CN107306512B - Mode/polarization antenna device - Google Patents
Mode/polarization antenna device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107306512B CN107306512B CN201680003825.6A CN201680003825A CN107306512B CN 107306512 B CN107306512 B CN 107306512B CN 201680003825 A CN201680003825 A CN 201680003825A CN 107306512 B CN107306512 B CN 107306512B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
Abstract
A mode/polarization antenna device according to an embodiment includes a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement structure, the plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas being arranged at a half-wavelength interval, each unit mode/polarization antenna among the plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas including three or more antennas, and a number of elements of a union of main modes of the antennas being greater than or equal to a number of the antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The technology described herein relates to a mode/polarization antenna apparatus.
Background
The existing multi-antenna apparatus forms a beam by using a plurality of antennas having the same characteristics by arranging them at a half-wavelength interval. This is because, in the case of antennas having the same characteristics, if arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or less, channel characteristics become similar due to mode similarity and close physical distance between the antennas. However, in this case, since the plurality of channels exhibit characteristics similar to each other, there arises a disadvantage that the multiplexing effect obtainable from the multiple antennas, robustness against multipath fading, or the like cannot be obtained. Due to such a disadvantage, a plurality of identical or dual-polarized antennas are arranged at a half-slope long interval and utilized for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication. However, in this case, it is also necessary to arrange the antennas at a half-slope-length interval, and therefore, there is a disadvantage that the occupied space of the antennas is large. Further, in the case of a super multi-antenna technology such as massive MIMO which has been recently studied, it is necessary to arrange several tens to several hundreds of antennas, and therefore, problems regarding the space occupied by the antennas are rising.
On the other hand, studies have been made on a plurality of antennas having different modes and a plurality of antennas having different polarizations. The related prior art documents include korean patent publication No. 2013-0082353 (name of the invention: polyhedral array of switch mode beam forming antennas) and korean patent publication No. 2013-0040536 (name of the invention: mobile communication system, device and method based on electromagnetic field polarized antennas).
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem
An object of the present invention is to provide a mode/polarization antenna device capable of efficiently obtaining a mode, a polarization gain, and being manufactured in a small size. Another aspect of the present invention provides a mode/polarization antenna apparatus capable of effectively obtaining mode, polarization, spatial gain and being manufactured in a small size.
Means for solving the problems
A mode/polarization antenna device according to an embodiment includes a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement structure, wherein the plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas are arranged at a half-wavelength interval, each unit mode/polarization antenna includes three or more antennas in the plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas, and the number of elements of a union of main modes of the antennas is greater than or equal to the number of the antennas.
A mode/polarization antenna device according to an embodiment includes a plurality of planar antennas located on different planes, wherein the plurality of planar antennas include a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement structure, each unit mode/polarization antenna includes three or more antennas among the plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas, and the number of elements of a union of main modes of the antennas is greater than or equal to the number of the antennas.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
The mode/polarization antenna device according to the embodiment of the present invention can effectively obtain a mode, a polarization gain, and can be manufactured in a small size. Also, the mode/polarization antenna device according to the embodiment of the present invention can effectively obtain mode, polarization, spatial gain and can be manufactured in a small size.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of antenna radiation pattern coefficients.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 and 9 are drawings showing an example of a mode/polarization antenna device that can be employed by a base station or a terminal of the communication system shown in fig. 2, that is, an example of a mode/polarization antenna device including a unit mode/polarization antenna.
Fig. 4 is a drawing showing an example of the unit mode/polarization antenna shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 to 8 are diagrams showing examples of distributions of spherical vector wave mode coefficients of antennas included in the unit mode/polarization antenna shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 10 and 11 are drawings showing another example of a mode/polarization antenna device employable by a base station of the communication system shown in fig. 2, that is, an example of a mode/polarization antenna device having a first arrangement structure.
Fig. 12 and 13 are drawings showing another example of a mode/polarization antenna device employable by a base station of the communication system shown in fig. 2, that is, an example of a mode/polarization antenna device having a second arrangement structure.
