WO2017164297A1 - Procédé et dispositif de codage d'une vidéo à l'aide d'une quantification adaptative du type dépendant d'un signal et décodage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de codage d'une vidéo à l'aide d'une quantification adaptative du type dépendant d'un signal et décodage Download PDF

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WO2017164297A1
WO2017164297A1 PCT/JP2017/011677 JP2017011677W WO2017164297A1 WO 2017164297 A1 WO2017164297 A1 WO 2017164297A1 JP 2017011677 W JP2017011677 W JP 2017011677W WO 2017164297 A1 WO2017164297 A1 WO 2017164297A1
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unit
quantization parameter
quantization
transform coefficients
block
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PCT/JP2017/011677
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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チョン スン リム
西　孝啓
遠間　正真
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パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Priority to US16/086,512 priority Critical patent/US10939105B2/en
Priority to JP2018507404A priority patent/JP6895645B2/ja
Priority to CN201780017970.4A priority patent/CN109417620B/zh
Priority to DE112017001540.5T priority patent/DE112017001540B4/de
Publication of WO2017164297A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017164297A1/fr
Priority to US17/145,531 priority patent/US11523116B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
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    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
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    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
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    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
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    • H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
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    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/18—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a set of transform coefficients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to encoding and decoding of images and moving images using quantization to compress information.
  • next-generation moving images for example, 4K resolution or 8K resolution
  • encoding efficiency exceeding the current encoding performance is required. So far, research and experiments on adaptive quantization technology have been conducted, and as a result, improvement in coding efficiency has been proven.
  • an encoder can improve the efficiency of coding by increasing bits more spatially between image blocks of the same picture or temporally between different pictures. It becomes possible to assign flexibly.
  • adaptation is usually performed in units of image blocks or pictures, and some form of signaling is required at the block level in the compressed bitstream.
  • the signal bits When a video encoder instructs the decoder to select one mode among a number of operating modes, the signal bits must be encoded into a bitstream for this determination. When this determination is performed in a small unit (for example, a 4 ⁇ 4 block unit) and when the number of operation modes is large, the signaling bits have a considerable length. Since the size of the signaling bit is a problem, in many cases, it is preferable not to perform signaling in the smallest unit. Due to such a problem, the coding efficiency of the adaptation tool is reduced.
  • the present disclosure provides an encoding method and a decoding method that can improve subjective image quality and improve encoding efficiency in encoding and decoding of a moving image using adaptive quantization technology.
  • An encoding method includes dequantizing one or more quantized first transform coefficients, and performing quantization based on the dequantized one or more first transform coefficients A parameter is derived, and the quantized second transform coefficient is inversely quantized based on the derived quantization parameter.
  • a decoding method includes inverse quantization of one or more quantized first transform coefficients, and quantization parameters based on the inversely quantized one or more first transform coefficients. And the quantized second transform coefficient is inversely quantized based on the derived quantization parameter.
  • a recording medium such as a system, an apparatus, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a computer-readable CD-ROM.
  • the system, the apparatus, the integrated circuit, and the computer program Also, any combination of recording media may be realized.
  • the encoding method and decoding method according to one aspect of the present disclosure can improve subjective image quality and improve encoding efficiency in encoding and decoding of moving images using adaptive quantization technology.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the encoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of block division in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a table showing conversion basis functions corresponding to each conversion type.
  • FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of the shape of a filter used in ALF.
  • FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating another example of the shape of a filter used in ALF.
  • FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating another example of the shape of a filter used in ALF.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating 67 intra prediction modes in intra prediction.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining pattern matching (bilateral matching) between two blocks along the motion trajectory.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the encoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of block division in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a table showing conversion basis functions
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining pattern matching (template matching) between a template in the current picture and a block in the reference picture.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a model assuming constant velocity linear motion.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the derivation of motion vectors in units of sub-blocks based on the motion vectors of a plurality of adjacent blocks.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the decoding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization processing in the encoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization processing in the decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization processing in the coding apparatus according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization processing in the decoding apparatus according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization processing in the encoding apparatus according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization processing in the decoding apparatus according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization processing in the coding apparatus according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization processing in the decoding apparatus according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit of the encoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit of the decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit of the encoding apparatus according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit of the decoding apparatus according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit of the encoding device according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit of the decoding apparatus according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit of the encoding apparatus according to the third modification of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit of the decoding apparatus according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of examples of control parameter positions in an encoded video stream.
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating an example of inverse quantization of transform coefficients of a block of 8 ⁇ 8 pixel size.
  • FIG. 29A is a diagram illustrating an example of adjustment of the relationship between the transform coefficient and the quantization parameter based on the intensity parameter.
  • FIG. 29B is a diagram illustrating an example of switching the relationship between the transform coefficient and the quantization parameter based on the selection parameter.
  • FIG. 30 is an overall configuration diagram of a content supply system that implements a content distribution service.
  • FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of a coding structure at the time of scalable coding.
  • FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an example of a coding structure at the time of scalable coding.
  • FIG. 33 shows an example of a web page display screen.
  • FIG. 34 shows an example of a web page display screen.
  • FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating an example of a smartphone.
  • FIG. 36 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a smartphone.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of encoding apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the encoding device 100 is a moving image / image encoding device that encodes moving images / images in units of blocks.
  • an encoding apparatus 100 is an apparatus that encodes an image in units of blocks, and includes a dividing unit 102, a subtracting unit 104, a transforming unit 106, a quantizing unit 108, and entropy encoding.
  • Unit 110 inverse quantization unit 112, inverse transform unit 114, addition unit 116, block memory 118, loop filter unit 120, frame memory 122, intra prediction unit 124, inter prediction unit 126, A prediction control unit 128.
  • the encoding device 100 is realized by, for example, a general-purpose processor and a memory.
  • the processor when the software program stored in the memory is executed by the processor, the processor performs the division unit 102, the subtraction unit 104, the conversion unit 106, the quantization unit 108, the entropy encoding unit 110, and the inverse quantization unit 112.
  • the encoding apparatus 100 includes a dividing unit 102, a subtracting unit 104, a transforming unit 106, a quantizing unit 108, an entropy coding unit 110, an inverse quantizing unit 112, an inverse transforming unit 114, an adding unit 116, and a loop filter unit 120.
  • the intra prediction unit 124, the inter prediction unit 126, and the prediction control unit 128 may be implemented as one or more dedicated electronic circuits.
  • the dividing unit 102 divides each picture included in the input moving image into a plurality of blocks, and outputs each block to the subtracting unit 104.
  • the dividing unit 102 first divides a picture into blocks of a fixed size (for example, 128 ⁇ 128).
  • This fixed size block may be referred to as a coding tree unit (CTU).
  • the dividing unit 102 divides each of the fixed size blocks into blocks of a variable size (for example, 64 ⁇ 64 or less) based on recursive quadtree and / or binary tree block division.
  • This variable size block may be referred to as a coding unit (CU), a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
  • CU, PU, and TU do not need to be distinguished, and some or all blocks in a picture may be processing units of CU, PU, and TU.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of block division in the first embodiment.
  • a solid line represents a block boundary by quadtree block division
  • a broken line represents a block boundary by binary tree block division.
  • the block 10 is a 128 ⁇ 128 pixel square block (128 ⁇ 128 block).
  • the 128 ⁇ 128 block 10 is first divided into four square 64 ⁇ 64 blocks (quadtree block division).
  • the upper left 64 ⁇ 64 block is further divided vertically into two rectangular 32 ⁇ 64 blocks, and the left 32 ⁇ 64 block is further divided vertically into two rectangular 16 ⁇ 64 blocks (binary tree block division). As a result, the upper left 64 ⁇ 64 block is divided into two 16 ⁇ 64 blocks 11 and 12 and a 32 ⁇ 64 block 13.
  • the upper right 64 ⁇ 64 block is horizontally divided into two rectangular 64 ⁇ 32 blocks 14 and 15 (binary tree block division).
  • the lower left 64x64 block is divided into four square 32x32 blocks (quadrant block division). Of the four 32 ⁇ 32 blocks, the upper left block and the lower right block are further divided.
  • the upper left 32 ⁇ 32 block is vertically divided into two rectangular 16 ⁇ 32 blocks, and the right 16 ⁇ 32 block is further divided horizontally into two 16 ⁇ 16 blocks (binary tree block division).
  • the lower right 32 ⁇ 32 block is horizontally divided into two 32 ⁇ 16 blocks (binary tree block division).
  • the lower left 64 ⁇ 64 block is divided into a 16 ⁇ 32 block 16, two 16 ⁇ 16 blocks 17 and 18, two 32 ⁇ 32 blocks 19 and 20, and two 32 ⁇ 16 blocks 21 and 22.
  • the lower right 64x64 block 23 is not divided.
  • the block 10 is divided into 13 variable-size blocks 11 to 23 based on the recursive quadtree and binary tree block division.
  • Such division may be called QTBT (quad-tree plus binary tree) division.
  • one block is divided into four or two blocks (quadrature tree or binary tree block division), but the division is not limited to this.
  • one block may be divided into three blocks (triple tree block division).
  • Such a division including a tri-tree block division may be called an MBT (multi type tree) division.
  • the subtraction unit 104 subtracts the prediction signal (prediction sample) from the original signal (original sample) in units of blocks divided by the division unit 102. That is, the subtraction unit 104 calculates a prediction error (also referred to as a residual) of a coding target block (hereinafter referred to as a current block). Then, the subtraction unit 104 outputs the calculated prediction error to the conversion unit 106.
  • a prediction error also referred to as a residual of a coding target block (hereinafter referred to as a current block).
  • the original signal is an input signal of the encoding device 100, and is a signal (for example, a luminance (luma) signal and two color difference (chroma) signals) representing an image of each picture constituting the moving image.
  • a signal representing an image may be referred to as a sample.
