WO2017153792A1 - Process for producing alternative soil and thereby optimising of producing biogas - Google Patents
Process for producing alternative soil and thereby optimising of producing biogas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017153792A1 WO2017153792A1 PCT/HU2017/000017 HU2017000017W WO2017153792A1 WO 2017153792 A1 WO2017153792 A1 WO 2017153792A1 HU 2017000017 W HU2017000017 W HU 2017000017W WO 2017153792 A1 WO2017153792 A1 WO 2017153792A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- biogas
- waste
- intervention
- feedstock
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 11
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010822 slaughterhouse waste Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000191043 Rhodobacter sphaeroides Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000057717 Streptococcus lactis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014897 Streptococcus lactis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010951 particle size reduction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000907556 Mucor hiemalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000186428 Propionibacterium freudenreichii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 and/or alginite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004181 pedogenesis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013048 microbiological method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 35
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 11
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004177 carbon cycle Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMJBYMUCKBYSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxycitric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ZMJBYMUCKBYSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940089491 hydroxycitric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009332 manuring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001134770 Bifidobacterium animalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001608472 Bifidobacterium longum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000186679 Lactobacillus buchneri Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000199885 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013960 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000199866 Lactobacillus casei Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013958 Lactobacillus casei Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010001267 Protein Subunits Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000190950 Rhodopseudomonas palustris Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000184 acid digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940118852 bifidobacterium animalis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940009291 bifidobacterium longum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940004208 lactobacillus bulgaricus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940017800 lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for production of so-called alternative soil" which also optimises the biogas process. It allows for producing biogas in a novel way whereby waste residue is used and transformed into an alternative form of substrate or soil.
- Biogas is a gaseous, normally combustible product composed of, apart from ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, mainly methane resulting from the digestion (biodegradation, putrefaction, fermentation) at mesophilic temperatures (30-40°C) by anaerobic organisms of organic wastes including carbohydrate, cellulose, proteins and fats.
- the heating value of biogas consisting of about 60% methane that may be obtained from agricultural, industrial and municipal waste is 24-29 MJ/m3.
- the composition and heating value of biogas largely depend on the organic substrate and technology used.
- the generally accepted average heating value of biogas is 22.0 MJ/m3.
- Table 1 describes the typical composition of biogases.
- methanogenic phase methane gas approximately 60-70%, carbon dioxide (30-40%) and, depending on the specific substrate, to various elements (H, N, S, etc.).
- FIG. 1 depicts an ancient biogas plant in use in Nepal.
- biogas has long been utilised there as heating fuel.
- the bezel seen on the right of the picture is the so-called mixing vessel where manure is mixed with other organic waste largely manually with a wooden spoon.
- a pipe leads from the vessel to the fermentation tank with the tube end remaining below the level of liquid to keep the gas from escaping.
- the fermentation tank is closed by a dome, as seen in the middle of the picture, with a discharge pipe on top.
- the digested manure is led also below the level of the fermentation tank to the front vessel and, after taking it out with a wooden plate, serves as fertiliser in the fields.
- the resulting gas is supplied through pipeline to the residential houses for cooking and heating.
- FIG. 2 depicts the technical and technological process of the traditional Nepalese process.
- Source Nepal Biogas Plant - Construction Manual for GGC 2047 Model Biogas Plant
- the feedstocks are collected in a large container to ensure continuous supply to the reactor (fermentation chamber).
- Organic substrates raising hygiene concerns food waste, slaughterhouse waste
- the reactor is a liquid and gas insulating container with a mixer to prevent sedimentation. Digestion time frame involving anaerobic bacteria and evolution of gas is temperature-dependent: 15-25 days at 30-40 °C or shorter at 50-60 °C.
- Patent Number WO/201 1/156767 discloses a process and equipment restoring by a material marked BioCat+3 TM the fibrous materials and nutrients degraded during anaerobic digestion.
- the advantages this process possesses are high yield of gas and ammonia decontamination. It is limited by its need for fresh drinking water. Compared to our process, it has another disadvantage, i.e. it creates no product.
- Patent Number US 201 1239655 (Al) (Carin Christianne, 06/10/2011) discloses a process and equipment for the production of fertiliser from sewage sludge and manure. The process of the present patent application does not use this equipment which serves as idea only for the granulation, pelletisation or other forms for the pre-treatment of the dried end products.
- the utility model protection file of registration number HU U 4188 presents layout for increased efficiency biogas development. Hydrodynamic comminuting and ultrasound destructing, and also coarse and fine comminuting units, are described in the layout. The process in the present application also uses ultrasound destructor but in the 21-40 KHz frequency range, unlike description under patent number HU U 4188. In case of the present invention, ultrasound as electromagnetic radiation micro initiator plays the role in the resolution of covalent bonds.
- Patent Number WO/2015/101941 discloses a method and system for processing biomass whereby lignin, cellulose can be obtained from reaction catalysed by alkaline pH, iron-based nanoparticles.
- Gemma-1 is a known branded microbiological product (Patent Number OTH 5175- 2/2010) developed by Linex Plus Kft and made by its contract manufacturing partner. According to the data sheet, the characteristics and composition of Gemma-1 that is used in the process and is commercially available are as follows: Gemma- 1 serves the treatment of grease traps, composts, sludge fields, liquid manure, organic fertilizers, such as poultry and cattle manure, and the treatment of sewage sludge, biomass, reclamation waste by aerator ponds and water containers.
- composition is combined with activated dilute water solution of multi-strain aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi.
- Soil bacteria plate count min. 1.29* 10 7 cell / ml
- the purposes of the process of the present invention are higher yield and optimisation of biogas production, the energetic optimisation of biogas production following the proper treatment of communal and agricultural waste, e.g. ultrasound disruption, humidification, optimisation of particle size, and thereby improved quality of biogas through the microbiological reduction of possible dioxin contamination and other pollutants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide content.
- Another aim to be achieved by this invention is the production of a humus-like material from sewage and other communal and agricultural waste and transforming it into alternative soil.
- the invention is based on the recognition that a cognitive disorder producing" biogas system is a living organism whose needs for living space, environment, waste feedstock, water, right temperature, pressure, etc. must be ensured.
- the invention is based on six points of intervention in the technology of the previously outlined biogas digester to increase efficiency, i.e. optimise the biogas process.
- the composition and heating value of biogas largely depend on the original waste feedstock or organic substrate and technology.
- the aims of this invention are as follows:
- Alternative soil can be produces by building such a production unit next to the sewage plant, i.e. after the dewatered sludge technological line.
- the material balance is expected to become positive within 4-5 years for the equivalent of 100,000 inhabitants. Besides this, steady income may be achieved from the sale of product.
- Several solutions are available for the drying of dewatered sludge. Drying may be carried out in any drying plant, either drum dryers, but the optimum is offered by so-called conveyor sludge dryer where drying shall last 10 minutes at 130 °C. The next is the microbiological treatment unit followed by the product manufacturing plant.
- the present invention is also based on the recognition that, by using the Gemma- 1 microorganism composite, significantly higher yields of biogas may be achieved.