Fig. 14 is a drawing showing another example of a mode/polarization antenna device employable by a base station of the communication system shown in fig. 2, that is, a drawing showing an example of a mode/polarization antenna device having a third arrangement structure.
Fig. 15 is a drawing for explaining a method of forming a single beam using the mode/polarization antenna device shown in fig. 3 or 9.
Fig. 16 is a drawing for explaining a method of forming multiple beams using the mode/polarization antenna device shown in fig. 3 or 9.
Fig. 17 is a drawing for explaining a method of forming multiple beams using any one of the mode/polarization antenna devices shown in fig. 10 to 14.
Detailed Description
While the technology described below is susceptible to various modifications and alternative embodiments, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and have been described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the technology to be described below is not limited to the particular embodiments, but covers all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the technology to be described below.
It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," "A," and "B," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements of the invention, the elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element of the present invention from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology described below. Also as used herein, "and/or" refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Throughout this specification, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and when the term "comprises" and/or the like is used herein, the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof is specified, but the presence or addition of ー or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof is not excluded.
Before the detailed description with reference to the drawings, it is to be understood that the components in the present specification are distinguished only by the main functions each component performs. That is, 2 or more components described below may be combined into one component, or one component may be divided into two or more components according to different functions for further division. Each of the components described below may perform a part or all of the functions performed by the other components in addition to the main functions performed by itself, and it is needless to say that a part of the main functions performed by each of the components is performed by the other components.
Also, in performing a method or operation, steps may be performed in an order different than explicitly described herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In other words, it may be performed in the same order as the described order, simultaneously or in reverse order.
The antenna radiation pattern f (θ, Φ) can be represented by the following mathematical formula 1 using a spherical vector wave pattern having orthogonality for each pattern.
[ mathematical formula 1]
Wherein A isα(theta, phi) means the spherical vector wave mode, cαRefers to the coefficients of the spherical vector wave mode. Wherein A isα(θ, φ) is according to a spherical coordinate system with radius 1. furthermore, the order α of the spherical vector wave pattern is according to α ═ 2(n (n +1) -1+ (-1)sm) + τ. Thus, the spherical vector wave mode can be represented as Aα(θ，φ)＝Aτσmn. Where τ refers to Transverse Magnetic (TM) or Transverse Electric (TE) polarization. σ refers to the direction of the rotating radiation pattern, and s is determined by this value. m and n refer to the coefficients of complex spherical harmonics. The spherical vector wave mode is represented as an odd number mode with respect to the TM mode such as a rooftop antenna, and as an even number mode with respect to the TE mode such as a dipole antenna. As an example, Table 1 shows the values of τ, s, m, and n and the order thereof.
[ Table 1]
| |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| m | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| |
1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| |
3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 16 |
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of antenna radiation pattern coefficients. Referring to fig. 1, when the order is 2, the coefficient is the largest and its value is 0.30. As described above, the order having the largest coefficient is referred to as a representative mode. In the case of the example shown in the drawing, the representative pattern is 2. The second maximum coefficient is 0.22 and has an order of 5, while the sum of the maximum coefficient and the second maximum coefficient is 0.52, which is greater than or equal to 0.5. As described above, the order of the minimum number such that the sum of coefficients is greater than or equal to 0.5 is referred to as a dominant mode. In the case of the example shown in the drawing, the dominant mode is {2, 5}, and the number of dominant modes is 2. The criterion for determining whether or not one mode is the dominant mode differs depending on the performance of the receiving section. In the above description, 0.5 is a criterion for determining whether or not the main mode is present, but the value thereof may be widely varied, for example, 0.7, 0.9, or the like.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the communication system includes a base station 210 and a terminal 220. The base station 210 may be variously referred to as a distribution node, eNodeB, remote antenna head (RRH), etc. according to a communication standard, and the terminal 220 may also be variously referred to as a terminal node, user terminal, etc. according to a communication standard. The base station 210 may include a mode/polarization antenna arrangement 212 and the terminal 220 may include, for example, a mode/polarization antenna arrangement 222.