  • the transform unit 106 transforms the prediction error in the spatial domain into a transform factor in the frequency domain, and outputs the transform coefficient to the quantization unit 108. Specifically, the transform unit 106 performs, for example, a predetermined discrete cosine transform (DCT) or discrete sine transform (DST) on a prediction error in the spatial domain.
  • DCT discrete cosine transform
  • DST discrete sine transform
  • the conversion unit 106 adaptively selects a conversion type from a plurality of conversion types, and converts a prediction error into a conversion coefficient using a conversion basis function corresponding to the selected conversion type. May be. Such a conversion may be referred to as EMT (explicit multiple core transform) or AMT (adaptive multiple transform).
  • the plurality of conversion types include, for example, DCT-II, DCT-V, DCT-VIII, DST-I and DST-VII.
  • FIG. 3 is a table showing conversion basis functions corresponding to each conversion type. In FIG. 3, N indicates the number of input pixels. Selection of a conversion type from among these multiple conversion types may depend on, for example, the type of prediction (intra prediction and inter prediction), or may depend on an intra prediction mode.
  • Information indicating whether or not to apply such EMT or AMT (for example, called an AMT flag) and information indicating the selected conversion type are signaled at the CU level.
  • AMT flag information indicating whether or not to apply such EMT or AMT
  • the signalization of these pieces of information need not be limited to the CU level, but may be other levels (for example, a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, or a CTU level).
  • the conversion unit 106 may reconvert the conversion coefficient (conversion result). Such reconversion is sometimes referred to as AST (adaptive secondary transform) or NSST (non-separable secondary transform). For example, the conversion unit 106 performs re-conversion for each sub-block (for example, 4 ⁇ 4 sub-block) included in the block of the conversion coefficient corresponding to the intra prediction error. Information indicating whether or not NSST is applied and information related to the transformation matrix used for NSST are signaled at the CU level. Note that the signalization of these pieces of information need not be limited to the CU level, but may be other levels (for example, a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, or a CTU level).
  • the quantization unit 108 quantizes the transform coefficient output from the transform unit 106. Specifically, the quantization unit 108 scans the transform coefficients of the current block in a predetermined scanning order, and quantizes the transform coefficients based on the quantization parameter (QP) corresponding to the scanned transform coefficients. Then, the quantization unit 108 outputs the quantized transform coefficient (hereinafter referred to as a quantization coefficient) of the current block to the entropy encoding unit 110 and the inverse quantization unit 112.
  • QP quantization parameter
  • the predetermined order is an order for quantization / inverse quantization of transform coefficients.
  • the predetermined scanning order is defined in ascending order of frequency (order from low frequency to high frequency) or descending order (order from high frequency to low frequency).
  • the quantization parameter is a parameter that defines a quantization step (quantization width). For example, if the value of the quantization parameter increases, the quantization step also increases. That is, if the value of the quantization parameter increases, the quantization error increases.
  • the entropy encoding unit 110 generates an encoded signal (encoded bit stream) by performing variable length encoding on the quantization coefficient that is input from the quantization unit 108. Specifically, the entropy encoding unit 110 binarizes the quantization coefficient, for example, and arithmetically encodes the binary signal.
  • the inverse quantization unit 112 inversely quantizes the quantization coefficient that is an input from the quantization unit 108. Specifically, the inverse quantization unit 112 inversely quantizes the quantization coefficient of the current block in a predetermined scanning order. Then, the inverse quantization unit 112 outputs the inverse-quantized transform coefficient of the current block to the inverse transform unit 114.
  • the inverse transform unit 114 restores the prediction error by inverse transforming the transform coefficient that is an input from the inverse quantization unit 112. Specifically, the inverse transform unit 114 restores the prediction error of the current block by performing an inverse transform corresponding to the transform by the transform unit 106 on the transform coefficient. Then, the inverse transformation unit 114 outputs the restored prediction error to the addition unit 116.
  • the restored prediction error does not match the prediction error calculated by the subtraction unit 104 because information is lost due to quantization. That is, the restored prediction error includes a quantization error.
  • the adder 116 reconstructs the current block by adding the prediction error input from the inverse transform unit 114 and the prediction signal input from the prediction control unit 128. Then, the adding unit 116 outputs the reconfigured block to the block memory 118 and the loop filter unit 120.
  • the reconstructed block is sometimes referred to as a local decoding block.
  • the block memory 118 is a storage unit for storing blocks in an encoding target picture (hereinafter referred to as current picture) that are referred to in intra prediction. Specifically, the block memory 118 stores the reconstructed block output from the adding unit 116.
  • the loop filter unit 120 applies a loop filter to the block reconstructed by the adding unit 116 and outputs the filtered reconstructed block to the frame memory 122.
  • the loop filter is a filter (in-loop filter) used in the encoding loop, and includes, for example, a deblocking filter (DF), a sample adaptive offset (SAO), an adaptive loop filter (ALF), and the like.
  • a least square error filter is applied to remove coding distortion. For example, for each 2 ⁇ 2 sub-block in the current block, a plurality of multiples based on the direction of the local gradient and the activity are provided. One filter selected from the filters is applied.
  • sub-blocks for example, 2 ⁇ 2 sub-blocks
  • a plurality of classes for example, 15 or 25 classes.
  • the direction value D of the gradient is derived, for example, by comparing gradients in a plurality of directions (for example, horizontal, vertical, and two diagonal directions).
  • the gradient activation value A is derived, for example, by adding gradients in a plurality of directions and quantizing the addition result.
  • a filter for a sub-block is determined from among a plurality of filters.
  • FIG. 4A to 4C are diagrams showing a plurality of examples of filter shapes used in ALF.
  • 4A shows a 5 ⁇ 5 diamond shape filter
  • FIG. 4B shows a 7 ⁇ 7 diamond shape filter
  • FIG. 4C shows a 9 ⁇ 9 diamond shape filter.
  • Information indicating the shape of the filter is signalized at the picture level. It should be noted that the signalization of the information indicating the filter shape need not be limited to the picture level, but may be another level (for example, a sequence level, a slice level, a tile level, a CTU level, or a CU level).
  • ON / OFF of ALF is determined at the picture level or the CU level, for example. For example, for luminance, it is determined whether to apply ALF at the CU level, and for color difference, it is determined whether to apply ALF at the picture level.
  • Information indicating ALF on / off is signaled at the picture level or the CU level. Signaling of information indicating ALF on / off need not be limited to the picture level or the CU level, and may be performed at other levels (for example, a sequence level, a slice level, a tile level, or a CTU level). Good.
  • a coefficient set of a plurality of selectable filters (for example, up to 15 or 25 filters) is signalized at the picture level.
  • the signalization of the coefficient set need not be limited to the picture level, but may be another level (for example, sequence level, slice level, tile level, CTU level, CU level, or sub-block level).
  • the frame memory 122 is a storage unit for storing a reference picture used for inter prediction, and is sometimes called a frame buffer. Specifically, the frame memory 122 stores the reconstructed block filtered by the loop filter unit 120.
  • the intra prediction unit 124 generates a prediction signal (intra prediction signal) by referring to the block in the current picture stored in the block memory 118 and performing intra prediction (also referred to as intra-screen prediction) of the current block. Specifically, the intra prediction unit 124 generates an intra prediction signal by performing intra prediction with reference to a sample (for example, luminance value and color difference value) of a block adjacent to the current block, and performs prediction control on the intra prediction signal. To the unit 128.
  • the intra prediction unit 124 performs intra prediction using one of a plurality of predefined intra prediction modes.
  • the plurality of intra prediction modes include one or more non-directional prediction modes and a plurality of directional prediction modes.
  • One or more non-directional prediction modes are for example H.264. It includes Planar prediction mode and DC prediction mode defined by H.265 / HEVC (High-Efficiency Video Coding) standard (Non-patent Document 1).
  • the multiple directionality prediction modes are H. It includes 33-direction prediction modes defined in the H.265 / HEVC standard. In addition to the 33 directions, the plurality of directionality prediction modes may further include 32 direction prediction modes (a total of 65 directionality prediction modes).
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating 67 intra prediction modes (two non-directional prediction modes and 65 directional prediction modes) in intra prediction. The solid line arrows The 33 directions defined in the H.265 / HEVC standard are represented, and the dashed arrow represents the added 32 directions.
  • the luminance block may be referred to in the intra prediction of the color difference block. That is, the color difference component of the current block may be predicted based on the luminance component of the current block.
  • Such intra prediction is sometimes called CCLM (cross-component linear model) prediction.
  • the intra prediction mode (for example, called CCLM mode) of the color difference block which refers to such a luminance block may be added as one of the intra prediction modes of the color difference block.
  • the intra prediction unit 124 may correct the pixel value after intra prediction based on the gradient of the reference pixel in the horizontal / vertical direction. Intra prediction with such correction may be called PDPC (position dependent intra prediction combination). Information indicating whether or not PDPC is applied (for example, referred to as a PDPC flag) is signaled, for example, at the CU level.
  • the signalization of this information need not be limited to the CU level, but may be another level (for example, a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, or a CTU level).
  • the inter prediction unit 126 refers to a reference picture stored in the frame memory 122 and is different from the current picture, and performs inter prediction (also referred to as inter-screen prediction) of the current block, thereby generating a prediction signal (inter prediction signal). Prediction signal). Inter prediction is performed in units of a current block or a sub-block (for example, 4 ⁇ 4 block) in the current block. For example, the inter prediction unit 126 performs motion estimation in the reference picture for the current block or sub-block. Then, the inter prediction unit 126 generates an inter prediction signal of the current block or sub-block by performing motion compensation using motion information (for example, a motion vector) obtained by motion search. Then, the inter prediction unit 126 outputs the generated inter prediction signal to the prediction control unit 128.
  • inter prediction also referred to as inter-screen prediction
  • a motion vector predictor may be used for signalizing the motion vector. That is, the difference between the motion vector and the predicted motion vector may be signaled.
  • an inter prediction signal may be generated using not only the motion information of the current block obtained by motion search but also the motion information of adjacent blocks. Specifically, the inter prediction signal is generated in units of sub-blocks in the current block by weighted addition of the prediction signal based on the motion information obtained by motion search and the prediction signal based on the motion information of adjacent blocks. May be.