- the invention is therefore appropriate for forming alternative soil and optimising biogas production: it is an alternative process for biogas production and usage and, by transforming the residue, alternative substrate or soil may be made. It is characterised by the following six points of intervention in the known biogas process technology in order to increase efficiency and optimise biogas technology: - Intervention 1 : Selection and grouping of waste feedstock to produce equal amounts of biogas, considering the need of moisture for chemical digestion. Humidification is possible by sewage sludge or liquid manure.
- Intervention 2 Treatment of the waste feedstock with microbiological or physical method, considering the fact that the more waste feedstock is digested, the faster gas is produced.
- First intervention The waste substrates are selected and determined for the composition and heating value of biogas largely depend on the original feedstock or organic substrates and technology.
- the first step of methane formation is acidification which requires also moisture.
- Wet waste feedstock also moisturises solid phase waste feedstock.
- Second intervention The waste substrates are treated because the methane yield of biogas production depends on the waste feedstock or their treatment.
- the waste feedstock is treated by our Gemma- 1 or similar microbiological system.
- the proposed ratio is 1 :250, 1 :500, 1 : 1000, depending on the applied waste feedstock and heat.
- the proposed temperature frame is 30-70 °C to facilitate the processing of waste feedstock.
- the time frame depends on the volume and quality of organic materials.
- the prepared waste feedstock are moisturised with sewage sludge, pig liquid manure or any other wet process and are mixed at a ratio of 1 : 1 to 1 : 1000 v/v% with our own Gemma- 1 specifically developed for this purpose or other similar microbiological product.
- Waste feedstocks Treatment of waste feedstock by alternative process during which, besides agricultural waste, slaughterhouse waste is also used for biogas production.
- the waste feedstocks are proposed to be comminuted, thereby optimising particle size to digest waste feedstock by audio frequency resonator at 20-40 kHz or other comminuting or colloid chemical process to be followed by microbiological treatment as described in the previous point.
- Optimisation of gas production is achieved by waste heat and the manure and bio-waste used or by particle size reduction (as described in the previous paragraph) or by the already optimised waste feedstock which is fed into the reactor.
- Microbiological anaerobic digestion may be carried out here and about 40% of the resulting waste heat may be used for drying which is needed to produce the product.
- the digestion time frame of the prepared waste feedstock depending on the temperature of fermentation, may be reduced significantly from an average 45-50 days. Even 5-10 days fermentation time reduction results in significant decrease of energy costs.
- Fifth intervention The produced gas is first cleaned, with inappropriate gas being burned on the flare.
- the dioxin and/or hydrogen sulfide contamination of the produced gas is higher than prescribed, it is bubbled through bacterial gas washer.
- the proposed bacteria is our Gemma- 1 or similar microbiological product.
- Much of the gas will be used by gas-fired thermal power plants which typically generates electricity by gas motor or gas turbine through CHP, while residue heat is returned in the form of technological heat to the biogas digester or led by power line to houses.
- residue or waste heat may also be the drying of dewatered sewage sludge residue.
- the mixture includes an aqueous suspension of min. 1.0 w/v% of microorganism mixture includes actinomycetes of min. 1.20x10 CFU/ml with min. 9,7x10 pcs/ml, microfungus of min. 3,51x10 pcs/ml, together with molasses of 3 w/v % and a dried lignite-like material / biogas dried digestion residue of 4 w/v %.
- 1.5 w/v % clay, 1.2 w/v % humic acid, 5.0 w/v % potassium oxide, 0.5 w/v % calcium, 0.05 w/v % magnesium, 0.10w/v % iron, 0.01 w/v % manganese and 0.005 w/v % zinc are applied.
- the volume of unfilled mixture is water, with the mixture having a pH of between 3.2 and 3.9 as measured in 10% aqueous suspension and its organic substrate content digested with lactic acid fermentation using anaerobic technology.
- Product 1 , Product 2, Product 3, etc, may be made in the process and the resulting composition can be applied with
- - solid particles formed from the combustion of plant materials, and/or alginite, and/or zeolite, and/or bentonite, and/or turf, and/or communal sewage sludge, and/or green biomass, and/or green compost, and/or any proportion of any of the above and used for the rehabilitation of surface waters and production of so-called alternative soil" to complement soil nutrients.
- FIG. 1 shows picture of an ancient biogas power plant which has long been used e.g. in
- FIG. 2 shows the technical-technological process of the traditional ancient Nepalese method. (Source: Nepal Biogas Plant - Construction Manual Construction Manual for GGC 2047 Model Biogas Plant)
- FIG. 3 shows a well-known generally applied biogas production system.
- FIG. 3 The numbers and sign on FIG. 3: 8 - Bio waste, 9 - Preparatory tank, 10 - Hygienic tanks, 1 1 - Steam, 12 - Liquid manure, 13 - Mixing tank, 14 - Bioreactors, 15 - Torch, 16 - Gas container, 17 - Technological steam, 18 - Thermal power plant, 19 - Teleheating, 20 - Manure tanks, 21 - Manure.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a known complex metthod of biogas production and use.
- FIG. 5 shows the natural carbon cycle
- FIG. 6 shows the typical composition several kinds of biogas.
- FIG. 7 shows the biogas content of different organic substrates.
- Intervention 1 Selection and grouping of waste feedstock for creating equal amounts of biogas formation, considering the need of moisture for chemical decomposition. Humidification is possible by sewage sludge or liquid manure.
- Intervention 2 Treatment of the waste feedstock with microbiological and/or physical and/or chemical process.
- the composition and heating value of biogas largely depends on the original waste feedstock and organic substrate and technology.
- the average heating value of biogas is 22.0 MJ/m3.
- the energy content of biogas that may be produced by several animals' daily manure equals 0.8 kg of heating oil. In practice, energy equalling heating oil of minimum 0.2 kg to maximum 1.0 kg can be produced.
- a cow produces about 10 and a sow 1.2 tons of manure annually, from which biogas of 160 and 320 Nm 3 , respectively, can be made.
- Table 2. shows the biogas content of different organic substrates.
- the composition of waste feedstock can be modified in a way and proportion that the yield of gas remains always almost the same. Wettability must be kept in mind.
- the feedstock may also be the organic substrates of landfill sites, depositories. Plastic, stone, metal, etc. are not appropriate.
- the methane yield of biogas production depends on the waste feedstock or their preparation.
- the most important element of the formerly mentioned biogas digester is that the waste feedstock is treated by our registered Gemma- 1 or a similar microbiological system.
- Gemma- 1 the enzymes and hormones produced by bacteria and microorganisms act as catalysts of methane formation.
- the proposed ratios are 1 :250, 1 :500 and 1 : 1000, depending on the applied waste feedstock and heat.
- the proposed temperature frame is 30-70 °C. This, pre-fermentor is to facilitate the decomposition of waste feedstock during preparation.
- the fermentation time frame of biogas production is significantly less than the current 50-60 days. Inour knowlege it may be reduced by minimum 5-10 days.
