Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
  • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
  • H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
  • H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction

Definitions

• Various aspects of this disclosure relate generally to the processing of tracing information of a radio signal.
• VDT Virtual Drive Test traces pilot IQ samples of a received radio signal.
• VDT is a testing methodology which can be used to automatically test the function and the performance of a radio communication device such as e.g. a User Equipment (UE) by using so-called test vectors which are not generated by a test case designer, but automatically generated by IQ data and control flows which generated in the field and which are traced by a UE from the field.
• UE User Equipment
• One aspect when enabling VDT is to efficiently trace the pilot IQ samples and control flows from the field, and then to reproduce the fading channel environment in the field by using the traced IQ samples, and to reproduce the procedures by using the traced control flow by post processing in a lab.
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• CA carrier aggregation
• each Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS) subcarrier is 16 bit quantized (16 bit for imaginary part and 16 bit for real part), then the total tracing bandwidth for descrambled CRS subcarriers will be 512 Mbps; this is exceeding the normal write speed of a flash memory with a USB 3.0 interface.
• High tracing bandwidth may also introduce a storage problem because in the mentioned example, consider a driving test with 2 hours. Such a driving test would requires a flash/hard-disk memory of at least 460.8 GB only for storing the pilot IQ samples.
• One conventional method to reduce the pilot tracing bandwidth is to sub- quantize the pilot IQ samples with less digital bits. For example, to trace only MSB 8 bit out of 16 bit of a CRS subcarrier. This approach results in an accuracy loss, which increase the gap between interpolated fading profile provided in a lab and a real fading profile provided in the field.
• this disclosure also generally relates to general internal message tracing, which is used in almost all scenarios where a mobile radio communication device is tested.
• the testing time is very long, for example in stress testing or in field stability testing, the tracing throughput is usually sufficient but the logsize (e.g. the size of a log file) can be problematically too high.
• the size of message log should be considered e.g. in modem lab KPI testing, stress/stability testing, and field testing.
• the size of message login of an Intel modem chip XMM7260 is three to four times higher than a log file size of an iPhone for LTE connected mode. Therefore, the collection of message traces can produce a large volume of data that is difficult, or even impossible, to store and analyze.
• One conventional approach to reduce the message tracing load is to set priorities for different types of messages and to not always trace all messages. But this method does not reduce the tracing load when all messages are enabled.
• Another conventional approach is to apply a complicated lossless compression algorithm such as the so-called Huffman coding.
• Huffman coding For such a method, one drawback is the high complexity of the coding technique and thus the hardware costs for the implementation thereof.
• Another drawback may be seen in that it does not make use of the properties of wireless communications, so it has limited compression gain: the theoretical maximal compression ratio is limited by entropy of the binary data to be compressed.
• a method of processing tracing information of a radio signal received via a radio channel may include determining the tracing information based on the radio signal, determining at least one channel parameter representing a radio channel condition of the radio channel, compressing the tracing information based on the determined at least one channel parameter, and storing the compressed tracing information in a memory.
• FIG. 1 shows a mobile radio communication system
• FIG. 2 shows a tracing arrangement
• FIG. 3 shows an example of static field testing, where RSRP values in a measurement reporting message within a continuous time window are plotted
• FIG. 4 shows a mobile radio communication terminal device
• FIG. 5 shows a diagram illustrating the performance difference of constant PCM sub-quantization and an ADPCM as provided in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure
• FIG. 6 shows an implementation of the compression circuit of FIG. 4
• FIG. 7 shows the diagram of FIG. 5 illustrating an ADPCM compression scheme
• FIG. 8 shows an implementation of the ADPCM compressor circuit of FIG. 6
• FIG. 9 shows an implementation of the PCM compressor circuit of FIG. 6
• FIG. 10 shows a mobile radio communication terminal device
• FIG. 11 shows an implementation of the compression circuit of FIG. 10
• FIG. 12 shows the tracebox of FIG. 1 ;
• FIG. 13 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method of processing tracing information of a radio signal received via a radio channel
• FIG. 14 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method of processing compressed tracing information stored in a memory.
• Various aspects of this disclosure may reduce the tracing load of a mobile radio communication device implementation in physical layer (also referred to as Layer 1 (LI) in accordance with the Internation Standardization Organization (ISO) Open System Interconnect (OSI) Layer Model).
• tracing is a process of dumping e.g. internal IQ samples / internal messages / variables into a storage memory when a mobile radio communication device is tested either in a lab or in the field.
• the dumped information can be further fetched and post-processed to analyze or reproduce the testing scenario.
• various aspects of this disclosure may reduce two major contributors of tracing load: pilot IQ sample tracing and/or LI internal message tracing.
• VDT Virtual Drive Test traces pilot IQ samples of a received radio signal.
• VDT is a testing methodology which can be used to automatically test the function and the performance of a radio communication device such as e.g. a User Equipment (UE) by using so-called test vectors which are not generated by a test case designer, but automatically generated by IQ data and control flows which are generated in the field and which are traced by a UE from the field.
• UE User Equipment
• FIG. 1 shows a mobile radio communication system in a VDT scenario, e.g. configured in accordance with a Wide Area Network (WAN) mobile radio
• 3 GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• LTE- A LTE- Advanced
• pilot IQ samples are demodulated pilot signals which are further used e.g. for channel estimation or synchronization by a mobile radio communication terminal device (e.g. User Equiment (UE) receiver) (for example, descrambled cell specific reference signals (CRS) for LTE) 102.
• a mobile radio communication terminal device e.g. User Equiment (UE) receiver
• CRS descrambled cell specific reference signals
• a first eNodeB (in general a first base station) 104 and a second eNodeB (in general a second base station) 106 are transmitting radio signals 108 to the UE 102.
• the radio signals 108 may include radio pilot signals.
• the pilot signals may include cell-specific reference signals.
• the pilot signals may be provided in both time and frequency in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology.
• the pilot signals may provide (or may be used to provide) an estimate of the radio channel via which the radio signals 108 have been transmitted at given locations in a suframe.
• OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
• [0024] mobile radio downlink channel quality measurements.
• decoded pilot IQ samples 112 determined by the UE 102 may be tranmitted from the UE 102 to the tracebox 110.
• messages and control flows 114 are also traced.
• the UE 102 as well as the tracebox 110 may include a corresponding communication interface such as e.g. a Universal Serial Bus (USB) communication interface (e.g. Version 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0, and the like).
• USB Universal Serial Bus
• the traced data stored within the tracebox 110 is fetched and further processed.
• the messages and control flows 114 are read from a memory of the tracebox 110 and may be fed into an eNodeB emulator 202 (for example CMW 500) to control the eNodeB emulator 202 to generate clean downlink radio communication streams and commands 204 same as in the field 100.
• the traced pilot IQ samples 112 are fed into a post-processing Personal Computer (PC) 206.
• the post-processing PC 206 can apply advanced channel estimations to interpolate a fading channel profile as well as a noise level 208 in the field 100.
• the interpolated channel and noise profiles 208 may be used to control a fader equipment 210 to apply fading and noise 208 on the downlink data stream 204 generated by the eNodeB emulator 202.
