WO2017143051A1 - Système de charge de véhicule électrique et procédés d'utilisation - Google Patents

Système de charge de véhicule électrique et procédés d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017143051A1
WO2017143051A1 PCT/US2017/018153 US2017018153W WO2017143051A1 WO 2017143051 A1 WO2017143051 A1 WO 2017143051A1 US 2017018153 W US2017018153 W US 2017018153W WO 2017143051 A1 WO2017143051 A1 WO 2017143051A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
charging system
electric vehicle
battery module
charging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/018153
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Farah BRUNACHE
Original Assignee
Electric Feel, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electric Feel, Llc filed Critical Electric Feel, Llc
Publication of WO2017143051A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017143051A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/006—Converting flow of air into electric energy, e.g. by using wind turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric vehicle charging systems and methods of use.
  • the present invention relates to portable, hand-held charging systems and their methods of use to charge an on-board battery of an electric vehicle and/or to provide power to an electric vehicle.
  • a subject electric vehicle charging system includes a battery module, a power input component, a power output component, and at least one AC/DC power converter that is configured to convert AC power to DC power.
  • Electric vehicle usage is currently limited by several issues. These include, but are not limited to: 1) a general lack of workplace and public charging infrastructure that is sufficient to reliably re-charge an electric vehicle; 2) in-home charging systems are expensive, can require permitting for installation, or may be prohibited in certain residences (e.g., in rental housing); 3) charging stations suffer from frequent malfunctions and periods of unavailability (such as when other electric vehicles are actively charging), making them unreliable for vehicle re-charging on a consistent basis; and 4) the costs associated with most public charging infrastructure are equivalent to gas prices due to high premiums set by operators, or are prohibitively expensive to the average electric vehicle owner, thus discouraging everyday use by electric vehicle owners.
  • the current invention provides charging systems that eliminate reliance on public
  • the current invention provides electric vehicle drivers with an alternative source of power that can be used in situations where charging stations are difficult to find, or are unavailable (e.g., due to malfunctioning equipment, or due to use of equipment by other electric vehicle owners).
  • aspects of the invention include a charging system for an electric vehicle, the charging system comprising a battery module; a power input component; a power output component; and at least one AC/DC power converter configured to convert AC power to DC power.
  • the charging system further comprises a DC to DC power converter.
  • the DC to DC power converter comprises a step-up DC to DC power converter.
  • the DC to DC power converter comprises a step-down DC to DC power converter.
  • the AC/DC power converter is a bi-directional AC/DC power converter that is configured to convert AC power to DC power, and to convert DC power to AC power.
  • the battery module comprises one or more individual batteries, and is configured to operably connect each of the one or more individual batteries to the charging system.
  • the battery module of the charging system has an energy storage capacity that ranges from 10% to 50% of the energy storage capacity of an onboard battery of the electric vehicle.
  • the charging system is a portable, hand-held charging system.
  • the charging system further comprises an alternative energy
  • the alternative energy power input component comprises a solar power generation component.
  • the solar power generation system comprises one or more solar panels.
  • the alternative energy power input component comprises a wind power generation component.
  • the alternative energy power input component comprises a manual power generation component.
  • the manual power generation component comprises a hand crank.
  • the alternative energy power input component comprises a fuel cell component.
  • the charging system further comprises an internal temperature sensor. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a tilt sensor. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a motion sensor. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a light sensor. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises an external temperature sensor.
  • the charging system further comprises a charge controller. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a power flow sensor. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a power conversion circuit. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a wireless communication component.
  • the charging system is configured for remote operation. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises an external indicator component. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a moisture sensor. In some embodiments, the charging system is configured for load sharing.
  • the charging system further comprises an input selector. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises an output selector. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises an AC power outlet (or AC connector). In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a DC power outlet (or DC connector). In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises a housing. In some embodiments, the charging system further comprises at least one electrical cord.
  • aspects of the invention include a method for charging an on-board battery of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: connecting an AC power source to an electric vehicle charging system, wherein the electric vehicle charging system comprises: a battery module; a power input component; a power output component; and at least one AC/DC power converter configured to convert AC power to DC power; converting AC power from the AC power source into DC power using the AC/DC converter; transferring the DC power to the battery module to charge the battery module; connecting the battery module to the on-board battery of the electric vehicle; and transferring DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the on-board battery of the electric vehicle to charge the battery of the electric vehicle.