- the time frame depends on the volume and quality of the organic substrate used.
- waste feedstock Preparation of waste feedstock by alternative process
- slaughterhouse waste is also used for biogas production.
- the waste feedstock are proposed to be comminuted, thereby optimising particle size to decompose the waste feedstock. This may be done by audio frequency resonator at 20-40 kHz or other comminuting or colloid chemical method. This may be followed by microbiological treatment as described in the previous point.
- the temperature of the reactor may be regulated with heat exchanger.
- the organic substrate containers and reactor are mostly made of concrete and, in order to keep the temperature constant, are embedded in the ground.
- the novelty here is that about 40% of the created waste heat is used for the drying of product made by microbiological method.
- the produced biogas can be stored in gas tank.
- FIG. 4. shows the generally known complex method of biogas production and usage.
- the sixth intervention is the production of alternative soil" from the fermented residue or ferment.
- - digested manure can be used ni the farm or the farmer is willling to involve in the production of microbiological product or its outsourcing of same, - or performs microbiological treatment of the digested manure, thereby producing products.
- Much of the electricity and heat is used on site (e.g. pig and poultry farming, gardening), or for microbiological treatment (drying of sewage sludge or digested residue)
- Another target group is larger biogas plants, so-called energy farms, where liquid manure and other agricultural and organic waste are collected from several farms which then jointly operate their biogas plant, use the heat and electricity, and distribute the microbiologically treated manure among themselves.
- Another practical application and target area is to improve the energy efficiency of existing but inefficiently operating biogas plants.
- the annual maintenance cost of a sewage plant for 100,000 inhabitants is estimated at approximately HUFIOO million. As opposed to this cost, we may produce a profit of HUF 90-134 million from the sale of products (to be detailed later) deriving from sewage sludge and the reduction of operating costs, road load, carbon dioxide emission etc.
- Biogas yield may be increased by:
- waste heat usage e.g. drying of dewatered sewage sludge or digested residue
- the applied microorganism composite is the previously determined multi-strain Gemma-1, but it other similar microbiological process may also be used.
- An important application aspect of this invention is that hundreds of million people are suffering from hunger in the world when it could be avoided by creating fertile soil and agriculture based on environmental protection globally.
- One of the uses the present patent procedure may be to optimise the operation of all the local biogas plants.
- a further possibility could be to add methane gas cleaned by this invention to CNG, thereby improving low quality natural gas or perhaps bottling it.
- a third area may be the utilisation of waste of full landfill sites and depositores for biogas production.
- Product 3 Cleaned water of technological quality which is appropriate for irrigation or industrial usage.
- the dried material made by the process according to the invention is characterised by high carbon content. Its heating value is the equivalent of medium brown coal's (15-17 MJ/kg, or minimum 3,500 kcal/kg). This is very important in carbon cycle.
- the natural carbon cycle is upset by human civilisation.
- the use of fossil energy has led to carbon, specifically C02 (carbondioxide), emissions to the atmosphere and, even worse, the CH4 or methane content of the atmosphere has also grown.
- Even bigger problem is that, due to the burning of fossil energy, the proportion of the lighter carbon and oxygen isotopes has grown in the atmosphere. If entering the stratosphere, they may damage the continuance of the boundary layer. This may be verified by NMR spectroscope.
- the present patent application does not deal with the agricultural purpose qualification of products made by the process according to the invention. As due to its composition, the microorganism used in the process has in itself crop yield enhancement and substance imrprovement features, it also satisfies this criterion.
- a beneficial feature of the dried and microbiologically stabilised material is its over 27% humus content (meaning high buffer capacity) which plays an important role in improving the composition of soil and achieving an ideal pH.
- the latter deficiency may however be replaced by the subsequent microbiological, 80- strain bacterial treatment of alternative soil, the nitrogen fixation from air or perhaps by some nitrogen fertiliser.
- alternative soil may easily be stored, treated and fertilised by spreader.
- the gas product from digested sewage sludge is liquid manure gas, similar to biogas.
- Biogas production equipment are biogas generators and gas wells established on organic waste depositories. After removal of water (condensation) and gas cleaning (removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide), it may be used as energy, e.g. for heating.
- Biogas from liquid pig manure has a heating value of about 23,000 kJ/m3. It occurs spontaneously, may even ignite fire in marshes, moors ("will-o ' -the-wisps"), manure stacks, landfills.
- Feedstock may be communal waste, agricultural or forest side products, lm 3 communal waste may generate 60-300 m 3 biogas.
- the digested manure or residue may then be treated as described to convert it into easy to use, odourless material of full value for manuring of gardens and parks.
- Biogas may serve as an essential basis for future energy sources and can play highly important role in environmental protection and organic agriculture (e.g. organic manure recycling). (Source: Lexikon of Environmental Protection).
- Residue or waste heat generated in biogas production are uses in the production of products and drying. Utilisation of about 40% is regarded the most appropriate.
- biogas yield from feedstocks by said pre-treatment may increase significantly, with growth of 6-9% is regarded as significant result.
- the "brown liquid" created by first and second generation biogas processes qualify as harmless material. Later on it can become a product for use in agriculture.
- the process according to the invention in case the digested residue is utilised, produces soil or alternative soil which is maintained by Gemma- 1 and/or other microorganisms made by lactic acid fermentation.
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Abstract
A process is provided to produce alternative'substrate or soil by converting waste materials and for biogas production. The biogas yield is optimised. Communal and agricultural waste is pretreated by ultrasound digestion or wetting, or particle size optimisation, or microbiological treatment, etc. The proposed solution is characterised by six interventions in the known biogas production technology to increase efficiency and optimise the biogas process as follows: • - The first intervention is the selection and grouping of the raw materials to ensure the formation of identical volumes of biogas and wettability. • - The second intervention is the treatment of waste feedstock with microbiological and/or physical methods. • - The third intervention is the preparation of waste feedstock. • - The fourth intervention is the optimisation of biogas production by utilising waste heat. • - The fifth intervention is gas cleaning, the reduction of gas dioxin and hydrogen sulfide contamination and, at the same time, the microbiological production of product(s), moreover, the burning of inadequate gas on the flare. • - The sixth intervention is the microbiological production of new product(s).
Description
Method for producing alternative soil and thereby optimizing of producing biogas
This invention relates to a process for production of so-called alternative soil" which also optimises the biogas process. It allows for producing biogas in a novel way whereby waste residue is used and transformed into an alternative form of substrate or soil.
Background Of The Invention
A major concern facing mankind is the treatment, disposition and utilisation of an ever- increasing volume of wastewater due to growing urbanisation. The conception called „Alternative Soil Production", having won a grant in the ideas competition at the Climate-KIC SME Voucher Programme (Budapest, December 2012), provides a solution to producing humus-like, alternative soil from sewage waste. Its core concept pertains to the present intellectual product.
Theoretical overview
Biogas is a gaseous, normally combustible product composed of, apart from ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, mainly methane resulting from the digestion (biodegradation, putrefaction, fermentation) at mesophilic temperatures (30-40°C) by anaerobic organisms of organic wastes including carbohydrate, cellulose, proteins and fats.
