WO2017142113A1

WO2017142113A1 - Pattern/polarization antenna device

Info

Publication number: WO2017142113A1
Application number: PCT/KR2016/001694
Authority: WO
Inventors: 조동호; 박대희; 정병창; 길계태; 김윤식; 한준상
Original assignee: 한국과학기술원
Priority date: 2016-02-18
Filing date: 2016-02-22
Publication date: 2017-08-24
Also published as: CN107306512B; KR20170097518A; KR101788443B1; CN107306512A

Abstract

A pattern/polarization antenna device, according to an embodiment, comprises a plurality of unit pattern/polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array structure, wherein the plurality of unit pattern/polarization antennas are arranged at half-wave intervals, each unit pattern/polarization antenna of the plurality of unit pattern/polarization antennas has three or more antennas, and the number of unions of the main modes of the antennas is equal to or greater than the number of the antennas.

Description

Pattern / polarization antenna device

The technology described below relates to a pattern / polarized antenna device.

In the conventional multi-antenna device, a plurality of antennas having the same characteristics are arranged at half-wavelength intervals and beams are formed using the same. This is because, in the case of antennas having the same characteristics, when the antennas are arranged at intervals of half wavelength or less, channel characteristics are similar due to pattern similarity and physical close distance between the antennas. However, in this case, as the plurality of channels have similar characteristics, there are disadvantages in that they do not obtain excellent characteristics such as the multiplexing effect obtained from the multi-antenna or the robustness against multipath fading. Due to this disadvantage, multiple antennas of the same or dual polarization are arranged at half-wavelength intervals, and thus, so-called multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication is performed. However, this also causes a disadvantage that the antenna takes up a lot of space because the antennas must be located at half wavelength intervals. Furthermore, in the case of the ultra-multi antenna technology such as the massive MIMO, which is being studied recently, dozens or hundreds of antennas have to be arranged, which causes a problem of space occupied by the antenna.

Meanwhile, researches on a plurality of antennas having different patterns and a plurality of antennas having different polarizations have been conducted. Related prior art documents include Korean Patent Publication No. 2013-0082353 (name of the invention: polyhedral array of a switch mode beamforming antenna) and Korean Patent Publication No. 2013-0040536 (name of the invention: an electromagnetic field polarized antenna based mobile communication Systems, devices, and methods).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a pattern / polarization antenna device which can effectively obtain a pattern and polarization gain and can be manufactured in a small size. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a pattern / polarization antenna device which can effectively obtain a pattern, polarization and spatial gain, and can be manufactured in a small size.

The pattern / polarization antenna device according to an embodiment includes a plurality of unit patterns / polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array structure, and the plurality of unit patterns / polarization antennas are arranged at half-wavelength intervals, and the plurality of Each unit pattern / polarization antenna of the unit pattern / polarization antennas has three or more antennas, and the number of unions of the main modes of the antennas is greater than or equal to the number of antennas.

According to an embodiment, a pattern / polarization antenna device includes a plurality of planar antennas positioned in different planes, and each of the plurality of planar antennas includes a plurality of unit patterns / s having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array structure. Each of the plurality of unit patterns / polarization antennas has polarization antennas, and each unit pattern / polarization antenna has three or more antennas, and the number of unions of the main modes of the antennas is greater than or equal to the number of antennas.

The patterned / polarized antenna device according to the present invention has an advantage that the pattern and the polarized gain can be effectively obtained, and can be manufactured in a small size. In addition, the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus according to the present invention can effectively obtain the pattern, polarization and spatial gain, and has the advantage that it can be made compact.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of coefficients of an antenna radiation pattern.

2 is a diagram illustrating a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 and 9 are diagrams showing examples of a pattern / polarization antenna device that may be employed in a base station or a terminal of the communication system shown in FIG. 2, and show examples of a pattern / polarization antenna device having a unit pattern / polarization antenna. Drawing.

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a unit pattern / polarized antenna shown in FIG. 3.