  • aspects of the invention include a method for providing power to an electric vehicle, the method comprising: connecting an AC power source to an electric vehicle charging system, wherein the electric vehicle charging system comprises: a battery module; a power input component; a power output component; and at least one AC/DC power converter configured to convert AC power to DC power; converting AC power from the AC power source to DC power using the AC/DC converter; transferring the DC power to the battery module to charge the battery module; connecting the battery module to the electric vehicle; and transferring DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the electric vehicle to power the electric vehicle.
  • aspects of the invention include a method for charging an on-board battery of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: connecting a DC power source to an electric vehicle charging system, wherein the electric vehicle charging system comprises: a battery module; a power input component; a power output component; and at least one AC/DC power converter configured to convert AC power to DC power; transferring the DC power to the battery module to charge the battery module; connecting the battery module to the on-board battery of the electric vehicle; and transferring DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the on-board battery of the electric vehicle to charge the on-board battery of the electric vehicle.
  • aspects of the invention include a method for providing power to one or more auxiliary electrical components of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: connecting a DC power output of a system according to claim 1 to one or more auxiliary electrical components of the electric vehicle; and transferring DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the auxiliary electrical component of the electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of a subject charging system that is electrically connected to a plurality of solar panels, and is also electrically connected to an electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is another illustration of a subject charging system that is electrically connected to a plurality of solar panels, and is also electrically connected to an electric vehicle.
  • the solar panels are foldable solar panels that have been extended.
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of a subject charging system and an electrical cord.
  • the depicted charging system comprises a plurality of foldable solar panels that are folded for storage.
  • the depicted charging system and electrical cord are stored in the rear area of an electric vehicle.
  • FIGS. 4-14 provide results from a survey of electric vehicle owners on a variety of topics. The survey was conducted nationally in the US with over 500 participants. Of the 500 participants, 18 were selected to answer questions relating to electric vehicle ownership issues and driving behaviors.
  • dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed.
  • the term "electric vehicle” as used herein refers to a vehicle that is capable of
  • the term "electric vehicle” broadly includes vehicles that are solely powered by electricity, as well as hybrid electric vehicles that are partially powered by electricity and partially powered by, e.g., fossil fuel engines (e.g., gasoline engines), fuel cells, etc.
  • on-board battery refers to a battery component of an electric vehicle that is physically coupled to the electric vehicle and that is intended to remain electrically connected to the electric vehicle during its operation.
  • alternative energy refers to energy that is derived from a
  • Non-limiting examples of alternative energy sources include solar, wind, and fuel cell energy sources.
  • Charge controllers in accordance with embodiments of the invention can be stand-alone components, or can be integrated into control circuitry within a battery module.
  • power flow sensor refers to a sensor that is configured to
  • Non-limiting examples of power flow sensors include sensors that are configured to detect the direction and magnitude of DC power that is moving through a system (e.g., the direction and magnitude of DC power that is being transferred from a battery module of a subject charging system to an on-board battery of an electric vehicle).
  • power conversion circuit and “power converter” as used interchangeably herein, refer to an electrical or electro-mechanical component that is configured to covert electrical energy from one form to another.
  • electrical energy conversion include: converting between AC and DC, changing a voltage, or changing a frequency of an AC current.
  • load sharing and “load balancing,” as used interchangeably herein, refer to the ability of a subject charging system to simultaneously store energy in a battery module as well as provide power to an electric vehicle for purposes of operating the vehicle and/or one or more auxiliary electrical components.
  • load sharing refers to simultaneously connecting a plurality of separate charging systems to the same electric vehicle to store and/or transfer energy, thereby establishing a redundant power supply.
  • auxiliary electrical component refers to a component that requires electricity to operate, but is not required to be operational in order to operate an electric vehicle.
  • auxiliary electrical components include audio systems (e.g., radios, speakers); navigation systems; window defrosters (e.g., windshield, rear window defrosters); head, tail and interior lights, and the like.