Fig. 3 shows an example of a patterned/polarized antenna arrangement employable by a base station or terminal of the communication system shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 3, a mode/polarization antenna apparatus 300 includes a unit mode/polarization antenna 310. The unit mode/polarization antenna 310 includes a plurality of antennas 320, 330, 340, and 350.
Preferably, the unit pattern/antenna includes three or more antennas, and the number of elements in a union of main patterns of the three or more antennas is greater than or equal to the number of the plurality of antennas. If the main patterns of the three antennas included in the unit pattern/antenna are (2, 3, 5), (4, 5), and (10), the union of the main patterns is (2, 3, 4, 5, 10) and the number of elements of the union is 5. Accordingly, the number (5) of elements of the union is greater than the number (3) of antennas, and thus the above condition is satisfied. If the main patterns of the three antennas included in the unit pattern/antenna are (3, 4), (3), and (4), the union of the main patterns is (3, 4), and the number of elements of the union is 2. Therefore, the number (2) of elements of the union is smaller than the number (3) of antennas, and thus the above condition is not satisfied.
Preferably, unit mode/polarization antenna 310 is integrated within one-half wavelength of the operating frequency of the unit mode/polarization antenna. Typically, the operating frequency has a predetermined bandwidth rather than a specific frequency. Therefore, the half wavelength of the operating frequency may be any half wavelength belonging to any frequency of the predetermined bandwidth. As described above, in order to integrate the plurality of antennas into a half wavelength, physical spaces respectively available by the plurality of antennas are limited. It is difficult for each antenna to use a high order spherical vector wave mode due to the limited directivity and bandwidth of the antenna available through the limited physical space. Thus, the unit mode/polarization antenna 310 preferably includes antennas 320, 330, 340, and 350 having representative modes equal to or less than 30.
Fig. 4 is a drawing showing an example of the unit mode/polarization antenna shown in fig. 3. Referring to fig. 4, the unit mode/polarization antenna 400 includes a substrate 410, electric field antennas 420, 430 and magnetic field antennas 440, 450 located on the substrate 410. The electric field antennas 420, 430 may have radiation patterns distributed in an even pattern and may be integrated onto the substrate 410 in a manner directed in different directions. For example, the electric field antennas 420, 430 may be implemented using patch antennas. The magnetic field antennas 440, 450 may have radiation patterns distributed in an odd pattern and may be integrated onto the substrate 410 in a manner that is directed in different directions. For example, the magnetic field antennas 440, 450 may be implemented using slot antennas.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of distribution of spherical vector wave mode coefficients of an antenna included in the unit mode/polarization antenna shown in fig. 3. Referring to FIG. 5, c1 αTo c4 αRespectively, the spherical vector wave mode coefficients of the first to fourth antennas. The first to fourth antennas have one main mode, respectively, and the first to fourth antennas have main modes different from each other. The primary mode of the first antenna is 2, the primary mode of the second antenna is 3, the primary mode of the third antenna is 11 and the primary mode of the fourth antenna is 10. As an example, the first antenna having an odd pattern may be implemented using a rooftop antenna. Also, the second antenna having an even pattern may be implemented using a dipole antenna.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a unit mode/polarization antenna included in the unit mode/polarization antenna shown in FIG. 3Figure of another example of the distribution of the spherical vector wave mode coefficients of an antenna. Referring to FIG. 6, c1 αTo c4 αRespectively, the spherical vector wave mode coefficients of the first to fourth antennas. The first to fourth antennas have two main modes, respectively. The main modes of the first antenna are 2, 5, the main modes of the second antenna are 3, 6, the main modes of the third antenna are 10, 11, and the main modes of the fourth antenna are 8, 10. As an example, the first to fourth antennas may be implemented using directional antennas. Preferably, also any pair of antennas ( antenna 1, 2; antenna 1, 3; antenna 1, 4; antenna 2, 3; antenna 2, 4; and antenna 3, 4) available from the first to fourth antennas has at least one different main mode. For example, in a pair of antennas consisting of a first antenna and a second antenna, the first antenna has a main pattern 2, 5 different from the second antenna, and the second antenna has a main pattern 3, 6 different from the first antenna. And, in a pair of antennas consisting of a third antenna and a fourth antenna, the third antenna has a main pattern 11 different from the fourth antenna, and the fourth antenna has a main pattern 8 different from the third antenna. As described above, when a pair of antennas included in a unit mode/polarization antenna has different main modes, correlation between radiation modes of the antennas may be reduced.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing another example of distribution of spherical vector wave mode coefficients of an antenna included in the unit mode/polarization antenna shown in fig. 3. Referring to FIG. 7, c1 αTo c4 αRespectively, the spherical vector wave mode coefficients of the first to fourth antennas. The first to fourth antennas have two main modes, respectively.
