depressurized to the pressure switch 103.
  • This process is usually measured by manually listening to sound and reading, and measuring the on and off of the switch with a multimeter.
  • the operator needs to judge the change of the switch and accurately and timely read the data.
  • there will inevitably be a delay in time resulting in a large value of the read value and the true value. Errors are also prone to misreading and misjudgment; due to inconsistent rates of manual reading or boosting or decompression during operation, each test result is inconsistent and the repeatability is poor.
  • the first embodiment of the first embodiment is to solve the above problem, and provides a method for detecting the switching value of the pressure switch with high accuracy, good repeatability and convenient use, and the method comprises the following steps:
  • the pressure value at the time of switching state switching is taken as the lower switching value initial value F 0 and the corresponding step-down rate as the initial value of the step-down rate v 20 ;
  • the judging step of the maximum value and the minimum value of the upper switching value detection value including the initial value of the upper switching value or the lower switching value detection value including the initial value of the lower switching value acquired last two or more times or more
  • the difference between the difference is compared with the predetermined amount ⁇ , and when the difference is greater than or equal to the predetermined amount ⁇ , the detection value obtaining step is returned; when the difference is smaller than the predetermined amount ⁇ , the most recent
  • the upper switching value detection value or the lower switching value detection value acquired at one time is used as an upper switching value or a lower switching value of the pressure switch.
  • the boosting rate or the buck rate is decreased from the previous pressure switch state when the boosting rate v 1 (i-1) or the bucking rate v 2 (i-1) is decreased.
  • Changing the pressure in the line by the pressure control element and the pressure generator at the reduced boost rate or the buck rate plus a rate adjustment; and the rate adjustment amount follows the pressure in the pressure line
  • the value becomes smaller than the last acquired upper switching value detection value including the initial value of the upper switching value or the lower switching value detection value including the initial value of the lower switching value; specifically,
  • the detection method provided in Embodiment 1 can solve the problems of accuracy and repeatability.
  • Embodiment 2 differs from Embodiment 1 in that k has a value of k>0 (see Embodiment 2: Variable Rate Control Method).
  • the detection method provided in Embodiment 2 can also realize rapid detection on the basis of solving the problems of accuracy and repeatability.
  • the predetermined amount ⁇ in the detection value acquisition step is a setting accuracy, and the value is in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 times the precision of the pressure switch.
  • the rate adjustment rate ⁇ is preferably ⁇ ⁇ 0.3 and ⁇ ⁇ 0.7.
  • the pressure in the pressure line is changed at a faster rate of increase or a rate of depressurization until the passage of the pressure switch is detected
  • the off state is switched, and the pressure value when the pressure switch state is switched is obtained as the upper switch value initial value R i or the lower switch value initial value F i , and the boost rate or the buck rate when the pressure switch state is switched is taken as The boost rate initial value v 1i or the buck rate initial value v 2i .
  • the device for detecting the switching value of the pressure switch corresponding to the first embodiment includes a pressure generator, a pressure sensor and a pressure line, and the pressure generator and the pressure sensor are connected to the pressure switch through the pressure line, and the pressure generator is passed through the pressure generator. And adjusting the pressure in the pressure pipeline to switch the on/off state of the pressure switch, further comprising an initial value acquisition unit, a detection value acquisition unit, and a determination unit, wherein:
  • the initial value acquiring unit controls the pressure generator to change the pressure in the pressure line, and obtains the pressure value when the pressure switch is in the state of switching during the boosting process as the upper switching value initial value R 0 and the corresponding boosting rate as The initial value of the boosting rate v 10 , or the pressure value when the pressure switch state is switched during the step-down process is taken as the lower switching value initial value F 0 and the corresponding step-down rate as the initial value of the step-down rate v 20 ;
  • a detection value acquisition unit that controls the pressure generator to change the pressure in the pressure line so as to meet the boost rate or the buck rate when the current pressure switch state is switched compared to the previous pressure switch state.
  • the determining unit receives the data value acquired by the detection value acquiring unit, and detects the upper switching value detection value including the initial value of the upper switching value or the initial value of the lower switching value obtained from the last two or more times.
  • the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the lower switching value detection value is compared with the predetermined amount ⁇ , and when the difference value is greater than or equal to the predetermined amount ⁇ , the detection value acquisition unit is caused to perform the next acquisition. And when the difference is less than the predetermined amount ⁇ , the last switching value detection value or the lower switching value detection value acquired last time is used as an upper switching value or a lower switching value of the pressure switch.
  • the “Embodiment 3” of the second scheme is to solve the problem of poor accuracy and repeatability in the conventional pressure switch detection system shown in FIG. 4, and provides a high accuracy.
  • the method of detecting the switching value of the pressure switch with good repeatability and convenient use comprises the following steps:
  • the pressure value at the time of switching state switching is taken as the lower switching value initial value F 0 and the corresponding step-down rate as the initial value of the step-down rate v 20 ;
  • a detection value obtaining step of acquiring a pressure value when the pressure switch is in a state of being switched during the boosting process as the upper switching value detection value R i and the corresponding boosting rate v 1i , or a pressure value when the state is switched during the step-down process As the lower switching value detection value F i and the corresponding depressurization rate v 2i , where i 1, 2, 3...;
  • the boosting rate or the bucking rate is decreased from the boosting rate v 1(i-1) or the bucking rate v 2(i-1) when the last pressure switch state is switched.
  • the pressure in the pipeline is changed by the pressure control element and the pressure generator by the reduced boost rate or the pressure reduction rate plus a rate adjustment amount; and the rate adjustment amount is related to the pressure value in the pressure pipeline Close to the last acquired switching value detection value including the initial value of the upper switching value or the lower switching value detection value including the initial value of the lower switching value; specifically,
  • the detection method provided in Embodiment 3 can solve the problems of accuracy and repeatability.
  • Embodiment 4" of the second scheme is used to further solve the time-consuming problem of the pressure switch detection system shown in FIG. 4, and proposes a quick completion of the boosting and/or lowering.
  • the method of detecting the switching value of the pressure switch during the pressing process is used to further solve the time-consuming problem of the pressure switch detection system shown in FIG. 4, and proposes a quick completion of the boosting and/or lowering.
  • Embodiment 4 differs from Embodiment 3 in that k has a value of k>0 (see Embodiment 4: Variable Rate Control Method Based on Polynomial Fitting).
  • the detection method provided in Embodiment 4 can also realize rapid detection on the basis of solving the problems of accuracy and repeatability.
  • the estimating value obtaining step uses a polynomial fitting method based on least squares to fit and estimate the relationship between the detected value of the upper switching value and the detected value of the boosting rate or the lower switching value and the decompression rate, and When the boost rate or the buck rate is zero, the corresponding switch value estimate is used as the upper switch value estimate or the lower switch value estimate.
  • the predetermined amount ⁇ in the determining step is set accuracy, and the value is in the range of 0.2-0.5 times the precision of the pressure switch.
  • the pressure in the pressure line is changed at a faster step-up rate or a step-down rate until it is detected that the on-off state of the pressure switch is switched, and the pressure switch state is acquired.
  • switching pressure value as the initial value of the switch or the switch R i value of the initial value F i the rate of pressure rise or pressure switch state down rate when switching the boosting rate as the initial value or the step-down rate v 1i
  • the initial value is v 2i .
  • the apparatus for detecting the switching value of the pressure switch corresponding to the second embodiment includes a pressure generator, a pressure sensor and a pressure line, and the pressure generator and the pressure sensor are connected to the pressure switch through the pressure line, and the pressure generator is passed through the pressure generator. And adjusting the on-off state of the pressure switch to switch the on-off state of the pressure switch, and further comprising: an initial value acquisition unit, a detection value acquisition unit, an estimated value acquisition unit, and a determination unit, wherein:
  • the initial value acquiring unit controls the pressure generator to change the pressure in the pressure line, and obtains the pressure value when the pressure switch is in the state of switching during the boosting process as the upper switching value initial value R 0 and the corresponding boosting rate as The initial value of the boosting rate v 10 , or the pressure value when the pressure switch state is switched during the step-down process is taken as the lower switching value initial value F 0 and the corresponding step-down rate as the initial value of the step-down rate v 20 ;
  • the estimated value obtaining unit receives the data value acquired by the detection value acquiring unit, and selects an upper switching value detection value including the initial value of the upper switching value or the initial value of the lower switching value obtained in the last two or more times.
  • the lower switching value detection value is fitted and estimated, and the upper switching value of the pressure switch is obtained.
  • a determining unit receiving the data value acquired by the estimated value acquiring unit, and comparing the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the last switching value estimation value or the lower switching value estimation value acquired two or more times or more
  • the predetermined amount ⁇ is compared, and when the difference is greater than or equal to the predetermined amount ⁇ , the detected value acquiring unit is caused to perform the next obtaining operation; when the difference is smaller than the predetermined amount ⁇ , the last time is
  • the obtained upper switching value estimated value or lower switching value estimated value is used as an upper switching value or a lower switching value of the pressure switch.
  • the technical effect of the present invention is that the pressure sensor transmits the pressure change of the pressure pipeline to the controller in real time, and the data processing unit installed in the controller acquires the pressure change value according to the preset
  • the pressure change law generates a control command
  • the pressure control element controls the pressure generator to change the pressure in the pipeline
  • the cycle switch detection method is used to complete the detection of the pressure switch switching value.
  • the device provided by the invention is used to complete the detection of the switching value of the pressure switch, and the intelligent detection is used for rapid detection, the detection accuracy is improved, the detection result is reproducible, the labor cost is reduced, the operation is simple, and the work is reliable.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an apparatus for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch according to a first aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch according to a second aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a conventional pressure switch detecting system
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing a relationship between a pressure change speed and a detected pressure switching value in the first embodiment and the second embodiment;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a pressure change speed and a detected pressure switching value in Embodiment 3;
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the pressure change rate and the detected pressure switching value in the fourth embodiment
  • Figure 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the pressure change rate and the detected pressure switching value in the fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a structural block diagram of an apparatus for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch corresponding to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural block diagram of an apparatus for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch corresponding to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • pressure generator 1: pressure generator, 2: pressure control element, 3: pressure line, 4: pressure sensor, 5: controller; 51: storage unit, 52: data processing unit; 6: electrical interface, 7: pipeline interface; 8: pressure switch;
  • 100 pressure source
  • 101 standard pressure gauge
  • 102 isobaric line
  • 103 pressure switch
  • 104 switch state acquisition unit.
  • the present invention is applicable to the detection of various pressure switches.
  • the embodiment is described only for one of the electronic pressure switches, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to these specific exemplary embodiments, but are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. All of the equivalents and alternative forms, based on the embodiments of the present invention, all of the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are within the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an apparatus for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device comprises a pressure generator 1, a pressure control element 2, a pressure line 3, a pressure sensor 4 and a controller 5, wherein the pressure generator 1 and the pressure sensor 4 are connected by a pressure line 3 to form a physics.
  • the upper passage (indicated by the thick line in Fig.
  • the pressure control element 2 is connected to the pressure generator 1 for controlling the pressure generator 1 while also being connected
  • the pressure control data is stored in the controller 5 to the controller 5, and receives control commands from the controller 5 for transmission to the pressure generator 1;
  • the controller 5 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 4, and is electrically connected to the external pressure switch 8 6 logical connection (including electrical connection or radio connection, etc.) to receive signals from the pressure sensor 4 and the pressure switch 8, and to analyze the received data, and send the generated control command to the pressure through the pressure control element 2
  • the generator 1 is connected to the line input interface end of the pressure switch 8 through the line interface 7 to transmit the pressure generated by the pressure generator 1 to the pressure switch 8 When the controller 5 switches the pressure switch 8 is connected to the output of the logic for receiving a signal of the pressure switch 8 contact action.
  • the pressure generator 1 may be a pneumatic pressure generator or a hydraulic pressure generator driven by a pressure pump; the pressure generator 1 receives a control command from the controller 5 through the pressure control element 2, and controls the pressure pump according to different rates. Pressurization or decompression; the pressure control element 2 can also transmit the state of the pressure generator 1 to the controller 5 and to an external device 9 (such as a computer, liquid crystal display or touch screen) for display.
  • an external device 9 such as a computer, liquid crystal display or touch screen
  • the pressure control element 2 can be placed as a separate component between the pressure generator 1 and the controller 5 for signal transmission and conversion mediation.
  • the pressure control component 2 can be an existing integrated control component; In the controller 5 or in the pressure generator 1, it is used to control the pressure pump to pressurize or depressurize at different rates.
