WO2017140144A1 - 基于光子晶体十字波导的双路反相光学时钟信号发生器 - Google Patents

基于光子晶体十字波导的双路反相光学时钟信号发生器 Download PDF

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WO2017140144A1
WO2017140144A1 PCT/CN2016/106678 CN2016106678W WO2017140144A1 WO 2017140144 A1 WO2017140144 A1 WO 2017140144A1 CN 2016106678 W CN2016106678 W CN 2016106678W WO 2017140144 A1 WO2017140144 A1 WO 2017140144A1
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photonic crystal
clock signal
cross waveguide
signal generator
optical clock
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French (fr)
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欧阳征标
吴昌义
金鑫
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
    • G02F1/0151—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction modulating the refractive index
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/32—Photonic crystals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dual reverse phase optical clock signal generator, and more particularly to a photonic crystal cross waveguide dual reverse phase optical clock signal generator.
  • the traditional two-way optical clock signal generator with adjustable duty cycle and mutual logic is applied by the principle of geometric optics, so it is relatively large in size and cannot be used in optical path integration.
  • the combination of magneto-optical materials and novel photonic crystals has led to the development of many photonic devices.
  • the most important property is the gyromagnetic non-reciprocity of electromagnetic waves under bias magnetic fields, which makes magnetic photonic crystals not only have optical rotation characteristics, but also more Large transmission bandwidth and higher propagation efficiency.
  • Tiny devices can be fabricated based on photonic crystals, including dual inverted optical clock signal generators.
  • the photonic crystal waveguide optical path of the dual inverting optical clock signal generator is typically constructed by introducing line defects into the photonic crystal.
  • the optical clock is an important component of optical communication, optical logic devices, optical information processing systems, and optical computing. It has a wide range of applications.
  • the compact optical clock generator is an important component of the integrated wide chip.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a photonic crystal cross-waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator with small structure, high efficiency and short range for easy integration.
  • the invention is based on a photonic crystal cross waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator, comprising a photonic crystal cross waveguide with a TE forbidden band; the generator further comprises an input terminal 1, three output terminals 2, 3, 4, a silicon dielectric column 5, an isosceles right triangle defect dielectric column 6 and a defect dielectric column 7, the generator further comprising an electromagnet (8) providing a bias magnetic field and a rectangular wave current source (10);
  • the left end of the photonic crystal cross waveguide is an input end 1, and the output ends 2, 3, and 4 are respectively located at a lower end, a right end, and an upper end of the photonic crystal cross waveguide;
  • the defective dielectric column 7 is located at a center intersection of the cross waveguide;
  • Four isosceles right triangle defect dielectric columns 6 are respectively located at four corners of the cross waveguide intersection;
  • the photonic crystal waveguide inputs TE light from port 1, and outputs two opposite phase optical clock signals from port 2 and port 4.
  • the generator further includes a wire 9; one end of the electromagnet 8 is connected to one end of a rectangular wave current source 10; the other end of the electromagnet 8 is connected to the other end of the rectangular wave current source 10 via a wire 9.
  • the direction of the bias magnetic field provided by the electromagnet 8 changes periodically with time.
  • the photonic crystal is a two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal.
  • the photonic crystal is composed of a high refractive index material and a low refractive index material; the high refractive index material is silicon or a medium having a refractive index greater than 2; and the low refractive index medium is air or a medium having a refractive index of less than 1.4.
  • the T-shaped waveguide is a structure in which a middle one horizontal row and a middle vertical vertical dielectric column are removed from the photonic crystal.
  • the background dielectric column 5 at the corner of the T-shaped waveguide crosses an angle to form an isosceles right triangle shaped defect dielectric column.
  • the background silicon dielectric column 5 has a square shape.
  • the square silicon dielectric column is rotated 41 degrees counterclockwise in the z-axis direction of the dielectric column axis.
  • the isosceles right triangle defect media column 6 is a triangular column type.
  • the defect dielectric column 7 is a ferrite square column having a square shape, the magnetic permeability of the ferrite square column is anisotropic, and is controlled by a bias magnetic field, and the bias magnetic field direction is along the ferrite.
  • the axial direction of the square column is a ferrite square column having a square shape, the magnetic permeability of the ferrite square column is anisotropic, and is controlled by a bias magnetic field, and the bias magnetic field direction is along the ferrite.