5 to 8 are diagrams showing examples of distribution of square vector wave mode coefficients of the antennas included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna shown in FIG. 3.

10 and 11 are diagrams showing other examples of the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus that may be employed in the base station of the communication system shown in FIG. 2, and show examples of the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus having a primary array structure.

12 and 13 are diagrams showing other examples of the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus that may be employed in the base station of the communication system shown in FIG. 2, and show examples of the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus having the secondary array structure.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating another example of the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus that may be employed in the base station of the communication system illustrated in FIG. 2, and illustrates an example of the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus having a tertiary array structure.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing a method of forming a single beam using the pattern / polarization antenna device illustrated in FIG. 3 or 9.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for describing a method of forming a multiple beam using the pattern / polarization antenna device shown in FIG. 3 or 9.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for describing a method of forming a multi-beam using any one of the pattern / polarization antenna devices shown in FIGS. 10 to 14.

The following description may be made in various ways and have a variety of embodiments, specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail. However, this is not intended to limit the technology described below to specific embodiments, it should be understood to include all changes, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the technology described below.

The terms first, second, A, B, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms, but merely for distinguishing one component from other components. Only used as For example, the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may be referred to as the first component without departing from the scope of the technology described below. The term and / or includes a combination of a plurality of related items or any item of a plurality of related items.

As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It is to be understood that the present invention means that there is a part or a combination thereof, and does not exclude the presence or addition possibility of one or more other features or numbers, step operation components, parts or combinations thereof.

Prior to the detailed description of the drawings, it is to be clear that the division of the components in the present specification is only divided by the main function of each component. That is, two or more components to be described below may be combined into one component, or one component may be provided divided into two or more for each function. Each of the components to be described below may additionally perform some or all of the functions of other components in addition to the main functions of the components, and some of the main functions of each of the components are different. Of course, it may be carried out exclusively by.

In addition, in carrying out the method or operation method, each process constituting the method may occur differently from the stated order unless the context clearly indicates a specific order. That is, each process may occur in the same order as specified, may be performed substantially simultaneously, or may be performed in the reverse order.

The antenna radiation pattern f (θ, φ) may be represented by Equation 1 below using a spherical vector wave mode having orthogonality to each mode.

Here, A _α (θ, φ) denotes a square vector wave mode, and c _α denotes a coefficient of the square vector wave mode. Where A _α (θ, φ) follows a spherical coordinate system with a radius of 1. Also, the order α of the square vector wave mode is determined by α = 2 (n (n + 1) -1 + (-1) ^s m) + τ. Therefore, the square vector wave mode may be expressed as A _α (θ, φ) = A _{τ σmn} . Τ represents a transverse magnetic (TM) and a transverse electric (TE). σ denotes the rotated direction of the radiation pattern and determines s according to this value. m and n represent the coefficients of the complex spherical harmonic function. The square vector wave mode is represented by an odd mode for a TM (transverse magnetic) mode such as a loop antenna and an even mode for a TE (Transverse Electric) mode such as a dipole antenna. As an example, the values of τ, s, m and n and their orders are summarized in Table 1.

nn	1One	1One	1One	1One	1One	1One	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22
mm	00	00	1One	1One	1One	1One	00	00	1One	1One	1One	1One	22	22	22	22
ss	1One	1One	1One	1One	22	22	1One	1One	1One	1One	22	22	1One	1One	22	22
ττ	1One	22	1One	22	1One	22	1One	22	1One	22	1One	22	1One	22	1One	22
αα	33	44	1One	22	55	66	1111	1212	99	1010	1313	1414	77	88	1515	1616

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of coefficients of an antenna radiation pattern. Referring to Fig. 1, when the degree is 2, the coefficient is largest and its value is 0.30. The order having the largest coefficient as described above is called a representative mode. For the example represented in the figure, the representative mode is two. The second largest coefficient is 0.22, with the order being 5. The sum of the largest and second largest coefficients is 0.52, which is equal to or greater than 0.5. As such, the minimum number of order (s) at which the sum of the coefficients can be equal to or greater than 0.5 is called the dominant mode. For the example represented in the figure, the main mode is {2, 5} and the number of main modes is two. The criterion for determining whether the mode is the main mode may be changed according to the performance of the receiver. In the above description, 0.5 was a criterion for determining whether the main mode is used, but the value may be variously changed, such as 0.7 and 0.9.