• the downlink data stream 204 processed in such a way is further fed into the UE 102 as a downlink radio stream 212 to do a testing by the UE 102 and or additional test equipment (not shown) as desired.
• This disclosure provides a method for reducing load of pilot IQ sample tracing for virtual drive test, for example. It tries to reduce the trace bandwidth while at the same time maintain the tracing accuracy as much as possible.
• One aspect of this disclosure is to reduce tracing load by using correlation properties of a radio communication channel. Since the fading radio communication channels in a wireless environment are usually correlated in both time and frequency direction, there are strong similarities of adjacent pilot IQ samples or neighboring subcarriers within one pilot IQ sample. And such similarity further means there may be redundancy within and between pilot IQ samples which can be used by compression.
• various aspects of this disclosure may run-time detect the fading radio communication channel correlations by using the existing parameter estimations within a UE, e.g.: delay spread (DS), and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR).
• DS delay spread
• SNR signal-to-noise-ratio
• ADPCM adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
• the number of sub-quantization bits may further be decided by detected radio communication channel correlation metric (such as e.g. SNR and delay spread): the higher the radio communication correlation, the less sub-quantization bits are chosen, and thus the better compression ratio may be achieved.
• an ADPCM decompressor may re-create the pilots, e.g. the pilot IQ samples, in a post-processing PC within a VDT infrastructure such as the one as shown in FIG. 1. Furthermore, when estimated radio communication channel parameters show low correlations of pilot subcarriers: low SNR or long delay spread, the method may fall back to the use of a constant PCM sub-quantizer to quantize the pilot IQ samples.
• Various aspects of this disclosure may further extend the above described aspects for general message tracing load reduction by exploring the correlation soft message contents in a similar way: according to an analysis, contributors of message tracing load are the signal properties reporting fields embedded in LI messages: such as Automatic Gain Control (AGC) gain settings, detailed RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) / RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) / SINR (signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio) / RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) per antenna, frequency offset estimation, time offset estimations, CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication) reportingvalues, TX (Transmit) power control, etc.
• AGC Automatic Gain Control
• RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
• RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
• SINR signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio
• RSSI Receiveived Signal Strength Indicator
• CQI Channel Quality Indicator
• PMI
• LI message fields are reported by internal messages every TTI (Transmission Time Interval), and therefore becomes a contributor of message logsize when the testing time is long.
• TTI Transmission Time Interval
• These LI message fields reflect the signal properties in wireless channels, in other words in radio communication channels, and the idea is a gain to make use of it.
• those LI message fields are highly correlated within a continuous time window and therefore can be compressed in the similarway like in VDT, for example.
• FIG. 3 shows an example of static field testing, where RSRP values in one or more measurement reporting messages within a continuous time window are plotted in a characteristic 302 of a diagram 300.
• the right hand side of the diagram 300 shows an enlarged portion 304 of the characteristic 302.
• the values are fetched from LI message trace. It can be observed that, although 3GPP specifies a big dynamic range of RSRP values from -70 dbm to -140 dbm, but within a short time window in the example, the real dynamic range is in the short time window in the plot (i.e. in the enlarged portion 304) is only from -79 dbm to -81 dbm. Using much less bits to sub-quantize the delta of RSRP values in subsequent messages within such time window may give good compression gain.
• FIG. 4 shows a mobile radio communication terminal device 102 such as the UE 102 in more detail.
• UE 102 may include an antenna structure 402 having one or more antennas configured to receive and transmit radio signals.
• Antenna structure 402 may include or be a MEMO (multiple input multiple output) antenna structure 402.
• UE 102 may include a Radio Frequency (RF) circuit 404, which in turn may include an RF amplifier circuit 406 (which may include one or more power amplifiers (not shown)) coupled to the antenna structure 402 to receive and/or to transmit a radio signal 408.
• RF Radio Frequency
• a mixer circuit 410 may be provided in the RF circuit 404 coupled to the RF amplifier circuit 406 and configured to frequency downconvert a received and amplified (analog) radio signal 412 provided by the RF amplifier circuit 406, for example.
• the RF circuit 404 may include or be connected to a local oscillator circuit 414 configured to generate a local oscillator signal 416 and to provide the same to the mixer circuit 408.
• the mixer circuit 410 is e.g. configured to frequency downconvert the amplified (analog) radio signal 412 to a baseband frequency range using the local oscillator signal 416, to thereby generate an analog baseband signal 418.
• the analog baseband signal 418 may be applied to an analog to digital converter (ADC) 420.
• the ADC 420 may be a circuit of the RF circuit 404 or of a baseband circuit 422, which will be described in more detail below.
• the ADC 420 may also be a separate circuit.
• the ADC 420 may be configured to digitize the analog baseband signal 418 to provide a digitized basedband signal stream 422, which may be applied to a spectral transformation circuit 424 of a baseband circuit 422, e.g. a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) circuit 424.
• the FFT circuit 424 may perform a Fast Fourier Transformation to the digitized basedband signal stream 422 to thereby generate transformed baseband signals 426.
• the baseband circuit 422 may further include a demodulator circuit 428 configured to perform a modulation symbol detection on the transformed baseband signals 426.
• the demodulator circuit 428 generates a plurality of IQ samples 430.
• the IQ samples 430 may include one or more pilot IQ samples.
• the baseband circuit 422 may further include a pilot IQ sample extractor 432 coupled to an output of the demodulator circuit 428 to receive the IQ samples 430.
• the pilot IQ sample extractor 432 may be configured to determine pilot IQ samples from the IQ samples and provide the determined pilot IQ samples 434 at an output of the pilot IQ sample extractor 432.
• the demodulator circuit 428 may also provide one or more of the IQ samples 430 to a compression parameter determination circuit 436, which may also be a part of the baseband circuit 422.
• the compression parameter determination circuit 436 may be configured to determine one or more compression parameters 438 (also referred to as at least one channel parameter 438) representing a radio channel condition of the radio channel via which the radio signal 408 has been received by the antenna structure 402.
• the at least one channel parameter may e.g. describe a correlation property of the radio channel between a plurality of tracing information portions of the tracing information.
• the at least one channel parameter may include a delay spread parameter and/or a signal-to-noise-ratio parameter.
• the at least one channel parameter may include (in addition or as an alternative) a Doppler spread parameter and/or a Doppler shift parameter.
• the baseband circuit 422 may further include a compression circuit 440, which will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 6.
• the compression circuit 440 may be configured to generate compressed pilot IQ samples 442, which may be output via a tracebox interface 444, e.g. to a tracebox, e.g. the tracebox 110 as shown in FIG. 1.
• the tracebox interface 444 may be a digital interface such as e.g. a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, e.g. version 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0, and the like. Other digital interfaces may be provided as well, if desired.
• USB Universal Serial Bus
• the compression circuit 440 may be configured to generate compressed pilot IQ samples 442, e.g. using an adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) process.
• ADPCM adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
• FIG. 5 shows a diagram 500 illustrating the performance difference of constant PCM sub-quantization in the compression of the pilot IQ samples and an ADPCM sub-quantization in the compression of the pilot IQ samples as provided in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure.