  • the axial direction of the square column is a ferrite square column having a square shape, the magnetic permeability of the ferrite square column is anisotropic, and is controlled by a bias magnetic field, and the bias magnetic field direction is along the ferrite.
  • the axial direction of the square column is a ferrite square column having a square shape, the magnetic permeability of the ferrite square column is anisotropic, and is controlled by a bias magnetic field, and the bias magnetic field direction is along the fer
  • the invention has the following advantages:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a photonic crystal cross waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic structural view of a photonic crystal cross-waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural parameter distribution diagram of a photonic crystal cross waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of an optical clock signal of a photonic crystal cross waveguide dual inverting optical clock signal generator of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a logical contrast diagram of the forbidden band frequency of the photonic crystal cross waveguide dual inverting optical clock signal generator of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a logical contrast diagram of the forbidden band frequency of the photonic crystal cross-waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator in Embodiment 2.
  • Embodiment 7 is a band gap frequency of a photonic crystal cross waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator in Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the light field distribution of the photonic crystal cross waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator of the present invention.
  • a schematic structural diagram of a photonic crystal cross waveguide dual-channel inverse optical clock signal generator (deleting a bias circuit and a bias coil) includes a photonic crystal cross waveguide having a TE forbidden band, and the generator Also included is an input terminal 1, three output terminals 2, 3, 4, a background silicon dielectric column 5, an isosceles right triangle shaped defect dielectric column 6 and a square defect dielectric column 7; the initial signal light of the device is incident from the left port 1, Port 2 outputs light waves, port 3 and port 4 isolate light waves; the left end of the photonic crystal cross waveguide is input terminal 1, ports 2, 3, and 4 are respectively located at the lower end, the right end, and the upper end of the photonic crystal cross waveguide, and the photonic crystal waveguide is input by port 1.
  • the background silicon dielectric column 5 has a square shape, the optical axis direction is perpendicular to the paper, and the isosceles right triangle defect dielectric column 6 is a T-waveguide.
  • the background medium column 5 at the corner of the intersection deletes an angle to form an isosceles right triangle defect medium column
  • the isosceles right triangle defect medium column 6 is a triangular column type, and four isosceles right angle triangles
  • the shaped defect dielectric columns 6 are respectively located at the four corners of the intersection of the cross waveguides, the optical axis direction is the same as the background dielectric column, and the defective dielectric column 7 is located at the intersection of the center of the cross waveguide, and the defective dielectric column 7 is a ferrite square column, and its shape In the square shape, the optical axis direction is perpendicular to the paper surface, the magnetic permeability of the ferrite square column is anisotropic, and is controlled by the bias magnetic field, and the bias magnetic field direction is along the axis direction of the ferrite square column; The magnetic permeability of the ferrite square column is anisotropic and controlled by the bias magnetic field, and the bias magnetic field direction is along the axis direction of the
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view (including a bias circuit and a bias coil) of a dual-phase optical clock signal generator of a clear photonic crystal cross waveguide according to the present invention, the generator including an electromagnet 8 for providing a bias magnetic field. (electromagnet coil) and a rectangular wave current source (10); the generator further includes a wire 9 having one end connected to one end of a rectangular wave current source 10, The other end of the magnet 8 is connected to the other end of the rectangular wave current source 10 via a wire 9, which provides a periodic change in the direction of the bias magnetic field with time.
  • the generator of the present invention adopts a Cartesian Cartesian coordinate system as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2: the positive direction of the x-axis is horizontal to the right; the positive direction of the y-axis is vertically upward in the paper; the positive direction of the z-axis is perpendicular to the paper. Outward facing.
  • the photonic crystal of the invention has a square lattice, a lattice constant of a, a side length of the dielectric column of 0.3a, and a plane wave expansion method when the photonic crystal square silicon dielectric column rotates 41 degrees counterclockwise in the axial direction of the reference medium column (z axis).
  • the TE forbidden band structure in the photonic crystal is obtained, and the photonic TE forbidden band is 0.3150 to 0.4548 ( ⁇ a/2 ⁇ c), and the light wave of any frequency between them will be confined in the waveguide, and the square lattice dielectric column refers to the axis direction of the dielectric column (z The axis) rotated 41 degrees counterclockwise to obtain a larger and wider band gap.
  • the silicon dielectric waveguide used in the present invention needs to delete one row and one column of dielectric pillars to form a waveguide waveguide.