The heating value of biogas consisting of about 60% methane that may be obtained from agricultural, industrial and municipal waste is 24-29 MJ/m3.
The composition and heating value of biogas largely depend on the organic substrate and technology used. The generally accepted average heating value of biogas is 22.0 MJ/m3. Table 1 describes the typical composition of biogases.
Through the formation of biogas, organic compounds are digested into more simple compounds (acidic phase), then decompose down into their sub-units, i.e. methanogenic phase methane gas (approximately 60-70%), carbon dioxide (30-40%) and, depending on the specific substrate, to various elements (H, N, S, etc.).
In the history of mankind animal wastes were always treated and used for heating or manuring.
FIG. 1 depicts an ancient biogas plant in use in Nepal.
With fairly limited other options, biogas has long been utilised there as heating fuel. The bezel seen on the right of the picture is the so-called mixing vessel where manure is mixed with other organic waste largely manually with a wooden spoon. A pipe leads from the vessel to the fermentation tank with the tube end remaining below the level of liquid to keep the gas from escaping.
The fermentation tank is closed by a dome, as seen in the middle of the picture, with a discharge pipe on top. The digested manure is led also below the level of the fermentation tank to the front vessel and, after taking it out with a wooden plate, serves as fertiliser in the fields. The resulting gas is supplied through pipeline to the residential houses for cooking and heating.
FIG. 2 depicts the technical and technological process of the traditional Nepalese process. (Source: Nepal Biogas Plant - Construction Manual for GGC 2047 Model Biogas Plant)
In case of a known solution, also seen on FIG. 3, in the biogas production system the feedstocks are collected in a large container to ensure continuous supply to the reactor (fermentation chamber). Organic substrates raising hygiene concerns (food waste, slaughterhouse waste) are first treated in containers at 70 °C. The reactor is a liquid and gas insulating container with a mixer to prevent sedimentation. Digestion time frame involving anaerobic bacteria and evolution of gas is temperature-dependent: 15-25 days at 30-40 °C or shorter at 50-60 °C.
Description Of Prior Art
Patent Number WO/201 1/156767 (Edelstern, MPitchforth, E. Astres) discloses a process and equipment restoring by a material marked BioCat+3 ™ the fibrous materials and nutrients degraded during anaerobic digestion. The advantages this process possesses are high yield of gas and ammonia decontamination. It is limited by its need for fresh drinking water. Compared to our process, it has another disadvantage, i.e. it creates no product.
Patent Number US 201 1239655 (Al) (Carin Christianne, 06/10/2011) discloses a process and equipment for the production of fertiliser from sewage sludge and manure. The process of the present patent application does not use this equipment which serves as idea only for the granulation, pelletisation or other forms for the pre-treatment of the dried end products.
The utility model protection file of registration number HU U 4188 (file number U 12 00217, 21/08/201 1) presents layout for increased efficiency biogas development. Hydrodynamic comminuting and ultrasound destructing, and also coarse and fine comminuting units, are described in the layout. The process in the present application also uses ultrasound destructor but in the 21-40 KHz frequency range, unlike description under patent number HU U 4188. In case of the present invention, ultrasound as electromagnetic radiation micro initiator plays the role in the resolution of covalent bonds.
Patent Number WO/2015/101941 discloses a method and system for processing biomass whereby lignin, cellulose can be obtained from reaction catalysed by alkaline pH, iron-based nanoparticles.
The article published in ISSN 1996 0786 © 2012 (author: W. Mwegoha, source: African Journal of Enviromental Science and Technology Vol 6/8, Pp 293-299, August, 2012) teaches a method serving the anaerobic composting of chrysanthemum waste with and without EM (Effective Microorganism). It is characterised by high methane gas yield, shortened methane gas evolution time frame, i.e. reduced digestion period. C02 (carbon dioxide) sequestration may take place by chemical process, KOH (potassium hydroxide). This is one of the chemical methods applied in the solution of the present invention. In case of the solution in the present application, other than the already mentioned chemical methods are also used for fat burning, e.g. HCA (hydroxy citric acid).
Another known technology is the reduction of dioxin contamination by EM. Such solution is offered e.g. in the articles„Suppression of Dioxin Generation in the Garbage Incinerator, Using EM (Effective Micro-rganisms), EM-Z, and EM-Z Ceramics Powder" (Masato Miyajima, Narihira Nagano, and Teruo Higa, source:
:http://www.infrc.or.ip/english/KNF Data Base Web/PDF%20KNF%20Conf%20Data ZC6-7-246.pdf) and„A three-stage system to remove mercury and dioxins in flue gases", source:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7809736 A three- stage system to remove mercury and dioxins in flue gases
Gemma-1 is a known branded microbiological product (Patent Number OTH 5175- 2/2010) developed by Linex Plus Kft and made by its contract manufacturing partner. According to the data sheet, the characteristics and composition of Gemma-1 that is used in the process and is commercially available are as follows:
Gemma- 1 serves the treatment of grease traps, composts, sludge fields, liquid manure, organic fertilizers, such as poultry and cattle manure, and the treatment of sewage sludge, biomass, reclamation waste by aerator ponds and water containers.
The composition of Gemma- 1 :
- Bacillus sublitis var notlo
- Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis
- Bifidobacterium bifidum
- Bifidobacterium longum
- Lactobacillus acidophilus
- Lactobacillus buchneri
- Lactobacillus bulgaricus
- Lactobacillus casei
- Lactobacillus plantarum
- Lactocccus diacetylactis
- Lactococcus lactis
- Rhodopseudomonas palustris
- Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Streptococcus thermophilus
The composition is combined with activated dilute water solution of multi-strain aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi.
The physical and chemical characteristics of Gemma- 1 :
Form: liquid dilute water suspension
Colour: russet
Smell: mild
pH: 4-7
Soil bacteria plate count: min. 1.29* 107 cell / ml
As a general characteristic, the known solutions may all be applied to partial tasks but are not widely applicable for complex utilisation of waste.
The purposes of the process of the present invention are higher yield and optimisation of biogas production, the energetic optimisation of biogas production following the proper treatment of communal and agricultural waste, e.g. ultrasound disruption, humidification, optimisation of particle size, and thereby improved quality of biogas through the microbiological reduction of possible dioxin contamination and other pollutants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide content.
Another aim to be achieved by this invention is the production of a humus-like material from sewage and other communal and agricultural waste and transforming it into alternative soil.
The aspects of biogas production
The following aspects have been considered when determining the objectives of our patent.
Mankind of the 21st century faces two options. One way is to follow the current point of view: continue producing„garbage" and using up all the fossil energy. Or, alternatively, as proposed here, clean the world from sewage and other organic waste, transform and recycle them into organic substrate to create a healthier and cleaner environment. We have chosen the latter route in order for our grandchildren to enjoy this Eden... Our Earth.
