HU231148B1 - Process for alternative land production or optimization of biogas production - Google Patents

Description

Process for alternative fold production and optimization of biogas production

The present invention relates to a process for the production of alternative land and to the optimization of biogas production, which process is suitable for the production and utilization of biogas in different ways and allows the production of an alternative medium, soil, by converting the residue.

Background of the invention:

With the increase of urbanization, the treatment, disposal and utilization of the constantly increasing amount of wastewater is a great problem for humanity. The Alternative Earth Production project, won by Climate-KIC at the Climate KIC Budapest Voucher 2012 idea competition on December 20, 2012, provides a solution for how to produce a humus-like, so-called alternative fold from wastewater. This professional idea is the starting point of our present intellectual product.

Theoretical overview:

The concept of biogas: a gaseous, usually combustible product of the decomposition of organic wastes containing carbohydrates and cellulose, as well as proteins and fats by anaerobic organisms at mesophilic temperatures (30-40 ° C), usually combustible, which is ammonia, sulfur in addition to hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, it consists mainly of methane.

The calorific value of biogas containing about 60% methane, which can be produced from agricultural waste, industrial waste and municipal waste, is 24-29 MJ / m ³ .

The composition and calorific value of biogas are highly dependent on the starting organic matter and technology. The average calorific value of biogas is 22.0 MJ / m ^{3 according to} the generally accepted value.

The typical composition of some types of some biogas is shown in Table 1.

During biogas formation, organic compounds decompose into simpler compounds (acid phase) and then decompose into their constituent elements methane gas (about 60-70%) and carbon dioxide (about 30-40%) and different elements depending on the starting material (H, N, S, etc.). Throughout human existence, either for heating or fertilizing, various animal wastes have been processed or recovered in the past. One such solution is the ancient biogas power plant, which has long been used in Nepal, for example. In Nepal, as biofuels are rather scarce, biogas has been used for a very long time.

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Part of this power plant is the kava of the so-called. .mixing basin, here the manure is mostly mixed with other organic waste by hand and with a wooden spoon. A pipe from the pool leads to the fermentation tank, so that the end of the pipe ends below the level of the liquid, so that the generated gas cannot evaporate on it, Table 1: Gas compositions

Component take it! Wood gas gas Wood gas steam City gas Deposit gas Biogas Methane CFk 3 - 6% 9-11% 60 - 75% 45 - 55% 50 - 75% Carbon dioxide co ₂ 12-16% 20 - 25% 30 - 40% 30 - 40% 25 - 45% Hydrogen sulfide HzS - <1% 50 - 300 ppm 0 - 1% Water vapor h ₂ o - - saturated saturated saturated Hydrogen h ₂ 11 -16% 33 - 40% in traces - 0 -1% Oxygen o ₂ - - <1% 0 - 1% Nitrogen n ₂ 45 - 60% <3% <4% 5-15% 0 - 3% Ammonia nh ₃ - - - - 0 - 0.5% Carbon monoxide co 13-18% 25 - 30% in traces - - Calorific value kWh / m ³ U -1.7 3.3 - 4.2 6-7.5 4.5 - 5.5 5 - 7.5

Average composition of some gases Source: Yadav and Hesse 1981

The fermentation vat is closed by a dome with an outlet pipe at the top. The already pooled manure also reaches the front basin below the level of the fermentation vat, this - after it was dug out of it from the ground with a wooden bowl, it was used as a stock improver. The gas generated here is piped to the houses and used for cooking and heating.

In an already known solution, in the biogas production system, the raw material is collected in a large-volume storage tank to ensure a continuous supply of the reactor (fermentation chamber). - and a gas-insulated container in which a stirrer prevents settling. The duration of anaerobic bacterial fermentation with gas evolution is temperature dependent :. 15-25 days at 30-40 ° C, but shorter at 50-60 ° C.

Description of the prior art:

WO2011 / 156767 (Edelstem., MPitchforth, E.Astres) discloses a method and apparatus for recovering fibrous materials and nutrients degraded during anaerobic fermentation with BioCat + 3 ™. The advantage of the process is its high gas yield and the limitation of ammonia removal that clean drinking water is required and does not form a product.

US 2011239655 (A1) (Carin Christianne, 2011-10-06) discloses a process and apparatus for producing a fertilizer from sewage sludge and manure. In the solution according to the present patent application, this equipment is not used, but it is also conceivable from this that after drying it can be granulated, pelletized or otherwise formed for the pretreatment of the final dried product.