  • a hand-held item refers to an item that is design to be held and/or carried by a user's hand.
  • a hand-held item comprises a strap or handle that can be easily grasped by a user in order to carry the item.
  • a subject electric vehicle charging system includes a battery module, a power input component, a power output component, and at least one AC/DC power converter that is configured to convert AC power to DC power.
  • a battery module includes a battery module, a power input component, a power output component, and at least one AC/DC power converter that is configured to convert AC power to DC power.
  • a subject charging system is a portable, hand-held charging system that can be easily carried by a user.
  • a portable, hand-held electric vehicle charging system has a weight that ranges from about 5 to about 50 pounds, and can be lifted and transported by an average adult.
  • Battery Module :
  • a charging system that comprises one or more battery modules.
  • Battery modules for electric vehicles generally incorporate a combination of mechanical and electrical components and systems that are configured to store electrical energy and transfer the electrical energy to the EV as needed.
  • Charging systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention are configured to utilize any suitable number of battery modules while maintaining the portability of the charging system (i.e., the ability to be easily carried or transported by an average adult human).
  • a subject charging system comprises a number of battery modules that ranges from 1 to about 25, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24 battery modules.
  • a battery module of a subject charging system is configured to provide an energy storage capacity that is less than the storage capacity of the EV's on-board battery.
  • a battery module of a subject charging system is configured to provide from about 10% to about 50%> of the energy storage capacity of an EV's on-board battery.
  • a battery module of a subject charging system is configured to provide about 15%>, about 20%>, about 25%>, about 30%>, about 35%>, about 40%>, or about 45%o of the energy storage capacity of an EV's on-board battery.
  • Battery modules in accordance with embodiments of the invention can utilize any of
  • suitable chemistry including but not limited to: lead-acid, nickel metal hydride, sodium, lithium-ion chemistry, or any combination thereof.
  • Battery modules in accordance with embodiments of the invention can have any suitable physical shape and size.
  • a battery module comprises a plurality of individual batteries, or cells, that are connected in series and/or parallel to achieve the total voltage and current requirements of the battery module.
  • a battery module comprises a number of individual batteries that ranges from 1 to 25, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24 individual batteries.
  • one or more of the individual batteries are rechargeable.
  • a battery module is configured to charge one or more individual batteries when the battery module is electrically connected to a power source (e.g., via an electrical cord).
  • a battery module is configured for wireless charging, wherein the battery module is positioned adjacent to (e.g., on top of) a charging stand, and power is wirelessly transferred from the charging stand to the battery module to charge one or more individual batteries.
  • a wireless charging stand is connected to a standard electrical outlet.
  • one or more battery modules are configured to be removably coupled to a subject charging system, such that a user can remove and replace the one or more battery modules (e.g., to repair or replace a battery module, to separately charge an individual battery module, etc.).
  • one or more individual batteries within a battery module are configured to be removably coupled to the battery module, such that a user can remove and replace the one or more individual batteries (e.g., to repair or replace an individual battery, to separately charge an individual battery, etc.).
  • a battery module can include one or more cooling mechanisms, temperature monitors, and/or other controlling or monitoring components.
  • cooling mechanisms temperature monitors, and/or other controlling or monitoring components.
  • a battery module includes a battery management system (BMS) that is configured to monitor one or more electrical characteristics (e.g., voltage production) of each individual battery in the battery module.
  • BMS battery management system
  • a battery module includes a main fuse that limits the current of the module under a short circuit condition.
  • a battery module can contain one or more relays, or contactors, which control the distribution of the battery module's electrical power to one or more output terminals.
  • a battery module includes two main relays that connect the battery module to the main positive and negative output terminals, which supply high current to the electrical drive motor of the EV.
  • a battery module includes alternate current paths for pre-charging the drive system through a pre-charge resistor, or for powering one or more auxiliary components (e.g., an auxiliary buss component) that can also have their own associated control relays.
  • auxiliary components e.g., an auxiliary buss component
  • a battery module contains a variety of temperature, voltage, and/or current sensors.
  • collection of data from the battery module sensors, and/or activation of the battery module relays, can be accomplished using a BMS.