2 is a diagram illustrating a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, the communication system includes a base station 210 and a terminal 220. The base station 210 may be called variously, such as a distributed node, an eNodeB, a remote radio head (RRH), etc. according to a communication standard, and the terminal 220 may also be called variously, such as a terminal node or a user terminal, according to a communication standard. The base station 210 may include a pattern / polarization antenna device 212, and the terminal 220 may include, for example, a pattern / polarization antenna device 222.

3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pattern / polarization antenna device that may be employed in a base station or a terminal of the communication system shown in FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 3, the pattern / polarization antenna device 300 includes one unit pattern / polarization antenna 310. The unit pattern / polarization antenna 310 includes a plurality of

antennas

320, 330, 340, and 350.

Preferably, the unit pattern / polarization antenna includes three or more antennas, and the number of unions of the main modes of the three or more antennas is greater than or equal to the number of antennas. If the main modes of the three antennas included in the unit pattern / polarized antenna are (2, 3, 5), (4, 5), (10), then the union of the main modes is (2, 3, 4, 5, 10). ) And the number of unions is five. Therefore, since the number 5 of the union is larger than the number 3 of antennas, the above-described condition is satisfied. If the main modes of the three antennas included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna are (3, 4), (3) and (4), the sum of the main modes is (3, 4) and the number of sums is two. Therefore, since the number 2 of the unions is smaller than the number 3 of antennas, the above condition is not satisfied.

The unit pattern / polarized antenna 310 is preferably integrated within a half wavelength of the operating frequency of the unit pattern / polarized antenna. In general, the operating frequency is not a specific frequency but has a predetermined bandwidth. Therefore, the half-wavelength of the operating frequency may correspond to the half-wavelength of any frequency belonging to a predetermined bandwidth. As such, in order for the plurality of antennas to be integrated in the half wavelength, a physical space that each of the plurality of antennas may use is limited. Because of the limited directivity and bandwidth that can be achieved in a limited physical space, it is difficult for each antenna to use a higher order square vector wave mode. Accordingly, the representative modes of the

antennas

320, 330, 340, and 350 included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna 310 are all 30 or less.

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a unit pattern / polarized antenna shown in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 4, the unit pattern / polarization antenna 400 includes a substrate 410,

electric field antennas

420 and 430 and

magnetic field antennas

440 and 450 disposed on the substrate 410. The

electric field antennas

420 and 430 have radiation patterns distributed in even modes and may be integrated on the substrate 410 to face different directions. The

electric field antennas

420 and 430 may be implemented using, for example, patch antennas. The

magnetic field antennas

440 and 450 have radiation patterns distributed in odd mode, and may be integrated on the substrate 410 to face different directions.

Magnetic field antennas

440 and 450 may be implemented using, for example, slot antennas.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of distribution of square vector wave mode coefficients of the antennas included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna illustrated in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 5, c ¹ _α to c ⁴ _α represent square vector wave mode coefficients of the first to fourth antennas, respectively. The first to fourth antennas each have one main mode, and the first to fourth antennas have different main modes. The main mode of the first antenna is 2, the main mode of the second antenna is 3, the main mode of the third antenna is 11, and the main mode of the fourth antenna is 10. For example, the first antenna having the odd mode may be implemented using a loop antenna. In addition, the second antenna having an even mode may be implemented using a dipole antenna.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example of distribution of square vector wave mode coefficients of the antennas included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna illustrated in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 6, c ¹ _α to c ⁴ _α represent square vector wave mode coefficients of the first to fourth antennas, respectively. The first to fourth antennas each have two main modes. The main mode of the first antenna is 2, 5, the main mode of the second antenna is 3, 6, the main mode of the third antenna is 10, 11, and the main mode of the fourth antenna is 8, 10. In one example, the first to fourth antennas may be implemented using directional antennas. Preferably any antenna pair (