As an example, the first to fourth antennas include at least one pair of antennas having the same main pattern but having different phases. The first and second antennas have the same main modes 2, 5 but different phases. As an example, the coefficient of the dominant mode of the first and second antennas may be c1 2＝+0.30、c2 2＝+0.30、c1 50.22 and c2 5-0.22. First, theThe three and fourth antennas also have the same main modes 4, 11 but different phases. As described above, when the unit mode/polarization antenna includes a pair of antennas having the same main mode but different phases, the correlation between the radiation modes of the antennas may be reduced.
As another example, the first to fourth antennas include at least one pair of antennas having the same main mode but having a correlation of less than or equal to 0.7 between vectors formed by coefficients of the main mode. Wherein, the vector c1 2、c1 5And vector c2 2、c2 5The correlation between them is obtained by the following equation 2.
[ mathematical formula 2]
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing another example of distribution of spherical vector wave mode coefficients of an antenna included in the unit mode/polarization antenna shown in fig. 3. Referring to FIG. 8, c1 αTo c4 αRespectively, the spherical vector wave mode coefficients of the first to fourth antennas. The first to fourth antennas are respectively configured as antennas for sectors. Preferably, each antenna for a sector has more than three primary modes. The first antenna has main modes 3, 10 and 12, the second antenna has main modes 2, 11 and 12, the third antenna has main modes 2, 13 and 16, and the fourth antenna has main modes 3, 5, 9, 10 and 14. As described above, when a pair of antennas included in a unit mode/polarization antenna has different main mode arrangements, correlation between radiation patterns of the antennas may be reduced. As an example, a unit mode/polarization antenna includes a pair of antennas having a correlation of less than or equal to 0.7 between vectors formed by coefficients of a spherical vector wave mode. As an example, each vector may include from a coefficient of order 1 to a coefficient of order 16, i.e., 16 coefficients in total. As another example, each vector may include from a coefficient of order 1 to a coefficient of order 30, i.e., a total of 30 coefficients.
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a modification of the unit mode/polarization antenna shown in fig. 3. Referring to fig. 9, the unit mode/polarization antenna 900 includes a first region 910 and a second region 920. The separation between the first region 910 and the second region 920 is greater than or equal to one-half wavelength of the operating frequency. The first region 910 includes one or more antennas 911, 912, and the second region 920 also includes one or more antennas 921, 922. The plurality of antennas 911, 912, 921 and 922 included in the unit mode/polarization antenna 900 include at least two antennas having different modes and at least two antennas having different polarizations.
When a plurality of antennas are integrated in a small space, interference between the antennas increases, and thus performance of each antenna is degraded. As described above, if a plurality of antennas are disposed in two regions, performance degradation due to interference may be reduced, and gain through mode/polarization may be improved.
Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating one example of a patterned/polarized antenna arrangement employable by a base station of the communication system shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 10, the mode/polarization antenna device 1000 includes a plurality of unit mode/ polarization antennas 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 having a one-dimensional arrangement structure. Four unit mode/ polarization antennas 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 are shown in the figure. However, the unit mode/polarization antenna 1000 having a one-dimensional arrangement structure may be implemented as less than 4 or greater than or equal to 4 mode/polarization antennas, unlike that shown in the drawing. The mode/ polarization antennas 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 are shown in the drawing as being arranged in the horizontal direction. However, unlike as shown in the figure, the mode/ polarization antennas 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 may be arranged in a vertical direction. As an example, the plurality of mode/ polarization antennas 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 are arranged on the same plane. As an example, the plurality of mode/ polarization antennas 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 have the same structure.