  • the BMS can be used to manage communication between the battery module and one or more additional components or systems.
  • a battery module comprises a plurality of individual, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
  • a subject charging system comprises 5 battery modules, each containing 10 individual batteries.
  • a subject charging system comprises 6 battery modules, each containing 10 individual batteries.
  • a subject charging system comprises 7 battery modules, each containing 10 individual batteries.
  • a subject charging system comprises 8 battery modules, each containing 10 individual batteries.
  • a subject charging system comprises 5 battery modules, each containing 35 individual batteries.
  • a subject charging system comprises 6 battery modules, each containing 35 individual batteries.
  • a subject charging system comprises 7 battery modules, each containing 35 individual batteries.
  • a subject charging system comprises 8 battery modules, each containing 35 individual batteries.
  • aspects of the invention include a charging system that comprises a power input
  • a power input component is configured to connect to an AC power source and to transfer AC power between two
  • a power input component is configured to transfer AC power from an AC power source to an AC/DC converter, described further herein.
  • a power input component comprises a National Electrical Manufacturers
  • NEMA AC input cable which may optionally comprise one or more adaptors.
  • a NEMA AC input cable is rated for between 2 to 10 kW.
  • a NEMA AC input cable is rated for at least about 10 kW or more.
  • a power input component comprises an SAE J1722 (IEC Type 1) AC input component, which can be used with standard electric vehicle equipment.
  • a power output component is configured to connect to a DC
  • a power output component is configured to transfer DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the battery of the electric vehicle to charge the battery of the electric vehicle. In some embodiments, a power output component is configured to transfer DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the electric drive motor of the electric vehicle. In some embodiments, a power output component comprises an SAE J 1772 Type 1 DC output cable.
  • a subject electric vehicle charging system comprises an AC output component that is configured to provide AC power to an external component. In certain embodiments, an AC output component comprises a EMA AC output cable.
  • a power input or output component comprises a transformer that is configured to reduce or increase the voltage of an alternating current that is running through the input or output component.
  • aspects of the invention include a charging system that comprises an AC/DC converter.
  • AC/DC converters in accordance with embodiments of the invention are configured to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
  • AC/DC converter is a bi-directional AC/DC converter that can convert AC to DC, and DC to AC, as desired.
  • a charging system that comprises a DC to DC power converter.
  • a DC to DC power converter is a step-up DC to DC power converter that steps up a voltage from an input (supply) to an output (load), while stepping down a current.
  • a DC to DC power converter is a step-down DC to DC power converter that steps down a voltage from an input (supply) to an output (load), while stepping up a current.
  • a DC to DC power converter is a switched-mode power supply that contains at least two semiconductors (a diode and a transistor) and at least one energy storage element: a capacitor, an inductor, or a combination thereof.
  • a DC to DC power converter is configured to meet one or more power requirements on an EV, such as, e.g., auxiliary electric loads, such as head, tail and interior lights, heating and air
  • aspects of the invention include alternative power inputs that can be used in
  • Solar power inputs generally include at least one solar panel that is configured to convert solar energy into electricity.
  • a solar panel is a portable solar panel.
  • a solar panel is flexible or foldable, and is configured to be stored in a collapsed or folded state when not in use.
  • Wind power inputs generally include at least one wind turbine that is configured to
  • a wind turbine is a portable wind turbine.
  • a wind turbine is flexible or foldable, and is configured to be stored in a collapsed or folded state when not in use.
  • Fuel cell power inputs are configured to convert chemical energy from a chemical
  • a fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell.
  • Manual power inputs are configured to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
  • a manual power input is a hand crank that is powered by an operator.
  • selectors that can optionally be included in a subject charging system in order to select from two or more different operating modes, or to switch between two or more different operating modes.
  • selectors include input selectors, output selectors, and power mode selectors.
  • a subject charging system can include an input selector that is configured to allow a user to select between an AC power input and a DC power input.
  • a subject charging system can include an output selector that is configured to allow a user to select between an AC power output and a DC power output.
  • a selector is a digital selector.
  • a digital selector is configured to automatically detect which type of electrical charging cord has been connected to the system, and to select an electricity output setting that corresponds to the type of electrical charging cord (e.g., an optimal power output based on the make of the electric vehicle whose charging cord has been connected to the system).