antennas

1 and 2;

antennas

1 and 3;

antennas

1 and 4;

antennas

2 and 3;

antennas

2 and 4; antennas 3 and 4) that can be obtained from the first to fourth antennas, at least It has one different main mode. For example, in an antenna pair consisting of a first antenna and a second antenna, the first antenna has

main modes

2, 5 different from the second antenna, and the second antenna has

main modes

3, 6 different from the first antenna. In addition, in the antenna pair consisting of the third antenna and the fourth antenna, the third antenna has a main mode 11 different from the fourth antenna, and the fourth antenna has a main mode 8 different from the third antenna. As such, when the antenna pairs included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna have different main modes, the correlation between the radiation patterns of the antennas may be lowered.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another example of distribution of square vector wave mode coefficients of the antennas included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna illustrated in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 7, c ¹ _α to c ⁴ _α represent square vector wave mode coefficients of the first to fourth antennas, respectively. The first to fourth antennas each have two main modes.

For example, the first to fourth antennas include at least one antenna pair having the same main modes but different phases. The first antenna and the second antenna have the same

main modes

2 and 5 but different phases. In one example, the coefficients of the main modes of the first antenna and the second antenna may be c ¹ ₂ = + 0.30, c ² ₂ = + 0.30, c ¹ ₅ = + 0.22, c ² ₅ = -0.22. The third antenna and the fourth antenna have the same

main modes

10 and 11 but have different phases. As such, when the unit pattern / polarization antennas have the same main modes but include antenna pairs having different phases, the correlation between the radiation patterns of the antennas may be lowered.

As another example, the first to fourth antennas have the same main modes, but include at least one antenna pair having a correlation of 0.7 or less generated by coefficients of the main modes. Here, the correlation between the vector (c ¹ ₂ , c ¹ ₅ ) and the vector (c ² ₂ , c ² ₅ ) is obtained as in Equation 2 below.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another example of distribution of square vector wave mode coefficients of the antennas included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna illustrated in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 8, c ¹ _α to c ⁴ _α represent square vector wave mode coefficients of the first to fourth antennas, respectively. The first to fourth antennas each consist of a sector antenna. Preferably the antenna for each sector has three or more main modes. The first antenna has a

main mode

3, 10, 12, the second antenna has a

main mode

2, 11, 12, the third antenna has a

main mode

2, 13, 16, the fourth antenna has a main mode 3, Has 5, 9, 10, 14. As such, when the antennas included in the unit pattern / polarized antenna have different main mode arrangements, the correlation between the radiation patterns of the antennas may be lowered. In one example, the unit pattern / polarized antenna includes an antenna pair having a correlation of 0.7 or less generated by coefficients of a square vector wave mode. For example, each of the vectors may include 16 coefficients in total, ranging from the order 1 coefficient to the order 16 coefficient. As another example, each of the vectors may include 30 coefficients in total, ranging from the order 1 coefficient to the order 30 coefficient.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the unit pattern / polarized antenna shown in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 9, the unit pattern / polarization antenna 900 includes a first region 910 and a second region 920. An interval between the first region 910 and the second region 920 is greater than or equal to half wavelength of an operating frequency. The first region 910 has one or

more antennas

911, 912, and the second region also has one or

more antennas

921, 922. The plurality of

antennas

911, 912, 921, and 922 included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna 900 include at least two antennas having different patterns and at least two antennas having different polarizations. .

When multiple antennas are integrated in a small space, the interference between the antennas is increased, which reduces the performance of each antenna. As described above, by dividing the plurality of antennas into two regions, it is possible to reduce performance degradation due to interference and to obtain gain due to pattern / polarization.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating another example of a pattern / polarization antenna device that may be employed in a base station of the communication system shown in FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 10, the pattern / polarization antenna device 1000 includes a plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 having a one-dimensional array structure. Although four unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 are shown in the drawing, unlike the drawing, a pattern / polarization antenna device having a one-dimensional array structure using less than four or more pattern / polarization antennas 1000 may be implemented. Although the pattern /

polarization antennas

1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 are arranged in the horizontal direction in the drawing, unlike the drawing, the pattern /

polarization antennas

1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 may be arranged in the vertical direction. have. For example, the plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 are disposed on the same plane. For example, the plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 have the same structure.