  • the waveguide plane is perpendicular to the axis of the dielectric column in the photonic crystal.
  • the side length is 0.28a, and the four isosceles right-angled triangular defect dielectric columns 5 are inclined to the ferrite column (square)
  • the distance of the axis of the defective dielectric column 6) is 1.2997a.
  • the optical axis of the ferrite square column coincides with the optical axis direction of the background dielectric column.
  • Ferrite is a magnetic anisotropy
  • the material, the magnetic anisotropy of the ferrite is induced by the applied DC bias magnetic field.
  • This magnetic field causes the magnetic dipoles in the ferrite to align in the same direction, resulting in a resultant magnetic dipole moment and precession of the magnetic dipole at a frequency controlled by the biasing magnetic field strength.
  • the bias magnetic field strength By adjusting the bias magnetic field strength, the interaction with the applied microwave signal can be controlled, thereby realizing the photonic crystal cross waveguide dual reverse optical clock signal generator.
  • the permeability tensor of ferrite exhibits asymmetry, in which the ferrite tensor permeability [ ⁇ ] is:
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • ⁇ is the gyromagnetic ratio
  • H 0 is the applied magnetic field
  • M S is the saturation magnetization
  • Factor, parameters ⁇ and k determine different ferrite materials, materials with this form of magnetic permeability tensor are called gyromagnetic, assuming that the direction of the bias is reversed, H 0 and M S will change the sign, So the direction of rotation will be reversed.
  • the bias magnetic field is generated by a bias electromagnet loaded with a bias current, which is a modulated signal, and the modulated signal is a time varying periodic signal.
  • the two-way reverse optical clock signal generator is generally realized by the following method: under the cyclically varying bias magnetic field, the angle required for the rotation of the light by the Faraday rotation effect is alternately output by two ports, that is, the output two channels are opposite in phase.
  • Optical clock signal under the cyclically varying bias magnetic field, the angle required for the rotation of the light by the Faraday rotation effect is alternately output by two ports, that is, the output two channels are opposite in phase.
  • the incident signal port is located at the position of the left port 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the port 1 is a TE optical signal.
  • the optical signal propagates in the waveguide formed by the dielectric column array of the silicon dielectric column 5.
  • the TE optical signal will all pass, and finally the TE optical signal will be output at the output port 2 position.
  • the TE optical signal has almost no output at the output ports 3 and 4.
  • the insertion loss in the waveguide is small.
  • port 2 is in the on state, and ports 3 and 4 are in the off state.
  • the incident signal port is located at the position of the left port 1 shown in FIG. 1, which is a TE optical signal.
  • the optical signal propagates in the waveguide formed by the dielectric column array of the silicon dielectric column 5. After the TE optical signal reaches the defect position in the form of the defective dielectric column 7, the TE optical signal will all pass, and finally the TE optical signal will be output at the output port 4.
  • the TE optical signal has almost no output at the output ports 2 and 3. At the same time, the insertion loss in the waveguide is small. At this time, port 4 is in the on state, and ports 2 and 3 are in the off state.
  • the selection of the lattice constant and the operating wavelength can be determined in the following manner.
  • the ⁇ value satisfying the wavelength range can be obtained by changing the value of the lattice constant a without changing the dispersion or the dispersion of the material.
  • the operating wavelength can be adjusted by the lattice constant between the dielectric columns without regard to dispersion or negligible dispersion.
  • Pulse rise time time required for the edge of a rectangular pulse to rise from 0 to 90% of the maximum output power. The pulse rise time of this structure depends on the rate of change of the magnetic field.
  • the duty cycle of the output clock signal can be adjusted, which is equal to the ratio of the time at which the modulated signal is positive to the time at which the modulated signal is negative.
  • Pulse rise time time required for the edge of the rectangular pulse to rise from 0 to 90% of the maximum output power, and the pulse rise time of the structure depends on the rate of change of the magnetic field.
  • the function of the dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator at different wavelengths can be realized by a method of changing the lattice constant in a proportional manner without considering the dispersion or the variation of the material dispersion.
  • the logic contrast in the forbidden band optical wave frequency range is obtained by simulation, and the structure has a high logic contrast duty ratio adjustable and mutually logical two-way optical clock signal generator, thereby realizing two-way The function of the inverse optical clock signal generator.
  • the function of the dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator at different wavelengths can be realized by a method of changing the lattice constant in a proportional manner without considering the dispersion or the variation of the material dispersion.