  • aspects of the invention include sensors that can optionally be included in a subject system in order to collect and utilize information relating to the system and/or its environment.
  • sensors that can be used in conjunction with the subject charging systems include: internal and external temperature sensors, tilt sensors, motion sensors, light sensors, power flow sensors, and moisture sensors.
  • aspects of the invention include a controller, processor and computer readable medium that are configured or adapted to control and/or operate one or more components of the subject systems.
  • a system includes a controller that is in communication with one or more components of the subject systems or sensors, as described herein, and is configured to control aspects of the systems and/or execute one or more operations or functions of the subject systems, e.g., to carry out one or more methods described herein.
  • a system includes a processor and a computer-readable medium, which may include memory media and/or storage media.
  • Apps and/or operating systems embodied as computer-readable instructions (or "firmware”, i.e., permanent software that is programmed into a read-only memory) on computer-readable memory can be executed by the processor to provide some or all of the functionalities described herein, including by not limited to, carrying out one or more of the method steps described herein, and/or acquiring and processing data obtained from the subject systems.
  • a system includes a user interface, such as a graphical user
  • GUI user interface
  • a GUI is configured to display data and/or information to a user.
  • a subject charging system can comprise a communication component that is configured to remotely operate subject charging system by turning the system on and initiating a charging procedure to charge the battery module of the charging system.
  • a subject charging system comprises a communication component that is configured for Internet-enabled operation of a subject charging system, wherein a user can remotely operate the charging system via the Internet by accessing a web page or smart phone application and entering one or more commands. The Internet-enabled communication component then receives the one or more commands from the user carries out the one or more commands.
  • aspects of the subject charging systems also include data exchange features, such as, e.g., USB ports, Ethernet ports, or other data ports that are configured to establish a connection that can be used to exchange/transmit data between two or more components of the system.
  • data exchange features such as, e.g., USB ports, Ethernet ports, or other data ports that are configured to establish a connection that can be used to exchange/transmit data between two or more components of the system.
  • aspects of the subject systems also include wireless transmission components, such as, e.g., Bluetooth or WiFi/3G components, that are configured to wirelessly transmit data between two or more components of the system.
  • a subject charging system comprises a plastic housing, and various components of the system are located within the housing.
  • Housings in accordance with embodiments of the invention can have any suitable dimensions.
  • a housing can have a square, rectangular, round or oval cross sectional shape.
  • a housing can have a width, a depth, and a height dimension.
  • a width dimension of a housing can range from about 6 inches up to about 24 inches, such as 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 inches.
  • a depth dimension of a housing can range from about 6 inches up to about 24 inches, such as 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 inches.
  • a height dimension of a housing can range from about 10 inches up to about 36 inches, such as 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, or 35 inches.
  • a housing can include one or more electrical outlets. Non-limiting examples of electrical outlets include AC outlets and DC outlets. In some embodiments, a housing can include one or more data ports. Non-limiting examples of data ports include Ethernet ports and USB ports. In some embodiments, a housing can include one or more electrical cords and/or cables. In certain embodiments, one or more electrical cords or cables can be integrated with the housing, such that they are not configured to be separated from the housing by a user. In some embodiments, an electrical cord or cable is configured to be freely attached and/or detached from the housing by a user. [0069] In some embodiments, a housing comprises one or more indicator components that are configured to communicate information about the subject charging system to a user.
  • a housing can comprise one or more visual indicator components, such as, e.g., one or more LED indicators that show, e.g., a mode of operation (e.g., charging mode) or, e.g., a charge status of the battery module of the charging system.
  • a mode of operation e.g., charging mode
  • a charge status of the battery module of the charging system e.g., a charge status of the battery module of the charging system.
  • a housing comprises one or more user input or control devices that are configured to receive an input from a user.
  • a housing can comprise, e.g., a power button that is configured to turn the charging system on and off; a charging mode button that is configured to place the charging system into one of a plurality of charging modes; a resent button that is configured to reset the charging system; or any combination thereof.