Preferably, the intervals of the plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 correspond to half wavelengths of operating frequencies of the pattern / polarization antenna device 1000. In general, the operating frequency is not a specific frequency but has a predetermined bandwidth. Therefore, the half-wavelength of the operating frequency may correspond to the half-wavelength of any frequency belonging to a predetermined bandwidth.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the pattern / polarization antenna device having the one-dimensional array structure shown in FIG. 10. Referring to FIG. 11, the pattern / polarization antenna device 1100 includes a plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1110, 1120, 1130, and 1140 arranged in one dimension. Each unit pattern / polarization antenna is a unit pattern / polarization antenna divided into two regions as shown in FIG. 9. The unit pattern / polarization antenna 1110 includes a first region 1111 and a second region 1112. The first region 1111 has one or

more antennas

1113, 1114, and the second region 1112 also has one or

more antennas

1115, 1116. The unit pattern / polarized antennas have a half wavelength spacing from each other, and the first region 1111 and the second region 1112 have a half wavelength or greater distance therefrom. For example, the plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1110, 1120, 1130, and 1140 have the same structure.

In the drawing, an example in which the unit pattern / polarized antenna is divided into two regions is illustrated, but unlike the figure, the unit pattern / polarized antenna may be divided into three or more regions. In this case, the three or more regions may be arranged in the first region, the second region disposed at a distance of at least half wavelength in the first direction (for example, the vertical or horizontal direction) from the first region, and the half wavelength in the first direction from the second region. It can be provided with the 3rd area | region arrange | positioned at the said space | interval. In addition, the three or more regions may be arranged in the first region, the second region disposed at intervals of half wavelength or more in the first direction (for example, vertical direction) from the first region, and in the second direction (for example, horizontal direction) from the first region. It may have a third region disposed at intervals of half wavelength or more.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating another example of a pattern / polarization antenna device that may be employed in a base station of the communication system shown in FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 12, the pattern / polarization antenna device 1200 includes a plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234). Although 12 unit patterns / polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 are shown in the drawing, unlike the drawing, a pattern having a two-dimensional array structure using less than 12 or more pattern / polarization antennas The polarization antenna device 1200 may be implemented. For example, the plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 are disposed on the same plane. For example, the plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 have the same structure.

Preferably, the intervals of the plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 correspond to half wavelengths of the operating frequency of the pattern / polarization antenna device 1200. In general, the operating frequency is not a specific frequency but has a predetermined bandwidth. Therefore, the half-wavelength of the operating frequency may correspond to the half-wavelength of any frequency belonging to a predetermined bandwidth. The plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 are disposed at half wavelength intervals in a first direction (eg, horizontal direction), and in a second direction different from the first direction (eg: Vertically) at half-wavelength spacing.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the pattern / polarization antenna device having the two-dimensional array structure shown in FIG. 12. Referring to FIG. 13, the pattern / polarization antenna device 1300 includes a plurality of unit patterns / polarization antennas 1310 arranged in one dimension and a plurality of unit patterns / polarization antennas 1320 arranged in one dimension. do. The unit pattern / polarized antennas have a half-wave spacing in the horizontal direction and a half-wavelength in the vertical direction. The two regions included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna have an interval of one wavelength, for example, an interval of half wavelength or more from each other. For example, the plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1310 and 1320 are disposed on the same plane. For example, the plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1310 and 1320 have the same structure.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating another example of the pattern / polarization antenna device that may be employed in the base station of the communication system shown in FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 14, the pattern / polarization antenna device 1400 includes a plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas having a three-dimensional array structure. To this end, the pattern / polarization antenna device 1400 includes a plurality of

planar antennas

1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, and 1460. The plurality of

planar antennas

1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, and 1460 are located in different planes. Each planar antenna has a plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1411, 1412, 1413, 1414 arranged in one or two dimensions. The drawing shows an example in which each planar antenna has a plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas arranged in two dimensions. Unlike the drawings, a plurality of unit pattern / polarized antennas arranged in one or two dimensions described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 14 may be used as each planar antenna.