The invention is based on the recognition that a„methane producing" biogas system is a living organism whose needs for living space, environment, waste feedstock, water, right temperature, pressure, etc. must be ensured.
The invention is based on six points of intervention in the technology of the previously outlined biogas digester to increase efficiency, i.e. optimise the biogas process. The composition and heating value of biogas largely depend on the original waste feedstock or organic substrate and technology.
The aims of this invention are as follows:
Alternative soil can be produces by building such a production unit next to the sewage plant, i.e. after the dewatered sludge technological line. The material balance is expected to become positive within 4-5 years for the equivalent of 100,000 inhabitants. Besides this, steady income may be achieved from the sale of product. Several solutions are available for the drying of dewatered sludge. Drying may be carried out in any drying plant, either drum dryers, but the optimum is offered by so-called conveyor sludge dryer where drying shall last 10 minutes at 130 °C. The next is the microbiological treatment unit followed by the product manufacturing plant.
The present invention is also based on the recognition that, by using the Gemma- 1 microorganism composite, significantly higher yields of biogas may be achieved.
The invention is therefore appropriate for forming alternative soil and optimising biogas production: it is an alternative process for biogas production and usage and, by transforming the residue, alternative substrate or soil may be made. It is characterised by the following six points of intervention in the known biogas process technology in order to increase efficiency and optimise biogas technology:
- Intervention 1 : Selection and grouping of waste feedstock to produce equal amounts of biogas, considering the need of moisture for chemical digestion. Humidification is possible by sewage sludge or liquid manure.
- Intervention 2: Treatment of the waste feedstock with microbiological or physical method, considering the fact that the more waste feedstock is digested, the faster gas is produced.
- Intervention 3 : Preliminary treatment of waste feedstock in case slaughterhouse wastes are used apart from agricultural wastes for biogas production. The best option is then to process the waste feedstock by comminuting to optimise particle size, considering that the wider the specific surface areais, the more molecules may be involved in the methane formation reaction.
- Intervention 4: Optimising biogas production by utilising waste heat.
- Intervention 5: Gas cleaning, reduction of hydrogen sulfide and possibly dioxin content by bubbling the gas through a dilute aqueous microbiological system, thereby reducing contamination. At the same time, the inadequate gas is burned on the flare.
- Intervention 6: Transforming the residue of digestion into„products".
The advantages of our process: First intervention: The waste substrates are selected and determined for the composition and heating value of biogas largely depend on the original feedstock or organic substrates and technology. The first step of methane formation is acidification which requires also moisture. Wet waste feedstock also moisturises solid phase waste feedstock.
Second intervention: The waste substrates are treated because the methane yield of biogas production depends on the waste feedstock or their treatment. The waste feedstock is treated by our Gemma- 1 or similar microbiological system. The proposed ratio is 1 :250, 1 :500, 1 : 1000, depending on the applied waste feedstock and heat. The proposed temperature frame is 30-70 °C to facilitate the processing of waste feedstock. The time frame depends on the volume and quality of organic materials. Preferably, the prepared waste feedstock are moisturised with sewage sludge, pig liquid manure or any other wet process and are mixed at a ratio of 1 : 1 to 1 : 1000 v/v% with our own Gemma- 1 specifically developed for this purpose or other similar microbiological product.
Third intervention: Treatment of waste feedstock by alternative process during which, besides agricultural waste, slaughterhouse waste is also used for biogas production. In this case the waste feedstocks are proposed to be comminuted, thereby optimising particle size to digest waste feedstock by audio frequency resonator at 20-40 kHz or other comminuting or colloid chemical process to be followed by microbiological treatment as described in the previous point.
Fourth intervention: Optimisation of gas production is achieved by waste heat and the manure and bio-waste used or by particle size reduction (as described in the previous paragraph) or by the already optimised waste feedstock which is fed into the reactor. Microbiological anaerobic digestion may be carried out here and about 40% of the resulting waste heat may be used for drying which is needed to produce the product. Furthermore, by securing anaerobic environment, the digestion time frame of the prepared waste feedstock, depending on the temperature of fermentation, may be reduced significantly from an average 45-50 days. Even 5-10 days fermentation time reduction results in significant decrease of energy costs.
Fifth intervention: The produced gas is first cleaned, with inappropriate gas being burned on the flare. In case the dioxin and/or hydrogen sulfide contamination of the produced gas is higher than prescribed, it is bubbled through bacterial gas washer. The proposed bacteria is our Gemma- 1 or similar microbiological product. Much of the gas will be used by gas-fired thermal power plants which typically generates electricity by gas motor or gas turbine through CHP, while residue heat is returned in the form of technological heat to the biogas digester or led by power line to houses. The use of residue or waste heat may also be the drying of dewatered sewage sludge residue.
Sixth intervention: Product creation where anaerobic digestion cycle is applied for at least 10-15 days with a microorganism mixture comprising 3 w/v % of Streptomices albus, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Streptococcus lactis, Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor hiemalis, Saccharomyces cerivisae, Candida utilis. The mixture includes an aqueous suspension of min. 1.0 w/v% of microorganism mixture includes actinomycetes of min. 1.20x10 CFU/ml with min. 9,7x10 pcs/ml, microfungus of min. 3,51x10 pcs/ml, together with molasses of 3 w/v % and a dried lignite-like material / biogas dried digestion residue of 4 w/v %.
In a further preferred application of the method according to the invention, 1.5 w/v % clay, 1.2 w/v % humic acid, 5.0 w/v % potassium oxide, 0.5 w/v % calcium, 0.05 w/v % magnesium, 0.10w/v % iron, 0.01 w/v % manganese and 0.005 w/v % zinc are applied.
In a further preferred application of the method according to the invention, the volume of unfilled mixture is water, with the mixture having a pH of between 3.2 and 3.9 as measured in 10% aqueous suspension and its organic substrate content digested with lactic acid fermentation using anaerobic technology.
In a further preferred application of the method according to the invention, Product 1 , Product 2, Product 3, etc, may be made in the process and the resulting composition can be applied with
- agricultural liquid manure carrier, and/or
- communal sewage sludge carrier, and/or
- agricultural biomass carrier, and/or
- turf carrier, and/or
- zeolite carrier, and/or
- alginite carrier, and/or
- mineral mix carrier, and/or
- surface water sediments carrier, and/or
- energy crop residue carrier, and/or
- water carrier, and/or
- solid particles (ash, slag) formed from the combustion of plant materials, and/or alginite, and/or zeolite, and/or bentonite, and/or turf, and/or communal sewage sludge, and/or green biomass, and/or green compost, and/or any proportion of any of the above and used for the rehabilitation of surface waters and production of so-called alternative soil" to complement soil nutrients.
Enclosed are the following figures relating to the solution by our invention:
FIG. 1 shows picture of an ancient biogas power plant which has long been used e.g. in
Nepal.
FIG. 2 shows the technical-technological process of the traditional ancient Nepalese method. (Source: Nepal Biogas Plant - Construction Manual Construction Manual for GGC 2047 Model Biogas Plant)
The numbers or signs on FIG. 2:
1 - Dome, 2 - Reducing elbow, 3 - Gas tap, 4 - Curve, 5 - House wall, 6 - T-juncture and 7 - Water removal.