• the diagram 500 shows two characteristics illustrating a quantization Mean Square Error (MSE) 502 dependent on the SNR (in dB) 504, using a logarithmic scale.
• a first characteristic 506 shows the quantization Mean Square Error (MSE) 502 dependent on the SNR (in dB) 504 in the case of a PCM sub-quantization in the compression of the pilot IQ samples.
• a second characteristic 508 shows the quantization Mean Square Error (MSE) 502 dependent on the SNR (in dB) 504 in the case of an ADPCM sub-quantization in the compression of the pilot IQ samples.
• pilot IQ tracing load reduction in VDT as will be illustrated in more detail below, compared with conventional methods which apply constant sub- quantization for the traced pilots (using a PCM compressor), or with conventional methods which trace only a subset of pilot samples, methods in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure may achieve better accuracy for fading profile re-creation while at the same time may achieve lower tracing bandwidth. It may also be robust against different fading environments and noise levels.
• FIG. 5 shows the performance difference of constant PCM sub-quantization method and an ADPCM based compression method in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure for LTE demodulated CRS subcarriers compression.
• both PCM and ADPCM 8 bits are used for sub-quantization.
• EVA 70 channel model is used.
• constant PCM sub-quantization has constant accuracy independent from the SNR (see first characteristic 506), while ADPCM for high SNR levels
• the accuracy of the ADPCM method increases as well and is better than that of PCM (see the reduced quantization MSE in the second characteristic 508).
• adapting the bits dynamically may basically double the quantization error per bit removed. By way of example, that means that at e.g. 17.5 dB the performance of the ADPCM 8 bit sub- quantization is better by a factor of approx. 8. (4 * 10 - 55 * 10 - 6).
• FIG. 6 shows an examplary implementation of the compression circuit 440 in more detail.
• the compression circuit 440 may include a compression control circuit 602, a demultiplexer 604, an ADPCM compressor circuit 606, a PCM compressor circuit 608, a stamp memory 610, and a multiplexer 612.
• Compression control circuit 602 receives one or more channel parameters 438, e.g. from the compression parameter determination circuit 436.
• compression control circuit 602 receives as channel parameters 438 a first channel parameter 614 (e.g. delay spread parameter 614), and/or a second channel parameter 616 (e.g. signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) parameter 616).
• a first channel parameter 614 e.g. delay spread parameter 614
• a second channel parameter 616 e.g. signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) parameter 616
• Compression parameter determination circuit 436 e.g. determines the delay spread parameter 614 and/or the SNR parameter 616 from the received demodulated radio signals, e.g. from the pilot IQ samples.
• the delay spread parameter 614 describes the delay spread of the received radio signal 408.
• the SNR parameter 616 describes the SNR of the received radio signal 408.
• the compression control circuit 602 is configured to determine as to whether e.g. the ADPCM or the PCM should be selected for compressing the pilot IQ samples 434.
• the pilot IQ sample extractor 432 extracts the pilot IQ samples 434 from the received IQ samples 430 and applies the extracted pilot IQ samples 434 to an input of the demultiplexer 604.
• the compression control circuit 602 generates a compression scheme selection signal 618 indicating the selection of the compression scheme (e.g. indicating whether the ADPCM or the PCM should be selected for compressing the pilot IQ samples 434) and applies the same to a control input of the demultiplexer 604 as well as to a control input of the multiplexer 612.
• the demultiplexer 604 applies the applied extracted pilot IQ samples 434 either to the PCM compressor circuit 608 or to the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 dependent on the compression scheme selection signal 618.
• the demultiplexer 604 forwards the extracted pilot IQ samples 434 (e.g. only) to the PCM compressor circuit 608 via a first output of the demultiplexer 604.
• the PCM compressor circuit 608 then applies a PCM on the received extracted pilot IQ samples 434 and applies PCM compressed extracted pilot IQ samples 620 to a first input of the
• the demultiplexer 604 forwards the extracted pilot IQ samples 434 (e.g. only) to the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 via a second output of the demultiplexer 604.
• the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 then applies an ADPCM on the received extracted pilot IQ samples 434 and applies ADPCM compressed extracted pilot IQ samples 622 to a second input of the multiplexer 612.
• the compression control circuit 602 further determines an ADPCM control signal 624 indicating the number of bits the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 should use for the compression (e.g. for the sub-quantization) of one or more of the extracted pilot IQ samples 434.
• the compression control circuit 602 may generate the ADPCM control signal 624 for each signal block (e.g. in case of a signal block- wise quantization).
• the ADPCM control signal 624 may instruct the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 to use the respectively instructed number of bits for compression of all the extracted pilot IQ samples 434 of the respectively associated signal block.
• the compression control circuit 602 may generate the ADPCM control signal 624 for each extracted pilot IQ samples 434 (e.g. in case of a pilot IQ sample-wise quantization).
• the ADPCM control signal 624 may instruct the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 to use the respectively instructed number of bits for compression of exactly one extracted pilot IQ sample 434.
• Compression control circuit 602 may use a pre-stored look-up table assigning a respective quantization bit number e.g. to a respective region of delay spread and/or to a respective region of SNR.
• the compression control circuit 602 may be configured to select the number of bits for quantization based on the following general rule: the better the channel quality, the less bits are selected for quantization. By way of example, the higher the determined SNR value and/or the smaller the determined delay spread value, the smaller the number of bits selected for quantization.
• FIG. 6 illustrates as to how to apply this for pilot IQ sampling tracing reduction. In FIG. 6, the
• compression control circuit 602 may decide based on different parameters. As described above, the compression control circuit 602 may be in charge of multiplexing the input samples to the best path (e.g. using PCM or ADPCM) and to determine the number of bits needed to quantize in ADPCM mode, for example. This is provided to achieve a certain performance level with the lowest amount of bits possible. The compression control circuit 602 may use run-time estimated delay spread value 614 and SNR value 616 as the input for compression scheme selection e.g.
• ADPCM compressor circuit 606 when both delay spread value 614 and SNR value 616 are reaching a respectively pre-defined threshold (alternatively, when delay spread value 614 or SNR value 616 is reaching a respectively pre-defined threshold), ADPCM compressor circuit 606 is selected, otherwise, PCM compressor circuit 608 is selected.
• SNR value 616 and delay spread value 614 may also be used to fine select the number of sub-quantization bits as described above: the better the channel correlation, the less of the bits may be used.
• FIG. 7 illustrates the basic diagram 500 of FIG. 5, will now be described as to how the compression control circuit 602 may select the compression scheme and as to how the compression control circuit 602 may determine the number of bits to be used for ADPCM compression, for example.
• the respective associations may be stored in a look-up table of the compression control circuit 602.