  • a power button that is configured to turn the charging system on and off
  • a charging mode button that is configured to place the charging system into one of a plurality of charging modes
  • a resent button that is configured to reset the charging system
  • a subject charging system is configured to couple to a charging receptacle in or on an electric vehicle.
  • Charging receptacles in accordance with embodiments of the invention can be located in any suitable location on an electric vehicle, such as, e.g., in the trunk of the electric vehicle, or in the interior of the electric vehicle (e.g., in the glove box of the electric vehicle, or on the floor of the electric vehicle in front of a passenger seat).
  • a subject charging system is configured to be electrically connected, or coupled, to the electrical system of the electric vehicle when the charging system is coupled to the charging receptacle.
  • a charging system is configured to wireless connect to the electrical system of the electric vehicle when the charging system is coupled to the charging receptacle, wherein an electrical cord is not required to connect the charging system to the electrical system of the electric vehicle.
  • the charging receptacle can comprise one or more electrical connectors that are configured to interface with one or more corresponding electrical connectors on the charging system to establish an electrical connection when the charging system is coupled to the charging receptacle.
  • a charging receptacle can comprise an electrical cord that is configured to electrically connect the charging system with the electrical system of the electric vehicle when the charging system is placed in the charging receptacle.
  • a charging receptacle is configured to at least partially contain, or restrain the movement of, a subject charging system, such that the charging system is held in place when the electric vehicle is operated.
  • a charging receptacle can comprise a locking mechanism that is configured to lock the charging system in place within the charging receptacle.
  • aspects of the invention include a method for charging an on-board battery of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: connecting an AC power source to an electric vehicle charging system, wherein the electric vehicle charging system comprises: a battery module; a power input component; a power output component; and at least one AC/DC power converter configured to convert AC power to DC power; converting AC power from the AC power source into DC power using the AC/DC converter; transferring the DC power to the battery module to charge the battery module; connecting the battery module to the on-board battery of the electric vehicle; and transferring DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the on-board battery of the electric vehicle to charge the on-board battery of the electric vehicle.
  • aspects of the invention include a method for providing power to an electric vehicle, the method comprising: connecting an AC power source to an electric vehicle charging system, wherein the electric vehicle charging system comprises: a battery module; a power input component; a power output component; and at least one AC/DC power converter configured to convert AC power to DC power; converting AC power from the AC power source to DC power using the AC/DC converter; transferring the DC power to the battery module to charge the battery module; connecting the battery module to the electric vehicle; and transferring DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the electric vehicle to power the electric vehicle.
  • aspects of the invention include a method for charging an on-board battery of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: connecting a DC power source to an electric vehicle charging system, wherein the electric vehicle charging system comprises: a battery module; a power input component; a power output component; and at least one AC/DC power converter configured to convert AC power to DC power; transferring DC power from the DC power source to the battery module to charge the battery module; connecting the battery module to the on-board battery of the electric vehicle; and transferring DC power from the battery module of the electric vehicle charging system to the on-board battery of the electric vehicle to charge the on-board battery of the electric vehicle.
  • aspects of the invention include a method for providing power to one or more auxiliary electrical components of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: connecting a DC power output of a subject charging system to an auxiliary electrical component of an electric vehicle, wherein the charging system comprises: a battery module; a power input component; a power output component; and at least one AC/DC power converter configured to convert AC power to DC power; transferring DC power from the battery module of the charging system to the one or more auxiliary components of the electric vehicle to power the one or more auxiliary electrical components of the electric vehicle without depleting the on-board battery of the electric vehicle.
  • Range anxiety One aspect of electric vehicle use is a phenomenon known as range anxiety.
  • anxiety is a fear that an electric vehicle will have insufficient range, or charge capacity in its onboard battery, to a reach the next destination at which charging equipment is available, thereby stranding the vehicle and its occupants in an undesired location. This phenomenon is considered to be one of the major barriers to large-scale adoption of all-electric vehicles by consumers. In addition to range anxiety, there is also a fear among electric vehicle owners that public charging equipment will not be sufficiently available (either because it is not functioning or because it is already in use) when it is needed to recharge an electric vehicle.