  • Such inter prediction motion compensation
  • OBMC overlapped block motion compensation
  • OBMC block size information indicating the size of a sub-block for OBMC
  • OBMC flag information indicating whether or not to apply the OBMC mode
  • the level of signalization of these information does not need to be limited to the sequence level and the CU level, and may be other levels (for example, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, a CTU level, or a sub-block level). Good.
  • the motion information may be derived on the decoding device side without being converted into a signal.
  • H.M. A merge mode defined in the H.265 / HEVC standard may be used.
  • the motion information may be derived by performing motion search on the decoding device side. In this case, motion search is performed without using the pixel value of the current block.
  • the mode in which the motion search is performed on the decoding device side is sometimes referred to as a PMMVD (patterned motion vector derivation) mode or an FRUC (frame rate up-conversion) mode.
  • PMMVD patterned motion vector derivation
  • FRUC frame rate up-conversion
  • one of the candidates included in the merge list is selected as a search start position by pattern matching.
  • the pattern matching the first pattern matching or the second pattern matching is used.
  • the first pattern matching and the second pattern matching may be referred to as bilateral matching and template matching, respectively.
  • pattern matching is performed between two blocks in two different reference pictures that follow the motion trajectory of the current block.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining pattern matching (bilateral matching) between two blocks along a motion trajectory.
  • pattern matching bilateral matching
  • two blocks along the motion trajectory of the current block (Cur block) and two blocks in two different reference pictures (Ref0, Ref1) are used.
  • Ref0, Ref1 two blocks in two different reference pictures
  • the motion vectors (MV0, MV1) pointing to the two reference blocks are temporal distances between the current picture (Cur Pic) and the two reference pictures (Ref0, Ref1). It is proportional to (TD0, TD1).
  • the first pattern matching uses a mirror-symmetric bi-directional motion vector Is derived.
  • pattern matching is performed between a template in the current picture (a block adjacent to the current block in the current picture (for example, an upper and / or left adjacent block)) and a block in the reference picture.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining pattern matching (template matching) between a template in the current picture and a block in the reference picture.
  • the current block is searched by searching the reference picture (Ref0) for the block that most closely matches the block adjacent to the current block (Cur block) in the current picture (Cur Pic).
  • Ref0 the reference picture
  • FRUC flag Information indicating whether or not to apply such FRUC mode
  • FRUC flag information indicating whether or not to apply such FRUC mode
  • the FRUC mode is applied (for example, when the FRUC flag is true)
  • information indicating the pattern matching method (first pattern matching or second pattern matching) (for example, called the FRUC mode flag) is signaled at the CU level. It becomes. Note that the signalization of these pieces of information need not be limited to the CU level, but may be other levels (for example, sequence level, picture level, slice level, tile level, CTU level, or sub-block level). .
  • motion information may be derived on the decoding device side by a method different from motion search.
  • the motion vector correction amount may be calculated using a peripheral pixel value for each pixel based on a model assuming constant velocity linear motion.
  • BIO bi-directional optical flow
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a model assuming constant velocity linear motion.
  • (v x , v y ) indicates a velocity vector
  • ⁇ 0 and ⁇ 1 are the time between the current picture (Cur Pic) and two reference pictures (Ref 0 , Ref 1 ), respectively.
  • the distance. (MVx 0 , MVy 0 ) indicates a motion vector corresponding to the reference picture Ref 0
  • (MVx 1 , MVy 1 ) indicates a motion vector corresponding to the reference picture Ref 1 .
  • This optical flow equation consists of (i) the product of the time derivative of the luminance value, (ii) the horizontal component of the horizontal velocity and the spatial gradient of the reference image, and (iii) the vertical velocity and the spatial gradient of the reference image. Indicates that the sum of the products of the vertical components of is equal to zero. Based on a combination of this optical flow equation and Hermite interpolation, a block-based motion vector obtained from a merge list or the like is corrected in pixel units.
  • the motion vector may be derived on the decoding device side by a method different from the derivation of the motion vector based on the model assuming constant velocity linear motion.
  • a motion vector may be derived for each subblock based on the motion vectors of a plurality of adjacent blocks.
  • This mode may be referred to as an affine motion compensation prediction mode.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the derivation of motion vectors in units of sub-blocks based on the motion vectors of a plurality of adjacent blocks.
  • the current block includes 16 4 ⁇ 4 sub-blocks.
  • the motion vector v 0 of the upper left corner control point of the current block is derived based on the motion vector of the adjacent block
  • the motion vector v 1 of the upper right corner control point of the current block is derived based on the motion vector of the adjacent sub block. Is done.
  • the motion vector (v x , v y ) of each sub-block in the current block is derived by the following equation (2).
  • x and y indicate the horizontal position and vertical position of the sub-block, respectively, and w indicates a predetermined weight coefficient.
  • Such an affine motion compensation prediction mode may include several modes in which the motion vector derivation methods of the upper left and upper right corner control points are different.
  • Information indicating such an affine motion compensation prediction mode (for example, called an affine flag) is signaled at the CU level. Note that the information indicating the affine motion compensation prediction mode need not be limited to the CU level, but other levels (for example, sequence level, picture level, slice level, tile level, CTU level, or sub-block level). ).
  • the prediction control unit 128 selects either the intra prediction signal or the inter prediction signal, and outputs the selected signal to the subtraction unit 104 and the addition unit 116 as a prediction signal.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of decoding apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the decoding device 200 is a moving image / image decoding device that decodes moving images / images in units of blocks.
  • the decoding device 200 includes an entropy decoding unit 202, an inverse quantization unit 204, an inverse transformation unit 206, an addition unit 208, a block memory 210, a loop filter unit 212, and a frame memory 214. And an intra prediction unit 216, an inter prediction unit 218, and a prediction control unit 220.
  • the decoding device 200 is realized by, for example, a general-purpose processor and a memory.
  • the processor executes the entropy decoding unit 202, the inverse quantization unit 204, the inverse transformation unit 206, the addition unit 208, the loop filter unit 212, and the intra prediction unit. 216, the inter prediction unit 218, and the prediction control unit 220.
  • the decoding apparatus 200 is dedicated to the entropy decoding unit 202, the inverse quantization unit 204, the inverse transformation unit 206, the addition unit 208, the loop filter unit 212, the intra prediction unit 216, the inter prediction unit 218, and the prediction control unit 220. It may be realized as one or more electronic circuits.
  • the entropy decoding unit 202 performs entropy decoding on the encoded bit stream. Specifically, the entropy decoding unit 202 performs arithmetic decoding from a coded bitstream to a binary signal, for example. Then, the entropy decoding unit 202 debinarizes the binary signal. As a result, the entropy decoding unit 202 outputs the quantized coefficient to the inverse quantization unit 204 in units of blocks.
  • the inverse quantization unit 204 inversely quantizes the quantization coefficient of a decoding target block (hereinafter referred to as a current block) that is an input from the entropy decoding unit 202. Specifically, the inverse quantization unit 204 inversely quantizes each quantization coefficient of the current block based on the quantization parameter corresponding to the quantization coefficient. Then, the inverse quantization unit 204 outputs the quantization coefficient (that is, the transform coefficient) obtained by inverse quantization of the current block to the inverse transform unit 206.
  • a decoding target block hereinafter referred to as a current block
  • the inverse quantization unit 204 inversely quantizes each quantization coefficient of the current block based on the quantization parameter corresponding to the quantization coefficient. Then, the inverse quantization unit 204 outputs the quantization coefficient (that is, the transform coefficient) obtained by inverse quantization of the current block to the inverse transform unit 206.
  • the inverse transform unit 206 restores the prediction error by inverse transforming the transform coefficient that is an input from the inverse quantization unit 204.
  • the inverse conversion unit 206 determines the current block based on the information indicating the read conversion type. Inversely transform the conversion coefficient of.
  • the inverse conversion unit 206 reconverts the converted conversion coefficient (conversion result).
  • the adder 208 reconstructs the current block by adding the prediction error input from the inverse transform unit 206 and the prediction signal input from the prediction control unit 220. Then, the adding unit 208 outputs the reconfigured block to the block memory 210 and the loop filter unit 212.
  • the block memory 210 is a storage unit for storing a block that is referred to in intra prediction and that is within a decoding target picture (hereinafter referred to as a current picture). Specifically, the block memory 210 stores the reconstructed block output from the adding unit 208.
  • the loop filter unit 212 applies a loop filter to the block reconstructed by the adding unit 208, and outputs the filtered reconstructed block to the frame memory 214, the display device, and the like.
  • one filter is selected from the plurality of filters based on the local gradient direction and activity, The selected filter is applied to the reconstruction block.
  • the frame memory 214 is a storage unit for storing a reference picture used for inter prediction, and is sometimes called a frame buffer. Specifically, the frame memory 214 stores the reconstructed block filtered by the loop filter unit 212.
  • the intra prediction unit 216 performs intra prediction with reference to the block in the current picture stored in the block memory 210 based on the intra prediction mode read from the encoded bitstream, so that a prediction signal (intra prediction Signal). Specifically, the intra prediction unit 216 generates an intra prediction signal by performing intra prediction with reference to a sample (for example, luminance value and color difference value) of a block adjacent to the current block, and performs prediction control on the intra prediction signal. Output to the unit 220.
  • a prediction signal for example, luminance value and color difference value
  • the intra prediction unit 216 may predict the color difference component of the current block based on the luminance component of the current block.
  • the intra prediction unit 216 corrects the pixel value after intra prediction based on the gradient of the reference pixel in the horizontal / vertical direction.
  • the inter prediction unit 218 refers to the reference picture stored in the frame memory 214 and predicts the current block. Prediction is performed in units of a current block or a sub-block (for example, 4 ⁇ 4 block) in the current block. For example, the inter prediction unit 126 generates an inter prediction signal of the current block or sub-block by performing motion compensation using motion information (for example, a motion vector) read from the encoded bitstream, and generates the inter prediction signal. The result is output to the prediction control unit 128.