  • the pressure control element 2 is capable of accepting a control command from the controller 5, and can also transfer the state of the pressure generator 1 to the controller 5 and then to the external device 9 via the controller 5.
  • the pressure sensor 4 is mounted on the pressure line 3 for detecting the pressure in the pressure line 3 and converting the pressure signal into an electrical signal for transmission to the controller 5.
  • the electrical interface 6 is an integrated component provided with a plurality of electrical signal interfaces, and can support the access or output of different electrical signals, including the switch digital interface, the USB interface, the serial port, the Ethernet port, and the like.
  • the electrical interface 6 can be electrically connected to the digital output of the pressure switch 8 for receiving an electrical signal of the contact action of the pressure switch 8 to
  • the electrical signal is sent to the controller 5, or is electrically connected to an external device 9 such as a computer, a liquid crystal display or a touch screen, so that the controller 5 interacts with the external device 9 through the electrical interface for data acquisition, result display, and program download. , parameter settings, remote debugging, and system updates. Therefore, the present invention can be configured by the electrical interface 6 to form a display device, which is convenient for on-site use, and can also be used as a fixed device to access a computer system for remote monitoring.
  • the pipe connection 7 can be a fixed interface provided on the pressure line 3, or it can be a detachable, replaceable interface, which can be replaced according to the shape characteristics of the pipe input interface end of the pressure switch 8.
  • the controller 5 may include a storage unit 51 and a data processing unit 52 electrically connected to the pressure control element 2, the pressure sensor 4, and the pressure switch 8 transmitted through the electrical interface 6, respectively, for receiving, transmitting, and storing data, and There is an interface for data interaction with the data processing unit 52; the data processing unit 52 receives the data from the storage unit 51 for analysis processing, and transmits the generated control command to the pressure control element 2 through the storage unit 51.
  • the data processing unit 52 of the controller 5 sends a control command to the pressure generator 1 via the storage unit 51, controls the pressure generator 1 to change the pressure in the pressure line 3, and receives the pressure value acquired by the pressure sensor 4 and the state of the pressure switch 8. Information to complete the processing of data in the pressure switch switching value detection.
  • the existing pressure switch switching value detection is mostly based on the following mechanism: in the process of pressure rise, the pressure value of the trigger switch state changes is the upper switching value R (true value), and during the pressure drop process, the switch state is triggered.
  • the changed pressure is the lower switching value F (true value), and R>F, then the RF is called the hysteresis.
  • the presence of the backlash enhances the stability of the pressure switch operation, and the size of the return difference usually varies depending on the application requirements.
  • the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 4 is the upper or lower switching value detection value, which is denoted as R i or F i , and the measurement error ⁇ i is the i-th switching value detection value minus the true value.
  • the pressure in the pressure line 3 When the pressure in the pressure line 3 reaches the switching point, it is necessary to go through multiple steps to obtain the starting contact action signal, including the pressure measurement of the pressure switch, the comparison link, the driving of the switch, the switch measurement, and the response time of the capture switch. The reading time of the pressure sensor, etc., these factors will cause the detected value of the switching value to be greater than or less than the true value of the switching value.
  • the time delay mainly has two parts.
  • One is that the delay time from the pressure value to the switching point to the output of the output contact action is t 1 , and the second is from receiving the switch amount to receiving the pressure sensor.
  • the average rate of change in pressure over the time period can be regarded as a fixed value, ie
  • the delays of the pressure sensor and the pressure switch are substantially unchanged, so the upper switching value or the lower switching value detection error ⁇ 1i , ⁇ 2i is substantially proportional to the pressure change rate when the trigger pressure switch is actuated.
  • the measurement time is t
  • the pressure change rate is constant at v
  • the above object can be achieved by approximating the detected value to the true value and using the predetermined amount ⁇ as the set accuracy as the judgment basis for detecting the end of the loop.
  • the method for detecting the switching value of the pressure switch will be described in detail below in conjunction with the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes two embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch according to the first embodiment, which can be completed by the device for detecting a switching value of a pressure switch shown in FIG. 1 or 9.
  • the detection of the pressure switch switching value includes the following steps:
  • S100 initial value obtaining step acquiring a pressure value when the pressure switch 8 is in a state of switching during the boosting process as an upper switching value initial value R 0 and a corresponding boosting rate as a boosting rate initial value v 10 , or a step-down process
  • the pressure value at the time of switching the state of the medium pressure switch 8 is taken as the lower switching value initial value F 0 and the corresponding step-down rate as the step-down rate initial value v 20 .
  • the pressure in the pressure line 3 is changed at a faster rate of step-up or depressurization rate until it is detected that the on-off state of the pressure switch 8 is switched, and the pressure sensor 4 is used to acquire the
  • the pressure value at the time of the state switching of the pressure switch 8 is used as the upper switching value initial value R 0 or the lower switching value initial value F 0 , and the boosting rate or the step-down rate when the pressure switch 8 is switched as the initial value of the boosting rate v 10 or the initial value of the buck rate v 20 .
  • the starting boost rate or the buck rate is usually determined by the empirical value according to the performance of the pressure switch 8, and generally the upper limit of the empirical value of the boost rate or the empirical value of the buck rate is selected as soon as possible.
  • the switching value of the pressure switch 8 is approached, thereby reducing the detection time.
  • the step-up rate or the step-down rate when the pressure switch is switched can be obtained by a program calculation, that is, the process in which the pressure sensor 4 reads the pressure value in the pressure line 3 to the pressure value in the next reading pressure line 3 as a process.
  • the pressure value detected when the pressure switch is switched is subtracted from the pressure value detected by the previous detection step, and divided by the time taken for the detection step, that is, the pressure increase rate v 10 or the pressure reduction rate when the pressure switch is switched.
  • the pressure rate sensor 4 can also record the pressure increase rate v 10 or the pressure reduction rate v 20 when the pressure switch is switched; the pressure rate or the pressure drop rate when the pressure switch 8 is switched can also be Set according to the empirical value.
  • the S200 detects the value acquisition step to satisfy the boost rate v 1(i-1) or the buck rate v 2 (i ) when the pressure switch state is switched when the pressure switch state is switched compared to the previous pressure switch state.
  • -1) acquiring the pressure value of the pressure switch during the state of the pressure switching during the step-up process as the upper switching value detection value R i and the corresponding boosting rate v 1i , or the pressure at the state switching during the step-down process
  • the step-up rate or the step-down rate may be any size within a reasonable range of the pressure switch, and preferably, the boost is relatively fast.
  • the rate or buck rate changes the pressure within the pressure line 3, which may be a substantially constant rate of boost or buck, or a varying rate of boost or buck, for example, in the detection value acquisition step
  • the boost rate or the buck rate is a function of the detected pressure value in the pressure line 3; when the pressure switch 8 is in the state of switching, the boost rate is set when the boost rate or the buck rate is switched from the state of the last pressure switch 8 A condition in which v 1 (i-1) or a depressurization rate v 2 (i-1) is small.
  • S300 determining step of maximizing the minimum value of the upper switching value detection value including the initial value of the upper switching value or the lower switching value detection value including the initial value of the lower switching value acquired twice or more times
  • the difference between the values is compared with a predetermined amount ⁇ , and when the difference is greater than or equal to the predetermined amount ⁇ , the detection value acquisition step is returned; when the difference is smaller than the predetermined amount ⁇ ,
  • the upper switching value detection value or the lower switching value detection value acquired last time is used as an upper switching value or a lower switching value of the pressure switch.
  • the difference between the detected value of the last two acquired switching values may be compared with the predetermined amount ⁇ to determine whether the determining method is terminated, or the switching value detected by the last three or more times may be used.
  • the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is compared with the predetermined amount ⁇ to determine whether the method is terminated.
  • the predetermined amount ⁇ may be set according to the accuracy of the pressure switch 8 and the accuracy requirement of the application scenario, and the predetermined amount ⁇ may be The fixed value may not be a fixed value. For example, the value of the prescribed amount ⁇ used in the judging step of the two detecting processes is different; the switching value of the pressure switch obtained by the latter method is more reliable, and accordingly, the detecting time It may increase and may be compromised according to the testing requirements.
  • the method may further include an initialization step before the step S100, which is involved in the method.
  • Each parameter is set, for example, a predetermined amount ⁇ is set, and other parameters that need to be set are determined according to a specific implementation manner; if each parameter value is fixed to a default value, the step can also be ignored.
  • the method may further include an output step after the S300 determining step, that is, the upper switching value detection value and the lower switching value detection value obtained in the last cycle are recorded as the upper switching value and the lower switching value of the pressure switch 8 in the control.
  • the result is transmitted to the external device 9.
  • the method can be used to separately detect the upper switching value or the lower switching value of the pressure switch, and can also be used to simultaneously detect the upper switching value and the lower switching value of the pressure switch.
  • Embodiment 1 Constant Rate Control Method
  • Embodiment 1 uses the following process to detect the switching value of the pressure switch:
  • Initial value acquisition step the pressure in the pressure line 3 is changed by the pressure generator 1 at a faster rate of step-up or depressurization rate until it is detected that the on-off state of the pressure switch 8 is switched, by the pressure sensor 4 Obtaining the pressure value in the pressure line 3 when the pressure switch 8 is switched as the upper switching value initial value R 0 or the lower switching value initial value F 0 , and the corresponding initial value of the boosting rate v 10 or the initial value of the step-down rate v 20 and store the acquired value in the controller 5.
  • the boost rate v 2i at the time of switching, and the obtained detected value is stored in the controller 5, where i is the number of cycles, ⁇ is the rate adjustment rate, and satisfies
  • the embodiment may further include an initialization step; if the device is connected to the external device 9, the embodiment 1 may further include Output step.
  • the number of cycles in the above process depends on the set amount ⁇ , the rate adjustment rate ⁇ , the initial boost rate v 10 and/or the initial step-down rate v 20 , etc., and the rate adjustment rate ⁇ in the detection value acquisition step of the above method
  • the smaller the adjustment rate ⁇ the faster the rate of decrease or the rate of depressurization decreases in each detection, and the corresponding number of detections is generally reduced, but the longer the execution time per detection.
  • the amount of change in the step-up rate or the step-down rate in each test is small compared to the rate of step-up or step-down when the state of the previous switch is switched, and the obtained switch value of the upper switch is detected or switched.
  • the amount of change in the detected value is also small, especially when the boosting rate or the depressing rate itself is large, the difference between the obtained upper switching value detection value or the lower switching value detection value may satisfy the judgment condition in the determining step.
  • the obtained switching value of the upper or lower switching value of the pressure switch differs greatly from the actual value.
  • the specified amount ⁇ is generally set with reference to the nominal value of the pressure switch and the accuracy requirement of the application scenario, and the value range may be 0.2-0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8; the range of the specified amount ⁇ is the pressure switch 8 precision.
  • 0.2-0.5 times means that the value of the predetermined amount ⁇ may be a fixed value within a range of 0.2-0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8, or may not be a fixed value, for example, used in the judgment step of the two detection processes.
  • the value of the prescribed amount ⁇ is different.
  • Embodiment 2 Variable Rate Control Method
  • Embodiment 1 of the above method is improved, and a real-time varying step-up rate and a step-down rate are employed in each detection process, that is, at a distance pressure switch
  • the pressure adjustment rate is large, which is conducive to saving time; when approaching the pressure switch state switching point, the pressure change rate becomes smaller, and the detection error is reduced.
  • the pressure sensor 4 reads the pressure value in the pressure line 3 to the pressure value in the next reading of the pressure line 3 as a detecting step; the upper switching value of the detecting pressure switch is completed once. And the process of switching values as a loop.
  • the steps included in the variable rate pressure control method of the second embodiment are basically the same as the steps of the first embodiment, except that the pressure generator 1 changes the pressure in the pressure line 3 in the detection value acquisition step, and the embodiment is different.
  • the steps for obtaining the detected values used in 2 are as follows:
  • i is the number of cycles
  • ⁇ is the rate adjustment rate, 0 ⁇ k,0 ⁇ 1
  • p j is the pressure value detected in the jth detecting step of the pressure sensor unit 3
  • v 1 (i-1) is the boost when the upper switching value detection value is acquired in the (i-1)th detecting value obtaining step Rate or boost rate initial value
  • R i-1 is the upper switch value detection value
  • the undercut value acquired by the pressure sensor 4 when the switch 8 is in the state of the switch is used as the lower switching value detection value F i , and the boosting rate v 2i at the time of switching the state of the pressure switch is obtained; and the acquired value is stored in the controller 5; j is the pressure value detected in the jth detecting step of the pressure sensor unit 3; v 2(i-1) is the step-down rate or the step-down rate when the state of the pressure switch 8 is switched in the (i-1)th value acquisition step.
