Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
  • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
  • B01D2252/103—Water
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
  • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
  • B01D2252/204—Amines
  • B01D2252/20405—Monoamines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
  • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
  • B01D2252/204—Amines
  • B01D2252/20421—Primary amines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
  • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
  • B01D2252/204—Amines
  • B01D2252/20478—Alkanolamines
  • B01D2252/20484—Alkanolamines with one hydroxyl group
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
  • B01D2252/30—Ionic liquids and zwitter-ions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
  • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
  • B01D2258/05—Biogas

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the physical absorption (solution) of gases in liquids, a device for carrying out the process and the use of this device.
• the full amount of carbon dioxide is compressed to the final pressure.
• the compressed carbon dioxide is then injected into the water.
• absorbent for example, pressurized water wash. But even in this case, the compression of the entire raw gas takes place almost isentropically in a compressor before entering the absorber.
• WO 2014/02396 A1 describes an apparatus for absorbing gases from biogases in liquids.
• a liquid is pumped at high pressure into a pressure vessel with the gas to be absorbed.
• the volume available to the gas to be absorbed is reduced.
• US 2007/0151528 A1 describes a reciprocating compressor in which a liquid is sprayed under a certain pressure and temperature so that the droplets in the compression chamber explode.
• the compression follows one or two stages to 7 - 15 bar and the heating gas is then cooled.
• Components of the gas treatment plant are a multi-stage compressor, an absorption column, a carbon dioxide expansion column, a CO2 gonorrhea column and a gas dryer. This method thus relates solely to the purification of biogas, with methane to be purified from other ingredients. As in all prior art processes, in this case too, the entire gaseous fluid to be absorbed is compressed almost isentropically. ,
• the object of the present invention is to drastically reduce the energy expenditure (compression work) which is required in the prior art in the physical absorption of gaseous in liquid fluids.
• dissolving / dissolving gases in liquids and “physical absorption” are used equivalently.
• dissolving gases in liquids there is no chemical change and / or reaction of the so-absorbing gas or gases to be dissolved.
• the term “almost” means, for example, “almost isothermal” or "the amount of gas gas almost reaches the saturation gas quantity at the final pressure” means that the corresponding value is exactly reached, or a value within a deviation interval of at most 20%, ie a value which differs from the theoretical, to be reached value by a maximum of 20%, preferably only 10%, particularly preferably only 5%, in particular only 3% deviates.
• the temperature remains constant, or remains almost constant, that is, a temperature which is at most 20%, preferably only 10%, particularly preferably 5%, in particular 3% of the isotherms differs.
• the absorbed gas quantity corresponds exactly to the saturation gas quantity at the final pressure, or in one alternative it corresponds almost, ie the absorbed gas quantity deviates by a maximum of 20% from the saturation gas quantity at the final pressure, preferably only 10%, particularly preferably 5% and in particular 3%.
• This object is achieved by a method for absorption in liquids, in which the gas to be absorbed is compressed, the liquid is added in the form of drops during compression in the gas, wherein the compression pressure is continuously increased to the desired final pressure.
• the invention further provides an apparatus for carrying out this method, in which a compressor for reducing the volume of gas and a device for the import of liquid in the form of drops for the purpose of absorption of the gas and receiving the heat of compression is used.
• the basic idea of the present invention is the simultaneous absorption and isothermal compression of gas.
• the method according to the invention it is achieved that the heat generated during compression absorbed by the liquid and the gas is absorbed at the same time.
• a separate device for cooling can be saved with it.
• not all of the amount of gaseous fluid to be absorbed is compressed to the desired final pressure, since absorption occurs during the process and thus the amount of gaseous fluid to be compressed progressively decreases. Upon reaching the final pressure, the entire amount of gas is absorbed in the liquid.
• the final pressure depends on the solubility coefficient and the amount of substance of the gas to be dissolved in the liquid and can be determined by the Henry-Dalton law.
• a liquid is selected from the group consisting of water, organic solvents, ionic liquids, monoethanolamine (MEA) or amines or mixtures thereof.
• liquid can preferably be water be used.