  • motion information for example, a motion vector
  • the inter prediction unit 218 When the information read from the encoded bitstream indicates that the OBMC mode is to be applied, the inter prediction unit 218 includes not only the motion information of the current block obtained by motion search but also the motion information of adjacent blocks. To generate an inter prediction signal.
  • the inter prediction unit 218 follows the pattern matching method (bilateral matching or template matching) read from the encoded stream. Motion information is derived by performing motion search. Then, the inter prediction unit 218 performs motion compensation using the derived motion information.
  • the inter prediction unit 218 derives a motion vector based on a model assuming constant velocity linear motion. Also, when the information read from the encoded bitstream indicates that the affine motion compensated prediction mode is applied, the inter prediction unit 218 determines the motion vector in units of subblocks based on the motion vectors of a plurality of adjacent blocks. Is derived.
  • the prediction control unit 220 selects either the intra prediction signal or the inter prediction signal, and outputs the selected signal to the adding unit 208 as a prediction signal.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization processing 1000 in coding apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization process 1000 shown in FIG. 11 is mainly performed by the inverse quantization unit 112 of the encoding apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
  • step S1001 one or a plurality of quantized transform coefficients (first transform coefficients) are scaled.
  • This scaling process is an inverse quantization process. That is, in step S1001, the quantization coefficient is inversely quantized with a predetermined quantization parameter.
  • a new quantization parameter is derived based on the transform coefficient scaled in step S1001.
  • This newly derived quantization parameter is usually larger in value than the predetermined quantization parameter.
  • An example of the relationship between the quantization parameter and the transform coefficient scaled based on the quantization parameter is a linear function, but there is also a nonlinear function (for example, a power function).
  • the relationship between the derived quantization parameter and the transform coefficient (first transform coefficient) used in deriving the quantization parameter can be adjusted by one or more intensity parameters. is there.
  • a plurality of mapping functions that can be switched by one or a plurality of selection parameters are used in deriving the quantization parameter.
  • the plurality of mapping functions are different functions for deriving the quantization parameter from the transform coefficient.
  • the intensity parameter or the selection parameter is determined based on the quantization parameter of the image block (for example, a large value of the intensity parameter is determined from a large value of the quantization parameter). And a different value of the switching parameter is obtained from the different value of the quantization parameter).
  • step S1003 the quantized transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) is scaled based on the quantization parameter newly derived in step S1002.
  • the transform coefficient (first transform coefficient) in step S1003 and the transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) in step S1001 belong to the same image block. Further, these conversion coefficients may belong to the same color component or may belong to different color components.
  • the conversion coefficient in step S1001 may be a luminance block conversion coefficient
  • the conversion coefficient in step S1003 may be a color difference block conversion coefficient.
  • all transform coefficients are transform coefficients for one image block. Further, in another modification of the present embodiment, all the conversion coefficients are AC conversion coefficients of one image block. In another modification of the present embodiment, at least one transform coefficient is a DC coefficient of an image block.
  • FIG. 28 shows an example of inverse quantization of transform coefficients of an 8 ⁇ 8 pixel size block.
  • each of the plurality of circles represents a coefficient.
  • the quantized transform coefficient (quantization coefficient) is scaled (inversely quantized) according to a predetermined scanning order.
  • the numerical value in a circle represents the order in a predetermined scanning order.
  • the predetermined scanning order is defined in ascending order of frequency.
  • the transform coefficient previously dequantized in the predetermined scanning order derives a quantization parameter for quantization / inverse quantization of the subsequent transform coefficient in the predetermined scanning order. Used for.
  • the quantization coefficient (0) of the DC component that is first inversely quantized is inversely quantized based on the first predetermined quantization parameter.
  • the quantization coefficient (1) of the AC component that is secondly dequantized is dequantized based on the second predetermined quantization parameter.
  • the second predetermined quantization parameter may be the same as the first quantization parameter or may be larger than the first quantization parameter.
  • a quantization parameter for the quantization coefficient (2) to be dequantized next is derived.
  • the quantization coefficient (2) of the AC component that is thirdly dequantized is inversely quantized based on the quantization parameter derived from the transform coefficient (1) to obtain the transform coefficient (2).
  • a quantization parameter for a transform coefficient to be quantized / dequantized (hereinafter referred to as a current coefficient) may be derived by a cumulative sum of transform coefficients preceding the current coefficient in a predetermined scanning order.
  • the quantization parameter for quantization / inverse quantization of the 16th current coefficient in a predetermined scanning order may be derived based on the cumulative sum of the 1st to 15th transform coefficients. At this time, if the cumulative total increases, the quantization parameter may also increase.
  • the quantization step of quantization / inverse quantization of the conversion coefficient in the high frequency region can be made larger than that in the low frequency region, and the conversion coefficient in the high frequency region can be compressed more than in the low frequency region.
  • the DC coefficient (for example, the first conversion coefficient) may be excluded from the cumulative total of such conversion coefficients. That is, the quantization parameter for the current coefficient may be derived based on a cumulative sum of AC conversion coefficients (for example, second and subsequent conversion coefficients) preceding the current coefficient.
  • the conversion coefficient in the low frequency region may be excluded from the cumulative total of conversion coefficients. That is, the quantization parameter for the current coefficient may be derived based on a cumulative sum of transform coefficients preceding the current coefficient and transform coefficients after the threshold order. For example, if the threshold order is seventh, the quantization parameter for quantization / inverse quantization of the 16th current coefficient in the scanning order may be derived based on the cumulative sum of the 7th to 15th transform coefficients. Good.
  • This threshold order may be defined in advance by a standard or the like.
  • the threshold order may be adaptively determined based on a sequence, a picture, a block, or the like. In this case, the threshold order may be signaled at the sequence, picture or block level, for example.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a detailed functional configuration of inverse quantization section 112 of coding apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the quantization unit 108 quantizes the transform coefficient input from the transform unit 106 based on a predetermined quantization parameter or the quantization parameter input from the inverse quantization unit 112. Then, the quantization unit 108 outputs the quantized transform coefficient (quantization coefficient) to the inverse quantization unit 112 and the entropy coding unit 110.
  • the inverse quantization unit 112 performs inverse quantization on the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 108. Then, the inverse quantization unit 112 outputs the inversely quantized transform coefficient to the inverse transform unit 114. As shown in FIG. 19, the inverse quantization unit 112 includes an inverse quantizer 9003 and a quantization parameter derivation unit 9010.
  • the inverse quantizer 9003 performs inverse quantization on the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 108 based on a predetermined quantization parameter or the quantization parameter derived by the quantization parameter derivation unit 9010, and performs inverse quantization.
  • the converted transform coefficients are output to the inverse transform unit 114 and the quantization parameter derivation unit 9010.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 9010 derives a new quantization parameter for a transform coefficient to be quantized / inversely quantized based on the inversely quantized transform coefficient input from the inverse quantizer 9003. To do. Then, the quantization parameter derivation unit 9010 outputs the derived new quantization parameter to the quantization unit 108 and the inverse quantization unit 9003.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization processing 2000 in decoding apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization process 2000 shown in FIG. 12 is mainly performed by the inverse quantization unit 204 of the decoding device 200 shown in FIG.
  • step S2001 one or a plurality of quantized transform coefficients (first transform coefficients) are scaled.
  • This scaling process is an inverse quantization process. That is, in step S2001, the quantization coefficient is inversely quantized with a predetermined quantization parameter.
  • step S2002 a new quantization parameter is derived based on the transform coefficient scaled in step S2001.
  • This newly derived quantization parameter is usually larger in value than the predetermined quantization parameter.
  • An example of the relationship between the quantization parameter and the transform coefficient scaled based on the quantization parameter is a linear function, but there is also a nonlinear function (for example, a power function).
  • the relationship between the derived quantization parameter and the transform coefficient used in deriving the quantization parameter can be adjusted by one or more intensity parameters.
  • a plurality of mapping functions that can be switched by one or a plurality of selection parameters are used in deriving the quantization parameter.
  • the plurality of mapping functions are different functions for deriving the quantization parameter from the transform coefficient.
  • the intensity parameter or the selection parameter is determined based on the quantization parameter of the image block (for example, a large value of the intensity parameter is determined from a large value of the quantization parameter). And a different value of the switching parameter is obtained from the different value of the quantization parameter).
  • step S2003 the quantized transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) is scaled based on the quantization parameter newly derived in step S2002.
  • the transform coefficient in step S2003 and the transform coefficient in step 2001 belong to the same image block. Further, these conversion coefficients may belong to the same color component or may belong to different color components.
  • the conversion coefficient in step S2001 may be the luminance block conversion coefficient
  • the conversion coefficient in step S2003 may be the color difference block conversion coefficient.
  • all transform coefficients are transform coefficients for one image block. Further, in another modification of the present embodiment, all the conversion coefficients are AC conversion coefficients of one image block. In another modification of the present embodiment, at least one transform coefficient is a DC coefficient of an image block.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a detailed functional configuration of inverse quantization section 204 of decoding apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the inverse quantization unit 204 inversely quantizes the quantized transform coefficient (quantization coefficient) of the current block that is an input from the entropy decoding unit 202. Then, the inverse quantization unit 204 outputs the inversely quantized transform coefficient to the inverse transform unit 206. As shown in FIG. 20, the inverse quantization unit 204 includes an inverse quantizer 10002 and a quantization parameter derivation unit 10008.
  • the inverse quantizer 10002 performs inverse quantization on the quantization coefficient decoded by the entropy decoding unit 202 based on a predetermined quantization parameter or the quantization parameter derived by the quantization parameter derivation unit 10008, and transform coefficients Is output to the inverse transform unit 206 and the quantization parameter derivation unit 10008.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 10008 derives a quantization parameter for a transform coefficient to be dequantized next based on the transform coefficient that is an input from the inverse quantizer 9003, and outputs it to the inverse quantizer 10002. To do.