  • the initial value of the rate, F i-1 is the lower switching value detection value or the lower switching value initial value detected in the (i-1)th value acquisition step.
  • this embodiment may also include an initialization step and/or an output step.
  • the pressure in the pressure line 3 is changed by a real-time varying boost rate or a reduced pressure rate, and the upper or lower switching value detection value of the pressure switch is detected, and the pressure adjustment rate k is a fixed value greater than zero.
  • the rate adjustment rate ⁇ range also needs to eliminate the defects mentioned in the real-time mode 1.
  • the range of the rate adjustment rate ⁇ is controlled to be 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.7.
  • the specified amount ⁇ is generally set with reference to the nominal value of the pressure switch and the accuracy requirement of the application scenario, and the value range may be 0.2-0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8; the range of the specified amount ⁇ is the pressure switch 8 precision.
  • 0.2-0.5 times means that the value of the predetermined amount ⁇ may be a fixed value within a range of 0.2-0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8, or may not be a fixed value, for example, used in the judgment step of the two detection processes.
  • the value of the prescribed amount ⁇ is different.
  • the method can further reduce the detection time, so that the upper switching value detection value or the lower switching value detection value quickly approaches the true value, and the repeatability is good.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a pressure switch switching value of the second embodiment, which can be completed by the device for detecting the switching value of the pressure switch shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.
  • the detection of the pressure switch switching value includes the following steps:
  • S10 initial value obtaining step acquiring a pressure value when the pressure switch 8 is in a state of switching during the boosting process as an upper switching value initial value R 0 and a corresponding boosting rate as a boosting rate initial value v 10 , or a step-down process
  • the pressure value at the time of switching the state of the medium pressure switch 8 is taken as the lower switching value initial value F 0 and the corresponding step-down rate as the step-down rate initial value v 20 .
  • the pressure in the pressure line 3 is changed at a faster rate of step-up or depressurization rate until it is detected that the on-off state of the pressure switch 8 is switched, and the pressure sensor 4 is used to acquire the
  • the pressure value at the time of the state switching of the pressure switch 8 is used as the upper switching value initial value R 0 or the lower switching value initial value F 0 , and the boosting rate or the step-down rate when the pressure switch 8 is switched as the initial value of the boosting rate v 10 or the initial value of the buck rate v 20 .
  • the starting boost rate or the buck rate is usually determined by the empirical value according to the performance of the pressure switch 8, and generally the upper limit of the empirical value of the boost rate or the empirical value of the buck rate is selected as soon as possible.
  • the switching value of the pressure switch 8 is approached, thereby reducing the detection time.
  • the step-up rate or the step-down rate when the pressure switch is switched can be obtained by a program calculation, that is, the process in which the pressure sensor 4 reads the pressure value in the pressure line 3 to the pressure value in the next reading pressure line 3 as a process.
  • the pressure value detected when the pressure switch is switched is subtracted from the pressure value detected by the previous detection step, and divided by the time taken for the detection step, that is, the pressure increase rate v 10 or the pressure reduction rate when the pressure switch is switched.
  • the pressure rate sensor 4 can also record the pressure increase rate v 10 or the pressure reduction rate v 20 when the pressure switch is switched; the pressure rate or the pressure drop rate when the pressure switch 8 is switched can also be Set according to the empirical value.
  • the step-up rate or the step-down rate may be an arbitrary size rate within a reasonable range, preferably, a relatively fast step-up rate or a decrease.
  • the pressure rate changes the pressure within the pressure line 3, which may be a substantially constant rate of boost or buck, or a varying rate of boost or buck, for example, the rate of boost in the value acquisition step Or the rate of depressurization is a function of the value of the pressure within the detected pressure line 3.
  • a fitting estimation based on a least squares polynomial fitting method may be employed, since for the lower order equation, the least square method may use a best square approximation method to compare uniform approximation functions over a range. And simple and effective.
  • the difference between the last two acquired switching value estimation values may be compared with the predetermined amount ⁇ to determine whether the determination method is terminated, or the switching value estimation value obtained in the last three or more times may be used.
  • the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is compared with the predetermined amount ⁇ to determine whether the method is terminated.
  • the predetermined amount ⁇ may be set according to the accuracy of the pressure switch 8 and the accuracy requirement of the application scenario, and the predetermined amount ⁇ may be a fixed value or may not be a fixed value, for example, used in the determining step of the two detecting processes.
  • the value of the specified amount ⁇ is different; the pressure switch switching value obtained by the latter method is more reliable, and accordingly, the detection time may increase, and the selection may be compromised according to the detection requirement.
  • the method may further include an initialization step before the step S10, setting each parameter involved in the method, for example, setting a predetermined amount ⁇ , and other parameters that need to be set are determined according to a specific implementation manner; The individual parameter values are fixed to the default values and can be ignored.
  • the method may further include an output step after the S40 determining step, that is, the upper switching value estimation value and the lower switching value estimation value obtained in the last cycle are recorded as the upper switching value and the lower switching value of the pressure switch 8 in the control.
  • the result is transmitted to the external device.
  • the method can be used to separately detect the upper switching value or the lower switching value of the pressure switch, and can also be used to simultaneously detect the upper switching value and the lower switching value of the pressure switch 8.
  • Embodiment 3 Constant rate control method based on polynomial fitting
  • the apparatus for detecting the pressure switch switching value shown in FIG. 1 is operated to change the pressure in the pressure line 3 at a substantially constant rate of increase and a rate of pressure reduction during the detection, including the following steps:
  • Initial value acquisition step the pressure in the pressure line 3 is changed by the pressure generator 1 at a faster rate of step-up or depressurization rate until it is detected that the on-off state of the pressure switch 8 is switched, by the pressure sensor 4 Obtaining the pressure value in the pressure line 3 when the pressure switch 8 is switched as the upper switching value initial value R 0 or the lower switching value initial value F 0 , and the corresponding initial value of the boosting rate v 10 or the initial value of the step-down rate v 20 and store the acquired value in the controller 5.
  • the boost rate v 2i at the time of switching, and the obtained detected value is stored in the controller 5, where i is the number of cycles, ⁇ is the rate adjustment rate, and satisfies
  • the detection is completed, and the upper switching value estimated value and the lower switching value estimated value obtained in the last cycle are used as the upper switching value and the lower switching value of the pressure switch 8, and are stored in the controller 5 to exit the loop; otherwise, the number of cycles i When 1 is added, the number of estimated values r is increased by 1, and the detection value acquisition step is turned, wherein the predetermined value ⁇ ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8.
  • the embodiment may further include an initialization step; if the device is connected to the external device, the embodiment 3 may further include an output step.
  • the above-described method depends on the number of cycles set by a predetermined amount [delta], the rate adjustment and the initial rate of pressure rise rate ⁇ v 10 and / or initial rate v 20 down the like, the detection value of the process step of obtaining the rate regulation ⁇ Large, the slower the decrease of the boost rate or the buck rate in each test, the shorter the time required, but the number of tests required to achieve the required accuracy generally increases, and the total detection time corresponds accordingly; The smaller the rate ⁇ , the faster the rate of decrease or the rate of depressurization decreases in each test, and the corresponding number of detections generally decreases, but the longer the execution time of each test, the compromise needs to be considered in actual detection.
  • the specified amount ⁇ is generally set with reference to the nominal value of the pressure switch and the accuracy requirement of the application scenario, and the value range may be 0.2-0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8; the range of the specified amount ⁇ is the pressure switch 8 precision.
  • 0.2-0.5 times means that the value of the predetermined amount ⁇ may be a fixed value within a range of 0.2-0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8, or may not be a fixed value, for example, used in the judgment step of the two detection processes.
  • the value of the prescribed amount ⁇ is different.
  • Embodiment 4 Variable Rate Control Method Based on Polynomial Fitting
  • Embodiment 3 of the above method is improved, and each time the detection process adopts a real-time change of the step-up rate and the step-down rate, that is, at the switching point of the distance pressure switch state.
  • the pressure adjustment rate is large, which is conducive to saving time; when approaching the pressure switch state switching point, the pressure change rate becomes smaller, and the detection error is reduced.
  • the pressure sensor 4 reads the pressure value in the pressure line 3 to the pressure value in the next reading of the pressure line 3 as a detecting step; the upper switching value of the detecting pressure switch is completed once. And the process of switching values as a loop.
  • the steps included in the variable rate pressure control method of Embodiment 4 are substantially the same as the steps of Embodiment 3, except that the pressure generator 1 changes the pressure in the pressure line 3 in the detection value acquisition step,
  • the detection value acquisition steps adopted in Embodiment 4 are as follows:
  • the undercut value acquired by the pressure sensor 4 when the switch 8 is in the state of the switch is used as the lower switching value detection value F i , and the boosting rate v 2i at the time of switching the state of the pressure switch is obtained; and the acquired value is stored in the controller 5;
  • j is the pressure value detected in the jth detecting step of the pressure sensor unit 3;
  • v 2(i-1) is the step-down rate or the step-down rate when the state of the pressure switch 8 is switched in the (i-1)th value acquisition step.
  • the initial value of the rate, F i-1 is the lower switching value detection value or the lower switching value initial value detected in the (i-1)th value acquisition step.
  • this embodiment may also include an initialization step and/or an output step.
  • the pressure in the pressure line 3 is changed by a real-time varying boost rate or a reduced pressure rate, and the upper or lower switching value detection value of the pressure switch is detected, and the pressure adjustment rate k is a fixed value greater than zero.
  • the specified amount ⁇ is generally set with reference to the nominal value of the pressure switch and the accuracy requirement of the application scenario, and the value range may be 0.2-0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8; the so-called prescribed value ⁇ ranges from the pressure switch
  • the accuracy of 0.2 to 0.5 times of 8 indicates that the value of the predetermined amount ⁇ may be a fixed value within a range of 0.2-0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8, or may not be a fixed value, for example, a determination step of two detection processes.
  • the value of the prescribed amount ⁇ used in the difference is different.
  • the method can further reduce the detection time, so that the upper switching value detection value or the lower switching value detection value quickly approaches the true value, and the repeatability is good.
  • Embodiment 5 Fuzzy Pressure Control Method
  • the controller 5 gives an indicative guiding rule for the pressure rise and fall of the pressure line according to the pressure value acquired by the pressure sensor 4 and the state information of the pressure switch 8; the operator can operate the pressure according to the instruction of the controller 5
  • Timer 1 implements the boost and buck processes.
  • the upper limit rate is divided into different rate ranges according to the boost or buck upper limit rate of the pressure switch 8.
  • the boot rule may be a simple "slow boost”, “medium speed boost”, “fast boost”, “ Fuzzy guidance rules such as slow buck, medium speed buck, and fast buck.
  • the method operates using the apparatus for detecting a pressure switch switching value shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 10, in which the operator operates the pressure generator 1 in accordance with the instruction of the controller 5 to change the pressure in the pressure line 3. , including the following steps:
  • Initial value acquisition step operating the pressure generator 1 to change the pressure in the pressure line 3 at a faster rate of increase or depressurization until the state of the pressure switch 8 is detected to be switched, and the pressure sensor 4 is used to acquire the The pressure value in the pressure line 3 when the pressure switch 8 is switched is used as the upper switching value initial value R 0 or the lower switching value initial value F 0 , and the corresponding boosting rate initial value v 10 or the depressurizing rate initial value v 20 And store the acquired value in the controller 5.
  • Detection value acquisition step the operation pressure generator 1 raises the pressure in the pressure line 3 from the lower switching value F (i-1) according to the fuzzy guidance rule of the controller 5, and the pressure sensor 4 when the pressure switch 8 is switched in state
  • the acquired upper switching value is taken as the upper switching value detection value R i and the boosting rate v 1i when the state switch of the pressure switch 8 is switched; the pressure generator 1 is lowered from the upper switching value R i according to the fuzzy guiding rule of the controller 5
  • the detection is completed, and the upper switching value estimated value and the lower switching value estimated value obtained in the last cycle are used as the upper switching value and the lower switching value of the pressure switch 8, and are stored in the controller 5 to exit the loop; otherwise, the number of cycles i When 1 is added, the number of estimated values r is increased by 1, and the detection value acquisition step is turned, wherein the predetermined value ⁇ ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 times the accuracy of the pressure switch 8.