Preferably, the spacing between the plurality of mode/ polarization antennas 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 corresponds to a half wavelength of the operating frequency of the mode/polarization antenna apparatus 1000. Typically, the operating frequency has a predetermined bandwidth rather than a specific frequency. Therefore, the half wavelength of the operating frequency may be any half wavelength belonging to any frequency of the predetermined bandwidth.
Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a modification of the mode/polarization antenna device having the one-dimensional arrangement structure shown in fig. 10. Referring to fig. 11, a mode/polarization antenna device 1100 includes a plurality of unit mode/ polarization antennas 1110, 1120, 1130, and 1140 arranged one-dimensionally. Each unit mode/polarization antenna is a unit mode/polarization antenna divided into two regions as shown in fig. 9. The unit mode/polarization antenna 1110 includes a first region 1111 and a second region 1112. First region 1111 includes one or more antennas 1113, 1114, and second region 1112 also includes one or more antennas 1115, 1116. The unit mode/polarization antennas have a half wavelength interval from each other, and the first region 1111 and the second region 1112 have an interval of a half wavelength or more. As an example, the plurality of mode/ polarization antennas 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 are arranged on the same plane. As an example, the plurality of unit mode/ polarization antennas 1110, 1120, 1130, and 1140 have the same structure.
An example of a mode/polarization antenna divided into two regions is shown in the figure. However, unlike the illustration in the figure, the unit pattern/polarization may be divided into three or more regions. In this case, the three or more regions may include a first region, a second region arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or more from the first region in the first direction (e.g., vertical or horizontal direction), and a third region arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or more from the second region in the first direction. Also, the three or more regions may include a first region, a second region arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or more from the first region in a first direction (e.g., a vertical direction), and a third region arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or more from the first region in a second direction (e.g., a horizontal direction).
Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating another example of a mode/polarization antenna arrangement that may be employed by a base station of the communication system shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 12, the mode/polarization antenna device 1200 includes a plurality of unit mode/ polarization antennas 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1231, 1232, 1233, and 1234 having a two-dimensional arrangement structure. In the drawing, 12 unit pattern/polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 are shown. However, unlike the illustration in the drawing, the mode/polarization antenna device 1200 having the two-dimensional arrangement structure may be implemented as less than 12 or equal to or greater than 12 mode/polarization antennas. For example, the plurality of mode/polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 are arranged on the same plane. For example, the plurality of mode/polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 have the same structure.
Preferably, the intervals between the plurality of mode/polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 correspond to half the wavelength of the operating frequency of the mode/polarization antenna apparatus 1200. Typically, the operating frequency has a predetermined bandwidth rather than a specific frequency. Therefore, the half wavelength of the operating frequency may be any half wavelength belonging to any frequency of the predetermined bandwidth. The plurality of mode/polarization antennas 1211 to 1214, 1221 to 1224, and 1231 to 1234 are arranged at half-wavelength intervals in a first direction (e.g., a horizontal direction) and at half-wavelength intervals in a second direction (e.g., a vertical direction).
Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the mode/polarization antenna device having the two-dimensional arrangement structure shown in fig. 12. Referring to fig. 13, a mode/polarization antenna device 1300 includes a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas 1310 one-dimensionally arranged and a plurality of mode/polarization antennas 1320 one-dimensionally arranged. The unit mode/polarized antennas have a half wavelength interval in the horizontal direction and a half wavelength interval in the vertical direction from each other. The two regions included in the unit mode/polarization antenna have a space of a half wavelength or more from each other, for example, a space of one wavelength from each other. For example, the multiple mode/ polarization antennas 1310, 1320 are arranged on the same plane. For example, the multiple mode/ polarization antennas 1310, 1320 have the same structure.