  • the encoding apparatus 100 and the decoding apparatus 200 dequantize one or more quantized first transform coefficients and perform one or a plurality of dequantized first or plural first transform coefficients.
  • a quantization parameter is derived based on one transform coefficient, and the quantized second transform coefficient is inversely quantized based on the derived quantization parameter.
  • the quantization parameter used for inverse quantization of the quantized second transform coefficient based on the first transform coefficient that has been inversely quantized previously. That is, the quantization parameter can be derived adaptively in units of coefficients. Subjective image quality can be improved by inversely quantizing the quantized transform coefficient based on the quantization parameter adaptively derived in units of coefficients. Furthermore, since the quantization parameter can be derived based on the first inversely quantized first transform coefficient, an increase in the signal bits for deriving the quantization parameter can be suppressed, and the coding efficiency can be reduced. Improvements can be made.
  • Modification 1 of Embodiment 1 Next, Modification 1 of Embodiment 1 will be described.
  • the present modification is different from the first embodiment in that the quantization parameter is derived based on the transform coefficient previously dequantized and the transform coefficient transformed from the prediction signal of the current block. In the following, this modification will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization processing 3000 in coding apparatus 100 according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
  • the signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization process 3000 shown in FIG. 13 is mainly performed by an inverse quantization unit 112A (FIG. 21) described later.
  • step S3001 one or a plurality of quantized transform coefficients (first transform coefficients) are scaled.
  • step S3002 the prediction sample block is converted into a conversion coefficient (third conversion coefficient). That is, the prediction signal of the current block is frequency converted to a conversion coefficient.
  • step S3003 a new quantization parameter is derived based on the transform coefficient scaled in step S3001 and the one or more transform coefficients transformed from the prediction sample block in step S3002.
  • the derivation of the quantization parameter may include a step of summing one transform coefficient scaled in step S3001 and one of a plurality of transform coefficients transformed from the block of prediction samples in step S3002. Good.
  • the derivation of the quantization parameter there is a method of deriving based on the distribution of a plurality of transform coefficients transformed from the block of prediction samples. In the derivation in step S3003, both the sum and distribution of a plurality of transform coefficients transformed from the block of prediction samples may be used to determine a new quantization parameter.
  • step S3004 the quantized transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) is scaled based on the quantization parameter newly derived in step S3003.
  • FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit 112A of the encoding device 100 according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
  • the inverse quantization unit 112A is included in the encoding device 100 instead of the inverse quantization unit 112 in FIG.
  • the inverse quantization unit 112A includes an inverse quantizer 11003, a quantization parameter derivation unit 11010, and a converter 11011.
  • the inverse quantizer 11003 inversely quantizes the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 108 based on a predetermined quantization parameter or the quantization parameter derived by the quantization parameter derivation unit 11010. Then, the inverse quantizer 11003 outputs the inversely quantized transform coefficient to the inverse transform unit 114 and the quantization parameter derivation unit 11010.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 11010 is next quantized / inversely quantized based on the dequantized transform coefficient input from the dequantizer 11003 and the transform coefficient input from the converter 11011. A new quantization parameter for the transform coefficient is derived. Then, the quantization parameter derivation unit 11010 outputs the derived new quantization parameter to the inverse quantization unit 11003.
  • the converter 11011 converts the prediction sample of the current block input from the prediction control unit 128 into a frequency domain conversion coefficient. Then, converter 11011 outputs the transform coefficient to quantization parameter derivation unit 11010.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization processing 4000 in decoding apparatus 200 according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
  • the signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization process 4000 shown in FIG. 14 is mainly performed by the inverse quantization unit 204A (FIG. 22) described later.
  • step S4001 one or more quantized transform coefficients (first transform coefficients) are scaled.
  • step S4002 the block of prediction samples is converted into a conversion coefficient (third conversion coefficient). That is, the prediction signal of the current block is frequency converted to a conversion coefficient.
  • step S4003 a new quantization parameter is derived based on the transform coefficient scaled in step S4001 and one or more coefficients transformed from the prediction sample block in step S4002.
  • the quantization parameter is derived by adding one scaled transform coefficient in step S4001 and one of a plurality of transform coefficients transformed from the prediction sample block in step S4002. May be included.
  • the derivation of the quantization parameter there is a method of deriving based on the distribution of a plurality of transform coefficients transformed from the block of prediction samples. In the derivation in step S4003, both the sum and distribution of a plurality of transform coefficients transformed from the block of prediction samples may be used to determine a new quantization parameter.
  • step S4004 the quantized transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) is scaled based on the quantization parameter newly derived in step S4003.
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit 204A of the decoding device 200 according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
  • the inverse quantization unit 204A is included in the decoding device 200 in place of the inverse quantization unit 204 in FIG.
  • the inverse quantization unit 204A includes an inverse quantizer 12002, a quantization parameter derivation unit 12008, and a converter 12009.
  • the inverse quantizer 12002 performs inverse quantization on the quantization coefficient decoded by the entropy decoding unit 202 based on a predetermined quantization parameter or the quantization parameter derived by the quantization parameter derivation unit 12008, and transform coefficients Is output to the inverse transform unit 206 and the quantization parameter derivation unit 12008.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 12008 derives a quantization parameter based on the transform coefficient that is an input from the inverse quantizer 12002 and the transform coefficient that is an input from the transformer 12009, and outputs the quantization parameter to the inverse quantizer 12002. To do.
  • the converter 12009 converts the prediction sample of the current block input from the prediction control unit 220 into a frequency domain conversion coefficient. Then, the converter 12009 outputs the conversion coefficient to the quantization parameter derivation unit 12008.
  • the encoding device 100 and the decoding device 200 further convert one or a plurality of inverse-quantized signals by converting the prediction signal of the block to be encoded into one or more third transform coefficients.
  • Quantization parameters are derived based on the first transform coefficient and one or more third transform coefficients transformed from the prediction signal of the encoding target block.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization processing 5000 in coding apparatus 100 according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
  • the signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization process 5000 shown in FIG. 15 is mainly performed by the inverse quantization unit 112B (FIG. 23) described later.
  • step S5001 one or a plurality of quantized transform coefficients (first transform coefficients) are scaled.
  • the activity measure is determined from the prediction block (prediction signal of the current block).
  • This degree of activity may be read from a reference picture stored in the frame memory 122, or may be obtained by a computer based on a prediction block.
  • Examples of the degree of activity include the variance value of the block, and other examples include edge strength obtained by edge detection in a predetermined direction (for example, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal).
  • Another example of activity is signal (image) strength in space or frequency domain. Based on this activity, the prediction blocks are classified into different groups, and quantization parameters are derived based on the classification results.
  • step S5003 a new quantization parameter is derived based on the transform coefficient scaled in step S5001 and the activity determined in step S5002.
  • step S5003 when the prediction block is an inter prediction block, the activity is used to derive the quantization parameter. If the prediction block is an intra prediction block, step S5002 for determining the activity is skipped, and a new quantization parameter is derived based on the scaled transform coefficient in step S5003, not based on the activity.
  • step S5004 the quantized transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) is scaled based on the quantization parameter newly derived in step S5003.
  • FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit 112B of the encoding apparatus 100 according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
  • the inverse quantization unit 112B is included in the encoding device 100 instead of the inverse quantization unit 112 in FIG.
  • the inverse quantization unit 112B includes an inverse quantizer 13003 and a quantization parameter derivation unit 13010.
  • the inverse quantizer 13003 dequantizes the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 108 based on a predetermined quantization parameter or the quantization parameter derived by the quantization parameter derivation unit 13010. Then, the inverse quantizer 13003 outputs the inversely quantized transform coefficient to the inverse transform unit 114 and the quantization parameter derivation unit 13010.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 13010 reads the activity of the prediction block from the frame memory 122.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 13010 then performs quantization / inverse quantization on the basis of the transform coefficient inversely quantized by the inverse quantizer 11003 and the activity read from the frame memory 122.
  • a new quantization parameter for the transform coefficient is derived.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 13010 outputs the derived new quantization parameter to the inverse quantization unit 13003.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization processing 6000 in decoding apparatus 200 according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
  • the signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization process 6000 shown in FIG. 16 is mainly performed by the inverse quantization unit 204B (FIG. 24) described later.
  • step S6001 one or more quantized transform coefficients (first transform coefficients) are scaled.
  • the activity is determined from the prediction block.
  • the degree of activity may be read from a reference picture stored in the frame memory 214, or may be obtained by a computer based on a prediction block.
  • An example of the activity is a variance value of a block, but there is an edge strength obtained by edge detection in a predetermined direction (for example, horizontal, vertical or diagonal).
  • Another example of activity is signal (image) strength in space or frequency domain. Based on this activity, the prediction blocks are classified into different groups, and quantization parameters are derived based on the classification results.
  • step S6003 a new quantization parameter is derived based on the transform coefficient scaled in step S6001 and the activity determined in step S6002.
  • step S6003 the activity is used to derive the quantization parameter when the prediction block is an inter prediction block.
  • step S6002 for determining the activity is skipped, and in step S6003, a new quantization parameter is derived based on the scaled transform coefficient without being based on the activity.
  • step S6004 the quantized transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) is scaled based on the quantization parameter newly derived in step S6003.
  • FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit 204B of the decoding apparatus 200 according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
  • the inverse quantization unit 204B is included in the decoding device 200 in place of the inverse quantization unit 204 in FIG.
  • the inverse quantization unit 204B includes an inverse quantizer 14002 and a quantization parameter derivation unit 14008.
  • the inverse quantizer 14002 performs inverse quantization of the quantization coefficient decoded by the entropy decoding unit 202 based on a predetermined quantization parameter or the quantization parameter derived by the quantization parameter derivation unit 14008, and transform coefficients Is output to the inverse transform unit 206 and the quantization parameter derivation unit 14008.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 14008 reads the activity of the prediction block from the frame memory 214. The quantization parameter derivation unit 14008 then determines the transform coefficient to be dequantized next based on the transform coefficient inversely quantized by the inverse quantizer 14002 and the activity read from the frame memory 214. A new quantization parameter is derived. Then, the quantization parameter derivation unit 14008 outputs the derived new quantization parameter to the inverse quantization unit 14002.