  • the logic contrast in the band frequency of the forbidden band is obtained by simulation, and the structure has a high logic contrast and a dual inverted optical clock signal generator function.
  • the function of the dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator at different wavelengths can be realized by a method of changing the lattice constant in a proportional manner without considering the dispersion or the variation of the material dispersion.
  • the logic contrast in the forbidden band optical frequency range is obtained by simulation, which has the function of a high logic contrast, dual inverting optical clock signal generator.

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Abstract

一种基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，包括一个具有ＴＥ禁带的光子晶体十字波导；发生器还包括一个输入端（1）、三个输出端（2、3、4），背景硅介质柱（5）、等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱（6）和缺陷介质柱（7），发生器还包括一个提供偏置磁场的电磁铁（8）和一个矩形波电流源（10）；光子晶体十字波导的左端为输入端（1），输出端（2、3、4）分别位于光子晶体十字波导的下端、右端、上端；缺陷介质柱（7）位于十字波导中心交叉处；光子晶体波导由端口（8）输入ＴＥ载波光，再从端口（2）和端口（4）输出两路相位相反的光学时钟信号。

Description

基于光子晶体十字波导的双路反相光学时钟信号发生器 技术领域
本发明涉及双路反相光学时钟信号发生器,尤其涉及一种光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器。
背景技术
传统的占空比可调及互为逻辑非的双路光学时钟信号发生器应用的是几何光学原理，因此体积都比较大，无法用于光路集成中。磁光材料与新型光子晶体的结合导致提出了许多光子器件，其最主要的性质是电磁波在偏置磁场下表现出的旋磁非互易性，使磁性光子晶体不仅具有旋光特性，还有着更大的传输带宽和更高的传播效率。以光子晶体为基础可以制作微小的器件，包括双路反相光学时钟信号发生器。双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的光子晶体波导光路一般在光子晶体中引入线缺陷来构建。光学时钟是光通信、光学逻辑器件、光学信息处理系统、光学计算的重要部件，具有广泛应用价值，紧凑型光学时钟发生器是集成广利芯片的重要部件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种结构体积小，高效短程便于集成的光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器。
发明的目的通过下述技术方案予以实现。
本发明基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，包括一个具有TE禁带的光子晶体十字波导；所述发生器还包括一个输入端1，三个输出端2、3、4，背景硅介质柱5、等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱6和缺陷介质柱7，所述发生器还包括一个提供偏置磁场的电磁铁(8)和一个矩形波电流源(10)； 所述光子晶体十字波导的左端为输入端1，所述输出端2、3、4分别位于光子晶体十字波导的下端、右端、上端；所述缺陷介质柱7位于十字波导中心交叉处；所述4个等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱6分别位于十字波导交叉的四个拐角处；所述光子晶体波导由端口1输入TE光，再从端口2和端口4输出两路相位相反的光学时钟信号。
所述发生器进一步包括导线9；所述电磁铁8的一端与个矩形波电流源10的一端相连接；所述电磁铁8的另一端通过导线9与矩形波电流源10的另一端相连接，该电磁铁8提供的偏置磁场的方向随时间做周期变化。
所述光子晶体为二维正方晶格光子晶体。
所述光子晶体由高折射率材料和低折射率材料组成；所述高折射率材料为硅或折射率大于2的介质；所述低折射率介质为空气或折射率小于1.4的介质。
所述T型波导为光子晶体中移除中间一横排和中间一竖排介质柱后的结构。
所述T型波导交叉拐角处的背景介质柱5删除一个角以形成等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱。
所述背景硅介质柱5的形状为正方形。
所述正方形硅介质柱以介质柱轴线z轴方向逆时针旋转41度。