An example of a mode/polarization antenna divided into two regions is shown in the figure. However, unlike the illustration in the figure, the unit pattern/polarization may be divided into three or more regions. In this case, the three or more regions may include a first region, a second region arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or more from the first region in the first direction (e.g., vertical or horizontal direction), and a third region arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or more from the second region in the first direction. Also, the three or more regions may include a first region, a second region arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or more from the first region in a first direction (e.g., a vertical direction), and a third region arranged at an interval of a half wavelength or more from the first region in a second direction (e.g., a horizontal direction).
Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating another example of a mode/polarization antenna arrangement employable by a base station of the communication system shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 14, a mode/polarization antenna device 1400 includes a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas having a three-dimensional arrangement structure. To this end, the mode/polarization antenna apparatus 1400 includes a plurality of planar antennas 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, and 1460. The plurality of planar antennas 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450 and 1460 are located on different planes. Each planar antenna includes a plurality of unit mode/ polarization antennas 1411, 1412, 1413, and 1414 arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally. An example in which each planar antenna includes a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas arranged two-dimensionally is shown in the drawing. Unlike the illustration in the drawings, a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally as explained with reference to fig. 10 to 14 may be used as the respective planar antennas.
In the figure a mode/polarization antenna device is shown in the shape of a hexagonal prism. However, unlike the illustration in the drawing, various modifications may be made to the shape of the mode/polarization antenna device having the three-dimensional arrangement structure. For example, the mode/polarization antenna device may have various prism shapes including a triangular prism shape, a square prism shape, a pentagonal prism shape, a heptagonal prism shape, an octagonal prism shape, and the like. For example, the mode/polarization antenna device may have a cylindrical shape. For example, the mode/polarization antenna device may have a polyhedral shape including a tetrahedral shape, a hexahedral shape, or the like. For example, the mode/polarization means may have a shape in which a surface is omitted from the prism shape, the cylindrical shape, and the polyhedral shape described above. For example, the mode/polarization antenna device may have a shape in which a surface is omitted from a square prism. In this case, the mode/polarization antenna device has three surfaces on which the unit mode/polarization antennas are arranged. For example, the mode/polarization antenna device may have a hexagonal prism shape with the bottom surface omitted. In this case, the mode/polarization antenna device has five surfaces on which the unit mode/polarization antennas are arranged.
Preferably, the spacing between the plurality of mode/ polarization antennas 1411, 1412, 1413, and 1414 corresponds to a half wavelength of the operating frequency of the mode/polarization antenna apparatus 1400. Typically, the operating frequency has a predetermined bandwidth rather than a specific frequency. Therefore, the half wavelength of the operating frequency may be any half wavelength belonging to any frequency of the predetermined bandwidth.
The mode/polarization antenna device having the one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional arrangement structure described above can effectively obtain a gain that cannot be obtained by the conventional Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) method. In particular, the mode/polarization antenna device having the three-dimensional arrangement structure is effective in an environment where dispersion and reflection occur more in all x, y, and z directions, and a high transmission capacity close to the upper limit as compared with a given antenna space can be obtained.
Fig. 15 is a drawing for explaining a method of forming a single beam using the mode/polarization antenna device shown in fig. 3 or 9. According to the method of fig. 15, a beam may be formed by using a mode/polarization antenna device including a unit mode/polarization antenna. Referring to fig. 15, a signal to be transmitted through a plurality of antennas located at a unit mode/polarization antenna may be represented by the following equation 3.
[ mathematical formula 3]
αH＝[α1，α2,...,αn,...，α(N-1)，αN]H
Wherein, αnRefers to a signal to be transmitted through the nth antenna, and N refers to the number of antennas included in the unit mode/polarization antenna. The case of N-4 is shown in the drawing. As shown, one beam may be formed using a unit mode/polarized antenna with one set of beamforming weights applied. Which can be represented by the following mathematical formula 4.