HU U 4188 (file number: U 12 00217, 21.08.2011) describes a design arrangement for the development of biogas with increased efficiency. The arrangement includes hydrodynamic shredding and ultrasonic shredding as well as coarse and fine shredding units. The method of the present application also uses an ultrasonic destroyer, but used in the frequency range 21-40 KHz differently from that described in HU U 4188. In the present invention, ultrasound as an electromagnetic radiation microinitiator plays a role in the resolution of covalent bonds.

WO ./2015/101941 discloses a method and system for processing biomass. In this process, lignin and cellulose can be produced by a reaction catalyzed by alkaline pH-η iron-based nanoparticles.

ISSN 1996 0786 © 2012 (author: W. Mwegoha, source: African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol 6/8, Pp 293-299, August, 2012,) describes a method for aneorobic composting of chrysanthemum waste with EM without that. This is characterized by high methane gas yield, shortened methane gas formation time, i.e. reduced fermentation time. CO2 (carbon dioxide) is possibly chemically bound with KOH (potassium hydroxide). This is one of the chemical methods used in the solution of the present application. In the case of the solution according to the present application, I propose other chemical methods for fat decomposition, e.g. HCA, hydroxycitric acid,

The technology known in the art is the reduction of dioxin contamination by EM microorganisms. Such a solution is described, inter alia, in Suppression of Dioxin Generation in the Garbage Incinerator, Using EM (Effective Microorganisms), EM-Z, and EM-Z Ceramics Powder (Masato Miyajima, Narihira Nagano, and T eruo Higa, source: http: / /www.infrc.or.jp/englishlKNF Data Base Web / PDF% 20KNF% 20ConfO / o20Data / C6-74

246.pdf) and A Three-stage system to remove mercury and dioxins in flue gases source: https://www'.researchgate.net/publication/7809736 A threestage system to remove mercury and dioxins in flue gases.

Hungarian patent specification HU 1000024 (28.07.2011) describes a process for the controlled combined anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment of municipal solid waste based on several parameters, resulting in biogas suitable for energy purposes and a hygienically flavored, stabilized product suitable for further treatments. The most important element of the system is the combined anaerobic-aerobic biological system. However, the biological system is not known from the document, no microbiological preparation is mentioned in the document.

Hungarian patent specification HU1100510 (29.04.2013) describes a process for the production of a consortium of microorganisms capable of fermenting a substrate with at least 75%, preferably at least 90% protein content, very preferably protein monosubstrate in addition to methane-containing biogas by adaptation to the substrate, and / or a bacterium having proteolytic activity belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria; a bacterium with denitrifying activity; a consortium of cellulolytic, peptide and / or amino acid degrading and / or thiosulfate reducing bacteria of the Clostridia class, and the use of the consortium to ferment a high protein substrate to produce methane-containing biogas and to increase biogas production. The described process is exclusively for the processing of high protein substrates, i.e. mainly animal waste, accordingly the efficiency of the consortium of microorganisms used is also suitable for the processing of high protein waste containing only animal waste.

Hungarian patent specification HU 1000314 (28.03.2012) describes a raw material pretreatment process for the production of biogas for the production of biogas from keratin-containing or lignocellulosic raw materials. During the pretreatment processes, the wastes rich in different types of raw materials are treated separately with the microorganisms produced by the enzymes to be degraded and the pH of the fermentation broth is adjusted to the optimum operating pH of the enzymes with appropriate buffers. The pretreatment methods described assume separate treatment methods at acidic and alkaline pH values, do not use a mixture of microorganisms that work effectively under complex acidic conditions, so the pretreatment process itself is lengthy and requires several separate fermenters.

HU9901949 (28.05.2002) describes a process for the complex processing and utilization of municipal and agricultural waste, during which agricultural fibrous waste, as well as dilute and litter manure generated during animal husbandry, as well as municipal sewage sludge, storage and shredding at the production site, then prepared after intestinal tests and mixed in such a proportion that the dry matter content of the mixture is 18-25%, C / N ratio is 16: 1-19: 1, N: P: K ratio (3-5.4) :( 2 , 54.4) :( 0.7-1.9), then the mixture is transferred to a sealable fermentation tank, where biogas and biofertilizer are biologically produced from the waste. The method does not describe the microbiological conditions used for fermentation. The yield of biogas is influenced by changing the composition of the raw materials to be fed, based on a preliminary examination of their intestinal content. The role of the microbiological system used in fermentation has not been investigated in the description,

Chinese Patent Publication No. CN104073445 (October 1, 2014) discloses a microbiological composition for pretreating a mixture of animal manure and straw to produce biogas. A microbial composition comprising: 2-8xl0 ^iO cfu / g Penicillmm glaucum 2-8x10 '° cfu / g Rhizopus oryzae 2-8x10' ° cfu / g, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, 2-8xl0 ^w cfu / g of Aspergillus flavus and 2 -8x10 ^(ö cfu / g Spirillospom. The microbiological preparation described in the Chinese document can be used for the pretreatment of a special case of manure mixed with animal litter for biogas production and does not provide a complex solution for optimal and fast treatment of animal and municipal waste. nor are they the same.