所述等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱6为三角柱型。
所述缺陷介质柱7为铁氧体方柱，其形状为正方形，该铁氧体方柱的磁导率为各向异性，且受偏置磁场的控制，偏置磁场方向沿着铁氧体方柱的轴线方向。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的优点：
(1)结构体积小，时间响应快，光传输效率高，适合大规模光路集成；
(2)便于集成，可以短程高效地实现TE光双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，， 具有极大的实用价值；
(3)应用光子晶体可等比例缩放的特性，通过等比例改变晶格常数的方法，可以实现不同波长双路反相时钟信号的产生。
(4)高对比度、高隔离度，同时还具有较宽的工作波长范围，可以允许有一定频谱宽度的脉冲，或高斯光，或不同波长的光工作，或多个波长的光同时工作，具有实用意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明的光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的一种结构示意图。
图中：输入端1 输出端2 输出端3 输出端4 背景硅介质柱5 等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱6 缺陷介质柱7
图2是本发明的光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的另一种结构示意图。
图中：电磁铁8 导线9 矩形波电流源10
图3是本发明的光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的结构参数分布图。
图4是本发明光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的光学时钟信号波形图。
图5是实施例1中光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的禁带频率的逻辑对比度图。
图6是实施例2中光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器禁带频率的逻辑对比度图。
图7是实施例3中光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器禁带频 率的逻辑对比度图。
图8是本发明光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的光场分布示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的结构示意图(删除偏置电路和偏置线圈)，包括一个具有TE禁带的光子晶体十字波导，该发生器还包括一个输入端1，三个输出端2、3、4，背景硅介质柱5，等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱6和方形缺陷介质柱7；本器件初始信号光从左方端口1入射，端口2输出光波，端口3和端口4隔离光波；光子晶体十字波导的左端为输入端1，端口2、3、4分别位于光子晶体十字波导的下端、右端、上端，光子晶体波导由端口1输入TE光，再从端口2和端口4输出两路相位相反的光学时钟信号；背景硅介质柱5形状为正方形，光轴方向垂直纸面向外，等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱6为，T型波导交叉拐角处的背景介质柱5删除一个角以形成等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱，等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱6为三角柱型，4个等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱6分别位于十字波导交叉的四个拐角处，光轴方向与背景介质柱相同，缺陷介质柱7位于十字波导中心交叉处，该缺陷介质柱7为铁氧体方柱，其形状为正方形，光轴方向垂直纸面向外，该铁氧体方柱的磁导率为各向异性，且受偏置磁场的控制，偏置磁场方向沿着铁氧体方柱的轴线方向；该铁氧体方柱的磁导率为各向异性，且受偏置磁场的控制，偏置磁场方向沿着铁氧体方柱的轴线方向。如图2所示，本发明的明光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的结构示意图(含有偏置电路和偏置线圈)，该发生器包括一个提供偏置磁场的电磁铁8(电磁铁线圈)和一个矩形波电流源(10)；发生器还包括导线9，电磁铁8的一端与个矩形波电流源10的一端相连接，电 磁铁8的另一端通过导线9与矩形波电流源10的另一端相连接，该电磁铁8提供偏置磁场的方向随时间做周期变化。本发明的发生器如图1与图2所示采用笛卡尔直角坐标系：x轴正方向为水平向右；y轴正方向为在纸面内竖直向上；z轴正方向为垂直于纸面向外。
如图3所示，本器件的相关参数为：
Figure PCTCN2016106678-appb-000001
本发明光子晶体为正方晶格，晶格常数为a，介质柱边长为0.3a，在光子晶体正方形硅介质柱参考介质柱轴线方向(z轴)逆时针旋转41度时，采用平面波展开法得到光子晶体中TE禁带结构，其光子TE禁带为0.3150至0.4548(ωa/2πc)，其中间的任何频率的光波将被限制在波导中，正方晶格介质柱参考介质柱轴线方向(z轴)逆时针旋转41度后，获得了更大更宽的禁带范围。