[ mathematical formula 4]
Wherein, wnWhich is a beamforming weight corresponding to the nth antenna. In the drawings, a1w1To a4w4Refers to signals output through the first to fourth antennas, and aHw refers to a signal output to space from the unit mode/polarization antenna.
Fig. 16 is a drawing for explaining a method of forming multiple beams by the mode/polarization antenna device shown in fig. 3 or 9. According to the method of fig. 16, multiple beams can be formed using a mode/polarization antenna apparatus including a unit mode/polarization antenna. Referring to fig. 16, multiple beams may be formed by using a plurality of beamforming weight sets and in a superposition principle. Which can be represented by the following mathematical formula 5.
[ math figure 5]
Wherein, wkRefers to the kth set of beamforming weights. And, Wk，nThe beamforming weights corresponding to the nth antenna in the kth beamforming weight set.
Examples of forming beams using all antennas included in the unit mode/polarization antenna are shown in fig. 15 and 16. However, unlike the illustration in the drawing, a beam may be formed by some of the antennas included with the unit mode/polarization antenna. Some of the antennas may be selected according to channel conditions, according to characteristics of mode/polarization antennas, or in consideration of characteristics of communication partners, among others. Also, when the plurality of beams are formed in the superposition principle, the first beam may be formed using some of the plurality of antennas (e.g., the first, second, and third antennas), and the second beam may be formed using some of the other of the plurality of antennas (e.g., the first, third, and fourth antennas).
Fig. 17 is a drawing illustrating a method and apparatus for forming multiple beams by any one of the mode/polarization antenna apparatuses shown in fig. 10 to 14. According to the method of fig. 17, multi-beams can be formed using one-to three-dimensionally arranged mode/polarization antenna devices. Referring to FIG. 17, am nRefers to a signal to be transmitted through an nth antenna among a plurality of antennas arranged in an mth unit pattern/polarization antenna. v. ofm nMeans am nThe beamforming weights of (a). M refers to the number of unit mode/polarization antennas included in the mode/polarization antenna device, and N refers to the number of antennas included in the mode/polarization antenna device. As an example, an antenna having the same mode/polarization characteristic among a plurality of antennas included in a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas (e.g., a) may be utilized1 1、…、am 1… and aM 1) To form a beam. When the beams are formed as described above, a total of N beams may be formed. The N beams may be represented by the following equation 6.
[ mathematical formula 6]
Wherein, BnRefers to a beam formed using the nth antenna among the respective unit mode/polarization antennas.
An example of forming beams using M antennas having the same mode/polarization characteristics is shown in the drawing. However, unlike as shown in the figure, beams may be formed using some of the M antennas having the same mode/polarization characteristics. Also, unlike shown in the drawing, a beam may be formed using a plurality of antennas having the same mode/polarization characteristic and at least one antenna having a mode/polarization characteristic different therefrom. Also, although an example of forming a total of N beams is shown in the drawings, some beams may be omitted. In the drawing, a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas included in the mode/polarization antenna device have the same structure. However, unlike the illustration in the figure, one or more unit mode/polarization antennas may have a different structure from other mode/polarization antennas.
The embodiments and the drawings described in this specification are only for explicitly describing a part of technical concepts included in the above-described technology. It is apparent that those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can easily derive modifications and specific embodiments within the scope of the technical concept described in the specification and the technical drawings described above.
Claims (14)
1. A mode/polarization antenna device includes a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement structure,
wherein the plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas are arranged at a half wavelength interval,
and each unit mode/polarization antenna among the plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas includes three or more antennas,
and the number of non-overlapping spherical vector wave modes in all the main modes of the three or more antennas is greater than or equal to the number of the antennas,
and the primary mode is a minimum number of orders of the at least one ball vector wave mode when a sum of coefficients of the at least one ball vector wave mode is greater than or equal to a reference value.
2. The mode/polarization antenna apparatus of claim 1, wherein the representative modes of the antenna are all less than or equal to 30.
3. The mode/polarization antenna device of claim 1, wherein each of the unit mode/polarization antennas is divided into a plurality of regions having a spacing of a half wavelength or more from each other, and each of the plurality of regions has at least one of the antennas.