• the compression control circuit 602 may determine the compression scheme and the number of bits as follows dependent on the respectively received SNR value (for illustration purposes, the delay spread value has not been taken into consideration, but it is noted that also a combination of the received SNR value and the received delay spread value may be considered for the selection):
• the compression control circuit 602 selects the ADPCM compressor circuit 606, the ADPCM compressor circuit 606, in addition to performing the ADPCM compression on the applied extracted pilot IQ samples 434, it may store the associated compression information, e.g. the number of bits used compressing the respective extracted pilot IQ samples 434, a base value used for a respective compression block (e.g. quantization block) of a plurality of compressed (e.g. quantized) extracted pilot IQ samples 434, and/or a number of extracted pilot IQ samples 434 being compressed (e.g. quantized) using the respective number of bits, in other words, the size of a respective compression block (e.g. quantization block).
• the compression control circuit 602 selects the ADPCM compressor circuit 606, the ADPCM compressor circuit 606, in addition to performing the ADPCM compression on the applied extracted pilot IQ samples 434, it may store the associated compression information, e.g. the number of bits used compressing the respective extracted pilot IQ samples 434, a base value used for a respective
• the compression information may store the associated compression information in the stamp memory 610.
• the compression information stored in the stamp memory 610 will also be referred to as a "stamp".
• the "stamp" as output of the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 contains important compression parameter, e.g. bits used to quantize, the first sample of the input (e.g. the first extracted pilot IQ sample 434 of the respective quantization block) as well as the number of samples (e.g. the number of extracted pilot IQ samples 434) quantized. This information is provided to reconstruct the samples (e.g. the extracted pilot IQ samples 434) at the decompressing process, which will be described in more detail below.
• the extracted pilot IQ samples 434 may be compressed time block by time block, with each time block having an afixed compression scheme and ratio (e.g. afixed number of bits).
• the time duration for each time block can either be constant based on the assumption of the maximal channel coherence time or can also be dynamically changed e.g. based on channel coherence time estimation in the run time, e.g. estimated by the compression control circuit 602.
• the compression control circuit 602 may also apply the ADPCM control signal 624 to the multiplexer 612 to select either the PCM
• the multiplexer 612 selects the information as instructed and provides the selected information at its output as the compressed pilot IQ samples 442 and applies the same to the trace box interface 444 and via that, e.g. to the trace box 110.
• FIG. 8 shows an exemplary implementation of the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 of FIG. 6.
• the input of the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 may be the determined pilot IQ samples 434, e.g. in the form of N samples of size "m" bit (in other words, each sample has m bits, m being an integer value greater than 1). Since the delta of two adjacent pilot subcarriers (in other words of respectively two immediately subsequent pilot IQ samples 434) should be quantized, a first process may be that the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 calculates this delta (in 802). If there are N samples (N being an integer value greater than 1), there are (N-l) deltas between those values. With the first sample and all (N-l) deltas it is possible to reconstruct all original samples.
• the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 stores the first sample “sample(l)” 804 in the stamp memory 610.
• the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 may store the delta samples "sampleDelta[lxN-l]” 806 in a buffer for further sub-quantization processing.
• the ADPCM compressor circuit 606 detects the maximal effective MSB (Most Significant Bit) bit position over all delta samples (in 808), and may scale all delta samples up according to the maximal effective MSB bit position.
• the common scaling factor is computed in the following formula:
• ADPCM compressor circuit 606 may scale all delta samples 806 up by the computed common scaling factor, so that the original ratios between samples are kept (in 810). This process may avoid a sub-quantization overflow when the real computed delta is unexpectedly big.
• ADPCM compressor circuit 606 may cut off (m-nl) LSBs (Least Significant Bits), while m denotes the size of one delta sample at the input in bits and nl denotes the size of one sample at the output in bits (ADPCM compressor circuit 606 may select nl by run-time detected channel correlations (SINR and delay spread), the higher correlation, the smaller nl is for better compression).
• SINR and delay spread run-time detected channel correlations
• the output 622 is then N samples of size "nl" bits.
• ADPCM compressor circuit 606 may compress the input stream from m*N bits down to nl *N bits(nl ⁇ m).
• FIG. 9 shows an exemplary implementation of the PCM compressor circuit 608 of FIG. 6 and thus a detailed implementation of PCM based sub-quantization.
• the sub-quantization part is similar with that in FIG. 8 but the target of quantization is not the delta of samples but the samples themselves, and the number of quantization bits (n2) is pre-defined because the accuracy does not depend on channel correlations.
• the PCM compressor circuit 608 detects effective maximal MSB bit position in 902, and may scale up the samples according to the worst case effective MSB in 904, in the same way as in ADPCM. Then, in 906, the PCM compressor circuit 608 finally may cut off the (m-n) LSB. As the result, PCM compressor circuit 608 may compress the input stream 434 from m*N bits down to n2*N bits (nl ⁇ n2 ⁇ m) in the output stream 620.
• a compression of Layer 1 (LI) message fields may be provided to improve LI message trace load reduction, for example.
• LI Layer 1
• various aspects of this disclosure may further explore the properties of wireless channels and may provide a higher compression gain. Furthermore, it is not conflicting with existing methods and can be used in a combined way.
• FIG. 10 shows a mobile radio communication terminal device 102 such as the UE 102 in more detail in accordance with another exemplary implementation.
• UE 102 may include an antenna structure 1002 having one or more antennas configured to receive and transmit radio signals.
• Antenna structure 1002 may include or be a MEMO (multiple input multiple output) antenna structure 1002.
• UE 102 may include a Radio Frequency (RF) circuit 1004, which in turn may include an RF amplifier circuit 1006 (which may include one or more power amplifiers (not shown)) coupled to the antenna structure 1002 to receive and/or to transmit a radio signal 1008.
• RF Radio Frequency
• a mixer circuit 1010 may be provided in the RF circuit 1004 coupled to the RF amplifier circuit 1006 and configured to frequency downconvert a received and amplified (analog) radio signal 1012 provided by the RF amplifier circuit 1006, for example.
• the RF circuit 1004 may include or be connected to a local oscillator circuit 1014 configured to generate a local oscillator signal 1016 and to provide the same to the mixer circuit 1008.
• the mixer circuit 1010 is e.g. configured to frequency downconvert the amplified (analog) radio signal 1012 to a baseband frequency range using the local oscillator signal 1016, to thereby generate an analog baseband signal 1018.
• the analog baseband signal 1018 may be applied to an analog to digital converter (ADC) 1020.
• ADC 1020 may be a circuit of the RF circuit 1004 or of a baseband circuit 1022, which will be described in more detail below.
• the ADC 1020 may also be a separate circuit.
• the ADC 1020 may be configured to digitize the analog baseband signal 1018 to provide a digitized basedband signal stream 1022, which may be applied to a spectral transformation circuit 1024 of a baseband circuit 1022, e.g. a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) circuit 1024.
• the FFT circuit 1024 may perform a Fast Fourier Transformation to the digitized basedband signal stream 1022 to thereby generate transformed baseband signals 1026.
• the baseband circuit 1022 may further include a demodulator circuit 1028 configured to perform a modulation symbol detection on the transformed baseband signals 1026.
• the demodulator circuit 1028 generates one or more LI (Layer 1) messages 1030, e.g. in accordance with LTE.