FIG. 3 shows a well-known generally applied biogas production system.
The numbers and sign on FIG. 3: 8 - Bio waste, 9 - Preparatory tank, 10 - Hygienic tanks, 1 1 - Steam, 12 - Liquid manure, 13 - Mixing tank, 14 - Bioreactors, 15 - Torch, 16 - Gas container, 17 - Technological steam, 18 - Thermal power plant, 19 - Teleheating, 20 - Manure tanks, 21 - Manure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a known complex metthod of biogas production and use.
FIG. 5 shows the natural carbon cycle.
FIG. 6 shows the typical composition several kinds of biogas.
FIG. 7 shows the biogas content of different organic substrates.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
There are six interventions in the technology of the biogas plant, described and shown on FIG. 3 & 4, in order to increase efficiency and optimise biogas production.
- Intervention 1 : Selection and grouping of waste feedstock for creating equal amounts of biogas formation, considering the need of moisture for chemical decomposition. Humidification is possible by sewage sludge or liquid manure.
- Intervention 2: Treatment of the waste feedstock with microbiological and/or physical and/or chemical process.
- Intervention 3: Preliminary treatment of waste feedstock in case slaughterhouse wastes are used apart from agricultural wastes for the production of biogas. The best option is then to process the waste feedstock by comminuting, i.e. decompose waste feedstock by optimising particle size.
- Intervention 4: Optimising biogas production by utilising waste heat.
- Intervention 5: Gas cleaning, reduction of hydrogen sulfide and possible dioxin contamination and burning the inadequate gas on the flare.
- Intervention 6: Transforming the fermentation residue into product.
First intervention: Waste feedstock selection
Composition of the original waste feedstock:
The composition and heating value of biogas largely depends on the original waste feedstock and organic substrate and technology. The average heating value of biogas is 22.0 MJ/m3. The energy content of biogas that may be produced by several animals' daily manure equals 0.8 kg of heating oil. In practice, energy equalling heating oil of minimum 0.2 kg to maximum 1.0 kg can be produced. A cow produces about 10 and a sow 1.2 tons of manure annually, from which biogas of 160 and 320 Nm3, respectively, can be made. Table 2. shows the biogas content of different organic substrates. The composition of waste feedstock can be modified in a way and proportion that the yield of gas remains always almost the same. Wettability must be kept in mind.
The feedstock may also be the organic substrates of landfill sites, depositories. Plastic, stone, metal, etc. are not appropriate.
Second intervention: The treatment of waste feedstock:
The methane yield of biogas production depends on the waste feedstock or their preparation. The most important element of the formerly mentioned biogas digester is that the waste feedstock is treated by our registered Gemma- 1 or a similar microbiological system. In Gemma- 1, the enzymes and hormones produced by bacteria and microorganisms act as catalysts of methane formation. The proposed ratios are 1 :250, 1 :500 and 1 : 1000, depending on the applied waste feedstock and heat. The proposed temperature frame is 30-70 °C. This, pre-fermentor is to facilitate the decomposition of waste feedstock during preparation. Thus, the fermentation time frame of biogas production is significantly less than the current 50-60 days. Inour knowlege it may be reduced by minimum 5-10 days. The time frame depends on the volume and quality of the organic substrate used.
Third intervention: Preparation of waste feedstock by alternative process
In this case, apart from agricultural waste, slaughterhouse waste is also used for biogas production. In this case the waste feedstock are proposed to be comminuted, thereby optimising particle size to decompose the waste feedstock. This may be done by audio frequency resonator at 20-40 kHz or other comminuting or colloid chemical method. This may be followed by microbiological treatment as described in the previous point.
Fourth intervention: Optimisation of gas production by using waste heat
Manure, bio-waste or particle size reduction as described before or optimised waste feedstock goes into the reactor.
It may prove a good solution and microbiological anaerobic digestion may also be carried out here. The temperature of the reactor may be regulated with heat exchanger. The organic substrate containers and reactor are mostly made of concrete and, in order to keep the temperature constant, are embedded in the ground. The novelty here is that about 40% of the created waste heat is used for the drying of product made by microbiological method.
The produced biogas can be stored in gas tank. FIG. 4. shows the generally known complex method of biogas production and usage.
Fifth intervention: The produced gas is first cleaned, with inappropriate gas being burnt on the flare.
In case the dioxin and/or hydrogen sulfide contamination of the produced gas is higher than prescribed, it is bubbled through bacterial gas washer. The proposed bacteria is our Gemma- 1 or similar microbiological product. Much of the gas will be used by gas-fired thermal power plants which typically generates electricity by gas motor or gas turbine through CHP, while residue heat is returned in the form of technological heat to the biogas digester or led by power line to houses. The use of residue heat or waste heat may also be the drying of dewatered sewage sludge residue according to Intervention 4.
Heating and domestic hot water are provided by heat exchangers. Steam is recirculated to the technology to:
- heat buildings,
- operate the cooling system (trigeneration - absorption cooling),
- thermoregulate reactors,
- heat the hygienic tanks,
- dry the dewatered sewage sludge and
- dry the digestion residue.
Sixth intervention:
The sixth intervention is the production of alternative soil" from the fermented residue or ferment.
The six points of intervention aiming at optimal yield in the production of biogas production have been described above.
The possible actual beneficial uses of the solution according to the invention are the following:
Family size biogas plant, establishing energy farm:
As the family sizebiogas plant is a target market, the benefits from the supply of biogas energy accrue only if the farmers have:
- at least 10 cows,
- appropriate volume of liquid manure and storage facility for the digested manure,
- minimum 75% slurry of the manure that may be replaced by communal sewage sludge,
- liquid manure can be mixed with organic materials,
- digested manure can be used ni the farm or the farmer is willling to involve in the production of microbiological product or its outsourcing of same,
- or performs microbiological treatment of the digested manure, thereby producing products.
- Much of the electricity and heat is used on site (e.g. pig and poultry farming, gardening), or for microbiological treatment (drying of sewage sludge or digested residue)
Important to know is that a family size biogas plant must be economical even without offtake or goverment subsidy.
Another target group is larger biogas plants, so-called energy farms, where liquid manure and other agricultural and organic waste are collected from several farms which then jointly operate their biogas plant, use the heat and electricity, and distribute the microbiologically treated manure among themselves.
- Another practical application and target area is to improve the energy efficiency of existing but inefficiently operating biogas plants.
Actual examples of application:
The annual maintenance cost of a sewage plant for 100,000 inhabitants is estimated at approximately HUFIOO million. As opposed to this cost, we may produce a profit of HUF 90-134 million from the sale of products (to be detailed later) deriving from sewage sludge and the reduction of operating costs, road load, carbon dioxide emission etc.
In case the alternative soil production unit is linked to the existing biogas plant then further opportunities may be given for the optimisation of the earlier outlined biogas production. Maintenance costs can be reduced by the usage of digestion residue, cleaning of „brown liquid", efficiency improvements of biogas production, e.g. by utilising waste heat for drying the dewatered sludge.