  • the encoding device 100 and the decoding device 200 further determine the activity based on the prediction signal of the block to be encoded, and one or a plurality of first quantized first quantized signals.
  • a quantization parameter is derived based on the conversion coefficient and the determined activity.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization processing 7000 in coding apparatus 100 according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
  • the signal-dependent adaptive quantization / inverse quantization process 7000 shown in FIG. 17 is mainly performed by an inverse quantization unit 112C (FIG. 25) described later.
  • control parameter may be an intensity parameter or a switching parameter.
  • next step S7002 one or a plurality of quantized transform coefficients (first transform coefficients) are scaled.
  • a new quantization parameter is derived based on the control parameter written in step S7001 and the transform coefficient scaled in step S7002.
  • the relationship between the quantization parameter and the transform coefficient used in deriving the quantization parameter can be adjusted by one or a plurality of intensity parameters.
  • a plurality of mapping functions that can be switched by one or a plurality of selection parameters may be used. That is, the relationship between the transform coefficient and the quantization parameter is determined based on the control parameter (intensity parameter or selection parameter), and the quantization parameter is derived from the transform coefficient based on the determined relationship.
  • the relationship between the transform coefficient and the quantization parameter is represented by a linear function and the control parameter is an intensity parameter
  • the slope of the linear function is adjusted by the intensity parameter
  • the adjusted coefficient is used to quantize from the transform coefficient.
  • Parameters are derived.
  • the control parameter is a selection parameter
  • one mapping function is selected from a plurality of predetermined mapping functions of transform coefficients and quantization parameters based on the selection parameter, and the selected mapping function is selected. Is used to derive the quantization parameter from the transform coefficient.
  • step S7004 the quantized transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) is scaled based on the quantization parameter newly derived in step S7003.
  • FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit 112C of the encoding device 100 according to the third modification of the first embodiment.
  • the inverse quantization unit 112C is included in the encoding device 100 in place of the inverse quantization unit 112 in FIG.
  • the inverse quantization unit 112C includes an inverse quantizer 15003 and a quantization parameter derivation device 15010.
  • the inverse quantizer 15003 inversely quantizes the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 108 based on a predetermined quantization parameter or the quantization parameter derived by the quantization parameter derivation unit 15010. Then, the inverse quantizer 15003 outputs the inversely quantized transform coefficient to the inverse transform unit 114 and the quantization parameter derivation device 15010.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 15010 derives a new quantization parameter based on the transform coefficient inversely quantized by the inverse quantizer 15003 and the control parameter for deriving the quantization parameter, and the inverse quantizer Output to 15003.
  • This control parameter may be an intensity parameter or a selection parameter.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates a plurality of examples of control parameter positions in an encoded video stream (compressed video bitstream).
  • FIG. 17 (i) shows that there are control parameters in the video parameter set.
  • FIG. 17 (ii) shows that there are control parameters in the sequence parameter set of the video stream.
  • (Iii) of FIG. 17 shows that there is a control parameter in the picture parameter set of the picture.
  • FIG. 17 (iv) shows that there is a control parameter in the slice header of the slice.
  • FIG. 17 (v) shows that there are control parameters in the group of parameters for setting up or initializing the video system or video decoder.
  • the value of the control parameter in a lower layer is a control parameter in a higher layer (for example, a picture parameter set). Overwrite the value of.
  • FIG. 29A shows an example of adjustment of the relationship between the transform coefficient by the intensity parameter and the quantization parameter (QP).
  • the slope of the linear function increases as the value of the intensity parameter increases. That is, if the value of the intensity parameter increases, the value of the quantization parameter increases even if the conversion value is the same value.
  • FIG. 29B shows an example of switching the relationship between the transform coefficient and the quantization parameter (QP) according to the selection parameter.
  • a plurality of mapping functions linear functions and power functions
  • mapping functions are determined based on selection parameters (Switch index 1 and Switch index 1). Selected. For example, a linear function is selected when the selection parameter is Switch index 1, and a power function is selected when the selection parameter is Switch index 2.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization processing 8000 in decoding apparatus 200 according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
  • the signal-dependent adaptive inverse quantization process 8000 shown in FIG. 16 is mainly performed by the inverse quantization unit 204C (FIG. 26) described later.
  • control parameter may be an intensity parameter or a selection parameter.
  • step S8002 one or a plurality of quantized transform coefficients (first transform coefficients) are scaled.
  • a new quantization parameter is derived based on the transform coefficient scaled in step S8002 and the control parameter read in step S8001.
  • the relationship between the quantization parameter and the transform coefficient used in deriving the quantization parameter can be adjusted by one or a plurality of intensity parameters.
  • a plurality of mapping functions that can be switched by one or a plurality of selection parameters may be used. That is, the relationship between the transform coefficient and the quantization parameter is determined based on the control parameter (intensity parameter or selection parameter), and the quantization parameter is derived from the transform coefficient based on the determined relationship.
  • the relationship between the transform coefficient and the quantization parameter is represented by a linear function and the control parameter is an intensity parameter
  • the slope of the linear function is adjusted by the intensity parameter
  • the adjusted coefficient is used to quantize from the transform coefficient.
  • Parameters are derived.
  • the control parameter is a selection parameter
  • one mapping function is selected from a plurality of predetermined mapping functions of transform coefficients and quantization parameters based on the selection parameter, and the selected mapping function is selected. Is used to derive the quantization parameter from the transform coefficient.
  • step S8004 the quantized transform coefficient (second transform coefficient) is scaled based on the newly derived quantization parameter.
  • FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the inverse quantization unit 204C of the decoding device 200 according to the third modification of the first embodiment.
  • the inverse quantization unit 204C is included in the decoding device 200 in place of the inverse quantization unit 204 in FIG.
  • the inverse quantization unit 204C includes an inverse quantizer 16002 and a quantization parameter derivation unit 16008.
  • the inverse quantizer 16002 performs inverse quantization on the quantized coefficient decoded by the entropy decoding unit 202 and outputs the transform coefficient to the inverse transform unit 206 and the quantization parameter derivation unit 16008.
  • the quantization parameter derivation unit 16008 derives a new quantization parameter based on the inversely quantized transform coefficient and the control parameter, and outputs the new quantization parameter to the inverse quantizer 16002.
  • the control parameter is read from the encoded bitstream by the entropy decoding unit 202, for example.
  • the relationship between the quantization parameter and the first transform coefficient can be adjusted by one or a plurality of intensity parameters.
  • a plurality of mapping functions that can be switched by one or a plurality of selection parameters may be used in deriving the quantization parameter.
  • Such one or more intensity parameters and one or more selection parameters are then written to the header in the encoded pit stream.
  • control parameter is signaled, but the control parameter does not necessarily have to be signaled.
  • control parameter may be determined based on a quantization parameter used for inverse quantization of a coefficient of a block different from the current block.
  • intensity parameter may be determined so that the intensity parameter increases as the quantization parameter used for inverse quantization of the coefficient of the block different from the current block increases.
  • selection parameter may be determined according to the value of the quantization parameter used for inverse quantization of the coefficient of the block different from the current block.
  • each of the functional blocks can usually be realized by an MPU, a memory, and the like. Further, the processing by each functional block is usually realized by a program execution unit such as a processor reading and executing software (program) recorded on a recording medium such as a ROM. The software may be distributed by downloading or the like, or may be distributed by being recorded on a recording medium such as a semiconductor memory. Naturally, each functional block can be realized by hardware (dedicated circuit).
  • each embodiment may be realized by centralized processing using a single device (system), or may be realized by distributed processing using a plurality of devices. Good.
  • the number of processors that execute the program may be one or more. That is, centralized processing may be performed, or distributed processing may be performed.
  • the system includes an image encoding device using an image encoding method, an image decoding device using an image decoding method, and an image encoding / decoding device including both.
  • Other configurations in the system can be appropriately changed according to circumstances.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a content supply system ex100 that implements a content distribution service.
  • the communication service providing area is divided into desired sizes, and base stations ex106, ex107, ex108, ex109, and ex110, which are fixed wireless stations, are installed in each cell.
  • devices such as a computer ex111, a game machine ex112, a camera ex113, a home appliance ex114, and a smartphone ex115 via the Internet ex101, the Internet service provider ex102 or the communication network ex104, and the base stations ex106 to ex110.
  • the content supply system ex100 may be connected by combining any of the above elements.
  • Each device may be directly or indirectly connected to each other via a telephone network or a short-range wireless communication without using the base stations ex106 to ex110 which are fixed wireless stations.
  • the streaming server ex103 is connected to each device such as a computer ex111, a game machine ex112, a camera ex113, a home appliance ex114, and a smartphone ex115 via the Internet ex101.
  • the streaming server ex103 is connected to a terminal in a hot spot in the airplane ex117 via the satellite ex116.
  • the streaming server ex103 may be directly connected to the communication network ex104 without going through the Internet ex101 or the Internet service provider ex102, or may be directly connected to the airplane ex117 without going through the satellite ex116.
  • the camera ex113 is a device that can shoot still images and moving images such as a digital camera.
  • the smartphone ex115 is a smartphone, a cellular phone, or a PHS (Personal Handyphone System) that is compatible with a mobile communication system generally called 2G, 3G, 3.9G, 4G, and 5G in the future.
  • a mobile communication system generally called 2G, 3G, 3.9G, 4G, and 5G in the future.
  • the home appliance ex118 is a device included in a refrigerator or a household fuel cell cogeneration system.
  • a terminal having a photographing function is connected to the streaming server ex103 through the base station ex106 or the like, thereby enabling live distribution or the like.