• the LI messages 1030 may include one or more header fields (which may also be referred to as control fields). [0069] Depending on the type of channel a respective LI message 1030 may refer to, various information (e.g. UE specific information) may be included in the respective LI message 1030. This information may also only slightly change over time so that a compression of the values of the respective LI message field and thus, illustratively, a compression of the respective LI message may be provided, using a similar compression scheme as described above with respect to the pilot IQ samples.
• various information e.g. UE specific information
• LI message fields subject to compression may include one or more of the following:
• AGC Automatic Gain Control
• RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
• RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
• SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
• RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
• CQI Channel Quality Indicator
• the baseband circuit 122 may further include an LI message field extractor
• the LI message field extractor 1032 may be configured to determine LI message fields to be compressed from the LI messages 1030 and provide the determined LI message fields 1034 at an output of the LI message field extractor 1032.
• the demodulator circuit 1028 may also provide one or more of the LI messages 1030 to a compression parameter determination circuit 1036, which may also be a part of the baseband circuit 1022.
• the compression parameter determination circuit 1036 may be configured to determine one or more compression parameters 1038 (also referred to as at least one channel parameter 1038) representing a radio channel condition of the radio channel via which the radio signal 1008 has been received by the antenna structure 1002.
• the at least one channel parameter may e.g.
• the at least one channel parameter may include a Doppler shift parameter and/or Doppler spread parameter, which reflects the mobility situation of the UE 102.
• the baseband circuit 1022 may further include a compression circuit 1040, which will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 1 1.
• the compression circuit 1040 may be configured to generate compressed LI message fields 1042, which may be output via a tracebox interface 1044, e.g. to a tracebox, e.g. the tracebox 110 as shown in FIG. 1.
• the tracebox interface 1044 may be a digital interface such as e.g. a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, e.g. version 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0, and the like. Other digital interfaces may be provided as well, if desired.
• USB Universal Serial Bus
• the compression circuit 1040 may be configured to generate compressed LI message fields 1042, e.g. using an adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) process.
• ADPCM adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
• FIG. 11 shows an examplary implementation of the compression circuit 1040 in more detail.
• the compression circuit 1040 may include a compression control circuit 1 102, a demultiplexer 1104, an ADPCM compressor circuit 1 106, a PCM compressor circuit 1108, a stamp memory 1 110, and a multiplexer 1112.
• Compression control circuit 1102 receives one or more channel parameters 1038, e.g. from the compression parameter determination circuit 1036.
• compression control circuit 602 receives as channel parameters 1038 a first channel parameter 1114 (e.g. Doppler shift parameter 1114), and/or a second channel parameter 1116 (e.g. Doppler spread parameter 1116).
• Compression parameter determination circuit 1036 e.g. determines the Doppler shift parameter 11 14 and/or the Doppler spread parameter 1 116 from the received
• the Doppler shift parameter 1114 describes the Doppler shift of the received radio signal 1008.
• the Doppler spread parameter parameter 1 116 describes the Doppler spread of the received radio signal 1008.
• the compression control circuit 602 is configured to determine as to whether e.g. the ADPCM or the PCM should be seleected for compressing the LI message fields 1034.
• the LI message field extractor 1032 extracts the LI message fields 1034 from the received LI messages 1030 and applies the extracted LI message fields 1034 to an input of the demultiplexer 1104.
• the compression control circuit 1102 generates a
• compression scheme selection signal 1 118 indicating the selection of the compression scheme (e.g. indicating whether the ADPCM or the PCM should be seleected for compressing the LI message fields 1034) and applies the same to a control input of the demultiplexer 1104 as well as to a control input of the multiplexer 1112.
• demultiplexer 1104 applies the applied extracted pilot IQ samples 1034 either to the PCM compressor circuit 1108 or to the ADPCM compressor circuit 1106 dependent on the compression scheme selection signal 1 118.
• the compression scheme selection signal 1118 indicates the selection of PCM as the compression scheme to be used and thereby instructing the demultiplexer 1 104 to apply the extracted pilot IQ samples 1034 to the PCM compressor circuit 1108, the demultiplexer 1104 forwards the extracted LI message fields 1034 (e.g. only) to the PCM compressor circuit 1108 via a first output of the demultiplexer 1104.
• the PCM compressor circuit 1108 then applies a PCM on the received extracted LI message fields 1034 and applies PCM compressed extracted LI message fields 1120 to a first input of the multiplexer 11 12.
• the demultiplexer 1104 forwards the extracted LI message fields 1034 (e.g. only) to the ADPCM compressor circuit 1106 via a second output of the demultiplexer 1 104.
• the ADPCM compressor circuit 1106 then applies an ADPCM on the received extracted LI message fields 1034 and applies ADPCM compressed extracted LI message fields 1122 to a second input of the multiplexer 1112.
• the compression control circuit 1 102 further determines an ADPCM control signal 1 124 indicating the number of bits the ADPCM compressor circuit 1106 should use for the compression (e.g.
• the compression control circuit 1102 may generate the ADPCM control signal 1124 for each signal block (e.g. in case of a signal block-wise quantization). In other words, the ADPCM control signal 1124 may instruct the ADPCM compressor circuit 1106 to use the respectively instructed number of bits for compression of all the extracted LI message fields 1034 of the respectively associated signal block. However, alternatively, the compression control circuit 1102 may generate the ADPCM control signal 1124 for each extracted LI message fields 1034 (e.g. in case of a LI message-wise quantization). In other words, in this case, the ADPCM control signal 1 124 may instruct the ADPCM compressor circuit 1106 to use the respectively instructed number of bits for compression of exactly one extracted LI message field 1034.
• Compression control circuit 1102 may use a pre-stored look-up table assigning a respective quantization bit number e.g. to a respective region of Doppler shift and/or to a respective region of Doppler spread.
• the compression control circuit 1102 may be configured to select the number of bits for quantization based on the following general rule: the better the channel quality, the less bits are selected for quantization.
• the smaller the determined Doppler shift value and/or the smaller the determined Doppler spread value the smaller the number of bits selected for quantization.
• FIG. 11 illustrates as to how to apply this for LI message tracing reduction.
• the compression control circuit 1102 may decide based on different parameters. As described above, the compression control circuit 1102 may be in charge of multiplexing the input samples to the best path (e.g. using PCM or ADPCM) and to determine the number of bits needed to quantize in ADPCM mode, for example. This is provided to achieve a certain performance level with the lowest amount of bits possible.
• the compression control circuit 1102 may use run-time estimated Doppler shift value 1114 and Doppler spread value 11 16 as the input for compression scheme selection e.g.
• Doppler shift value 11 14 and Doppler spread value 1116 are reaching a respectively predefined threshold (alternatively, when Doppler shift value 11 14 or Doppler spread value 1116 is reaching a respectively pre-defined threshold), ADPCM compressor circuit 1106 is selected, otherwise, PCM compressor circuit 1108 is selected by compression control circuit 1102.
• ADPCM is selected as the compression scheme
• Doppler spread value 11 16 and Doppler shift value 1 114 may also be used to fine select the number of sub-quantization bits as described above: the better the channel correlation, the less of the bits may be used.