Additional advantage of the invention is that a so-called environment improvement business unit" may closely be integrated to it for developing, producing and selling products, namely microbiological soil- and plant conditioner compositions, which are important primarily for environmental protection. This process is referred to as„Product creation".
Summary
Biogas yield may be increased by:
- comminuting the feedstock, i.e. particle size optimisation, by audio frequency of about 20-40 kHz or other comminuting, colloid chemical way,
- wetting the feedstock by sewage sludge, liquid manure,
- focussed optimisation of the composition of feedstock,
- mixing the feedstock with multi-strain microorganism preparation, e.g. Gemma- 1 or similar microbiological products,
- chosing the optimal factory size to reduce digestion time,
- technological optimisation of waste heat usage, e.g. drying of dewatered sewage sludge or digested residue,
- technological optimisation by product creation referred to in the previous point,
- technological optimisation: cleaning of gas, reduction of hydrogen sulfide and possibly dioxin content by bubbling the gas through a dilute aqueous microbiological system, e.g. Gemma-1 , thereby reducing contamination,
- producing fertile or alternative soil and maintaining it by Gemma-1 and/or other microorganisms madeby lactic acid digestion process.
The applied microorganism composite is the previously determined multi-strain Gemma-1, but it other similar microbiological process may also be used.
An important application aspect of this invention is that hundreds of million people are suffering from hunger in the world when it could be avoided by creating fertile soil and agriculture based on environmental protection globally.
One of the uses the present patent procedure may be to optimise the operation of all the local biogas plants.
A further possibility could be to add methane gas cleaned by this invention to CNG, thereby improving low quality natural gas or perhaps bottling it.
A third area may be the utilisation of waste of full landfill sites and depositores for biogas production.
The products made by the process of this invention are as follows: Utilisation of the residue of biogas digestion:
One of the biggest problems of biogas plants built on sewage treatment plants is the high heavy metal content of residues which are therefore not appropriate for direct use in the food producing agriculture. Currently such residue material is placed in poplar groves or energy grass growing areas or often to landfills. The problem with the former option is that the soil will be saturated. The same is true in the latter case (e.g. the example of Szolnok) due to the high charge for the use of depositories and the saturation of the sites. Otherwise, landfills are not a professional solution, only superficial treatment or delaying of the problem.
Product 1 : Key to our process is that the digestion residue is stabilised microbiologically after the drying according to the technology of the invention.
Product 2: In case the heavy metal contamination of the product made by the technology according to the invention is higher than prescribed, it will be„diluted" to the required measure by natural minerals. Depending on the specific local area, such
minerals may be alginite, rhyolite, bentonite and other clay mineral, etc. (See the literary reference under technology:„A three-stage system to remove mercury and dioxins in flue gases".)
Product 3 : Cleaned water of technological quality which is appropriate for irrigation or industrial usage.
Practical issues raised in the course of using the process and products according to the invention:
The circulation of C (carbon) in nature is of paramount importance (see FIG. 5).
The dried material made by the process according to the invention is characterised by high carbon content. Its heating value is the equivalent of medium brown coal's (15-17 MJ/kg, or minimum 3,500 kcal/kg). This is very important in carbon cycle.
The natural carbon cycle is upset by human civilisation. The use of fossil energy has led to carbon, specifically C02 (carbondioxide), emissions to the atmosphere and, even worse, the CH4 or methane content of the atmosphere has also grown. Even bigger problem is that, due to the burning of fossil energy, the proportion of the lighter carbon and oxygen isotopes has grown in the atmosphere. If entering the stratosphere, they may damage the continuance of the boundary layer. This may be verified by NMR spectroscope.
The present patent application does not deal with the agricultural purpose qualification of products made by the process according to the invention. As due to its composition, the microorganism used in the process has in itself crop yield enhancement and substance imrprovement features, it also satisfies this criterion.
Laboratory tests by„inoculation" have shown promising results as microbial numbers
7 Q
grew hundredfold: from 10 to 10 on the plate.
A beneficial feature of the dried and microbiologically stabilised material is its over 27% humus content (meaning high buffer capacity) which plays an important role in improving the composition of soil and achieving an ideal pH.
"Product 1", "Product 2", etc. as end products made by the process of this invention are especially appropriate for improving structure less soil, e.g. sandy soil. Of paramount importance can therefore be the making of rich soil, i.e. alternative soil, in Middle East countries like Turkey or Egypt. In our view, creating such soil offers solution to problems like emigration from Africa that could be stopped by this.
The market value of residue of microbiologically treated material gained from digested biomass is expected to be HUF 30,000/ton. Based on laboratory tests, 1 ton of such material is the equivalent of 7-8 tons of ripe stable manure in terms of its P (phosphorus) and K (calium) content, only with less N (nitrogen).
The latter deficiency may however be replaced by the subsequent microbiological, 80- strain bacterial treatment of alternative soil, the nitrogen fixation from air or perhaps by some nitrogen fertiliser.
The alternative soil may easily be stored, treated and fertilised by spreader.
Important part of the technology is the sludge dryer.
Sludge drying provides the following benefits:
- Over 70% weight reduction
- Lower waste removal costs
- Sludge to become hygienic
Possible other applications
The gas product from digested sewage sludge is liquid manure gas, similar to biogas. Biogas production equipment are biogas generators and gas wells established on organic waste depositories. After removal of water (condensation) and gas cleaning (removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide), it may be used as energy, e.g. for heating.
Biogas from liquid pig manure has a heating value of about 23,000 kJ/m3. It occurs spontaneously, may even ignite fire in marshes, moors ("will-o'-the-wisps"), manure stacks, landfills.
Feedstock may be communal waste, agricultural or forest side products, lm3 communal waste may generate 60-300 m3 biogas. The digested manure or residue may then be treated as described to convert it into easy to use, odourless material of full value for manuring of gardens and parks.
In the course of biogas generation, pathogenic organisms are killed which is very important from public hygiene point of view. The residue, improperly referred to as compost, keeps all the valuable minerals and may be used as excellent organic manure.
Our plans are aiming at establishing at family size biogas plants in Hungary, similarly to China and India. Out of a global 9 million family size biogas plants, an estimated 7.2
million are located in China. Biogas may serve as an essential basis for future energy sources and can play highly important role in environmental protection and organic agriculture (e.g. organic manure recycling). (Source: Lexikon of Environmental Protection).
Additional advantage and, as compared to other published solutions, unique feature of our solution is that, if treated according to the description, the digested residue also undergoes a microbiological treatment whereby, in addition to biogas, alternative soil is made for use in agriculture.
Residue or waste heat generated in biogas production are uses in the production of products and drying. Utilisation of about 40% is regarded the most appropriate.
In the process of this invention, biogas yield from feedstocks by said pre-treatment may increase significantly, with growth of 6-9% is regarded as significant result.