  • Tesla Motors implementing a new policy wherein EV owners would be charged for leaving their vehicles parked at a charging station after the charging process had been completed. See, e.g., https://medium.com/@loic/elon-musk-turns-a- tweet-into-reality-in-6-days-6189cl795a41#.46d65918b (last visited Feb. 14, 2017).
  • Tesla implemented a new feature in their EVs that allows owners to see how many spaces are available at a given charging station. This is further evidence that availability of public charging equipment for EVs is an ongoing concern. See, e.g.,
  • FIGS. 4-14 A survey of electric vehicle owners was conducted by the inventor, and the results are provided in FIGS. 4-14. Among other things, the results demonstrate that range anxiety remains a significant unmet need for electric vehicle owners. See FIGS. 8-12. Furthermore, the results of the survey indicate that a majority of electric vehicle owners are concerned that publicly available charging stations would be unavailable for use upon their arrival. See FIGS. 8-10. As such, there is an unmet need in the electric vehicle space for charging systems that can alleviate range anxiety and alleviate the concern that public charging facilities will not be available when they are needed by EV drivers.
  • the present invention addresses these and other needs by providing a charging system that can be used at home or at work by plugging it into a standard 110- 120V AC outlet. Furthermore, the present invention optionally includes alternative power inputs that can be used if and when standard electric power sources are unavailable or are insufficient to achieve a desired charge level.
  • Level 1 charging refers to a U.S. standard 110-120V AC charging outlet.
  • Level 1 charging is slow, typically requiring about 1 hour of charging time to replenish about 4.5 miles of vehicle range.
  • Level 2 charging refers to a 240V power supply that can charge an EV slightly faster than a level 1 charging station.
  • Level 2 charging typically requires about 1 hour of charging time to replenish about 70 miles of vehicle range.
  • level 3 (or "DC fast charging”) can replenish about 40 miles of vehicle range in about 10 minutes.
  • Publicly available charging stations provide either level 2 or level 3 charging equipment because of the desire to quickly replenish the entire energy storage capacity of an EV's on-board battery, or to "top off the storage capacity of an EV's on-board battery and bring it back to full charge.
  • EV charging solutions that combine a stand-alone battery module (one that is separate from the EV's on-board battery module) and an AC power input that provides slower charging capability. This is because of the desire by EV manufacturers to quickly recharge an EV's on-board battery using DC fast charging to minimize the amount of time required.
  • EV charging solutions that include a battery module (one that is separate from the EV's on-board battery module) that only provides a partial range for an electric vehicle (e.g., 10% to 50% of the range of the EV's on-board battery module).
  • a battery module one that is separate from the EV's on-board battery module
  • a partial range for an electric vehicle e.g. 10% to 50% of the range of the EV's on-board battery module
  • the results of the survey conducted by the inventor are contrary to this thinking, and indicate that there is consumer demand for a system with a battery module that can provide a range of 10% to 50% of the vehicle's on-board battery range while traveling inside the EV's mileage range.
  • the present invention addresses this and other needs by providing charging systems with a battery module that is capable of being charged by level 1 charging equipment, thereby providing the EV owner with a battery module that can used in situations where public charging equipment is unavailable.
  • the present invention addresses this issue by supplying additional energy storage
  • the present charging system can be utilized to supply some or all of the missing 20%.
  • the subject charging system can be used to supply power to one or more auxiliary electrical components of the EV, thereby reducing the rate at which power from the EV's on-board battery is consumed, and enabling further vehicle range from the on-board battery due to reduced power consumption.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Des aspects de l'invention comprennent un système de charge de véhicule électrique qui comprend un module de batterie, un composant d'entrée d'énergie, un composant de sortie d'énergie, et au moins un convertisseur de puissance à courant alternatif-courant continu conçu pour convertir le courant alternatif en courant continu. Des aspects de l'invention concernent également des procédés d'utilisation d'un chargeur de véhicule électrique pour charger et/ou alimenter un véhicule électrique.
PCT/US2017/018153 2016-02-16 2017-02-16 Système de charge de véhicule électrique et procédés d'utilisation WO2017143051A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US201662389037P 2016-02-16 2016-02-16
US62/389,037 2016-02-16
US201762445162P 2017-01-11 2017-01-11
US62/445,162 2017-01-11

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