本发明所使用硅介质波导需要删除一行和一列介质柱而形成导波波导。波导平面垂直于光子晶体中的介质柱的轴线。通过在上述十字波导十字交叉处引入一个铁氧体方柱(正方形缺陷柱7)，其边长为0.28a，4个等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱5斜边面分别到铁氧体柱(正方形缺陷介质柱6)轴线的距离为1.2997a。铁氧体方柱的光轴与背景介质柱的光轴方向一致。
本发明的原理介绍主要针对磁光介质加以解释。铁氧体是一种磁各向异性 的材料，铁氧体的磁各向异性是由外加直流偏置磁场所诱导的。该磁场使铁氧体中的磁偶极子循同一方向排列，从而产生合成的磁偶极距，并使磁偶极子在由偏置磁场强度所控制的频率下做进动。通过调整偏置磁场强度可控制与外加微波信号的相互作用，从而实现光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器。在偏置磁场的作用下，铁氧体的磁导率张量表现为非对称性，其中铁氧体张量磁导率[μ]为：
Figure PCTCN2016106678-appb-000002
磁导率张量的矩阵元中的有关参量由以下式子给出：
ω0＝μ0γH0   (2)
ωm＝μ0γMs   (3)
ω＝2πf   (4)
Figure PCTCN2016106678-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016106678-appb-000004
其中，μ0为真空中的磁导率，γ为旋磁比，H0为外加磁场，MS为饱和磁化强度，为工作频率，p＝k/μ为归一化磁化频率，也叫分离因子，参数μ和k决定不同铁氧体材料，具有这种形式的磁导率张量的材料称为旋磁性的，假定偏置的方向是相反的，则H0和MS将改变符号，所以旋转方向也会相反。
偏置磁场由偏置电磁铁产生，偏置电磁铁中加载有偏置电流，该偏置电流为调制信号，调制信号为时变周期信号。
通过调节偏置磁场H的大小来确定符合H＝H0时，光从端口4输出，H＝-H0 时，光从端口2输出。从而实现双路反相光学时钟信号发生器。
双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，一般通过以下方法实现：在周期变化偏置磁场下，利用法拉第旋转效应，使光旋转所需要的角度，由两个端口交替输出，即输出两路相位相反的光学时钟信号。
通过数值扫描计算得到，d2＝0.3a，d3＝0.2817a，d5＝1.2997a，归一化光波频率f＝0.4121，相对介电常数εr＝12.9，光信号从端口2输出最大值，且从端口4输出最小。当偏置磁场方向改变时，H0和MS的符号改变，使光信号的环形方向应改变。因此，光信号从端口4输出最大值，且从端口2输出最小。
当在硅介质柱阵列波导中引入上述缺陷后，入射信号端口位于图1所示左方端口1的位置，该端口1处为TE光信号。光信号在以硅介质柱5的介质柱阵列形成的波导中传播，TE光信号到达缺陷介质柱7形式的缺陷位置后，TE光信号将全部通过，最后TE光信号将在输出端口2位置输出；TE光信号在输出端口3和4位置几乎没有输出。同时，在波导中插入损失很小。此时端口2为导通状态，端口3和4处于关闭状态。当偏置磁场方向改变时，入射信号端口位于图1所示左方端口1的位置，该端口1处为TE光信号。光信号在以硅介质柱5的介质柱阵列形成的波导中传播，TE光信号到达缺陷介质柱7形式的缺陷位置后，TE光信号将全部通过，最后TE光信号将在输出端口4位置输出；TE光信号在输出端口2和3位置几乎没有输出。同时，在波导中插入损失很小。此时端口4为导通状态，端口2和3处于关闭状态。
对于晶格常数和工作波长的选取，可以采用以下方式确定。通过公式
Figure PCTCN2016106678-appb-000005
其中以及本发明中正方晶格硅结构的的归一化禁带频率范围
fnorm＝0.3150～0.4548   (8)
计算出相应的禁带波长范围为：
λ＝2.1987a～3.1746a   (9)
由此可见在不考虑色散或材质色散变化很小的情况下，可以通过改变晶格常数a的值得到与其等比例的满足波长范围的λ值。工作波长可以在不考虑色散或色散可忽略的情况下通过介质柱间晶格常数来调节。
如图4所示，通过控制电压，得到光功率输出波形，其中T1时段磁场为-H，从端口2输出；T2时段磁场为H，从端口4输出。光学时钟信号占空比＝信号为1的时间/信号为0的时间＝T1/T2。脉冲上升时间＝矩形脉冲边沿从0上升到最高输出功率的90％时需要的时间，该结构的脉冲上升时间取决于磁场的变化速度。
通过调节调制信号的正负取值时间比例，可调节输出时钟信号的占空比，它等于调制信号为正值的时间与调制信号为负的时间之比。
光学时钟参数：
(1)脉冲上升时间＝矩形脉冲边沿从0上升到最高输出功率的90％时需要的时间，该结构的脉冲上升时间取决于磁场的变化速度。
(2)时钟频率＝磁场的变化频率
(3)逻辑对比度定义为：
对于端口2导通：10log(导通时端口2的输出功率/断开时端口2的输出功率)＝10log(P开/P关)
对于端口4导通：10log(导通时端口4的输出功率/断时端口4的输出功率)＝10log(P开/P关)
隔离度定义为：隔离度＝10log(输入功率/隔离端输出功率)＝10log(P入/P隔)
通过图6可知，在归一化光波频率ωa/2πc＝0.4121时，其逻辑对比度可达到48dB。
实施例1