  • the embodiment may further include an initialization step; if the device is connected to the external device 9, the embodiment may further include an output step.
  • Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4 require the pressure generator 1 to control the pressure of the pressure line in real time according to the buck-boost rate given by the controller 5.
  • it is required to be equipped with an automatic measuring and controlling device, which is accurate, fast and convenient. advantage.
  • Embodiment 5 is a simple implementation of the apparatus of the present invention, and can also achieve accurate measurement of the pressure switch switching value by the method of the present invention, and can use most of the existing pressure generating devices, and has the advantages of simplicity, practicality, and low cost.
  • the above-mentioned CATO pressure switch is used as a detection target, and in the initial value acquisition step, the boosting rate is boosted or reduced at a fixed initial rate of about 300 kPa/s, and the initial value of the upper switching value is obtained;
  • the rate adjustment rate ⁇ ranges from 0.4 to 0.6, the pressure adjustment rate k is approximately 0.5, and the predetermined amount ⁇ is set to 6 kPa (0.1% of range).
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 are listed in Tables 2 and 3, and the relationship between the pressure change rate and the detected pressure switching value is shown in FIG.
  • Embodiment 1 uses a constant rate control method to increase or decrease the pressure in the pressure line 3 at a constant rate during each cycle, and can detect an upper switching value of 4066 kPa in 5 cycles. It takes 68.3 seconds, and the cycle can detect the next switching value of 3858 kPa, which takes 162.3 seconds.
  • the variable rate control method needs to cycle 6 times to get the upper switching value of 4066 kPa, which takes 33.7 seconds and cycles 6 times.
  • the switching value of 3552 kPa is taken out, which takes 53.5 seconds; and the rate of change of the speed when the state of the pressure switch 8 is switched at the end of the detection cycle is reduced to a small rate, and the difference between the detection results of the two embodiments is less than the prescribed amount ⁇ ( 6kPa), the difference is small, which ensures the accuracy of the test results; obviously, the initial pressure is reduced by the rapid pressure change rate (300 kPa/s) from 0 to 6000 kPa to about 3620 to 4300 kPa, which shortens the detection. Time; Embodiment 2 adopts a variable rate method to accelerate the measurement process away from the switching value, and further shortens the required detection time.
  • Embodiment 3 The detection results of Embodiment 3 are listed in Tables 4 and 5, and the relationship between the pressure change rate and the detected pressure switching value is shown in FIG. 6; the detection results of Embodiment 4 are listed in Tables 6 and 7. The relationship between the pressure change rate and the detected pressure switching value is shown in FIG. 7; the detection result of Embodiment 5 is shown in Table 8 and Table 9, between the pressure change speed and the detected pressure switching value. The relationship is shown in FIG.
  • Embodiment 3 uses a constant rate pressure control method to raise or lower the pressure in the pressure line 3 during each cycle, and can detect the upper switching value of 4049 kPa in 4 cycles, which is time consuming. 39.2 seconds, 5 times of cycle can detect the next switching value of 3863 kPa, which takes 89.9 seconds; Embodiment 4 uses the variable rate pressure control method to raise or lower the pressure in the pressure line 3, and needs to cycle 5 times to get the upper switching value 4051 kPa. 33.7 seconds, the switching value is 3858 kPa and the time is 29.3 sec. The speed change rate of the pressure switch 8 state switching is reduced to a smaller rate when the two modes are detected.
  • the difference between the detection results of the embodiment is less than the prescribed amount ⁇ (ie, 6 kPa), and the difference is small, which ensures the accuracy of the detection result; obviously, the initial pressure is used to rapidly change the pressure scan range from 0 to 300 kPa/s.
  • the reduction of ⁇ 6000 kPa to about 3620 to 4300 kPa shortens the detection time; in the fourth embodiment, the measurement process when the variable value is accelerated away from the switching value is further shortened the required detection time.
  • Embodiment 5 adopts a fuzzy pressure control method to raise or lower the pressure in the pressure line 3, and does not require a gradual reduction of the pressure increase rate or the pressure reduction rate, which is low in requirements for the operator and simple to implement.
  • Table 8 and Table 9 only follow The upper switching value of 4050 kPa can be detected three times, and the lower switching value of 3859 kPa can be detected four times in a cycle, and the difference from the results of the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment is smaller than the predetermined amount ⁇ , and the accuracy of the detection result is ensured.
  • Table 4
  • the invention provides a device capable of quickly completing the switching value detection of the pressure switch, which is suitable for industrial manufacturing; the device can complete the detection of the switching value of the pressure switch through multiple cycles detection mode, not only realizes rapid detection, but also detects repeated Good in properties, high accuracy, easy to use, suitable for industrial applications.

Abstract

一种检测压力开关切换值的方法及装置，该装置包括通过压力管路（3）与压力开关（8）连通的压力发生器（1）、压力控制元件（2）、压力传感器（4）和设有数据处理单元的控制器（5），压力传感器（4）安装于压力管路（3）上且与控制器（5）电连接，压力控制元件（2）与压力发生器（1）电连接用于控制压力发生器（1），压力控制元件（2）与控制器（5）电连接。通过压力传感器（4）将压力管路（3）的压力变化实时传送给控制器（5），数据处理单元获取该压力变化值，按照预设的压力变化规律生成控制指令，通过压力控制元件（2）来控制压力发生器（1）改变管路内的压力。采用该装置和方法来完成压力开关切换值的检测，实现快速检测，提高检测准确度，检测结果重复性好，减少人工成本，工作可靠。

Description

检测压力开关切换值的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明属于压力检测领域，具体涉及一种检测压力开关切换值的装置及利用该装置的检测方法。
背景技术
压力开关是一种常用的压力控制器件，当输入压力达到(上升或下降到)预定值时，开关的通断状态发生切换，以发出警报或控制信号。压力开关发生切换时的压力值称为压力开关切换值，包括上切换值和下切换值。用压力开关控制压力发生装置的启停或增压、减压阀的开闭，可将压力系统的压力值控制在一定范围之内。在工业领域的压力控制过程中，压力开关切换值的检测精度直接影响压力控制精度，因此在使用前需要对压力开关进行校验，检测压力开关切换值。
常见的压力开关有机械式、电子式两大类。电子式压力开关的感压元件将压力转换为电信号，经过信号调理电路、A/D转换后变为数字量，再经处理器运算后得到压力值，同时处理器将压力值与用户设定值相比较来驱动开关元件(如机械式继电器、电子开关元件等)接通或断开；机械式压力开关的感压元件(膜片、波纹管、活塞等)将压力转换为形变，经机械机构比较后推动开关元件的通断状态。通常压力开关都具有管路输入接口端和开关量输出接口端，其中管路输入接口端可以接液压管路或气压管路，与外界压力管路形成通路，开关量输出接口端输出压力开关触点动作的开关量(含通断输出型、电平输出型、逻辑量输出型等)，用于接入工业控制系统中的控制单元用于压力控制。
现有的压力开关检测系统(例如图4所示)将压力源100、标准压力计101和压力开关103通过等压管路102连接形成通路，开关状态获取单元104连接到压力开关103上，测量压力开关103触点的通断。压力源100在给压力开关103缓慢升压和减压，该过程通常采用人工听声音并读数的方法来测量，还有用万用表测量开关的通断来判断开关的变化，在检测过程中需要操作人员判断开关变化的同时还要准确并及时读取数据，这个过程中不可避免会有时间上的延迟，造成读取的数值与真实值存在较大误差，也很容易出现误读、误判的现象；因人工读取、操作时升压或减压的速率不一致而导致每次检测结果不一致，重复性差；并且上述压力开关检测系统中，压力源100给压力开关103缓慢升压和减压的过程较为费时。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明一方面目的在于提供一种能够快速完成压力开关的 切换值检测、重复性好、准确度高、使用方便的检测压力开关切换值的装置。
本发明的上述目的是由以下技术方案来实现的：
一种检测压力开关切换值的装置，包括通过压力管路与压力开关连通的压力发生器，还包括压力控制元件、压力传感器和设有数据处理单元的控制器，压力传感器安装于压力管路上且与控制器电连接，压力控制元件与压力发生器电连接用于控制压力发生器，压力控制元件与控制器电连接，所述控制器的数据处理单元与所述压力传感器和压力开关电连接以获取数据进行分析处理并产生相应的控制指令，经由压力控制元件传送给压力发生器。
上述检测压力开关切换值的装置中，所述控制器还包括存储单元，存储单元与压力控制元件、压力传感器电连接并进行数据交互，并具有与数据处理单元进行数据交互的接口。
上述检测压力开关切换值的装置还包括与所述控制器电连接的电接口，所述电接口为设有多种接口的集成元件，包括开关数字量接口、USB接口、串口、无线接口以及以太网口。
上述检测压力开关切换值的装置还包括连接到所述控制器的外接设备，所述外接设备包括计算机、液晶显示屏或触摸屏。
本发明另一方面的目的在于提供检测压力开关切换值的方法，该方法利用所述检测压力开关切换值的装置进行压力开关切换值的检测，包括以下步骤：
初始值获取步骤，所述控制器的数据处理单元通过压力传感器获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
检测值获取步骤，数据处理单元通过所述压力控制元件向压力发生器传送调整压力管路内压力大小(升压或降压)的指令，通过压力传感器获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
判断步骤，数据处理单元将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，数据处理单元将最近一次获取的所述上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或 下切换值而输出。