Although a pattern / polarization antenna device having a hexagonal pillar shape is illustrated in the drawings, the shape of the pattern / polarization antenna device having a three-dimensional array structure may be variously modified unlike the drawings. For example, the pattern / polarized antenna device may have various pillar shapes such as a triangular pillar, a tetragonal pillar, a pentagonal pillar, a seven-membered pillar, and an octagonal pillar. As an example, the pattern / polarization antenna device may have a cylindrical shape. For example, the pattern / polarization antenna device may have a polyhedron shape such as tetrahedron and hexahedron. As an example, the pattern / polarization antenna device may be partially omitted from each of the pillar, cylindrical, and polyhedral shapes described above. For example, the pattern / polarization antenna device may have a shape in which one surface is omitted from a quadrangular pillar. In this case, the pattern / polarization antenna device has three sides on which unit pattern / polarization antennas are arranged. For example, the pattern / polarization antenna device may have a shape in which the bottom surface is omitted from the hexahedron. In this case, the pattern / polarization antenna device has five faces on which unit pattern / polarization antennas are arranged.

Preferably, the intervals of the plurality of unit pattern /

polarization antennas

1411, 1412, 1413, and 1414 correspond to half wavelengths of operating frequencies of the pattern / polarization antenna device 1400. In general, the operating frequency is not a specific frequency but has a predetermined bandwidth. Therefore, the half-wavelength of the operating frequency may correspond to the half-wavelength of any frequency belonging to a predetermined bandwidth.

The above-described patterned / polarized antenna device having a one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional array structure has an advantage that the gain that conventional MIMO cannot obtain can be effectively obtained. In particular, the patterned / polarized antenna device having a three-dimensional array structure is effective in an environment where scattering and reflection are frequently performed in all directions of x, y, and z. You can get it.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing a method and an apparatus for forming a beam using the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3 or 9. According to the method illustrated in FIG. 15, a beam may be formed using a pattern / polarization antenna device including a unit pattern / polarization antenna. Referring to FIG. 15, signals to be transmitted through a plurality of antennas located in a unit pattern / polarized antenna may be represented by Equation 3 below.

Here, a _n denotes a signal to be transmitted through the n-th antenna, and N denotes the number of antennas included in the unit pattern / polarized antenna. The figure shows the case where N = 4. As shown in the figure, one beam may be generated by applying one beamforming weight set using a unit pattern / polarization antenna. This can be expressed as Equation 4 below.

Here, w _n means a beamforming weight corresponding to the n th antenna. In the drawings, a ₁ w ₁ to a ₄ w ₄ denote signals output through the first to fourth antennas, respectively, and a ^H w denotes signals output to the space from the unit pattern / polarized antenna.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for describing a method and an apparatus for forming a multi-beam using the pattern / polarization antenna apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3 or 9. According to the method illustrated in FIG. 16, multiple beams may be formed using a pattern / polarization antenna device including a unit pattern / polarization antenna. Referring to FIG. 16, a plurality of beamforming weight sets may be used to form a plurality of beams through a superposition of superposition. This can be expressed as Equation 5 below.

Here, w _k represents the k th beamforming weight set. In addition, w _{k, n} means a beamforming weight corresponding to the nth antenna from the kth beamforming weight set.