In case dioxin were to remain in the biogas produced from household or agricultural waste by the process of this invention, then it may significantly be reduced, especially by the preferred Gemma- 1 microbiological preparation. Flowing the gas through this aqueous microbiological system may also lead to significant reduction of the contamination content of hydrogen sulphide.
After the microbiological treatment according to this invention, the "brown liquid" created by first and second generation biogas processes qualify as harmless material. Later on it can become a product for use in agriculture.
The process according to the invention, in case the digested residue is utilised, produces soil or alternative soil which is maintained by Gemma- 1 and/or other microorganisms made by lactic acid fermentation.
Item list
FIG. 2.
1 - Dome
2 - Reducing elbow
3 - Gas tap
4 - Curve
5 - House wall
6 - T-juncture
7 - Water removal
FIG. 3.
8 - Biowaste
9 - Preparatory tank
10 - Hygienic tanks
11 - Steam
12 - Liquid manure
13 - Mixing tank
14 - Bioreactors
15 - Torch
16 - Gas container
17 - Technological steam
18 - Thermal power plant
19 - Teleheating
20 - Manure tanks
21 - Manure
Claims
1. A process of alternative soil formation whereby biogas production may be optimised. It is appropriate for producing biogas in a novel way and using and transforming waste residue into an alternative substrate or soil,
it is characterised by
six interventions in the widely known biogas production technology in order to increase operating efficiency and optimise the process as follows:
- The first intervention is the selection and grouping of waste feedstock with a view to produce equal volumes of biogas considering wettability.
- The second intervention is the treatment of feedstock with microbiological or physical means, e.g. pharmaceutical autoclave or kitchen pressure cooker, logically followed by microbiological pre-treatment, digestion.
- The third intervention is the preparation of waste feedstock, in case slaughterhouse waste is also uilised apart from agricultural waste for biogas production. In this case it is a more appropriate solution to decompose the waste feedstock by comminuting, i.e. particle size optimisation, preferably, after comminuting, preparing the appropriate colloid size particles in autoclave used in the pharmeceutical industry or pressure cooker, pretreating e.g. at 6 bar pressure and 130 °C for about 10-25 minutes.
- The fourth intervention is the optimisation of biogas production by utilising waste heat.
- The fifth intervention is the cleaning of gas produced, the reduction of possible dioxin and hydrogen sulfide contamination and, parallelly, the burning of inappropriate gas on the flare.
- The sixth intervention is the production of alternative soil" and Product(s) from the digested residue or digestate.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein said selection of waste feedstock in the first intervention, during which the composition of the waste feedstock is determined as the composition and heating value of biogas largely depends on the original raw materials or organic substrates and technology. The composition of waste feedstock is modified to such a degree and proportion that the volume of gas produced will always be almost identical. The original feeedstock may be organic substrates of waste depositories, landfills, and wettability is a desired and adequate criterion.
3. The process of claims 1 or 2, wherein by the second intervention the feedstock is treated because the methane yield of biogas production depends on the feedstock and their pre-treatment. The feedstock is treated by our licensed Gemma- 1 or other similar microbiological system, with a proposed proportions of 1 :250, 1 :500 and 1 :1000, depending on the applied feedstock, heat, the proposed temperature range is 30-70 °C to facilitate the decomposition of pre-digested feedstock during pre-treatment. The time frame range depends on the quantity and quality of organic substrate input, preferably with sewage sludge or pig slurry or any other way of wetted process of claim 1. The treated feedstock is mixed at a ratio of 1 : 1 to 1 : 1000 v/v% with our special purpose Gemma- 1 or similar other microbiological product.
4. The process of any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the third intervention, i.e. the pre- treatment of feedstock by alternative process, utilises slaughterhouse waste along with agricultural waste for biogas production. In this case the feedstockis preferably decomposed by comminuting, i.e. optimising particle size, with 20-40 kHz ultrasound resonator or other comminuting or colloid chemical method followed by microbiological treatment described under 3 above.
5. The process of any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the optimisation of biogas production during the fourth intervention is performed by the usage of waste heat and the manure, biowaste or said particle size reduction or optimised feedstock is fed into the reactor where microbiological anaerobic digestion may be carried out and 40% of the waste heat can be used for the drying required for microbiological production of product. Moreover, the digestion time frame for said pre-treated feedstock under anaerobic conditions may, depending on the temperature of digestion, significantly be reduced from the current average 45-50 days. Even 5-10 days in the reduction time frame of digestion can result in significant energy cost cutting.
6. The process of any of the claims 1 to 5, wherein during the fifth intervention the produced gas is cleaned, inappropriate gas is burnt on the flare, if the possible dioxin contamination of gas is higher than permitted, it is bubbled through bacterial gas washer. The proposed bacterium is Gemma- 1 or similar microbiological preparation. Much of the gas is used by gas-fuelled power plant generating electricity by CHP process or gas motor or turbine, with the residue heat recycled in the form of technological steam to the biogas plant or led to residential houses by teleheating, or the usage of residue heat or waste may also be said drying of digested residue of dewatered sewage sludge.
7. The process of any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein minimum 10-15 days of anaerobic digestion cycle is carried out in the process with 3 w/v % of Streptomices albus, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, Lactobaciullus plantarum, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Streptococcus lactis, Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor hiemalis, Saccharomyces cerivisae and Candida utilis. It includes aqueous suspension of min. 1.0 w/v% of microorganism mixture comprising actinomycetes of min. 1.20x10 CFU/ml with min. 9,7x10 pcs/ml, microfungi of min. 3,51x10 pcs/ml, and also molasses of 3 w/v % and a dried lignite-like material / biogas dried digestion residue of 4 w/v %.
8. The process of any of the claims of 1 to 7, wherein 1.5 w/v % clay, 1.2 w/v % humic acid, 5.0 w/v % potassium oxide, 0.5 w/v % calcium, 0.05 w/v % magnesium, 0.10w/v % iron, 0.01 w/v % manganese and 0.005 w/v % zinc are applied.
9. The process of any of the claims of 1 to 8, wherein the weight of the unfilled mixture is made up of water, the pH of mixture measured in 10% water suspension is between 3.2 and 3.9 and the mixture's organic substrate content is digested by lactic acid process with anaerobic technology.
10. The process of any of the claims of 1 to 9, wherein final products (Product 1, Product 2, Product 3, etc.) are made and the resulting composition can be applied with
- agricultural liquid manure carrier, and/or
- communal sewage sludge carrier, and/or
- agricultural biomass carrier, and/or
- turf carrier, and/or
- zeolite carrier, and/or
- alginite carrier, and/or
- mineral mix carrier, and/or
- surface water sediments carrier, and/or
- energy crop residue carrier, and/or
- water carrier, and/or
- solid particles (ash, slag) formed from the combustion of plant materials, and/or alginite, and/or zeolite, and/or bentonite, and/or turf, and/or communal sewage sludge, and/or green biomass, and/or green compost, and/or any proportion of any of the above and used for the rehabilitation of surface waters and production of Alternative Soil to complement soil nutrients.
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