The general feature of the solutions known so far is that they are used to solve only one sub-task, they do not provide a solution that can be widely used in connection with the complex recovery of waste, and they do not describe a suitable microbiological preparation that can be used to achieve complex recovery.

Objective

The aim of our process is to increase biogas yield, treat municipal waste and agricultural waste after proper preparation / UH (ultrasound) exploration, wetting, particle size reduction, etc./, increase the energy output of biogas production from residual heat or waste heat and future products pre-treatment. A further aim of our process is to improve the quality of biogas by reducing possible dioxin contamination by microbiology.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a humus-like material from wastewater and other municipal and agricultural waste, followed by alternative soil.

Aspects of biogas production:

The following considerations have been considered in defining the purposes of this patent. Two choices for 21st century humanity One way is to follow the current approach of just producing garbage and using all existing fossil energy. The other way is an alternative solution, the option we propose, to cleanse our world of wastewater and other organic-based waste. These are transformed and taken back into the organic cycle, creating a healthier, cleaner environment. We have chosen this path because we want our grandchildren to enjoy this Garden of Eden, that is, our Earth.

Recognition

In creating the solution according to the invention, the recognition was that in the biogas production plant outlined above, the technology can be intervened in five places in order to increase the efficiency, i.e. to increase the energy efficiency of the biogas process. The composition and calorific value of biogas depend to a large extent on the starting material, resp. from organic matter and technology. The object of the invention is to be solved in two ways.

In order to produce the ‘’ alternative land, we are building a so-called alternative land production unit directly to the wastewater treatment plant, which is connected to the wastewater treatment technology after the dewatered sludge, where 100,000 inhabitants is equivalent after 4-3 years. In addition, we achieve continuous sales revenue from product sales. We can use several solutions to dry the dewatered sewage sludge. Drying can be done in any dryer, even in a drum dryer, but the most efficient is a belt sludge dryer (drying the material at 130 C for at least 10 minutes). This is followed by the microbiological treatment and then the product production section.

It has also surprisingly been found in the present invention that biogas yields show a significant increase in the use of Gemma-1 (Eng number; OTH 5175-2 / 2010) composite.

General description of the invention

The invention therefore relates to a process for the production of alternative land and to the improvement of the energy yield of biogas production, which process is suitable for the different production and utilization of biogas and for the production of an alternative medium, soil, by converting the residue.

It is characterized by the fact that the already known biogas production technology is intervened in five places at the biogas plant in order to increase the efficiency and improve the energy yield of the biogas process, such as

- the first intervention for the selection and grouping of feedstocks for the production of the same amount of biogas,

- the second intervention is the treatment of raw materials, by microbiological method or physical method, ~ the third intervention is the preparation of raw materials, if in addition to agricultural waste we want to use slaughterhouse waste for biogas production, then it is more expedient to explore the raw materials by physically shredding ,

- the fourth intervention is to improve the energy yield of biogas production by utilizing waste heat,

- the fifth intervention is the purification of the formed gas, the reduction of gas dioxin pollution, at the same time, the incineration of the unsuitable gas flare.

In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the raw materials are selected during the first intervention, during which the composition of the starting materials is determined, because the composition and the running value of the biogas depend to a large extent on the starting material. from organic matter and technology.

In the case of another advantageous application of the process according to the invention, the raw materials are treated during the second intervention, because the methane yield of the biogas production is reduced from the raw materials. depending on their preparation. The raw material is treated with a similar Gemma-1 tik microbiological system, the recommended ratio is preferably 1: 250, 1: 500, 1: 1000 depending on the raw materials used, the heat used, the recommended temperature range is 30-70 ^U C, which during preparation the pre-fermenter is intended to facilitate the digestion of the raw materials, the duration of which also depends, of course, on the quantity and quality of the organic matter fed, preferably by mixing the raw materials prepared by the process according to the invention with sewage sludge or insect slurry or any other from 1: 10000 v / v% with the microbiological preparation Gemma-1 developed by us for this purpose.

In a further advantageous use of the process according to the invention, the third intervention is the preparation of the raw materials by an alternative method, in which case, in addition to agricultural waste, slaughterhouse waste is used for biogas production, preferably by grinding the raw materials.

which is optionally done with a sound frequency resonator around 20-40 KHz, or other shredding skis, Ili. colloid chemistry followed by the microbiological treatment described in the previous point.