15 and 16 illustrate beam forming using all the antennas included in the unit pattern / polarization antenna. However, unlike the drawing, a beam may be formed using some of the antennas included in the pattern / polarization antenna. In this case, some antennas may be selected according to channel conditions, patterns / polarized antenna characteristics, or considering characteristics of a communication counterpart. In addition, when forming a plurality of beams using the principle of superposition, the first beam is formed using some of the plurality of antennas (eg, first, second and third antennas), and the second beam The beam may be formed using some other antennas (eg, first, third, and fourth antennas) among the plurality of antennas.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for describing a method and an apparatus for forming a multi-beam using any one of the pattern / polarization antenna devices shown in FIGS. 10 to 14. According to the method illustrated in FIG. 17, multiple beams may be formed using a patterned / polarized antenna device arranged in one to three dimensions. Referring to FIG. 17, a ^m _n denotes a signal to be transmitted through an n th antenna among a plurality of antennas arranged in the m th unit pattern / polarization antenna. v ^m _n means the beamforming weight of a ^m _n . M means the number of unit patterns / polarized antennas included in the pattern / polarized antenna device, and N means the number of antennas included in the unit pattern / polarized antenna. For example, antennas (eg, a ¹ ₁ , ... a ^m ₁ , ... a ^M ₁ ) having the same pattern / polarization characteristics among the plurality of antennas belonging to the plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas may be selected. Can be used to form a beam. Forming a beam in this way can form a total of N beams. N beams may be expressed as Equation 6 below.

Here, B _n means a beam made by using the n th antenna in each unit pattern / polarized antenna.

In the drawing, an example of forming a beam using M antennas having the same pattern / polarization characteristic is shown. However, unlike the drawing, a beam may be formed by using some antennas among the M antennas having the same pattern / polarization characteristic. In addition, unlike the drawing, a beam may be formed using a plurality of antennas having the same pattern / polarization characteristic and at least one antenna having a different pattern / polarization characteristic. In addition, an example in which a total of N beams are formed is shown in the drawings, but some beams may be omitted. In the drawing, a plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas included in the pattern / polarization antenna device have the same structure, but unlike the drawing, one or more unit pattern / polarization antennas may have a structure different from other pattern / polarization antennas.

The embodiments and the drawings attached to this specification are merely to clearly show a part of the technical idea included in the above-described technology, and those skilled in the art can easily make it within the scope of the technical idea included in the above-described technology and drawings. It will be apparent that both the inferred modifications and the specific embodiments are included in the scope of the above-described technology.

Claims

A plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array structure,

The plurality of unit pattern / polarized antennas are arranged at half wavelength intervals,

Each unit pattern / polarization antenna of the plurality of unit patterns / polarization antennas includes three or more antennas,

And a number of unions of the main modes of the antennas is greater than or equal to the number of antennas.

According to claim 1,

The representative modes of the antennas are all 30 or less patterned / polarized antenna device.

According to claim 1,

Each unit pattern / polarization antenna is divided into a plurality of regions, and the plurality of regions have a half-wavelength interval or more, and each region of the plurality of regions has a pattern / polarization having at least one antenna among the antennas. Antenna device.

According to claim 1,

Each of the antennas has one main mode, and the main modes of the antennas are different from each other.

According to claim 1,

Each of the antennas has two main modes, and any antenna pair that can be obtained from the antennas has at least one different main mode.

The method of claim 5,

And the antennas comprise a plurality of directional antennas.

According to claim 1,

Each of said antennas having two main modes, said antennas comprising at least one pair of antennas having the same main modes but different phases from each other.

According to claim 1,

Each of said antennas having two main modes, said antennas comprising an antenna pair having a correlation of less than or equal to 0.7 produced by the coefficients of the main modes.

The method of claim 8,

And the antennas comprise a plurality of directional antennas.

According to claim 1,

Each of said antennas having at least three main modes, said antennas comprising an antenna pair having a correlation of less than or equal to 0.7 generated by coefficients of a square vector wave mode.

It has a plurality of planar antennas located in different planes,

Each planar antenna of the plurality of planar antennas includes a plurality of unit pattern / polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array structure.

The method of claim 11, wherein

The plurality of unit pattern / polarized antennas are arranged in a half-wavelength pattern / polarized antenna device.

The method of claim 11, wherein