上述检测压力开关切换值的方法中，控制器中还包括存储单元，存储单元与压力控制元件、压力传感器电连接并进行数据交互，并具有与数据处理单元进行数据交互的接口，数据处理单元与存储单元进行数据交互。
上述检测压力开关切换值的方法中，所述检测装置还包括与所述控制器电连接的电接口，所述压力开关通过该电接口向控制器传送压力开关发生切换动作的信号。
上述检测压力开关切换值的方法中，所述检测装置还包括外接设备，所述外接设备通过电接口连接到所述控制器，所述电接口为设有多种接口的集成元件，包括开关数字量接口、USB接口、串口、无线接口以及以太网口，所述外接设备可为计算机、液晶显示屏和触摸屏中的一种或多种。
更具体的，检测压力开关切换值的方法包括两种方案：
方案一
图4所示的现有压力开关检测系统中，压力源100在给压力开关103缓慢升压和减压，该过程通常采用人工听声音并读数的方法来测量，还有用万用表测量开关的通断来判断开关的变化，在操作过程中需要操作人员判断开关变化的同时还要准确并及时读取数据，这个过程中不可避免会有时间上的延迟，造成读取的数值与真实值存在较大误差，也很容易出现误读、误判的现象；因人工读取、操作时升压或减压的速率不一致而导致每次检测结果不一致，重复性差。
现有的规程所提到的压力开关切换值检测方法中，没有对切换值检出时的压力变化率作定量要求，仅用“缓慢”描述，很难保证检测结果的一致性和准确性；并且现有方法中，一般需要指定切换值的大体范围。
方案一的“实施方式1”是为了解决上述问题，提供一种准确度高、重复性好、使用方便的检测压力开关切换值的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
初始值获取步骤，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
检测值获取步骤，以满足本次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)小的方式获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
判断步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
上述方案一的检测值获取步骤中，将升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)减小，以该减小后的升压速率或降压速率加上一速率调整量通过压力控制元件和压力发生器来改变所述管路内的压力；且速率调整量随着压力管路内的压力值接近上次获取的包括上切换值初始值的上切换值检测值或者包括下切换值初始值的下切换值检测值而变小；具体的，
升压过程速率调整量为管路内压力值的函数，所述函数表示为ΔVij＝k(Ri-1-pj)，升压速率表示为Vij＝θv1(i-1)+ΔVij，其中，ΔVij为第i检测值获取步骤中的第j检测步的速率调整量，Vij为第i检测值获取步骤中的升压速率，v1(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中获取上切换值检测值时的升压速率，Ri-1为在第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中检测到的上切换值检测值，pj为在所述第j检测步所检测到压力管路内的压力值，k为压力调整率，θ为速率调整率，且满足k≥0，0＜θ＜1，i＝1,2,3,...，j＝1,2,3,...；当k＝0时，升压速率表示为Vi＝θv1(i-1)(参见实施方式1：恒速率控压法)。
降压过程速率调整量为管路内压力值的函数，所述函数表示为ΔVij＝k(pj-Fi-1)，所述降压速率表示为Vij＝θv2(i-1)+ΔVij，其中，ΔVij为第i检测值获取步骤中的第j检测步的速率调整量，Vij为第i检测值获取步骤中的降压速率，v2(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中获取下切换值检测值时的降压速率，Fi-1为在第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中检测到的下切换值检测值，pj为在所述第j检测步所检测到压力管路内的压力值，k为压力调整率，θ为速率调整率，且满足k≥0，0＜θ＜1，i＝1,2,3,...，j＝1,2,3,...；当k＝0时，降压速率表示为Vi＝θv2(i-1)(参见实施方式1：恒速率控压法)。
实施方式1所提供的检测方法能解决准确度和重复性问题。
另外，现有技术如图3所示的压力开关检测系统中，还存在压力源100给压力开关103缓慢升压和减压的过程较为费时的问题，方案一的“实施方式2”用以进一步解决该问题，提出一种快速完成升压和/或降压过程的检测压力开关切换值的方法。
实施方式2与实施方式1所不同之处在于k的取值为k＞0(参见实施方式2：变速率控压法)。实施方式2所提供的检测方法在解决准确度和重复性问题的基础上，还能够实现快速检测。
上述方案一中，所述检测值获取步骤中的规定量δ为设定精度，其值在所述压力开关精度的0.2-0.5倍的范围内。速率调整率θ优选θ≥0.3且θ≤0.7。
在上述检测压力开关切换值的方法中，在所述初始值获取步骤中，以较快的升压速率或降压速率改变所述压力管路内的压力，直到检测出所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，获取所述压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值Ri或下切换值初始值Fi，将所述压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率作为升压速率初始值v1i或降压速率初始值v2i。
与方案一对应的检测压力开关切换值的装置参见图9，包括压力发生器、压力传感器和压力管路，通过压力管路将压力发生器、压力传感器与所述压力开关连通，通过压力发生器来调整所述压力管路内的压力大小而使所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，还包括初始值获取单元、检测值获取单元和判断单元，其中：
初始值获取单元，控制所述压力发生器改变压力管路内的压力，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
检测值获取单元，控制所述压力发生器改变压力管路内的压力，使得以满足本次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)小的方式获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
判断单元，接收所述检测值获取单元获取的数据值，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，使所述检测值获取单元进行下一次获取操作；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
方案二
与方案一的实施方式1所要解决的问题相同，方案二的“实施方式3”是为了解决图4所示的现有压力开关检测系统中准确性和重复性差的问题，提供一种准确度高、重复性好、使用方便的检测压力开关切换值的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
初始值获取步骤，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开 关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
检测值获取步骤，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
估计值获取步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的上切换值估计值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000001
或下切换值估计值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000002
其中，r＝1,2,3...；
判断步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
方案二的检测值获取步骤中，将升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)减小，以该减小后的升压速率或降压速率加上一速率调整量通过压力控制元件和压力发生器来改变所述管路内的压力；且速率调整量随着压力管路内的压力值接近上次获取的包括上切换值初始值的上切换值检测值或者包括下切换值初始值的下切换值检测值而变小；具体的，
升压过程速率调整量为管路内压力值的函数，所述函数表示为ΔVij＝k(Ri-1-pj)，升压速率表示为Vij＝θv1(i-1)+ΔVij，其中，ΔVij为第i检测值获取步骤中的第j检测步的速率调整量，Vij为第i检测值获取步骤中的升压速率，v1(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中获取上切换值检测值时的升压速率，Ri-1为在第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中检测到的上切换值检测值，pj为在所述第j检测步所检测到压力管路内的压力值，k为压力调整率，θ为速率调整率，且满足k≥0，0＜θ＜1，i＝1,2,3,...，j＝1,2,3,...；当k＝0时，升压速率表示为Vi＝θv1(i-1)(参见实施方式3：基于多项式拟合的恒速率控压法)。
降压过程速率调整量为管路内压力值的函数，所述函数表示为ΔVij＝k(pj-Fi-1)，所述降压速率表示为Vij＝θv2(i-1)+ΔVij，其中，ΔVij为第i检测值获取步骤中的第j检测步的速率调整量，Vij为第i检测值获取步骤中的降压速率，v2(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中获取下切换值检测值时的降压速率，Fi-1为在第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中检测到的下切换值检测值，pj为在所述第j检测步所检测到压力管路内的压力值，k为压力调整率，θ为速率调整率，且满足k≥0，0＜θ＜1，i＝1,2,3,...，j＝1,2,3,...；当k＝0时，降压速率表示为Vi＝θv2(i-1)(参见实施方式3：基于多项式拟合的恒速率控压法)。
实施方式3所提供的检测方法能解决准确度和重复性问题。
与方案一的实施方式2所要解决的问题相同，方案二的“实施方式4”用以进一步解决图4所示的压力开关检测系统存在的费时问题，提出一种快速完成升压和/或降压过程的检测压力开关切换值的方法。
实施方式4与实施方式3所不同之处在于k的取值为k＞0(参见实施方式4：基于多项式拟合的变速率控压法)。实施方式4所提供的检测方法在解决准确度和重复性问题的基础上，还能够实现快速检测。
方案二中，所述估计值获取步骤，采用基于最小二乘的多项式拟合方法对上切换值检测值与升压速率或下切换值检测值与降压速率的关系进行拟合估计，并将升压速率或降压速率为零时对应的切换值估计值作为上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值。
所述判断步骤中规定量δ为设定精度，其值在所述压力开关精度的0.2-0.5倍的范围内。
在所述初始值获取步骤中，以较快的升压速率或降压速率改变所述压力管路内的压力，直到检测出所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，获取所述压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值Ri或下切换值初始值Fi，将所述压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率作为升压速率初始值v1i或降压速率初始值v2i。
与方案二对应的检测压力开关切换值的装置参见图10，包括压力发生器、压力传感器和压力管路，通过压力管路将压力发生器、压力传感器与所述压力开关连通，通过压力发生器来调整所述压力管路内的压力大小而使所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，其特征在于，还包括初始值获取单元、检测值获取单元、估计值获取单元和判断单元，其中：
初始值获取单元，控制所述压力发生器改变压力管路内的压力，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
检测值获取单元，控制所述压力发生器改变压力管路内的压力，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
估计值获取单元，接收所述检测值获取单元获取的数据值，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在 内的下切换值检测值进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的上切换值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000003
估计值或下切换值估计值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000004
其中，r＝1,2,3...；
判断单元，接收所述估计值获取单元获取的数据值，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，使所述检测值获取单元进行下一次获取操作；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
采用上述技术方案，本发明的技术效果是：本发明通过压力传感器将压力管路的压力变化实时传送给控制器，装设于控制器中的数据处理单元获取该压力变化值，按照预设的压力变化规律生成控制指令，通过压力控制元件来控制压力发生器改变管路内的压力，经过多次循环检测方式来完成压力开关切换值的检测。采用本发明提供的装置来完成压力开关切换值的检测，利用智能化实现快速检测，提高检测准确度，检测结果重复性好，减少人工成本，操作简单，工作可靠。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的检测压力开关切换值的装置的结构框图；
图2是本发明方案一的检测压力开关切换值的方法的流程图；
图3是本发明方案二的检测压力开关切换值的方法的流程图；
图4是现有的压力开关检测系统的示意图；
图5是实施方式1和实施方式2中压力变化速度与检测的压力切换值的关系图；
图6是实施方式3中压力变化速度与检测的压力切换值的关系图；
图7是实施方式4中压力变化速度与检测的压力切换值的关系图；
图8是实施方式5中压力变化速度与检测的压力切换值的关系图；
图9是本发明方案一对应的检测压力开关切换值的装置的结构框图；
图10是本发明方案一对应的检测压力开关切换值的装置的结构框图。
图中附图标记表示为：
1：压力发生器，2：压力控制元件，3：压力管路，4：压力传感器，5：控制器；51：存储单元，52：数据处理单元；6：电接口，7：管路接口；8：压力开关；
100：压力源，101：标准压力计，102：等压管路，103：压力开关，104：开关状态获取单元。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明的检测压力开关切换值的方法及装置进行详细说明。
本发明适用于各种压力开关的检测，实施例仅针对其中一种电子式压力开关进行说明，本发明的实施例并不限于这些特定示例性实施例，而是意指包括在本发明范围内的所有等效形式以及替代形式，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明公开内容。
图1为本发明实施例提供的检测压力开关切换值的装置的结构框图。如图1所示，该装置包括压力发生器1、压力控制元件2、压力管路3、压力传感器4和控制器5，其中，压力发生器1、压力传感器4通过压力管路3连接形成物理上的通路(图1中粗线表示)，与外部的压力开关8通过管路接口7与上述通路物理连通；压力控制元件2与压力发生器1连接用于控制压力发生器1，同时还连接到控制器5将压力控制数据存储在控制器5中，并接收来自控制器5的控制指令以传送至压力发生器1；控制器5与压力传感器4电连接，与外部压力开关8通过电接口6逻辑连接(包括电连接或无线电连接等方式)，以接收来自压力传感器4和压力开关8的信号，并且对接收的数据进行分析处理，并将生成的控制指令通过压力控制元件2发送给压力发生器1；压力管路3通过管路接口7与压力开关8的管路输入接口端连接，将压力发生器1所产生的压力传送到压力开关8中，同时控制器5与压力开关8的开关量输出端逻辑连接用于接收压力开关8触点动作的信号。
其中，压力发生器1可以是气压压力发生器，也可以是液压压力发生器，采用压力泵驱动；压力发生器1通过压力控制元件2接收来自控制器5的控制指令，控制压力泵按照不同速率增压或减压；压力控制元件2也可以将压力发生器1的状态传送到控制器5，并传送到外接设备9(例如计算机、液晶显示器或触摸屏)进行显示。
压力控制元件2可以作为独立的元件，置于压力发生器1和控制器5之间，起到信号输送、转换中介作用，例如，压力控制元件2可以为已有的集成控制元件；也可以集成到控制器5中或压力发生器1中，用于控制压力泵按照不同速率增压或减压。压力控制元件2能够接受来自控制器5的控制指令，也可以将压力发生器1的状态传送到控制器5，再经由控制器5传送到外接设备9。
压力传感器4安装于压力管路3上，用于检测压力管路3内的压力，并将压力信号转换成电信号传送给控制器5。