In a further advantageous application of the process according to the invention, in the fourth intervention, the energy yield of biogas production is increased by utilizing waste heat and the manure, bio-waste or particle size reduction described above In this case, microbiological, anaerobic digestion can be performed, and about 40% of the waste heat generated is used to dry the product of the microbiological process, and the fermentation time of the raw materials previously prepared in the process, preferably under anaerobic conditions, is preferably. average 4550 days of fermentation so far! versus time, of course, depending on the temperature of the fermentation, but can be significantly reduced, a reduction in fermentation time of as little as 5-10 days results in a significant reduction in energy costs.

In a further advantageous use of the process according to the invention, it is. during the fifth intervention the gas formed is first cleaned, if necessary the amount of unsuitable gas is burned on the flare, if the dioxin contamination of the gas is higher than prescribed, it is bubbled through a bacterial scrubber, the bacterium we recommend, e.g. Gemma-1 is a microbiological preparation. The gas. most of it is used by a gas-fired thermal power plant, which typically produces electricity either by a gas engine or a gas turbine using the CHP process, and the remaining abundance is returned to the biogas plant in the form of process steam, or as before, the drying of dewatered sewage sludge and discharged residues.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, an anaerobic fermentation cycle of at least 10-15 days is used during the process and, if appropriate, during the process. 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a / bus, fthodopseudomonas sphaeraídes, L & ctabaeiuilus plMm,

Propianibacíeríujn Jreudenreichű, Síreptococeas / Actual \ ^ Spergel ^ ch WYW, Mucorhíematix, Sfoccfaffwnyces cerlvisae, Candida ufűís microorganism mixture containing at least 1.0 weight percent aqueous suspension%, a total plate number of at least l, 2OxlO ⁷ CFU / ml, actinomycetes number at least 9.7 ^{x 10 7} pieces / ml, at least 3.5 ^{x 10 7} pieces / ml for the microfungus, 3 parts by weight of molasses per 100 parts by weight and 4 parts by weight of dried lignin / biogas dried per 100 parts by weight are used.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the process optionally comprises 1.5 parts by weight of clay mineral per 100 parts by weight, 1.2 parts by weight of humic acid per 100 parts by weight and 5.0 parts by weight of potassium per 100 parts by weight. oxide, 0.5 parts by weight of calcium per 100 parts by weight, 0.05 parts by weight of magnesium per 100 parts by weight, 0.10 parts by weight of iron per 100 parts by weight and 0.01 parts by weight of manganese per 100 parts by weight, and 0.005 parts by weight of zinc per 100 parts by weight.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the volume of the unfilled mixture in the process is water, which mixture has a pH of 3.2 to 3.9 in a 10% aqueous suspension, and which mixture is an organic substance. content of lactic acid fermentation method, anaerobic technology fermented.

In a further advantageous application of the process according to the invention, the final product is the product 1 / alternative extension, Product2 / alternative earth with diluted composite ·, Product3 / - process water / and, if appropriate, the composition thus obtained.

- agricultural slurry carrier and / or - municipal sewage sludge carrier and / or - agricultural biomass carrier and / or - peat carrier and / or

- a zeolite carrier and / or - an alginite carrier and / or - a mineral mixture with a carrier and / or - a surface water sediment carrier and / or - plant stem residues of agricultural origin with a carrier and / or - a water carrier and / or

- solid combustion products from the incineration of plant materials (ash, slag) and / or alginite and / or zeolite and / or bentenite and / or peat and / or municipal sewage sludge and / or plant biomass and / or vegetable cornnose and / or present is applied in admixture with a carrier in any proportion and is used to rehabilitate surface waters.

Export example

At the biogas plant already outlined above, we intervened in the technology in five locations to increase efficiency, i.e. to increase the yield of the biogas production process.

- The first intervention in the selection and grouping of raw materials for the production of the same amount of biogas I,

- The second intervention is the treatment of raw materials, by microbiological method or by physical method,

- The third intervention is the preparation of raw materials, if in addition to agricultural waste we also used slaughterhouse waste for biogas production, in this case a more expedient solution is to explore the raw materials by physically shredding the raw materials, ie by increasing the specific particle size.

- a fourth intervention to improve the energy yield of biogas production through the use of waste heat,

- The fifth intervention is the purification of the gas formed, the reduction of gas dioxin pollution, and at the same time the incineration of the unsuitable gas flare.