• the implementation diagram may be similar to the one as shown in FIG. 4.
• the channel parameter here is Doppler shift and Doppler spread, which reflects the mobility situation of UE 102.
• ADPCM may be chosen to compress the signal property fields across subsequent LI messages within a continuous time window: including such as AGC gain settings, detailed RSRP/RSRQ/SINR/RSSI per antenna, frequency offset estimation, time offset estimations, CQI, PMI, RI reporting values, TX power control, etc.
• PCM compressor may be chosen to constantly sub-quantize those fields for compression.
• Another difference comparing with pilot IQ compression may be that the computation load for compressing message field may be lighter, so it can be implemented by DSPFW (Digital Signal Processing Firmware) instead of HW (Hardware).
• FIG. 12 shows the tracebox 110 of FIG. 1 in more detail.
• the tracebox 110 may include a tracebox interface 1202, a memory 1204, a de-compression circuit 1206, a controller 1208, and a tracebox PC interface 1210.
• the tracebox interface 1202 may be coupled to the corresponding tracebox interface 444, 1044 of the UE 102 (such as e.g. UE 102 of FIG. 4 or UE 102 of FIG. 10).
• the tracebox interface 1202 may be a digital interface such as e.g. a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, e.g. version 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0, and the like.
• USB Universal Serial Bus
• the tracebox interface 1202 of the tracebox 110 should be compatible for communication with the tracebox interface 444, 1044 of the UE 102. Other digital interfaces may be provided as well, if desired.
• the tracebox 1 10 may receive the compressed pilot IQ samples 442 and/or the compressed LI message fields 1042 (e.g.
• the post-processing PC 206 requests the pilot IQ samples 442 and/or the LI message fields 1042, e.g. for a VDT, the post-processing PC 206 may send a corresponding data request to the tracebox 110.
• the tracebox 1 10 may receive the data request via its tracebox PC interface 1210 and may forward the data request 1212 to the controller 1208.
• the controller 1208 may be configured to control the memory 1204 to retrieve the requested data stored in compressed format in the memory 1204 (e.g.
• de-compression circuit 1206 which is configured to decompress the compressed compressed pilot IQ samples 442 and/or the compressed LI message fields 1042, respectively, in accordance with ADPCM or PCM using the compression information associated with the compressed tracing information, for example, which may also be stored in the memory 1204 (and may be part of the compressed pilot IQ samples 442 and/or the compressed LI message fields 1042 transmitted from the UE 102 to the tracebox 1 10.
• the decompression circuit 1206 may then output decompressed requested data (e.g.
• decompressed pilot IQ samples 1216 and/or decompressed LI message fields 1218 to the tracebox PC interface 1210, which may be configured to transmit the same to the postprocessing PC 206, for example.
• various aspects of this disclosure may enable VDT for high throughput scenarios (for example carrier aggregation at high bandwidth), a speeding up of the testing and verification phase for radio modems, a speeding up of the response to customer field issues, and/or a reduction of the cost (databus / storage size) of tracing devices for radio modems.
• FIG. 13 shows a flow diagram 1300 illustrating a method of processing tracing information of a radio signal received via a radio channel.
• the method may include, in 1302, determining the tracing information based on the radio signal, in 1304, determining at least one channel parameter representing a radio channel condition of the radio channel, in 1306, compressing the tracing information based on the determined at least one channel parameter, and, in 1308, storing the compressed tracing information in a memory.
• FIG. 14 shows a flow diagram 1400 illustrating a method of processing compressed tracing information stored in a memory.
• the method may include, in 1402, reading a first compressed tracing information from a memory, in 1404, decompressing the first compressed tracing information using a first compression parameter in accordance with which the first compressed tracing information has been compressed, in 1406, reading a second compressed tracing information from the memory, in 1408, decompressing the second compressed tracing information using a second compression parameter in accordance with which the second compressed tracing information has been compressed, the second compression parameter being different from the first
• Example 1 is a method of processing tracing information of a radio signal received via a radio channel.
• the method may include determining the tracing information based on the radio signal, determining at least one channel parameter representing a radio channel condition of the radio channel, compressing the tracing information based on the determined at least one channel parameter, and storing the compressed tracing information in a memory.
• Example 2 the subject matter of Example 1 can optionally include that the at least one channel parameter describes a correlation property of the radio channel between a plurality of tracing information portions of the tracing information.
• Example 3 the subject matter of Example 2 can optionally include that the at least one channel parameter includes a delay spread parameter.
• Example 4 the subject matter of any one of Examples 2 or 3 can optionally include that the at least one channel parameter includes a signal-to-noise-ratio parameter.
• Example 5 the subject matter of any one of Examples 2 to 4 can optionally include that the at least one channel parameter includes a Doppler spread parameter.
• Example 6 the subject matter of any one of Examples 2 to 5 can optionally include that the at least one channel parameter includes a Doppler shift parameter.
• Example 7 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 6 can optionally include that the method further includes generating compression information associated with the compressed tracing information.
• the compression information describes a compression parameter in accordance with which the compressed tracing information has been compressed.
• the method may further include storing the compressed tracing information and the associated compression information.
• Example 8 the subject matter of Example 7 can optionally include that the compression parameter indicates the compression algorithm in accordance with which the compressed tracing information has been compressed.
• Example 9 the subject matter of Example 7 can optionally include that the compression parameter indicates whether the compressed tracing information has been compressed in accordance with a Pulse Code Modulation or in accordance with Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation.
• Example 10 the subject matter of Example 9 can optionally include that the compression parameter includes, in case Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation has been used to compress the compressed tracing information, a base sample value and a value indicating number of quantization bits used to quantize an associated compressed tracing information value.
• the compression parameter includes, in case Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation has been used to compress the compressed tracing information, a base sample value and a value indicating number of quantization bits used to quantize an associated compressed tracing information value.
• Example 1 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 10 can optionally include that the method further includes receiving the radio signal, decoding the radio signal to generate a decoded radio signal, and determining the tracing information based on the decoded radio signal.
• Example 12 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 11 can optionally include that the method further includes receiving the radio signal in a mobile radio communication terminal device;
• Example 13 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 12 can optionally include that the tracing information includes physical layer tracing
• Example 14 the subject matter of Example 13 can optionally include that the physical layer tracing information includes tracing information from a physical layer message.
• Example 15 the subject matter of any one of Examples 13 or 14 can optionally include that the physical layer tracing information includes a plurality of IQ samples.
• Example 16 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 15 can optionally include that the plurality of IQ samples includes a plurality of pilot signal IQ samples.
• Example 17 the subject matter of any one of Examples 13 to 16 can optionally include that the tracing information is a frequency domain tracing information.
• Example 18 the subject matter of any one of Examples 13 to 16 can optionally include that the tracing information is a time domain tracing information.
• Example 19 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 18 can optionally include that compressing the tracing information includes quantizing the tracing information using at least one quantization parameter.
• the quantization parameter may be selected based on the determined at least one channel parameter.
• Example 20 the subject matter of Example 19 can optionally include that quantizing the tracing information includes adaptive differential pulse code modulation using one or more predefined quantization parameters.