电接口6为设有多种电信号接口的集成元件，能够支持不同电信号的接入或输出，所述电接口包括开关数字量接口、USB接口、串口、以太网口等。电接口6可以电接入压力开关8的开关量输出端用于接收压力开关8触点动作的电信号，以将该 电信号送输至控制器5，或者电接入计算机、液晶显示器或者触摸屏等外接设备9，使得控制器5与外接设备9通过该电接口进行数据交互，用于数据采集、结果显示、程序下载、参数设定、远程调试以及系统更新等。因此本发明可由电接口6配置显示屏，制成手持式装置，方便现场使用；也可以作为固定式装置，接入计算机系统，实现远程监测。
管路接口7可以是设置在压力管路3上的固定接口，也可以是可拆卸、可替换的接口，可以根据压力开关8的管路输入接口端的形状特征进行替换。
控制器5可以包括存储单元51和数据处理单元52，存储单元51分别与压力控制元件2、压力传感器4以及通过电接口6传递的压力开关8电连接用于数据的接收、发送和存储，并具有与数据处理单元52进行数据交互的接口；数据处理单元52接收来自存储单元51的数据进行分析处理，并将生成的控制指令通过存储单元51发送给压力控制元件2。
控制器5的数据处理单元52通过存储单元51给压力发生器1发送控制指令，控制压力发生器1改变压力管路3内的压力，并接收压力传感器4获取的压力值以及压力开关8的状态信息，用以完成压力开关切换值检测中数据的处理。
已有的压力开关切换值检测大多是基于以下机理来实现的：在压力上升过程中，触发开关状态发生变化的压力值为上切换值R(真实值)，在压力下降过程中，触发开关状态变化的压力为下切换值F(真实值)，且R>F，则R-F称为回差。回差的存在增强了压力开关工作的稳定性，通常回差的大小视应用场合要求而不同。在测量的过程中，压力传感器4测得的压力数值为上或下切换值检测值，记为Ri或Fi，则测量误差εi为第i次切换值检测值减去真实值后所得到的值，即ε1i＝Ri-R，ε2i＝Fi-F，其中，i为测量序号，R为上切换值的真实值，Ri为第i次检测到的上切换值，ε1i为第i次上切换值的检测误差；F为下切换值的真实值，Fi为第i次检测到的下切换值，ε2i为第i次下切换值的检测误差。
压力管路3内的压力达到切换点时，需要经过多个环节才能获取启动触点动作信号，这些环节包括压力开关的压力测量、比较环节、开关的驱动、开关测量并捕获切换的响应时间以及压力传感器的读数时间等，这些因素会造成切换值的检测值大于或小于切换值真实值。
因此在测量过程中，时间延迟主要有两部分，一是从压力值到达切换点到输出触点动作的开关量时的延迟时间为t1，二是从接收到开关量到接收到压力传感器的读数的延迟时间为t2，则由以上两个方面的共同影响，则ε1i＝ε11+ε12，ε2i＝ε21+ε22，其中，ε1i为上切换值的检测误差，ε11为延迟时间t1引起的误差，ε12为延迟时间t2引起 的误差；ε2i为下切换值的检测误差，ε21为延迟时间t1引起的误差，ε22为延迟时间t2引起的误差。通常t1、t2比较小，因此该时间段内的平均压力变化率
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000005
可当作定值，即
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000006
多次检测过程中，压力传感器、压力开关的延迟基本不变，因此上切换值或下切换值检测误差ε1i、ε2i与触发压力开关动作时的压力变化率基本成正比。
若压力变化幅度为Δp，测量时间为t，压力变化率恒定为v，则在测量时间t足够下的情况下，t＝Δp/v，即测量时间t与压力变化率v大致成反比关系。
基于此，为了检测到较为准确的压力开关的切换值，希望在压力开关通断状态切换时压力变化率v趋于零；另一方面，为了节省测量时间，希望采用较大的压力变化率v进行压力扫描。实际操作中会因压力变化率过大而导致压力开关切换点检测结果不准确；每一检测过程的速率不一致导致重复性较差。
由以上分析可知，压力开关8的状态切换时压力变化速率越小，检测压力开关切换值的准确度越高，因此使用本发明采用压力变化速率逐次逼近零的方法进行压力开关的切换值的检测，使检测值逼近真实值，并采用作为设定精度的规定量δ作为检测终止循环的判断依据可以实现上述目的。
下面结合本发明装置对压力开关切换值的检测方法做详细描述。本发明提出两种实施方案。
方案一
图2为方案一的压力开关切换值检测方法流程图，该方法可用图1或图9所示的检测压力开关切换值的装置完成。该压力开关切换值的检测包括以下步骤：
S100初始值获取步骤：获取所述压力开关8在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关8状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20。
在该步骤中，以较快的升压速率或降压速率改变所述压力管路3内的压力，直到检测出所述压力开关8的通断状态发生切换，通过压力传感器4来获取所述压力开关8状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0或下切换值初始值F0，将所述压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率作为升压速率初始值v10或降压速率初始值v20。
此处，在初始值获取过程中，开始的升压速率或降压速率通常根据压力开关8的性能由经验值来确定，一般选取靠近升压速率经验值或降压速率经验值的上限以尽快逼近压力开关8的切换值，从而减少检测时间。
压力开关切换时的升压速率或降压速率可通过程序计算获得，即将压力传感器4读取一次压力管路3内的压力值到下一次读取压力管路3内的压力值的过程作为一个检测步，则压力开关切换时检测到的压力值减去上一检测步所检测到的压力值，再除以检测步所用时间，即为压力开关切换时的升压速率v10或降压速率v20；如果压力传感器4具有测速功能，也可以通过压力传感器4记录压力开关切换时的升压速率v10或降压速率v20；压力开关8切换时的升压速率或降压速率还可以根据经验值设定。
S200检测值获取步骤，以满足本次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)小的方式获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
上述检测值获取步骤中，从开始检测到压力值到压力开关8状态切换的过程中，升压速率或降压速率可以是压力开关合理范围内的任意大小，优选的，以比较快的升压速率或降压速率改变压力管路3内的压力，该速率可以是大致恒定的升压速率或降压速率，也可以是变化的升压速率或降压速率，例如，检测值获取步骤中的升压速率或降压速率为检测到的压力管路3内压力值的函数；当压力开关8状态切换时，满足升压速率或降压速率比上次压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)小的条件。
S300判断步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
在上述方法的判断步骤中，可采用最近两次获取的切换值检测值之差与所述规定量δ比较，进行判断方法是否终止，也可以采用最近三次或三次以上获取的切换值检测值的最大值和最小值之差与所述规定量δ比较，判断该方法是否终止，其中，所述规定量δ可根据压力开关8的精度以及应用场景的精度要求来设定，规定量δ可以是固定值，也可以不是固定值，例如，两次检测过程的判断步骤中所用的规定量δ的值不同；采用后一种方法得到的压力开关切换值可信度更高，相应地，检测时间可能会增加，可根据检测要求折中选择。
可选地，该方法在S100步骤之前还可以包括初始化步骤，对该方法中涉及到的 各个参数进行设置，例如规定量δ的设定，其他需要设置的参数根据具体的实施方式来确定；如果各个参数值固定为默认值，也可以忽略该步骤。
可选地，该方法在S300判断步骤之后还可以包括输出步骤，即将最后一次循环中得到的上切换值检测值和下切换值检测值作为压力开关8的上切换值和下切换值记录在控制器5中，并将结果传送给外接设备9。
上述步骤的实现过程可根据不同的实施方式具有不同的变形。
该方法可用于单独检测压力开关的上切换值或下切换值，也可用于同时检测压力开关的上切换值和下切换值。
下面以同时检测压力开关的上切换值和下切换值、并在上述判断步骤中采用最近两次获取切换值检测值最大值和最小值之差与所述规定量δ比较的情况为例，详细介绍两种不同实施方式(实施方式1和实施方式2)。
实施方式1：恒速率控压法
参见图2所示流程，实施方式1采用以下过程来检测压力开关的切换值：
初始值获取步骤：由压力发生器1以较快的升压速率或降压速率改变压力管路3内的压力，直到检测出所述压力开关8的通断状态发生切换，通过压力传感器4来获取所述压力开关8状态切换时压力管路3内的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0或下切换值初始值F0，以及相应的升压速率初始值v10或降压速率初始值v20，并将获取的值存储在控制器5中。
检测值获取步骤：由压力发生器1从下切换值F(i-1)处以Vi＝θV1(i-1)的升压速率升高压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8发生状态切换时压力传感器4获取的上切换值作为上切换值检测值Ri，以及获取压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v1i；由压力发生器1从上切换值Ri处以Vi＝θV2(i-1)的降压速率降低压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8发生状态切换时压力传感器4获取的下切值作为下切换值检测值Fi，以及获取压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v2i，并将所获得的检测值存储在控制器5中，其中，i为循环次数，θ为速率调整率，且满足i＝1,2,3...，0＜θ＜1。
判断步骤：若r≥1且满足：
max(Ri-1,Ri)-min(Ri-1,Ri)＜δ和max(Fi-1,Fi)-min(Fi-1,Fi)＜δ，则检测完成，将最后一次循环中得到的上切换值检测值和下切换值检测值作为压力开关8的上切换值和下切换值，并存储于控制器5中，退出循环；否则循环次数i加1，并转向检测值获取步骤，其中，规定量δ为设定精度，其取值范围为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍。
上述过程中，如果需要重新设置规定量δ和速率调整率θ等参数的值，则该实施方式还可以包括初始化步骤；如果所述设备连接外接设备9，则实施方式1还可包括 输出步骤。
上述过程中的循环次数取决于所设定的规定量δ、速率调整率θ以及初始升压速率v10和/或初始降压速率v20等，上述方法的检测值获取步骤中速率调整率θ越大，每次检测中升压速率或降压速率减小的越慢，需要的时间越短，但达到所需精度需要的检测次数一般会增加，总的检测时间相应的越长；相反速率调整率θ越小，每次检测中升压速率或降压速率减小的越快，相应的检测次数一般会减少，但每次检测执行时间越长。另外，每次检测中升压速率或降压速率与上次压开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率相比变化量很小时，得到的压力开关的上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值变化量也很小，特别是在升压速率或降压速率本身较大时，会出现得到的两次上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值的差值满足判断步骤中的判断条件，但得到的压力开关的上切换值或下切换值与真实值之间差别很大的情况。发明人通过努力研究得知，对于恒速率控压法来说，将速率调整率θ的范围控制在0.3≤θ≤0.7，能够消除上述缺陷。规定量δ一般参照压力开关的标称值和应用场景的精度要求进行设定，其取值范围可以为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍；所谓规定量δ的取值范围为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍，是指规定量δ的值可以是压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍的范围内的某个固定值，也可以不是固定值，例如，两次检测过程的判断步骤中所用的规定量δ的值不同。
实施方式2：变速率控压法
为了在满足作为设定精度的规定量δ的同时进一步减少检测时间，对上述方法的实施方式1进行改进，每一次检测过程中采用实时变化的升压速率和降压速率，即在距离压力开关状态切换点较远时，压力调整率较大，利于节省时间；在接近压力开关状态切换点时，压力变化率变小，检测误差降低。在检测过程中，将压力传感器4读取一次压力管路3内的压力值到下一次读取压力管路3内的压力值的过程作为一个检测步；将完成一次检测压力开关的上切换值和下切换值的过程作为一个循环。
实施方式2的变速率控压法所包括的各步骤与实施方式1的各步骤基本相同，区别在于，检测值获取步骤中压力发生器1改变压力管路3内的压力的规律不同，实施方式2所采用的检测值获取步骤如下：
检测值获取步骤：由压力发生器1从下切换值Fi-1处以Vij＝θv1(i-1)+k(Ri-1-pj)的升压速率升高压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8状态切换时压力传感器4获取的上切换值作为上切换值检测值Ri，以及获取压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v1i；其中，i为循环次数，i＝1,2,3,...，j为检测步数，j＝1,2,3,...，k为压力调整率，θ为速率 调整率，0＜k，0＜θ＜1；pj为压力传感器单元3第j检测步中所检测到的压力值；v1(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中获取上切换值检测值时的升压速率或升压速率初始值，Ri-1为在第i-1检测值获取步骤中检测到的上切换值检测值或上切换值初始值；
由压力发生器1从上切换值检测值Ri处以Vij＝θv2(i-1)+k(pj-Fi-1)的降压速率降低压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8状态切换时压力传感器4获取的下切值作为下切换值检测值Fi，以及获取压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v2i；并将上述获取的值存储于控制器5；其中，pj为压力传感器单元3第j检测步中所检测到的压力值；v2(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中压力开关8状态切换时的降压速率或降压速率初始值，Fi-1为在第i-1检测值获取步骤中检测到的下切换值检测值或下切换值初始值。
同样，该实施方式还可以包括初始化步骤和/或输出步骤。
采用实时变化的升压速率或降压速率改变压力管路3内的压力，检测压力开关的上或下切换值检测值，压力调整率k数值上为大于零的固定值。同样，速率调整率θ范围也需要消除在实时方式1中提到的缺陷，对于变速率控压法来说，速率调整率θ的范围控制在0.3≤θ≤0.7。规定量δ一般参照压力开关的标称值和应用场景的精度要求进行设定，其取值范围可以为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍；所谓规定量δ的取值范围为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍，是指规定量δ的值可以是压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍的范围内的某个固定值，也可以不是固定值，例如，两次检测过程的判断步骤中所用的规定量δ的值不同。
该方法可以进一步减少检测时间，使上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值很快逼近真实值，并且重复性较好。
方案二
图3为方案二的压力开关切换值检测方法流程图，该方法可用图1或图10所示的检测压力开关切换值的装置完成。该压力开关切换值的检测包括以下步骤：
S10初始值获取步骤：获取所述压力开关8在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关8状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20。
在该步骤中，以较快的升压速率或降压速率改变所述压力管路3内的压力，直到检测出所述压力开关8的通断状态发生切换，通过压力传感器4来获取所述压力开关8状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0或下切换值初始值F0，将所述压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率作为升压速率初始值v10或降压速率初始值v20。
此处，在初始值获取过程中，开始的升压速率或降压速率通常根据压力开关8的性能由经验值来确定，一般选取靠近升压速率经验值或降压速率经验值的上限以尽快逼近压力开关8的切换值，从而减少检测时间。
压力开关切换时的升压速率或降压速率可通过程序计算获得，即将压力传感器4读取一次压力管路3内的压力值到下一次读取压力管路3内的压力值的过程作为一个检测步，则压力开关切换时检测到的压力值减去上一检测步所检测到的压力值，再除以检测步所用时间，即为压力开关切换时的升压速率v10或降压速率v20；如果压力传感器4具有测速功能，也可以通过压力传感器4记录压力开关切换时的升压速率v10或降压速率v20；压力开关8切换时的升压速率或降压速率还可以根据经验值设定。
S20检测值获取步骤，获取压力开关8在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...。
上述检测值获取步骤中，从开始检测到压力开关8状态切换的过程中，升压速率或降压速率可以是合理范围内的任意大小的速率，优选的，以比较快的升压速率或降压速率改变压力管路3内的压力，该速率可以是大致恒定的升压速率或降压速率，也可以是变化的升压速率或降压速率，例如，检测值获取步骤中的升压速率或降压速率为检测到的压力管路3内压力值的函数。