本实施例中，在不考虑色散或材质色散变化很小的情况下，通过等比例改变晶格常数的方法，可以实现不同波长下双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的功能。令参数a＝6.1772×10-3[m]，d2＝0.3a，d3＝0.2817a，d5＝1.2997a，μ＝9.6125，p＝0.7792，归一化光波频率ωa/2πc＝0.4121，其他参数不变，使其对应到20GHz的光波。参照图5，通过仿真计算得到在禁带光波频率范围内的逻辑对比度，该结构具有高逻辑对比度的占空比可调及互为逻辑非的双路光学时钟信号发生器，从而实现了双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的功能。
实施例2
本实施例中，在不考虑色散或材质色散变化很小的情况下，通过等比例改变晶格常数的方法，可以实现不同波长下双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的功能。令参数a＝4.1181×10-3[m]，d2＝0.3a，d3＝0.2817a，d5＝1.2997a，μ＝9.6125，p＝0.7792，归一化光波频率ωa/2πc＝0.4121，其他参数不变，使其对应到30GHz的光波。参照图6，通过仿真计算得到在禁带光波频率范围内的逻辑对比度，该结构具有高逻辑对比度、双路反相光学时钟信号发生器功能。
实施例3
本实施例中，在不考虑色散或材质色散变化很小的情况下，通过等比例改变晶格常数的方法，可以实现不同波长下双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的功能。令参数a＝3.0886×10-3[m]，d2＝0.3a，d3＝0.2817a，d5＝1.2997a，μ＝9.6125，p＝0.7792，归一化光波频率ωa/2πc＝0.4121，其他参数不变，使其对应到40GHz的光波。参照图7，通过仿真计算得到在禁带光波频率范围内的逻辑对比度，该 结构具有高逻辑对比度、双路反相光学时钟信号发生器的功能。
通过图8可知，在归一化光波频率ωa/2πc＝0.4121时，由有限元软件COMSOL进行计算，得到光场模拟图。由此可知，TE光分别高效地传播至端口2和端口4。
以上所述本发明在具体实施方式及应用范围均有改进之处，不应当理解为对本发明限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于，包括一个具有TE禁带的光子晶体十字波导；所述发生器还包括一个输入端(1)、三个输出端(2、3、4)、背景硅介质柱(5)、等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱(6)和缺陷介质柱(7)，所述发生器还包括一个提供偏置磁场的电磁铁(8)和一个矩形波电流源(10)；所述光子晶体十字波导的左端为输入端(1)，所述输出端(2、3、4)、分别位于光子晶体十字波导的下端、右端、上端；所述缺陷介质柱(7)位于十字波导中心交叉处；所述4个等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱(6)分别位于十字波导交叉的四个拐角处；所述光子晶体波导由端口(1)输入TE光，再从端口(2)和端口(4)输出两路相位相反的光学时钟信号。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述发生器进一步包括导线(9)；所述电磁铁(8)的一端与个矩形波电流源(10)的一端相连接；所述电磁铁(8)的另一端通过导线(9)与矩形波电流源(10)的另一端相连接；所述电磁铁(8)提供的偏置磁场的方向随时间做周期变化。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述光子晶体为二维正方晶格光子晶体。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述光子晶体由高折射率材料和低折射率材料组成；所述高折射率材料为硅或折射率大于2的介质；所述 低折射率介质为空气或折射率小于1.4的介质。
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述T型波导为光子晶体中移除中间一横排和中间一竖排介质柱后的结构。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述T型波导交叉拐角处的背景介质柱(5)删除一个角以形成等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱。
  7. 按照权利要求1所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述背景硅介质柱(5)的形状为正方形。
  8. 按照权利要求7所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述正方形硅介质柱以介质柱轴线z轴方向逆时针旋转41度。
  9. 按照权利要1所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述等腰直角三角形缺陷介质柱(6)为三角柱型。
  10. 按照权利要求1所述的基于光子晶体十字波导双路反相光学时钟信号发生器，其特征在于：所述缺陷介质柱(7)为铁氧体方柱，其形状为正方形，该铁氧体方柱的磁导率为各向异性，且受偏置磁场的控制，偏置磁场方向沿着铁氧体方柱的轴线方向。
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