• Example 21 the subject matter of Example 20 can optionally include that quantizing the tracing information further includes pulse code modulation using a predefined quantization parameter.
• Example 22 the subject matter of Example 21 can optionally include that quantizing the tracing information further includes selecting adaptive differential pulse code modulation or pulse code modulation based on the determined at least one channel parameter.
• Example 23 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 22 can optionally include that the method further includes performing a virtual drive test using the stored compressed tracing information.
• Example 24 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 23 can optionally include that the radio signal is a radio signal in accordance with a Third
• Example 25 the subject matter of Example 24 can optionally include that the radio signal is a radio signal in accordance with a Universal Mobile
• Example 26 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 25 can optionally include that the radio signal is a radio signal in accordance with a Long Term
• Example 27 the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 26 can optionally include that the method further includes reading the compressed tracing information from the memory, and transmitting the compressed tracing information to a trace box.
• Example 28 is a radio communication device.
• the radio communication device may include a receiver configured to receive a radio signal received via a radio channel, a determination circuit configured to determine tracing information based on the radio signal, a channel parameter determination circuit configured to determine at least one channel parameter representing a radio channel condition of the radio channel, a compressing circuit configured to compress the tracing information based on the determined at least one channel parameter, and a memory configured to store the compressed tracing information.
• Example 29 the subject matter of Example 28 can optionally include that the channel parameter determination circuit is configured to determine the at least one channel parameter describing a correlation property of the radio channel between a plurality of tracing information portions of the tracing information.
• Example 30 the subject matter of Example 29 can optionally include that the channel parameter determination circuit is configured to determine the at least one channel parameter including a delay spread parameter.
• Example 31 the subject matter of any one of Examples 29 or 30 can optionally include that the channel parameter determination circuit is configured to determine the at least one channel parameter including a signal-to-noise-ratio parameter; [00135] In Example 32, the subject matter of any one of Examples 29 to 31 can optionally include that the channel parameter determination circuit is configured to determine the at least one channel parameter including a Doppler spread parameter;
• Example 33 the subject matter of any one of Examples 29 to 32 can optionally include that the channel parameter determination circuit is configured to determine the at least one channel parameter including a Doppler shift parameter;
• Example 34 the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 33 can optionally include that the compressing circuit is further configured to generate compression information associated with the compressed tracing information.
• the compression information describes a compression parameter in accordance with which the compressed tracing information has been compressed.
• the memory is further configured to store the compressed tracing information and the associated compression information.
• Example 35 the subject matter of Example 34 can optionally include that the compression parameter indicates the compression algorithm in accordance with which the compressed tracing information has been compressed.
• Example 36 the subject matter of Example 34 can optionally include that the compression parameter indicates whether the compressed tracing information has been compressed in accordance with an Pulse Code Modulation or in accordance with Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation.
• Example 37 the subject matter of Example 36 can optionally include that the compression parameter includes, in case Adaptive Differential Pulse Code
• Modulation has been used to compress the compressed tracing information, a base sample value and a value indicating number of quantization bits used to quantize an associated compressed tracing information value.
• Example 38 the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 37 can optionally include that the radio communication device further includes a decoder configured to decode the radio signal to generate a decoded radio signal.
• the channel parameter determination circuit is configured to determine the tracing information based on the decoded radio signal.
• Example 39 the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 38 can optionally include that the radio communication device is configured as a mobile radio communication terminal device.
• Example 40 the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 39 can optionally include that the determination circuit is configured to determine the tracing information as physical layer tracing information.
• Example 41 the subject matter of Example 40 can optionally include that the determination circuit is configured to determine the physical layer tracing information including tracing information from a physical layer message.
• Example 42 the subject matter of any one of Examples 40 or 41 can optionally include that the determination circuit is configured to determine the physical layer tracing information including a plurality of IQ samples.
• Example 43 the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 42 can optionally include that the determination circuit is configured to determine the physical layer tracing information including a plurality of pilot signal IQ samples.
• Example 44 the subject matter of any one of Examples 40 to 43 can optionally include that the determination circuit is configured to determine the physical layer tracing information as a frequency domain tracing information.
• Example 45 the subject matter of any one of Examples 40 to 43 can optionally include that the determination circuit is configured to determine the physical layer tracing information as a time domain tracing information.
• Example 46 the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 45 can optionally include that the compressing circuit includes a quantizer configured to quantize the tracing information using at least one quantization parameter and to select the quantization parameter based on the determined at least one channel parameter.
• the compressing circuit includes a quantizer configured to quantize the tracing information using at least one quantization parameter and to select the quantization parameter based on the determined at least one channel parameter.
• Example 47 the subject matter of Example 46 can optionally include that the quantizer includes an adaptive differential pulse code modulation circuit configured to perform an adaptive differential pulse code modulation using one or more predefined quantization parameters.
• the quantizer includes an adaptive differential pulse code modulation circuit configured to perform an adaptive differential pulse code modulation using one or more predefined quantization parameters.
• Example 48 the subject matter of Example 47 can optionally include that the quantizer includes a pulse code modulation circuit configured to perform a pulse code modulation using a predefined quantization parameter.
• the quantizer includes a pulse code modulation circuit configured to perform a pulse code modulation using a predefined quantization parameter.
• Example 49 the subject matter of Example 48 can optionally include that the quantizer further includes a selector configured to select the adaptive differential pulse code modulation circuit or the pulse code modulation circuit based on the determined at least one channel parameter to perform the pulse code modulation.
• the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 49 can optionally include that the receiver is configured to receive the radio signal in accordance with a Third Generation Partnership Project radio communication technology.
• Example 51 the subject matter of Example 50 can optionally include that the receiver is configured to receive the radio signal in accordance with a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System radio communication technology.
• Example 52 the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 49 can optionally include that the receiver is configured to receive the radio signal in accordance with a Long Term Evolution radio communication technology.
• Example 53 the subject matter of any one of Examples 28 to 52 can optionally include that the radio communication device further includes an interface configured to transmit the compressed tracing information to a trace box.
• Example 54 is a radio communication system.
• the radio communication system may include a radio communication device.
• the radio communication device may include a receiver configured to receive a radio signal received via a radio channel, a determination circuit configured to determine tracing information based on the radio signal, a channel parameter determination circuit configured to determine at least one channel parameter representing a radio channel condition of the radio channel, a compressing circuit configured to compress the tracing information based on the determined at least one channel parameter, and a memory configured to store the compressed tracing information.
• the radio communication system may further include a trace box coupled with the radio communication device and configured to receive and store the compressed tracing information from the radio communication device.
• Example 55 the subject matter of Example 54 can optionally include that the radio communication system further includes a test equipment coupled with the trace box and configured to receive the compressed tracing information from the trace box and further configured to perform a test using the compressed tracing information.
• the radio communication system further includes a test equipment coupled with the trace box and configured to receive the compressed tracing information from the trace box and further configured to perform a test using the compressed tracing information.
• Example 56 the subject matter of Example 55 can optionally include that the test equipment is configured to perform a virtual drive test using the compressed tracing information.