  • the terminal (computer ex111, game machine ex112, camera ex113, home appliance ex114, smartphone ex115, terminal in airplane ex117, etc.) is used for the above-described still image or video content captured by the user using the terminal.
  • the encoding process described in each embodiment is performed, and the video data obtained by the encoding and the sound data obtained by encoding the sound corresponding to the video are multiplexed, and the obtained data is transmitted to the streaming server ex103. That is, each terminal functions as an image encoding device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • the streaming server ex103 streams the content data transmitted to the requested client.
  • the client is a computer or the like in the computer ex111, the game machine ex112, the camera ex113, the home appliance ex114, the smart phone ex115, or the airplane ex117 that can decode the encoded data.
  • Each device that has received the distributed data decrypts and reproduces the received data. That is, each device functions as an image decoding device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • the streaming server ex103 may be a plurality of servers or a plurality of computers, and may process, record, and distribute data in a distributed manner.
  • the streaming server ex103 may be realized by a CDN (Contents Delivery Network), and content distribution may be realized by a network connecting a large number of edge servers and edge servers distributed all over the world.
  • CDN Contents Delivery Network
  • edge servers that are physically close to each other are dynamically allocated according to clients. Then, the content can be cached and distributed to the edge server, thereby reducing the delay.
  • the processing is distributed among multiple edge servers, the distribution subject is switched to another edge server, or the part of the network where the failure has occurred Since detouring can be continued, high-speed and stable distribution can be realized.
  • the captured data may be encoded at each terminal, may be performed on the server side, or may be shared with each other.
  • a processing loop is performed twice.
  • the first loop the complexity of the image or the code amount in units of frames or scenes is detected.
  • the second loop processing for maintaining the image quality and improving the coding efficiency is performed.
  • the terminal performs the first encoding process
  • the server receiving the content performs the second encoding process, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of the content while reducing the processing load on each terminal. it can.
  • the encoded data of the first time performed by the terminal can be received and reproduced by another terminal, enabling more flexible real-time distribution.
  • the camera ex113 or the like extracts a feature amount from an image, compresses data relating to the feature amount as metadata, and transmits the metadata to the server.
  • the server performs compression according to the meaning of the image, for example, by determining the importance of the object from the feature amount and switching the quantization accuracy.
  • the feature data is particularly effective for improving the accuracy and efficiency of motion vector prediction at the time of re-compression on the server.
  • simple coding such as VLC (variable length coding) may be performed at the terminal, and coding with a large processing load such as CABAC (context adaptive binary arithmetic coding) may be performed at the server.
  • a plurality of video data in which almost the same scene is captured by a plurality of terminals.
  • a GOP Group of Picture
  • a picture unit or a tile obtained by dividing a picture using a plurality of terminals that have performed shooting and other terminals and servers that have not performed shooting as necessary.
  • Distributed processing is performed by assigning encoding processing in units or the like. Thereby, delay can be reduced and real-time property can be realized.
  • the server may manage and / or instruct the video data captured by each terminal to refer to each other.
  • the encoded data from each terminal may be received by the server and the reference relationship may be changed among a plurality of data, or the picture itself may be corrected or replaced to be encoded again. This makes it possible to generate a stream with improved quality and efficiency of each piece of data.
  • the server may distribute the video data after performing transcoding to change the encoding method of the video data.
  • the server may convert the MPEG encoding system to the VP encoding. 264. It may be converted into H.265.
  • the encoding process can be performed by a terminal or one or more servers. Therefore, in the following, description such as “server” or “terminal” is used as the subject performing processing, but part or all of processing performed by the server may be performed by the terminal, or processing performed by the terminal may be performed. Some or all may be performed at the server. The same applies to the decoding process.
  • the server not only encodes a two-dimensional moving image, but also encodes a still image automatically based on a scene analysis of the moving image or at a time specified by the user and transmits it to the receiving terminal. Also good.
  • the server can acquire the relative positional relationship between the photographing terminals, the server obtains the three-dimensional shape of the scene based on not only the two-dimensional moving image but also the video obtained by photographing the same scene from different angles. Can be generated.
  • the server may separately encode the three-dimensional data generated by the point cloud or the like, and the video to be transmitted to the receiving terminal based on the result of recognizing or tracking the person or the object using the three-dimensional data.
  • the images may be selected or reconstructed from videos captured by a plurality of terminals.
  • the user can arbitrarily select each video corresponding to each photographing terminal and enjoy a scene, or can display a video of an arbitrary viewpoint from three-dimensional data reconstructed using a plurality of images or videos. You can also enjoy the clipped content.
  • sound is collected from a plurality of different angles, and the server may multiplex and transmit sound from a specific angle or space according to the video.
  • the server may create viewpoint images for the right eye and the left eye, respectively, and perform encoding that allows reference between each viewpoint video by Multi-View Coding (MVC) or the like. You may encode as another stream, without referring. At the time of decoding another stream, it is preferable to reproduce in synchronization with each other so that a virtual three-dimensional space is reproduced according to the viewpoint of the user.
  • MVC Multi-View Coding
  • the server superimposes virtual object information in the virtual space on the camera information in the real space based on the three-dimensional position or the movement of the user's viewpoint.
  • the decoding device may acquire or hold virtual object information and three-dimensional data, generate a two-dimensional image according to the movement of the user's viewpoint, and create superimposition data by connecting them smoothly.
  • the decoding device transmits the movement of the user's viewpoint to the server in addition to the request for the virtual object information, and the server creates superimposition data according to the movement of the viewpoint received from the three-dimensional data held in the server,
  • the superimposed data may be encoded and distributed to the decoding device.
  • the superimposed data has an ⁇ value indicating transparency in addition to RGB
  • the server sets the ⁇ value of a portion other than the object created from the three-dimensional data to 0 or the like, and the portion is transparent. May be encoded.
  • the server may generate data in which a RGB value of a predetermined value is set as the background, such as a chroma key, and the portion other than the object is set to the background color.
  • the decryption processing of the distributed data may be performed at each terminal as a client, may be performed on the server side, or may be performed in a shared manner.
  • a terminal may once send a reception request to the server, receive content corresponding to the request at another terminal, perform a decoding process, and transmit a decoded signal to a device having a display.
  • a part of a region such as a tile in which a picture is divided may be decoded and displayed on a viewer's personal terminal while receiving large-size image data on a TV or the like. Accordingly, it is possible to confirm at hand the area in which the person is responsible or the area to be confirmed in more detail while sharing the whole image.
  • access to encoded data on the network such as when the encoded data is cached in a server that can be accessed from the receiving terminal in a short time, or copied to the edge server in the content delivery service. It is also possible to switch the bit rate of received data based on ease.
  • the content switching will be described using a scalable stream that is compression-encoded by applying the moving image encoding method shown in each of the above embodiments shown in FIG.
  • the server may have a plurality of streams of the same content and different quality as individual streams, but the temporal / spatial scalable implementation realized by dividing into layers as shown in the figure.
  • the configuration may be such that the content is switched by utilizing the characteristics of the stream.
  • the decoding side decides which layer to decode according to internal factors such as performance and external factors such as the state of communication bandwidth, so that the decoding side can combine low-resolution content and high-resolution content. You can switch freely and decrypt. For example, when the user wants to continue watching the video that was viewed on the smartphone ex115 while moving on a device such as an Internet TV after returning home, the device only has to decode the same stream to a different layer, so the load on the server side Can be reduced.
  • the enhancement layer includes meta information based on image statistical information, etc., in addition to the configuration in which the picture is encoded for each layer and the enhancement layer exists above the base layer.
  • the decoding side may generate content with high image quality by super-resolution of the base layer picture based on the meta information.
  • Super-resolution may be either improvement of the SN ratio at the same resolution or enlargement of the resolution.
  • the meta information includes information for specifying a linear or non-linear filter coefficient used for super-resolution processing, or information for specifying a parameter value in filter processing, machine learning, or least square calculation used for super-resolution processing. .
  • the picture may be divided into tiles or the like according to the meaning of the object in the image, and the decoding side may select only a part of the region by selecting the tile to be decoded.
  • the decoding side can determine the position of the desired object based on the meta information. Can be identified and the tile containing the object can be determined.
  • the meta information is stored using a data storage structure different from the pixel data such as the SEI message in HEVC. This meta information indicates, for example, the position, size, or color of the main object.
  • meta information may be stored in units composed of a plurality of pictures, such as streams, sequences, or random access units.
  • the decoding side can acquire the time when the specific person appears in the video, etc., and can match the picture in which the object exists and the position of the object in the picture by combining with the information in units of pictures.
  • FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of a web page display screen on the computer ex111 or the like.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a display screen example of a web page in the smartphone ex115 or the like.
  • the web page may include a plurality of link images that are links to the image content, and the appearance differs depending on the browsing device.
  • the display device when a plurality of link images are visible on the screen, the display device until the user explicitly selects the link image, or until the link image approaches the center of the screen or the entire link image enters the screen.
  • the (decoding device) displays a still image or I picture included in each content as a link image, displays a video like a gif animation with a plurality of still images or I pictures, or receives only the base layer. Decode and display video.
  • the display device When the link image is selected by the user, the display device decodes the base layer with the highest priority. If there is information indicating that the HTML constituting the web page is scalable content, the display device may decode up to the enhancement layer. Also, in order to ensure real-time properties, the display device only decodes forward reference pictures (I picture, P picture, forward reference only B picture) before being selected or when the communication band is very strict. In addition, the delay between the decoding time of the first picture and the display time (delay from the start of content decoding to the start of display) can be reduced by displaying. Further, the display device may intentionally ignore the reference relationship of pictures and roughly decode all B pictures and P pictures with forward reference, and perform normal decoding as the number of received pictures increases over time.
  • forward reference pictures I picture, P picture, forward reference only B picture
  • the receiving terminal when transmitting and receiving still image or video data such as two-dimensional or three-dimensional map information for automatic driving or driving support of a car, the receiving terminal adds meta data to image data belonging to one or more layers. Weather or construction information may also be received and decoded in association with each other. The meta information may belong to a layer or may be simply multiplexed with image data.