S30估计值获取步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的上切换值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000007
估计值或下切换值估计值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000008
其中，r＝1,2,3...。
上述估计值获取步骤S30中可采用基于最小二乘的多项式拟合方法进行拟合估计，由于对于低阶方程来说，最小二乘法利用最佳平方逼近法可以在一个区间上比较均匀的逼近函数，且简单易行、实效性大。
S40判断步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤S20；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
在上述方法的判断步骤S40中，可采用最近两次获取的切换值估计值之差与所述规定量δ比较，进行判断方法是否终止，也可以采用最近三次或三次以上获取的切换值估计值的最大值和最小值之差与所述规定量δ比较，判断该方法是否终止， 其中，所述规定量δ可根据压力开关8的精度以及应用场景的精度要求来设定，规定量δ可以是固定值，也可以不是固定值，例如，两次检测过程的判断步骤中所用的规定量δ的值不同；采用后一种方法得到的压力开关切换值可信度更高，相应地，检测时间可能会增加，可根据检测要求折中选择。
可选地，该方法在S10步骤之前还可以包括初始化步骤，对该方法中涉及到的各个参数进行设置，例如规定量δ的设定，其他需要设置的参数根据具体的实施方式来确定；如果各个参数值固定为默认值，也可以忽略该步骤。
可选地，该方法在S40判断步骤之后还可以包括输出步骤，即将最后一次循环中得到的上切换值估计值和下切换值估计值作为压力开关8的上切换值和下切换值记录在控制器5中，并将结果传送给外接设备。
上述步骤的实现过程可根据不同的实施方式具有不同的变形。
该方法可用于单独检测压力开关的上切换值或下切换值，也可用于同时检测压力开关8的上切换值和下切换值。
下面以同时检测压力开关的上切换值和下切换值、并在上述判断步骤中采用最近两次获取的切换值估计值最大值和最小值之差与所述规定量δ比较的情况为例，详细介绍三种不同实施方式(实施方式3-5)。
实施方式3：基于多项式拟合的恒速率控压法
用图1所示的检测压力开关切换值的装置进行操作，在检测过程中以大致恒定的升压速率和降压速率来改变压力管路3内的压力，包括以下几个步骤：
初始值获取步骤：由压力发生器1以较快的升压速率或降压速率改变压力管路3内的压力，直到检测出所述压力开关8的通断状态发生切换，通过压力传感器4来获取所述压力开关8状态切换时压力管路3内的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0或下切换值初始值F0，以及相应的升压速率初始值v10或降压速率初始值v20，并将获取的值存储在控制器5中。
检测值获取步骤：由压力发生器1从下切换值F(i-1)处以Vi＝θV1(i-1)的升压速率升高压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8发生状态切换时压力传感器4获取的上切换值作为上切换值检测值Ri，以及获取压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v1i；由压力发生器1从上切换值Ri处以Vi＝θV2(i-1)的降压速率降低压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8发生状态切换时压力传感器4获取的下切值作为下切换值检测值Fi，以及获取压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v2i，并将所获得的检测值存储在控制器5中，其中，i为循环次数，θ为速率调整率，且满足i＝1,2,3...，0＜θ＜1。
估计值获取步骤：若i≥1，将最近两次获取到的包括上切换值初始值R0在内的上 切换值检测值Ri进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的上切换值估计值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000009
并将最近两次获取到的包括下切换值初始值F0在内的下切换值检测值Fi进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的下切换值估计值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000010
否则循环次数i加1，并转向检测值获取步骤，其中，r为估计次数，r＝1,2,3...。
判断步骤：若r≥2且满足：
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000011
和
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000012
则检测完成，将最后一次循环中得到的上切换值估计值和下切换值估计值作为压力开关8的上切换值和下切换值，并存储于控制器5中，退出循环；否则循环次数i加1，估计值个数r加1，并转向检测值获取步骤，其中，规定量δ的取值范围为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍。
上述方法中，如果需要重新设置规定量δ和速率调整率θ等参数的值，则该实施方式还可以包括初始化步骤；如果所述设备连接外接设备，则实施方式3还可包括输出步骤。
上述方法的循环次数取决于所设定的规定量δ、速率调整率θ以及初始升压速率v10和/或初始降压速率v20等，上述方法的检测值获取步骤中速率调整率θ越大，每次检测中升压速率或降压速率减小的越慢，需要的时间越短，但达到所需精度需要的检测次数一般会增加，总的检测时间相应的越长；相反速率调整率θ越小，每次检测中升压速率或降压速率减小的越快，相应的检测次数一般会减少，但每次检测执行时间越长，在实际检测中需要折中考虑。规定量δ一般参照压力开关的标称值和应用场景的精度要求进行设定，其取值范围可以为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍；所谓规定量δ的取值范围为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍，是指规定量δ的值可以是压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍的范围内的某个固定值，也可以不是固定值，例如，两次检测过程的判断步骤中所用的规定量δ的值不同。
实施方式4：基于多项式拟合的变速率控压法
为了在满足重复性指标δ的同时进一步减少检测时间，对上述方法的实施方式3进行改进，每一次检测过程中采用实时变化的升压速率和降压速率，即在距离压力开关状态切换点较远时，压力调整率较大，利于节省时间；在接近压力开关状态切换点时，压力变化率变小，检测误差降低。在检测过程中，将压力传感器4读取一次压力管路3内的压力值到下一次读取压力管路3内的压力值的过程作为一个检测步；将完成一次检测压力开关的上切换值和下切换值的过程作为一个循环。
实施方式4的变速率控压法所包括的各步骤与实施方式3的各步骤基本相同，区别在于，检测值获取步骤中压力发生器1改变压力管路3内的压力的规律不同， 实施方式4所采用的检测值获取步骤如下：
检测值获取步骤：由压力发生器1从下切换值Fi-1处以Vij＝θv1(i-1)+k(Ri-1-pj)的升压速率升高压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8状态切换时压力传感器4获取的上切换值作为上切换值检测值Ri，以及获取压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v1i；其中，i为循环次数，i＝1,2,3,...，j为检测步数，j＝1,2,3,...，k为压力调整率，θ为速率调整率，0＜k，0＜θ＜1；pj为压力传感器单元3第j检测步中所检测到的压力值；v1(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中获取上切换值检测值时的升压速率或升压速率初始值，Ri-1为在第i-1检测值获取步骤中检测到的上切换值检测值或上切换值初始值；
由压力发生器1从上切换值检测值Ri处以Vij＝θv2(i-1)+k(pj-Fi-1)的降压速率降低压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8状态切换时压力传感器4获取的下切值作为下切换值检测值Fi，以及获取压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v2i；并将上述获取的值存储于控制器5；其中，pj为压力传感器单元3第j检测步中所检测到的压力值；v2(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中压力开关8状态切换时的降压速率或降压速率初始值，Fi-1为在第i-1检测值获取步骤中检测到的下切换值检测值或下切换值初始值。
同样，该实施方式还可以包括初始化步骤和/或输出步骤。
采用实时变化的升压速率或降压速率改变压力管路3内的压力，检测压力开关的上或下切换值检测值，压力调整率k数值上为大于零的固定值。同样，规定量δ一般参照压力开关的标称值和应用场景的精度要求进行设定，其取值范围可以为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍；所谓规定量δ的取值范围为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍，是指规定量δ的值可以是压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍的范围内的某个固定值，也可以不是固定值，例如，两次检测过程的判断步骤中所用的规定量δ的值不同。
该方法可以进一步减少检测时间，使上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值很快逼近真实值，并且重复性较好。
实施方式5：模糊控压法
该实施方式中，控制器5根据压力传感器4获取的压力值以及压力开关8的状态信息，对压力管路的压力升降给出指示性引导规则；操作者可按照控制器5的指示操作压力发生器1来实现升压和降压过程。根据压力开关8的升压或降压上限速率，将上限速率划分为不同速率范围，例如，引导规则可以是简单的“慢升压”、“中速升压”、“快升压”、“慢降压”、“中速降压”、“快降压”等模糊引导规则。
具体地，该方法应用图1或图10所示的检测压力开关切换值的装置进行操作，在检测过程中操作者按照控制器5的指示操作压力发生器1来改变压力管路3内的压力，包括以下几个步骤：
初始值获取步骤：操作压力发生器1以较快的升压速率或降压速率改变压力管路3内的压力，直到检测出所述压力开关8的状态发生切换，通过压力传感器4来获取所述压力开关8状态切换时压力管路3内的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0或下切换值初始值F0，以及相应的升压速率初始值v10或降压速率初始值v20，并将获取的值存储在控制器5中。
检测值获取步骤：操作压力发生器1从下切换值F(i-1)处按照控制器5的模糊引导规则升高压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8发生状态切换时压力传感器4获取的上切换值作为上切换值检测值Ri，以及获取压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v1i；由压力发生器1从上切换值Ri处按照控制器5的模糊引导规则降低压力管路3内的压力，将压力开关8发生状态切换时压力传感器4获取的下切值作为下切换值检测值Fi，以及获取压力开关8状态切换时的升压速率v2i，并将所获得的检测值存储在控制器5中，其中，i为循环次数，θ为速率调整率，且满足i＝1,2,3...。
估计值获取步骤：若i≥1，将最近两次获取到的包括上切换值初始值R0在内的上切换值检测值Ri进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的上切换值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000013
并将最近两次获取到的包括下切换值初始值F0在内的下切换值检测值Fi进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的下切换值估计值
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000014
否则循环次数i加1，并转向检测值获取步骤，其中，r为估计次数，r＝1,2,3...。
判断步骤：若r≥2且满足：
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000015
和
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000016
则检测完成，将最后一次循环中得到的上切换值估计值和下切换值估计值作为压力开关8的上切换值和下切换值，并存储于控制器5中，退出循环；否则循环次数i加1，估计值个数r加1，并转向检测值获取步骤，其中，规定量δ的取值范围为压力开关8精度的0.2-0.5倍。
上述方法中，如果需要重新设置规定量δ和速率调整率θ等参数的值，则该实施方式还可以包括初始化步骤；如果所述设备连接外接设备9，则该实施方式还可包括输出步骤。
实施方式3和实施方式4均要求压力发生器1按照控制器5给出的升降压速率对压力管路的压力进行实时控制，一般需要配备自动测控装置来实施，具有准确、快速、方便的优点。实施方式5是本发明装置的简易实现，同样能够实现本发明方法对压力开关切换值进行准确的测量，并且能够使用现有的大部分压力发生装置，具有简单、实用、成本低的优点。
实施例
以下针对上述本发明检测压力开关切换值的实施方式进行实验验证，其中被测的压力开关为PN30-P060G14H3AQ的CATO压力开关，具体的参数指标如表1所示。
表1 被测压力开关的参数列表
被测对象 CATO电子压力开关
型号 PN30-P060G14H3AQ
量程(kPa) 6000
精度 0.5％f.s(0.5％量程)
在该实验中，以上述CATO压力开关为检测对象，在初始值获取步骤中，以固定的初始速率300kPa/s左右的升压速率升压或降压速率降压，获得上切换值初始值；速率调整率θ的取值范围为0.4～0.6，压力调整率k约为0.5,规定量δ设置为6kPa(0.1％量程)。
实施方式1和实施方式2的检测结果列在表2和表3中，其压力变化速度与检测的压力切换值之间的关系在图5中示出。如表2和表3所示，实施方式1在每次循环过程中采用恒速率控压法来恒速升高或降低压力管路3内的压力，循环5次能检测出上切换值4066kPa，耗时68.3秒，，循环6次能够检出下切换值3858kPa，耗时162.3秒；实施方式2采用变速率控压法需要循环6次得到上切换值4066kPa，耗时33.7秒，循环6次检出下切换值3852kPa，耗时53.5秒；并且检测循环终止时压力开关8状态切换时的速度变化率均减小为较小的速率，两种实施方式的检测结果的差值小于规定量δ(6kPa)，差异小，保证了检测结果的准确性；显然初始阶段采用较快的压力变化率(300kPa/s)迅速将压力扫描范围由0～6000kPa缩小至约3620～4300kPa以内，缩短了检测的时间；实施方式2采用变速率方式加速远离切换值时的测量过程，进一步大幅缩短了所需检测时间。
表2 实施方式1和实施方式2的上切换值的检测结果
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000018
表3 实施方式1和实施方式2的下切换值的检测结果
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000020
实施方式3的检测结果列在表4和表5中，其压力变化速度与检测的压力切换值之间的关系在图6中示出；实施方式4的检测结果列在表6和表7中，其压力变化速度与检测的压力切换值之间的关系在图7中示出；实施方式5的检测结果列在表8和表9中，其压力变化速度与检测的压力切换值之间的关系在图8中示出。
如表4-表7所示，实施方式3在每次循环过程中采用恒速率控压法来升高或降低压力管路3内的压力，循环4次能检测出上切换值4049kPa，耗时39.2秒，循环5次能够检出下切换值3863kPa，耗时89.9秒；实施方式4采用变速率控压法来升高或降低压力管路3内的压力，需要循环5次得到上切换值4051kPa，耗时33.7秒，循环4次检出下切换值3858kPa，耗时29.3秒；两种实施方式检测循环终止时压力开关8状态切换时的速度变化率均减小为较小的速率，两种实施方式的检测结果的差值小于规定量δ(即6kPa)，差异小，保证了检测结果的准确性；显然初始阶段采用较快的压力变化率(300kPa/s)迅速将压力扫描范围由0～6000kPa缩小至约3620～4300kPa以内，缩短了检测的时间；实施方式4采用变速率方式加速远离切换值时的测量过程，进一步大幅缩短了所需检测时间。
传统的手动检测压力开关8的切换值的方式，没有对压力开关切换值检出时的压力变化率做出具体要求，由人工经验很难保证检测结果的一致性和准确性(参见实施方式5中的切换值检测值)。
实施方式5采用模糊控压方法来升高或降低压力管路3内的压力，不要求逐渐减小升压速率或降压速率，对操作者要求低，实现简单。如表8和表9所示，只需循 环3次就能检测出上切换值4050kPa，循环4次能检测出下切换值3859kPa，与实施方式3和实施方式4的结果的差值小于规定量δ，保证了检测结果的准确性。表4
实施方式3的上切换值的检测结果