• Example 57 the subject matter of Example 56 can optionally include that the test equipment is configured to interpolate a fading channel profile using the compressed tracing information.
• Example 58 the subject matter of Example 57 can optionally include that the test equipment includes a Wiener filter configured to interpolate a fading channel profile using the compressed tracing information.
• Example 59 the subject matter of any one of Examples 55 to 58 can optionally include that the test equipment is configured to determine a data throughput based on the compressed tracing information.
• Example 60 the subject matter of any one of Examples 55 to 59 can optionally include that the test equipment is configured to determine at least one quality parameter describing the quality of the received signal based on the compressed tracing information.
• Example 61 is a method of processing compressed tracing information stored in a memory.
• the method may include reading a first compressed tracing information from the memory, decompressing the first compressed tracing information using a first compression parameter in accordance with which the first compressed tracing information has been compressed, reading a second compressed tracing information from the memory, decompressing the second compressed tracing information using a second compression parameter in accordance with which the second compressed tracing information has been compressed, wherein the second compression parameter is different from the first compression parameter, and performing a tracing process using the first decompressed tracing information and the second decompressed tracing information.
• Example 62 the subject matter of Example 61 can optionally include that the compression parameters indicate the compression algorithm in accordance with which the respective compressed tracing information has been compressed.
• Example 63 the subject matter of any one of Examples 61 or 62 can optionally include that the compression parameters indicate whether the respective compressed tracing information has been compressed in accordance with an Pulse Code Modulation or in accordance with Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation.
• Example 64 the subject matter of Example 63 can optionally include that the compression parameter includes, in case Adaptive Differential Pulse Code
• Modulation has been used to compress the compressed tracing information, a base sample value and a value indicating number of quantization bits used to quantize an associated compressed tracing information value.
• Example 65 the subject matter of any one of Examples 61 to 64 can optionally include that the method is performed in a mobile radio communication terminal device; [00169] In Example 66, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61 to 65 can optionally include that the tracing information includes physical layer tracing
• Example 67 the subject matter of Example 66 can optionally include that the physical layer tracing information includes tracing information from a physical layer message.
• Example 68 the subject matter of any one of Examples 66 or 67 can optionally include that the physical layer tracing information includes a plurality of IQ samples.
• Example 69 the subject matter of Example 68 can optionally include that the plurality of IQ samples includes a plurality of pilot signal IQ samples.
• Example 70 the subject matter of any one of Examples 66 to 69 can optionally include that the tracing information is a frequency domain tracing information.
• Example 71 the subject matter of any one of Examples 66 to 69 can optionally include that the tracing information is a time domain tracing information.
• Example 72 the subject matter of any one of Examples 61 to 71 can optionally include that the decompressing the tracing information includes dequantizing the tracing information using at least one quantization parameter.
• the quantization parameter is selected based on the determined at least one channel parameter.
• Example 73 the subject matter of Example 72 can optionally include that the dequantizing the tracing information includes adaptive differential pulse code modulation using one or more predefined quantization parameters. [00177] In Example 74, the subject matter of Example 73 can optionally include that the dequantizing the tracing information further includes pulse code modulation using a predefined quantization parameter.
• Example 75 the subject matter of any one of Examples 61 to 74 can optionally include that the method further includes performing a virtual drive test using the decompressed tracing information.
• Example 76 the subject matter of any one of Examples 61 to 75 can optionally include that the compressed tracing information is related to a Third
• Example 77 the subject matter of Example 76 can optionally include that the compressed tracing information is related to a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System radio communication technology.
• Example 78 the subject matter of any one of Examples 61 to 75 can optionally include that the compressed tracing information is related to a Long Term Evolution radio communication technology.
• Example 79 is a device of processing compressed tracing information.
• the device may include a memory configured to store the compressed tracing information, a reading circuit configured to read a first compressed tracing information from the memory, and a decompressor configured to decompress the first compressed tracing information using a first compression parameter in accordance with which the first compressed tracing information has been compressed.
• the reading circuit is further configured to read a second compressed tracing information from the memory.
• the decompressor is further configured to decompress the second compressed tracing information using a second compression parameter in accordance with which the second compressed tracing information has been compressed, wherein the second compression parameter is different from the first compression parameter.
• the device may further include a tracing circuit configured to performing a tracing process using the first decompressed tracing information and the second decompressed tracing information.
• Example 80 the subject matter of Example 79 can optionally include that the compression parameters indicate the compression algorithm in accordance with which the respective compressed tracing information has been compressed.
• Example 81 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 or 80 can optionally include that the compression parameters indicate whether the respective compressed tracing information has been compressed in accordance with an Pulse Code Modulation or in accordance with Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation.
• Example 82 the subject matter of Example 81 can optionally include that the compression parameter includes, in case Adaptive Differential Pulse Code
• Modulation has been used to compress the compressed tracing information, a base sample value and a value indicating number of quantization bits used to quantize an associated compressed tracing information value.
• Example 83 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 to 82 can optionally include that the device is configured as a mobile radio communication terminal device.
• Example 84 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 to 83 can optionally include that the tracing information includes physical layer tracing
• Example 85 the subject matter of Example 84 can optionally include that the physical layer tracing information includes tracing information from a physical layer message.
• Example 86 the subject matter of any one of Examples 84 or 85 can optionally include that the physical layer tracing information includes a plurality of IQ samples.
• Example 87 the subject matter of Example 86 can optionally include that the plurality of IQ samples includes a plurality of pilot signal IQ samples.
• Example 88 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 to 87 can optionally include that the tracing information is a frequency domain tracing information.
• Example 89 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 to 87 can optionally include that the tracing information is a time domain tracing information.
• Example 90 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 to 89 can optionally include that the decompressor includes a dequantizer configured to dequantize the tracing information using at least one quantization parameter.
• the quantization parameter is selected based on the determined at least one channel parameter.
• Example 91 the subject matter of Example 90 can optionally include that the decompressor includes an adaptive differential pulse code modulation circuit.
• Example 92 the subject matter of Example 91 can optionally include that the decompressor further includes a pulse code modulation circuit using a predefined quantization parameter.
• Example 93 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 to 92 can optionally include that the device further includes a virtual drive test circuit using the decompressed tracing information.
• Example 94 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 to 93 can optionally include that the compressed tracing information is related to a Third
• Example 95 the subject matter of Example 94 can optionally include that the compressed tracing information is related to a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System radio communication technology.
• Example 96 the subject matter of any one of Examples 79 to 93 can optionally include that the compressed tracing information is related to a Long Term Evolution radio communication technology.
• Example 97 is a computer readable medium including instruction which when executed by a processor, includes a method of processing tracing information of a radio signal received via a radio channel.
• the method may include determining the tracing information based on the radio signal, determining at least one channel parameter representing a radio channel condition of the radio channel, compressing the tracing information based on the determined at least one channel parameter, and storing the compressed tracing information in a memory.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=59751722

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (1)

Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 2016
  • 2016-03-17 DE DE102016104978.6A patent/DE102016104978B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2017
  • 2017-02-10 WO PCT/US2017/017291 patent/WO2017160429A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (5)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events