  • the receiving terminal since the car, drone, airplane, or the like including the receiving terminal moves, the receiving terminal transmits the position information of the receiving terminal at the time of the reception request, thereby seamless reception and decoding while switching the base stations ex106 to ex110. Can be realized.
  • the receiving terminal can dynamically switch how much meta-information is received or how much map information is updated according to the user's selection, the user's situation, or the communication band state. become.
  • the encoded information transmitted by the user can be received, decoded and reproduced in real time by the client.
  • the content supply system ex100 can perform not only high-quality and long-time content by a video distributor but also unicast or multicast distribution of low-quality and short-time content by an individual. Moreover, such personal contents are expected to increase in the future.
  • the server may perform the encoding process after performing the editing process. This can be realized, for example, with the following configuration.
  • the server After shooting, the server performs recognition processing such as shooting error, scene search, semantic analysis, and object detection from the original image or encoded data. Then, the server manually or automatically corrects out-of-focus or camera shake based on the recognition result, or selects a low-importance scene such as a scene whose brightness is low or out of focus compared to other pictures. Edit such as deleting, emphasizing the edge of an object, and changing the hue. The server encodes the edited data based on the editing result. It is also known that if the shooting time is too long, the audience rating will decrease, and the server will move not only in the less important scenes as described above, but also in motion according to the shooting time. A scene with few images may be automatically clipped based on the image processing result. Alternatively, the server may generate and encode a digest based on the result of the semantic analysis of the scene.
  • recognition processing such as shooting error, scene search, semantic analysis, and object detection from the original image or encoded data. Then, the server manually or automatically corrects out-of-focus or
  • the server may change and encode the face of the person in the periphery of the screen or the inside of the house into an unfocused image.
  • the server recognizes whether or not a face of a person different from the person registered in advance is shown in the encoding target image, and if so, performs processing such as applying a mosaic to the face part. May be.
  • the user designates a person or background area that the user wants to process an image from the viewpoint of copyright, etc., and the server replaces the designated area with another video or blurs the focus. It is also possible to perform such processing. If it is a person, the face image can be replaced while tracking the person in the moving image.
  • the decoding device first receives the base layer with the highest priority and performs decoding and reproduction, depending on the bandwidth.
  • the decoding device may receive the enhancement layer during this time, and may play back high-quality video including the enhancement layer when played back twice or more, such as when playback is looped.
  • a stream that is scalable in this way can provide an experience in which the stream becomes smarter and the image is improved gradually, although it is a rough moving picture when it is not selected or at the beginning of viewing.
  • the same experience can be provided even if the coarse stream played back the first time and the second stream coded with reference to the first video are configured as one stream. .
  • these encoding or decoding processes are generally processed in the LSI ex500 included in each terminal.
  • the LSI ex500 may be configured as a single chip or a plurality of chips.
  • moving image encoding or decoding software is incorporated into some recording medium (CD-ROM, flexible disk, hard disk, etc.) that can be read by the computer ex111 and the like, and encoding or decoding processing is performed using the software. Also good.
  • moving image data acquired by the camera may be transmitted. The moving image data at this time is data encoded by the LSI ex500 included in the smartphone ex115.
  • the content supply system ex100 via the Internet ex101, but also a digital broadcasting system, at least the moving image encoding device (image encoding device) or the moving image decoding device (image decoding device) of the above embodiments. Any of these can be incorporated.
  • the unicasting of the content supply system ex100 is suitable for multicasting because it uses a satellite or the like to transmit and receive multiplexed data in which video and sound are multiplexed on broadcasting radio waves.
  • the same application is possible for the encoding process and the decoding process.
  • FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating the smartphone ex115.
  • FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the smartphone ex115.
  • the smartphone ex115 receives the antenna ex450 for transmitting / receiving radio waves to / from the base station ex110, the camera unit ex465 capable of taking video and still images, the video captured by the camera unit ex465, and the antenna ex450.
  • a display unit ex458 for displaying data obtained by decoding the video or the like.
  • the smartphone ex115 further includes an operation unit ex466 that is a touch panel or the like, a voice output unit ex457 that is a speaker or the like for outputting voice or sound, a voice input unit ex456 that is a microphone or the like for inputting voice, and photographing.
  • Memory unit ex467 that can store encoded video or still image, recorded audio, received video or still image, encoded data such as mail, or decoded data, and a user, and network
  • An external memory may be used instead of the memory unit ex467.
  • a main control unit ex460 that comprehensively controls the display unit ex458, the operation unit ex466, and the like, a power supply circuit unit ex461, an operation input control unit ex462, a video signal processing unit ex455, a camera interface unit ex463, a display control unit ex459, a modulation / Demodulation unit ex452, multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453, audio signal processing unit ex454, slot unit ex464, and memory unit ex467 are connected via bus ex470.
  • the power supply circuit unit ex461 starts up the smartphone ex115 in an operable state by supplying power from the battery pack to each unit.
  • the smartphone ex115 performs processing such as calling and data communication based on the control of the main control unit ex460 having a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
  • the voice signal picked up by the voice input unit ex456 is converted into a digital voice signal by the voice signal processing unit ex454, spread spectrum processing is performed by the modulation / demodulation unit ex452, and digital / analog conversion is performed by the transmission / reception unit ex451.
  • the data is transmitted via the antenna ex450.
  • the received data is amplified and subjected to frequency conversion processing and analog-digital conversion processing, spectrum despreading processing is performed by the modulation / demodulation unit ex452, and converted to analog audio signal by the audio signal processing unit ex454, and then this is output to the audio output unit ex457.
  • text, still image, or video data is sent to the main control unit ex460 via the operation input control unit ex462 by the operation of the operation unit ex466 of the main body unit, and transmission / reception processing is performed similarly.
  • the video signal processing unit ex455 uses the video signal stored in the memory unit ex467 or the video signal input from the camera unit ex465 as described above.
  • the video data is compressed and encoded by the moving image encoding method shown in the form, and the encoded video data is sent to the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex454 encodes the audio signal picked up by the audio input unit ex456 while the camera unit ex465 captures a video or a still image, and sends the encoded audio data to the multiplexing / separating unit ex453. To do.
  • the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453 multiplexes the encoded video data and the encoded audio data by a predetermined method, and the modulation / demodulation unit (modulation / demodulation circuit unit) ex452 and the modulation / demodulation unit ex451 perform modulation processing and conversion.
  • the data is processed and transmitted via the antenna ex450.
  • the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453 performs multiplexing By separating the data, the multiplexed data is divided into a bit stream of video data and a bit stream of audio data, and the encoded video data is supplied to the video signal processing unit ex455 via the synchronization bus ex470. The converted audio data is supplied to the audio signal processing unit ex454.
  • the video signal processing unit ex455 decodes the video signal by the video decoding method corresponding to the video encoding method shown in each of the above embodiments, and is linked from the display unit ex458 via the display control unit ex459.
  • a video or still image included in the moving image file is displayed.
  • the audio signal processing unit ex454 decodes the audio signal, and the audio is output from the audio output unit ex457. Since real-time streaming is widespread, depending on the user's situation, there may be occasions where audio playback is not socially appropriate. Therefore, it is desirable that the initial value is a configuration in which only the video data is reproduced without reproducing the audio signal. Audio may be synchronized and played back only when the user performs an operation such as clicking on video data.
  • the smartphone ex115 has been described here as an example, in addition to a transmission / reception terminal having both an encoder and a decoder as a terminal, a transmission terminal having only an encoder and a reception having only a decoder There are three possible mounting formats: terminals.
  • terminals In the digital broadcasting system, it has been described as receiving or transmitting multiplexed data in which music data or the like is multiplexed with video data.
  • multiplexed data includes character data related to video in addition to audio data. Multiplexing may be performed, and video data itself may be received or transmitted instead of multiplexed data.
  • the terminal often includes a GPU. Therefore, a configuration may be adopted in which a wide area is processed in a lump by utilizing the performance of the GPU by using a memory shared by the CPU and the GPU or a memory whose addresses are managed so as to be used in common. As a result, the encoding time can be shortened, real-time performance can be ensured, and low delay can be realized. In particular, it is efficient to perform motion search, deblocking filter, SAO (Sample Adaptive Offset), and transformation / quantization processing in batches in units of pictures or the like instead of the CPU.
  • SAO Sample Adaptive Offset
  • the present disclosure can be applied to an encoding device that encodes a moving image and a decoding device that decodes the encoded moving image.

Abstract

Dans un procédé de codage, un ou plusieurs premiers coefficients de conversion quantifiés sont quantifiés de manière inverse (S1001), un paramètre de quantification est dérivé sur la base du ou des premiers coefficients de conversion quantifiés de manière inverse (S1002), et un second coefficient de conversion quantifié est quantifié de manière inverse sur la base du paramètre de quantification dérivé (S1003).
PCT/JP2017/011677 2016-03-25 2017-03-23 Procédé et dispositif de codage d'une vidéo à l'aide d'une quantification adaptative du type dépendant d'un signal et décodage WO2017164297A1 (fr)

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US16/086,512 US10939105B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2017-03-23 Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding video using signal dependent adaptive quantization
JP2018507404A JP6895645B2 (ja) 2016-03-25 2017-03-23 信号依存型適応量子化を用いて動画像を符号化及び復号するための方法及び装置
CN201780017970.4A CN109417620B (zh) 2016-03-25 2017-03-23 用于使用信号依赖型自适应量化将运动图像编码及解码的方法及装置
DE112017001540.5T DE112017001540B4 (de) 2016-03-25 2017-03-23 Verfahren und vorrichtungen zum codieren und decodieren von video unter verwendung signalabhängiger adaptiver quantisierung
US17/145,531 US11523116B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2021-01-11 Methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding video using signal dependent adaptive quantization

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US11523116B2 (en) 2022-12-06
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CN109417620A (zh) 2019-03-01
US20190075293A1 (en) 2019-03-07
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