First intervention: Selection of raw materials

Composition of starting materials:

The composition and calorific value of biogas depend to a large extent on the starting material, resp. from organic matter and technology. Average calorific value of biogas: 22.0 Mknr. It is generally accepted that the energy content of biogas produced by the daily manure of many animals is equal to 0.8 kg of fuel oil. The extreme values that can be achieved in practice are 0, ^ - 1.0 kg of energy production corresponding to fuel oil. A cow about. 10 tons and one sow produces 1.2 tons of manure per year, from which 160 Nm ³ and 320 Nm 'of biogas can be produced, respectively. Table 2 below shows the biogas content of the different organic materials.

Table 2: Biogas content of different organic substances

j Biogas theiogas (l / kg) Ij / kg) j lower value | Biogas (l / kg) average value] Recoverable biogas (l / kg) Animal manure offense j 340 | 550 | 445 | 338 j I cattle 90 310 | 200 j 152 | poultry (chicken) 310 1 620___I 465 1 353 .......

Biogas I3 biogas 1 (l / kg> | (l / kg) lower value | upper value | Biogas (l / kg) average value Recyclable biogas (Ikg) | q 200 J 300 | 250 1 190 | barn litter manure 175 | 280 | 77S 1 171 sheep 90 J 310 j 200 1 152 rabbit 380 and 464 422 . . 321 fur animals 347 | 413 | 380 289 Domestic agricultural products wheat straw 200 j 300 250 || 190 rye straw 200 J 300 250 ________________ ....... ^1,190 oat straw 290 | 310 300 1 228 corn stalk, cob 380 || 460 420 | 319 sunflower stem 279 1 321 300 and 228 rapeseed straw 180 | 220 Γ 200 í 152 rice straw 170 and 280 | 225 | 171 potato stalks 280 j 490 1 385 | 293 industrial tomato stalk 361 and 385 373 and 283 Cut sugar beet head 400 | 500 | 450 J 342 Used horticultural crop residues | fü 280 | 550 415 | 315 elephant grass 430 I 560 | 495 | 376 | reed-poop 170 || 260 || 215 | 163 | here 430 | 490 || 460 | F 350 vegetable waste 1 330 j 360 II ³⁴⁵ II .. ²⁶² Yarrow residue 1 «> 2 1« ^s ........ | 620 jlomb 1 210 || 290 1 25 «1 _____i mixed mg waste | 310 J 430 || 370 | 281 | í 1 1 j 1 1 Sewage sludge || 1 310 I 740 || 525 g 399 ______ |

Second intervention: Handling of raw materials

Methane production of biogas production from raw materials resp. it depends on their preparation. The most important element of the aforementioned biogas producer is that the raw material is Gemma-1 resp. treated with a similar microbiological system. The recommended ratio is 1: 250, 1: 500, 1: 1000 depending on the raw materials used and the heat used. The recommended temperature range is 30-70 ° C. During preparation, this pre-fermenter is intended to facilitate the exploration of raw materials. Thus, the fermentation time of biogas production is much less compared to the previous 50-60 days. To our knowledge, it is reduced to a minimum of 5-10 days. Of course, the duration also depends on the quantity and quality of the organic matter fed.

Third intervention: preparation of raw materials by an alternative process

In this case, in addition to agricultural waste, we also utilized slaughterhouse waste for biogas production. In this case, shredding, i.e. a reduction in particle size, was used as a more expedient solution to explore the raw materials. It can happen. With a sound frequency resonator around 21-40 KHz, or other shredding or by colloid chemical method. The microbiological treatment described in the previous point can then take place.

Fourth intervention. Increasing the energy yield of biogas production by utilizing waste heat

Manure, bio-waste, or particle size reduction as described in the previous section, or feedstock prepared by colloidal chemical treatment enters the reactor. Microbiological and anaerobic digestion proved to be a good solution, and it can also be performed here. The reactor temperature is controlled via the heat exchanger. Organic storage tanks and reactors are mostly made of concrete and embedded in the ground for better temperature maintenance. A novelty here is that about 40% of the waste heat generated was used for the drying required for the production of the microbiological intermediate. The produced biogas can be stored in a gas tank.

Fifth intervention: The gas formed is first cleaned, the amount of unsuitable gas is burned on the torch. If the dioxin contamination of the gas is higher than specified, it should be bubbled through a bacterial scrubber. The bacterium we suggest, e.g. Gemma-1 is a microbiological preparation. Most of the gas is used by the gas-fired thermal power plant, which typically generates electricity with either a gas engine or a gas turbine using the CHP process, and the remaining heat is returned to the biogas in the form of process steam. It is mentioned here that, according to the fourth intervention, the utilization of the residual heat or waste heat can also be the drying of the dewatered sewage sludge.

