WO2017131062A1 - 黄色ブドウ球菌を検出するための培地及び該培地を有する黄色ブドウ球菌検出シート、並びにそれらを用いる黄色ブドウ球菌の検出方法 - Google Patents
黄色ブドウ球菌を検出するための培地及び該培地を有する黄色ブドウ球菌検出シート、並びにそれらを用いる黄色ブドウ球菌の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
- C12M1/34—Measuring or testing with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a medium for detecting Staphylococcus aureus, a Staphylococcus aureus detection sheet having the medium, and a method for detecting Staphylococcus aureus using them.
- Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that produces various toxins. Staphylococcus aureus is also a causative organism that causes severe bacterial infections such as sepsis, endocarditis, and lung or osteoarthritis. For this reason, means for detecting S. aureus simply and with high accuracy is required in facilities (for example, factories or restaurants) that handle foods or beverages, medical facilities, and the like.
- Patent Document 1 is a method for identifying and measuring staphylococci in a sample containing one or more bacteria, i) inoculating a selective medium with a sample aliquot, An inhibitor to promote staphylococcal growth, a first substrate capable of forming a first observable color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase, and a second color in the presence of staphylococci And ii) incubating the inoculated medium to form bacterial colonies in the presence of the first and second substrates in the medium. Forming the bacterial colonies large enough to be seen, and iii) measuring the colonies identified by the presence of the second color of the second substrate, Providing a number of staphylococci in the sample.
- the inhibitor may be selected from the group consisting of colistin methanesulfonate, nalidixic acid and lithium chloride.
- the document is an indolylglucopyranoside substrate in which the first substrate provides a visual color change in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase, and the second substrate has a visual color in the presence of staphylococci. It describes that it provides the change of.
- Patent Document 2 describes a culture medium for detection of Staphylococcus aureus and / or coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococci) comprising S. aureus culture medium and at least one enzyme substrate for expressing ⁇ -glucosidase activity.
- Staphylococci coagulase-positive staphylococci
- This document describes indoxyl compounds as at least one enzyme substrate for the expression of ⁇ -glucosidase activity.
- the medium or culture medium disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is usually used in the form of a flat solid medium formed in a sterile petri dish using a gelling agent such as agar.
- a gelling agent such as agar.
- high-level techniques may be required for operations such as preparation of a flat solid medium, dispensing of a sample, and cultivation of microorganisms.
- Patent Document 3 is a microorganism culture sheet having a base sheet, a culture layer formed on the base sheet, and a cover sheet covering the culture layer, the culture layer comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone And a culture solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a gelling agent, a nutritional component, a coloring indicator, a selective agent and a substrate, is described.
- This document states that the microorganism culture sheet allows the user to easily and stably carry out bacterial count testing for foods or beverages.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a detection means capable of identifying S. aureus with high accuracy.
- the present inventors have studied various means for solving the above problems.
- the present inventors added a chromogenic substrate specific to two types of enzymes expressed in Staphylococcus aureus and a high concentration of a selective agent to the medium, using the color of colonies formed on the medium as an index. It has been found that Staphylococcus aureus can be detected with high accuracy. Based on the above findings, the present inventors have completed the present invention.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) Contains one or more nutrients, a color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase, a color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase, and 0.5 mg / cm 3 or more sodium colistin methanesulfonate Medium for detecting S. aureus. (2) The color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase is 6-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside, and the color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase is 5-bromo-3-indoxyl.
- the medium according to (1) above which is a phosphate.
- the color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase is 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside
- the color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase is 5-bromo-
- the medium according to (1) above which is 6-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate.
- a microorganism culture substrate for detecting S. aureus having a substrate and a culture layer disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, The microorganism culture substrate, wherein the culture layer contains the medium according to any one of (1) to (6).
- the method according to (7) further including a sheet-shaped base material and a cover sheet that covers the culture layer, wherein the culture layer further includes polyvinylpyrrolidone and one or more gelling agents.
- the microorganism culture substrate as described.
- a method for detecting Staphylococcus aureus A sample addition step of adding a sample containing microorganisms to the culture medium according to any one of (1) to (6) or the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate according to (7) or (8); A colony formation step of incubating a culture medium or a microorganism culture substrate to which a sample has been added to form a colony of microorganisms; A strain identification step of identifying S. aureus based on the color of the formed colonies of microorganisms.
- a sample containing microorganisms is added to the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate according to (7) or (8), and the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate is a sample containing a microorganism.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of the microorganism culture base material for detecting the Staphylococcus aureus of 1 aspect of this invention.
- A a top view of a microorganism culture substrate of one embodiment of the present invention
- the vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the state which coat
- FIG. 1 It is an appearance perspective view showing one embodiment of a microbial culture substrate for detecting Staphylococcus aureus of one mode of the present invention. It is an external appearance perspective view which shows another one Embodiment of the microorganism culture base material for detecting S. aureus of 1 aspect of this invention. 6 is a photograph showing the formation state and color of each strain colony after color development in Experiment 5.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the formation state and color of each strain colony after color development in Experiment 6.
- Staphylococcus aureus means Staphylococcus aureus.
- Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium classified into the genus Staphylococcus (staphylococcus).
- staphylococcus a Gram-positive bacterium classified into the genus Staphylococcus (staphylococcus).