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000021
表5 实施方式3的下切换值的检测结果
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000023
表6 实施方式4的上切换值的检测结果
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000024
表7 实施方式4的下切换值的检测结果
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000025
表8 实施方式5的上切换值的检测结果
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000026
表9 实施方式5的下切换值的检测结果
Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-000027
工业应用性
本发明提供了一种能够快速完成压力开关的切换值检测的装置，适于工业制造；利用该装置能够经过多次循环检测方式来完成压力开关切换值的检测，不仅实现快速检测，而且检测重复性好、准确度高、使用方便，适于工业应用。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种用检测装置检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述检测装置包括通过压力管路与压力开关连通的压力发生器、压力控制元件、压力传感器和设有数据处理单元的控制器，压力传感器安装于压力管路上且与控制器电连接，压力控制元件与压力发生器电连接用于控制压力发生器，压力控制元件与控制器电连接，所述控制器的数据处理单元与所述压力传感器和压力开关电连接以获取数据进行分析处理并产生相应的控制指令，经由压力控制元件传送给压力发生器，以此来调整所述压力管路内的压力大小，而使所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，采用所述检测压力开关切换值的方法来检测所述压力开关的切换值；
    检测压力开关切换值的方法，包括以下步骤：
    初始值获取步骤，所述控制器的数据处理单元通过压力传感器获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
    检测值获取步骤，数据处理单元通过所述压力控制元件向压力发生器传送调整压力管路内压力大小(升压或降压)的指令，通过压力传感器获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
    判断步骤，数据处理单元将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，数据处理单元将最近一次获取的所述上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值而输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述控制器还包括存储单元，存储单元与压力控制元件、压力传感器电连接并进行数据交互，并具有与数据处理单元进行数据交互的接口，数据处理单元与存储单元进行数据交互。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述检测装置还包括与所述控制器电连接的电接口，所述压力开关通过该电接口向控制器传送压力开关发生切换动作的信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述检测装置还包括外接设备，所述外接设备通过所述电接口连接到所述控制器，所述电接口为设有多种接口的集成元件，包括开关数字量接口、USB接口、串口、无线接口以及以太网口，所述外接设备可为计算机、液晶显示屏和触摸屏中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，检测值获取步骤中，数据处理单元通过所述压力传感器以满足本次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)小的方式获取上切换值检测值Ri以及压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1i，或下切换值检测值Fi以及压力开关状态切换时的降压速率v2i。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，检测值获取步骤后还有估计值获取步骤，估计值获取步骤是数据处理单元将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的上切换值估计值
    Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-100001
    或下切换值估计值
    Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-100002
    其中，r＝1,2,3...。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，在所述估计值获取步骤中，采用基于最小二乘的多项式拟合方法对上切换值检测值与升压速率或下切换值检测值与降压速率的关系进行拟合估计，并将升压速率或降压速率为零时对应的切换值估计值作为上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述判断步骤是将最近两次或两次以上获取到的上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
  9. 一种用检测装置检测压力开关切换值的方法，
    其中，所述检测装置包括压力发生器、压力传感器和压力管路，通过压力管路将压力发生器、压力传感器和所述压力开关连通，通过压力发生器来调整所述压力管路内的压力大小，而使所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，所述检测装置采用所述检测压力开关切换值的方法来检测所述压力开关的切换值，
    所述检测压力开关切换值的方法，包括以下步骤：
    初始值获取步骤，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初 始值v20；
    检测值获取步骤，以满足本次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)小的方式获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
    判断步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
  10. 一种用检测装置检测压力开关切换值的方法，
    其中，所述检测装置包括压力发生器、压力传感器和压力管路，通过压力管路将压力发生器、压力传感器和所述压力开关连通，通过压力发生器来调整所述压力管路内的压力大小，而使所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，所述检测装置采用所述检测压力开关切换值的方法来检测所述压力开关的切换值，
    所述检测压力开关切换值的方法，包括以下步骤：
    初始值获取步骤，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
    检测值获取步骤，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
    估计值获取步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的上切换值估计值
    Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-100003
    或下切换值估计值
    Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-100004
    其中，r＝1,2,3...；
    判断步骤，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，返回所述检测值获取步骤；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，在所述估计值获取步骤中，采用基于最小二乘的多项式拟合方法对上切换值检测值与升压速率或下切换值检测值与降压速率的关系进行拟合估计，并将升压速率或降压速率为零时对应的切换值估计值作为上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其特征在于，所述检测值获取步骤中，以满足本次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率与上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)不同的方式获取压力开关切换时的上切换值检测值Ri或下切换值检测值Fi。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述判断步骤中，所述规定量δ为设定精度，其值在所述压力开关精度的0.2-0.5倍的范围内。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其特征在于，所述检测值获取步骤中，将升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)减小，以该减小后的升压速率或降压速率加上一速率调整量来改变所述管路内的压力。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述检测值获取步骤中的速率调整量随着压力管路内的压力值接近上次获取的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或者包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值而变小。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述速率调整量为管路内压力值的函数，所述函数表示为ΔVij＝k(Ri-1-pj)，所述升压速率表示为Vij＝θv1(i-1)+ΔVij，其中，ΔVij为第i检测值获取步骤中的第j检测步的速率调整量，Vij为第i检测值获取步骤中的升压速率，v1(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中获取上切换值检测值时的升压速率，Ri-1为在第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中检测到的上切换值检测值，pj为在所述第j检测步所检测到压力管路内的压力值，k为压力调整率，θ为速率调整率，且满足k≥0，0＜θ＜1，i＝1,2,3,...，j＝1,2,3,...。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述速率调整量为管路内压力值的函数，所述函数表示为ΔVij＝k(pj-Fi-1)，所述降压速率表示为Vij＝θv2(i-1)+ΔVij，其中，ΔVij为第i检测值获取步骤中的第j检测步的速率调整量，Vij为第i检测值获取步骤中的降压速率，v2(i-1)为第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中获取下切换值检测值时的降压速率，Fi-1为在第(i-1)检测值获取步骤中检测到的下切换值检测值，pj为在所述第j检测步所检测到压力管路内的压力值，k为压力调整率，θ为速率调整率，且满足k≥0，0＜θ＜1，i＝1,2,3,...，j＝1,2,3,...。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，所述速率调整率θ满足θ≥0.3且θ≤0.7。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18任一项所述的检测压力开关切换值的方法，其中，在所述初始值获取步骤中，以较快的升压速率或降压速率改变所述压力管路内的压力，直到检测出所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，获取所述压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值Ri或下切换值初始值Fi，将所述压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率作为升压速率初始值v1i或降压速率初始值v2i。
  20. 一种检测压力开关切换值的装置，包括通过压力管路与压力开关连通的压力发生器，其中，还包括压力控制元件、压力传感器和设有数据处理单元的控制器，压力传感器安装于压力管路上且与控制器电连接，压力控制元件与压力发生器电连接用于控制压力发生器，压力控制元件与控制器电连接，所述控制器的数据处理单元与所述压力传感器和压力开关电连接以获取数据进行分析处理并产生相应的控制指令，经由压力控制元件传送给压力发生器。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的检测压力开关切换值的装置，其中，所述控制器还包括存储单元，存储单元与压力控制元件、压力传感器电连接并进行数据交互，并具有与数据处理单元进行数据交互的接口。
  22. 根据权利要求20或21所述的检测压力开关切换值的装置，其中，还包括与所述控制器电连接的电接口，所述电接口为设有多种接口的集成元件，包括开关数字量接口、USB接口、串口、无线接口以及以太网口。
  23. 根据权利要求20或21或22所述的检测压力开关切换值的装置，其中，还包括连接到所述控制器的外接设备，所述外接设备包括计算机、液晶显示屏或触摸屏。
  24. 一种检测压力开关切换值的装置，包括压力发生器、压力传感器和压力管路，通过压力管路将压力发生器、压力传感器与所述压力开关连通，通过压力发生器来调整所述压力管路内的压力大小而使所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，其中，还包括初始值获取单元、检测值获取单元和判断单元，其中：
    初始值获取单元，控制所述压力发生器改变压力管路内的压力，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
    检测值获取单元，控制所述压力发生器改变压力管路内的压力，使得以满足本次压力开关状态切换时的升压速率或降压速率较上次压力开关状态切换时的升压速 率v1(i-1)或降压速率v2(i-1)小的方式获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
    判断单元，接收所述检测值获取单元获取的数据值，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，使所述检测值获取单元进行下一次获取操作；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值检测值或下切换值检测值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
  25. 一种检测压力开关切换值的装置，包括压力发生器、压力传感器和压力管路，通过压力管路将压力发生器、压力传感器与所述压力开关连通，通过压力发生器来调整所述压力管路内的压力大小而使所述压力开关的通断状态发生切换，其特征在于，还包括初始值获取单元、检测值获取单元、估计值获取单元和判断单元，其中：
    初始值获取单元，控制所述压力发生器改变压力管路内的压力，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值初始值R0以及对应的升压速率作为升压速率初始值v10，或降压过程中压力开关状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值初始值F0以及对应的降压速率作为降压速率初始值v20；
    检测值获取单元，控制所述压力发生器改变压力管路内的压力，获取所述压力开关在升压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为上切换值检测值Ri以及对应的升压速率v1i，或在降压过程中状态切换时的压力值作为下切换值检测值Fi以及对应的降压速率v2i，其中，i＝1,2,3...；
    估计值获取单元，接收所述检测值获取单元获取的数据值，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的包括上切换值初始值在内的上切换值检测值或包括下切换值初始值在内的下切换值检测值进行拟合估计，获取所述压力开关的上切换值
    Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-100005
    估计值或下切换值估计值
    Figure PCTCN2016080363-appb-100006
    其中，r＝1,2,3...；
    判断单元，接收所述估计值获取单元获取的数据值，将最近两次或两次以上获取到的上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值中的最大值与最小值之间的差值与规定量δ进行比较，当所述差值大于或等于所述规定量δ时，使所述检测值获取单元进行下一次获取操作；当所述差值小于所述规定量δ时，将最近一次获取的所述上切换值估计值或下切换值估计值作为所述压力开关的上切换值或下切换值。
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