Here, it generates heating heat and domestic hot water through heat exchangers.

/ I would be 3. /

The steam returned to the technology performs:

- Heating of buildings,

- Operation of a binding system (trigeneration-absorption binding),

- Thermal control of reactors,

- Heating of hygienic tanks.

-Drying of dewatered sewage sludge,

-Referred residue drying.

So, we have described above the five points where we intervened in biogas production to increase yield.

Possible specific, advantageous applications of the solution according to the invention:

Establishment of a family biogas power plant and energy farm

As one of our target groups is family biogas power plants, experience has shown that it is worthwhile for farmers to set up a biogas energy supply if - they have at least 10 cows - adequate storage space for slurry and fermented manure,

- at least 75% of the manure production may be replaced by slurry / if not available, with municipal sewage sludge,

- we can obtain an organic product that can be mixed with the slurry,

- the manure released can be used on his own farm or the user family farm is willing to produce or manufacture a microbiological product,

- or subjectes the manure to microbiological treatment to produce a product

- uses most of its own electricity and heat needs itself (eg pig and poultry farming, horticulture) or for microbiological treatment (either drying of sewage sludge or drying of fermented residues, etc.)>

An important aspect is that electricity transmission must be economical in a biogas plant even without state support.

- Another target group is larger biogas plants, so-called. creation of energy farms where: slurry and other agricultural and organic waste are brought together by several farms, the biogas plant is jointly maintained and receives heat and electricity, and the fermented, microbiologically treated manure is distributed.

- Another suitable application and target group is to increase the energy efficiency of existing or established biogas plants operating with insufficient efficiency.

Specific application examples:

As an example, according to the information available to us, the annual maintenance cost of a wastewater treatment plant in a city of 100,000 inhabitants is approx. HUF 100 million. resulting from emission reductions, etc.

In the case of connecting our alternative land production unit to an existing biogas power plant, there is an additional possibility. also to optimize biogas production. As such, the first intervention is fermentation! by utilizing the residue, by purifying the brown juice, by improving the efficiency of biogas extraction, eg by utilizing the waste heat, which can be used to dry the fermented residue, by reducing the maintenance and costs.

Another advantage is that a so-called the establishment of an environmental improvement business line, which would be established primarily for the development, production and sale of products important for environmental protection - in their official name: microbiological soil · and plant conditioning compositions - product training.

Summary

The yield of biogas can be increased by • shredding the raw materials, ie by reducing the particle size, which can be at a sound frequency around 21-40 KHz or other shredding !, in a colloidal chemical way,

- Wetting of raw materials with sewage sludge and slurry.

- Optimization of the composition of the raw materials in a targeted manner, ie we introduce enough mass from each raw material to theoretically produce almost the same amount of biogas from them. / The microbiological load must always be the same./

- Mixing of raw materials with several strains of microorganism preparations, e.g. With a microbiological preparation fermented by Gemma-1 / or other lactic acid bacteria.

- Choosing a favorable fermentor size to reduce fermentation time.

- Technological step for the utilization of waste heat, eg for the drying of dewatered sewage sludge, for the drying of fermented residues.

- Technological step; by forming the product as described above / esedrMv, síabitizúkh ·.

- Technological step: gas purification for dioxin contamination in Gemma-1 resp. by washing with a solution containing the micro-organism,

- Soil formation, production and maintenance of alternative land for Gemma-1 and / or other milk fermentation processes! made with microorganisms.

The microcaganizmns composite used is a Gemma-1 multi-strain microorganism as defined above.

An important application for the present invention is that hundreds of millions of people on Earth are currently starving, although this could be prevented by the development of global topsoil and global agriculture based on environmental protection.

The products created by the process of the present invention are:

Utilization of biogas fermentation residues:

Λ One of the biggest problems of biogas plants built on wastewater treatment plants is that the residual material may contain high levels of heavy metal gold, so it is not suitable for use directly in food-producing agriculture. Currently, this residue is discharged into summer groves or energy crops or is often deposited in landfills. The problem with the first solution is that the soil becomes saturated after a while, but the same is true for landfills, see the example of Szolnok, ie landfills, for the use of which high fees have to be paid, are full and cannot receive additional material. Anyway, this is not a professional solution, just a superficial treatment and postponement of the problem.

Product I: The essence of our process is that the fermentation residue is stabilized by microbiological lag after drying according to the technology according to the invention.