• a mixture of MEA and at least one ionic liquid is used.
• the liquid according to the invention is in the form of drops, e.g. injected in the form of sprays in the absorption zone.
• the size of the drops is between 0.1 and 200 ⁇ , preferably 0.5-150 ⁇ , more preferably 1 -100 ⁇ .
• gases such as CO2, such as methane, hydrogen sulfide or mixtures, such as raw biogas can be used.
• synthesis gases from the reforming are used containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and optionally also carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane and other components.
• gas mixtures are used, preferably mixtures of the abovementioned gases.
• the gas used is preferably carbon dioxide.
• the maximum amount of gas to be dissolved corresponds to the saturation concentration at the final pressure, which can be calculated according to the Henry-Dalton law.
• the process according to the invention is carried out in a device which has a compressor for reducing the gas volume and a device for introducing liquid in the form of drops for the purpose of absorbing the gas.
• the compression pressure is increased by a reduction in volume of the device in which the absorption takes place. There is a nearly isothermal compression of the gas to be absorbed.
• the reduction in the volume of the device thus leads to an increase in the compression pressure inside the device.
• the compression of the absorbent gaseous fluid essentially takes place (ie the majority of the total compression, at least more than 50% of the total compression, preferably 60%, 70%, particularly preferably 80%, 90%, in particular 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95% or more) by reducing the volume of the device, or the vessel in which the gaseous fluid to be absorbed is located.
• Another component of the compression is the reduction in the volume available to the gaseous fluid to be absorbed, namely by the presence of the absorption fluid, ie the liquid in which the gaseous fluid is dissolved.
• the device has a pressure vessel with movable boundary. This may preferably be a reciprocating compressor.
• the simultaneous absorption and isothermal compression of the gas is realized by filling a pressure vessel with movable boundary.
• a pressure vessel with movable boundary.
• This boiler is filled with the amount of gas to be absorbed.
• the absorbent serving as liquid is in the form of drops, e.g. injected by spraying into the pressure vessel.
• the pressure in the vessel is increased by the movement of the boundary, e.g. of the piston, increased.
• the compression process is therefore called isothermal. Since gas is constantly dissolved in the liquid during the compression process and thus permanently reduces the amount of gas that is not absorbed, the amount of gas that is compressed to final pressure is less than the total amount of gas that is to be dissolved in the liquid. Since in the proposed invention (i) the compression is isothermal and (ii) not the entire amount of gas to be dissolved is compressed to the final pressure, the Energy expenditure for compression compared to the prior art in about halved, preferably by 40 - 60%, if the gas to be compressed is completely dissolved. This is possible in particular if only one gas is present, that is to say no gas mixtures which are to be dissolved in the liquid and compressed. The energy saving refers to the isentropic compression.
• the amount of gas that is compressed to the final pressure is much smaller in the present invention than in the conventional art. That the present invention special simultaneous compression and absorption of gas offers significant advantages over the prior art.
• the device according to the invention and the method carried out in it are used for energy-efficient, complete dissolution of gases in liquids.
• the maximum energy savings In an alternative, the use for gas separation by means of physical laundry.
• the use of the method for gas separation is suitable for the separation of gases, in particular carbon dioxide.
• FIG. 1 shows a piston compressor 1 is shown schematically. This consists of a pressure vessel 5 and a piston 2,6. The piston 2,6 is inserted by the distance 7 in the pressure vessel 5.
• the pressure vessel 5 shown in FIG. 1 contains the gas phase 3 and the aqueous phase 4 in the form of drops.
• the pressure is in the form of Figure 1 at 1 bar, ie at atmospheric pressure.
• the pressure vessel 5 is compressed by means of the piston 2.6.
• the piston 2,6 is inserted by the distance 8 in the pressure vessel 5.
• water is continuously added to the gas 2 in the form of drops 4. In the stage shown in Figure 2, the liquid drops have almost completely absorbed the gas.

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Citations (10)

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• 2016
  • 2016-02-29 DE DE102016103554.8A patent/DE102016103554A1/de active Pending
• 2017
  • 2017-02-28 WO PCT/EP2017/054627 patent/WO2017148935A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2017-02-28 EP EP17719489.1A patent/EP3423171B1/de active Active

Patent Citations (10)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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