4. Mode/polarization antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the antennas have one main mode each, and the main modes of the antennas are different from each other.
5. A mode/polarisation antenna arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the antennas each have two primary modes and any pair of antennas available from the antennas have at least one primary mode different from each other.
6. The mode/polarization antenna apparatus of claim 5, wherein the antenna comprises a plurality of directional antennas.
7. A mode/polarisation antenna arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the antennas each have two main modes and include at least one pair of antennas having the same main mode but different phases.
8. A mode/polarisation antenna arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the antennas each have two dominant modes and comprise a pair of antennas having a correlation between vectors formed by coefficients of the dominant modes of less than or equal to 0.7.
9. The mode/polarization antenna apparatus of claim 8, wherein the antenna comprises a plurality of directional antennas.
10. The mode/polarization antenna device of claim 1, wherein the antennas have three or more main modes, respectively, and the antennas comprise a pair of antennas having a correlation with a vector formed by coefficients of a spherical vector wave mode of less than or equal to 0.7.
11. A mode/polarization antenna apparatus includes a plurality of planar antennas located on different planes,
wherein each of the plurality of planar antennas includes a plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas having a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement structure,
and each unit mode/polarization antenna among the plurality of unit mode/polarization antennas includes three or more antennas,
and the number of non-overlapping spherical vector wave modes in all the main modes of the three or more antennas is greater than or equal to the number of the antennas,
and the primary mode is a minimum number of orders of the at least one ball vector wave mode when a sum of coefficients of the at least one ball vector wave mode is greater than or equal to a reference value.
12. The mode/polarization antenna apparatus of claim 11, wherein the representative modes of the antenna are all less than or equal to 30.
13. The mode/polarization antenna apparatus of claim 11, wherein the plurality of mode/polarization antennas are arranged at half-wavelength intervals.
14. A mode/polarization antenna device according to claim 11, wherein each of the unit mode/polarization antennas is divided into a plurality of regions having a spacing of a half wavelength or more from each other, and each of the plurality of regions has at least one of the antennas.
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| KR1020160019390A KR101788443B1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Pattern/polarization antenna apparatus |
| PCT/KR2016/001694 WO2017142113A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-22 | Pattern/polarization antenna device |
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| CN112186327B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2023-11-24 | 深圳市一加一无线通讯技术有限公司 | Amplification antenna equipment with regular dodecahedron structure |
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| CN1451189A (en) * | 2000-03-11 | 2003-10-22 | 安蒂诺瓦有限公司 | Dielectric resonator antenna array with steerable elements |
| FR2862438A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-05-20 | Thomson Licensing Sa | Photonic band gap slot microwave novel manufacture process for slot antennas having x direction single elementary cells row and multiple y direction continuous cells having half wave guide wavelength dimension |
| KR20140004858A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-14 | 한국과학기술원 | Integration structure of slot antenna |
| CN203644921U (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-06-11 | 华南理工大学 | Gysel power dividing filter with high power dividing ratio |
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| KR101348452B1 (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2014-01-16 | 한국과학기술원 | Polyhedron array of switch mode beam forming antenna |
| KR101346137B1 (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-12-31 | 중앙대학교 산학협력단 | Folding antenna array for switching diversity and directivity mode |
| KR101554839B1 (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-09-21 | 한국과학기술원 | Method for joint pattern beam sectorization, and apparatuses operating the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1451189A (en) * | 2000-03-11 | 2003-10-22 | 安蒂诺瓦有限公司 | Dielectric resonator antenna array with steerable elements |
| FR2862438A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-05-20 | Thomson Licensing Sa | Photonic band gap slot microwave novel manufacture process for slot antennas having x direction single elementary cells row and multiple y direction continuous cells having half wave guide wavelength dimension |
| KR20140004858A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-14 | 한국과학기술원 | Integration structure of slot antenna |
| CN203644921U (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-06-11 | 华南理工大学 | Gysel power dividing filter with high power dividing ratio |
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