You2: If the heavy metal contamination of the product according to the invention is higher than required, it is said to be diluted to a suitable degree with a natural mineral. Examples include alginium, rhyolite tuff, bentonite and other clay minerals, and the like. local according to the area, (See reference in the prior art: A threestage system to remove mercury and dioxins in flue gases ”)

I would do: purified water formed by the Ax process, which is a technological medium, which is suitable for either irrigation or industrial use,

Practical issues arising during the utilization of the process and products according to the invention:

The C (carbon) cycle in nature is of paramount importance.

The high carbon content is characterized by the dried material previously produced by the process according to the invention, which has a calorific value corresponding to medium lignite (about 15-17 MJ / kg) (i.e. at least 3500 keal / kg). This is very important in the carbon cycle.

As is well known, the result of civilization is that the balance of the C, i.e., carbon cycle, is upset. The use of fossil fuels has led to some of the carbon being released into the atmosphere in the form of CO 2 (carbon dioxide) and, even more dangerous, to an increase in the CH4 content of the atmosphere, ie methane. In addition, an even more burning problem is that the proportion of lighter isotopes C (carbon) and O (oxygen) leaving the atmosphere during fossil fuel combustion is increasing. This can result in it entering the higher layers of the atmosphere, the stratosphere, and there, so to speak, damaging the continuity of the barrier layer.

Our present patent does not cover the classification of the products of the present invention for agricultural purposes. Since the microorganism used for the process itself has yield-enhancing and stock-improving properties based on the composition, it also satisfies this criterion.

Laboratory tests have given encouraging results, as in the case of inoculation with a germ count of ^{10 7, a germ count value of 10 9} was obtained, which means that the value of microorganisms applied to the surface increased a hundredfold.

A favorable feature of the dried and microbiologically stabilized material is that it has a humus content of over 27% (high buffering capacity), which plays a significant role in improving the soil structure and establishing an ideal pH.

The Product 1 and Product 2 end products produced by the process of the present invention were also excellent for improving unstructured soils, such as sandy soils, so some Middle Eastern countries, such as Turkey, Egypt, etc., may already be of paramount importance. for the production of topsoil, i.e. alternative fold production.

In our view, the creation of arable land provides a solution to problems such as the wave of immigration in Africa, which is a burning issue today in order to eliminate migration.

The market value of the microbiologically treated residual material obtained from the fermented biomass can be estimated at HUF 30,000 / tonne. According to laboratory tests, I tons of material in the content of P (phosphorus) and K (potassium) corresponds to 7-8 tons of mature manure, only the content of N (nitrogen) is less.

The replenishment of the N (nitrogen) content was solved by the sequential microbiological treatment of the so-called alternative soil with 80 bacterial bacteria from the fixation of the nitrogen in the air.

Alternative soil can be well stored, handled and sprayed with a fertilizer spreader.

An important part of the technology is the sludge dryer.

Sludge drying has the following advantages:

- weight loss of more than 70%,

- waste removal! cost reduction,

- making the sludge hygienic.

Additional application possibilities

The gas product of the decomposition of sewage sludge is sludge gas with a composition similar to biogas. Equipment for biogas production includes biogas generators and gas wells installed in organic landfills. Biogas can be used for energy purposes (eg heating) after removal of water content (condensation) and gas purification (removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide).

Biogas developed from pig slurry similar to that obtained from sewage sludge, with a heat of combustion of approx. 23,000 kJ / m ^j .

Mud gas is formed spontaneously and even ignites in swamps, bogs (sunlight), (Book of Moses) manure piles, garbage dumps.

The raw material for biogas can be municipal waste, agricultural or forestry by-products. 60-300 m ^{J of} biogas can be produced from one m ^{3 of municipal waste.} The fermented manure left over after the biogas development and the residue are treated as described, so that it becomes a complete, well-managed, odorless material that can be used well for fertilizing gardens and parks.

During the formation of biogas, pathogenic organisms are destroyed, which is very important from the point of view of public health. The remaining material, incorrectly called compost, preserves all valuable minerals and can be used as an excellent organic fertilizer.

Our plans include targeting family-sized biogas production in Hungary, similarly to China and India. It is estimated that 7.2 million of the approximately 9 million biogas producers in the world are in China. Biogas can be an important basis for the energy source of the future, which can be extremely environmentally friendly and can play an important role in organic agriculture (eg organic manure replacement), (source: Environmental Lexicon)

The advantage of the solution according to the invention is that our present solution differs from the already known solutions in that by treating the fermented residue in the manner according to the invention and subjecting it to microbiological treatment, in addition to biogas, an agriculturally usable product, alternative soil is formed.

Residual heat or waste heat generated during the production of biogas is used for the production and drying of the generated products. About 40% recovery is most appropriate. From the raw materials pretreated according to the process of the invention, the biogas yield increases significantly, depending on the feedstock, and an increase in gas yield, possibly 6-9%, is already a significant result.

According to the method of the invention, if dioxin remains from the kitchen and agricultural waste feedstock in the biogas, its amount can be significantly reduced by a microbiological method, in particular by our preferred Gemma-1 microbiological composition.

According to the process of the invention, the usual 1 and II. Microbiological treatment of brown juice produced during the production of second-generation biogas may result in the classification of this substance as a non-hazardous substance. It can later be classified as a product for agricultural placement.

According to the method of the invention, if it is. utilized residue is utilized, topsoil formation, production and maintenance of alternative soil with microorganisms prepared by Gemma-1 and / or other milk fermentation process.

Claims (10)

Patent i Claim pen case 1. A process for the co-processing of municipal waste and agricultural and / or slaughterhouse waste to produce biogas and fermentation residues, comprising the steps of: (a) mixing of municipal waste with agricultural waste and, where appropriate, slaughterhouse waste, resulting in a mixed waste feedstock, where the proportion of municipal waste to agricultural waste and / or slaughterhouse waste can influence the composition and calorific value of biogas b) preparing the mixed waste feedstock in step a), wherein the mixed waste feedstock is comminuted by physical methods, wherein the comminution by physical methods is performed with a sonic resonator at a frequency of about 21-40 KHz or a known colloid chemical method to obtain colloidal sized particles, c) fermentation of the mixed waste feedstock prepared in step b) under anaerobic conditions in an acid medium in a reactor to produce biogas and fermentation residue, d) purification of the biogas produced as a result of the fermentation process, in which bacteria bubbled through a scrubber, resulting in a clean biogas stream, (e) discharging the pure biogas stream from step (d) for further recovery; and f) removing the fermentation residue from step c) from the reactor for further use, g) optionally, the heat generated in step c) and / or the biogas discharged in step e) is burned in a gas engine and the heat thus generated is used for drying residential and / or intermediate products. characterized in that step c) is carried out at a temperature of 30-70 ° 0 for 5-10 days using a microbiological composition, wherein the microbiological composition is present in a volume ratio of 1: 1-1: 1000, in particular 1: 250, preferably. 1: 500, more preferably 1: 1000 by volume, for the fermentation of the mixed waste feedstock, and the microbiological composition contains the following per 100 weight units: - 3 parts by weight of Síreptomicex al / ws, RÍ & fdbpsemiof / WMS sphtieroides, LaetóbűciHus pkmiamm, Rr ^ íombíicterí ^^^ Sírepfococcus lacíis, Aspergillus vryzae, 1.0% by weight of an aqueous suspension containing a mixture of microorganisms of Mucr> f htemalís, Sacchan> myc # s cerivisae, Ctmifafa uiilis, with a total germ count of at least 1,20x10 ⁷ CFU / ml and a fungal count of at least 9,7x10 ⁷ / ml and the number of microfungi is at least 3,51x10 'pcs / ml, - 3 parts by weight of molasses, - Dried fermentation of 4 parts by weight of dried lignite-like material and / or biogas! residue - the remainder is water, A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the process further comprises pre-fermenting the mixed waste feedstock prepared in step b) prior to step c) and drying the fermentation residue. The process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the process further comprises drying the fermentation residue. A dry fermentation residue obtainable by the process according to claim 3 and having a photovoltaic value of 15 to 17 MJ / kg. The process according to claim 3, characterized in that the process further comprises microbiologically stabilizing the dry fermentation residue with the microorganisms obtained by the microorganism composition and / or the milk fermentation process according to step 1 c). A microbiologically stabilized material obtainable by the process according to claim 5, having a germ count of one hundred times the germ count of the dry fermentation residue and a humus content of more than 27%. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising diluting the microbiologically stabilized material with an agricultural slurry carrier, a municipal sewage sludge carrier, a biomass carrier of agricultural origin, peat, zeolite, alginite, a mixture of minerals, surface water sediment, plant with an agriculturally acceptable carrier selected from stem residues, water, combustion products such as ash and slag, bentonite, and mixtures thereof in any proportion. An alternative fold comprising the microbiologically stabilized material of claim 6 and an agriculturally acceptable carrier. Use of a microbiological composition for fermenting mixed waste feedstocks, microbiologically stabilizing dry fermentation residue and / or increasing the methane content of biogas, wherein the microbiological composition is selected from the group consisting of Streptomices albus, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Propionibacterium freudenre, It contains a 1.0% by weight aqueous suspension containing a mixture of Streptococcus lactis, Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor hiemalis, Saccharomyces cerivisae and Candida utilis. Use of an alternative fold according to claim 8 as a soil improver.