- the presence of Staphylococcus aureus can be confirmed by a culture test using a selective medium for Staphylococcus aureus such as Baird Parker agar medium or yolk-added mannitol salt agar medium.
- Staphylococcus aureus is selectively grown by a selective agent added to the media and determined to be Staphylococcus aureus by the yolk reaction or mannitol degradability.
- bacterial species other than Staphylococcus aureus may be detected as false positives.
- S. aureus is usually determined by a coagulase test using the coagulase activity as an index after the culture test.
- Coagulase is an extracellular enzyme having plasma clotting action expressed in Staphylococcus aureus. Coagulase is known to be associated with human virulence by S. aureus.
- coagulase activity As an indicator, it is distinguished from non-staphylococci such as enterococci (Enterococcus) and spore bacteria (Bacillus), and many staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus. It has been thought that can be detected. However, some staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus have coagulase producing ability like Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, these staphylococci may be detected as false positives in a detection test for S. aureus using coagulase activity as an index.
- enterococci Enterococcus
- Bacillus spore bacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus that uses an enzyme activity other than coagulase, for example, an enzyme activity of various extracellular enzymes such as ⁇ -glucosidase, phosphatase, ⁇ -glucuronidase, ⁇ -galactosidase or ⁇ -glucosidase as an index.
- an enzyme activity other than coagulase for example, an enzyme activity of various extracellular enzymes such as ⁇ -glucosidase, phosphatase, ⁇ -glucuronidase, ⁇ -galactosidase or ⁇ -glucosidase as an index.
- Staphylococcus aureus expresses both of the enzymes as extracellular enzymes, whereas staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus express only one of the enzymes. Or it has been thought that neither enzyme is expressed. For this reason, it has been considered that Staphylococcus aureus can be specifically detected by using two kinds of enzyme activities of ⁇ -glucosidase and phosphatase as indices (Patent Document 2). However, the present inventors have found that some staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus may be detected as false positives even in a test using two enzyme activities, ⁇ -glucosidase and phosphatase. It was.
- the present inventors added a high concentration of a selective agent to the medium. By doing so, it has been found that Staphylococcus aureus can be detected with high accuracy using the color of colonies formed on the medium as an index.
- the medium for detecting Staphylococcus aureus of this embodiment comprises one or more nutrient components, a color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase, a color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase, and a high concentration of colistin. It is necessary to contain sodium methanesulfonate. In addition to the two kinds of chromogenic substrates, by using the medium of this embodiment containing sodium colistin methanesulfonate at a high concentration, not only microorganisms other than staphylococci but also staphylococci other than staphylococci are false positives. It is possible to detect only S. aureus with high accuracy.
- Nutritional components include, but are not limited to, for example, peptone, tryptone, soyton, meat extract, yeast extract, sodium pyruvate and egg yolk mixture; sugar or sugar alcohol such as D (-)-mannitol; potassium phosphate; Mention may be made of inorganic salts such as sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; and amino acids such as glycine.
- the concentration of the nutrient component is determined by a person skilled in the art from the range normally used in the art based on the state, volume, and / or culture conditions of the sample containing the culture medium and / or target microorganism of this embodiment. It can be set appropriately.
- the “selective agent” means a compound having antibacterial activity that can suppress the growth of a specific microorganism that is not a detection target, that is, Staphylococcus aureus.
- a compound having antibacterial activity is sometimes referred to as an “antibacterial agent”.
- the medium of this embodiment contains 0.5 mg / cm 3 or more of sodium colistin methanesulfonate as a selective agent.
- the concentration of colistin sodium methanesulfonate is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 4.1 mg / cm 3 , more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.8 mg / cm 3 , and in the range of 2.3 to 2.8 mg / cm 3 .
- concentration is defined as mass concentration with respect to the total volume of the culture medium of this aspect.
- one embodiment of the present invention is a microorganism culture substrate for detecting Staphylococcus aureus having a substrate described below and a culture layer disposed on the upper surface of the substrate and containing the medium of the present embodiment.
- the concentration is defined as the mass concentration with respect to the total volume of the dried culture layer containing the medium of the present embodiment in the microorganism culture substrate of the present embodiment.
- the concentration of sodium colistin methanesulfonate is usually 0.2 mg / ml or more as a mass concentration with respect to the total volume of the sample added to the dry culture layer, and is in the range of 0.2 to 1.6 mg / ml. It is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1.1 mg / ml, more preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 mg / ml, and particularly preferably about 1 mg / ml.
- Colistin sodium methanesulfonate is a compound known as an antibacterial agent against Gram-negative bacteria, and is usually used at a concentration of 0.1 mg / ml (100 ⁇ g / ml) or less, for example, 1-20 ⁇ g / ml (Japan) Journal of Chemotherapy, Vol. 60, No. 4, p. 446-467, 2012).
- Sodium colistin methanesulfonate is not normally used as an antibacterial agent against gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococci.
- the present inventors have confirmed that colistin methanesulfonate sodium is 0.5 mg / cm 3 against staphylococcus (Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp.
- Saprophyticus which is a staphylococcus other than Staphylococcus aureus.
- concentrations above 1.3 mg / cm 3 for Staphylococcus carnosus, against Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus sciuri It was found that growth was suppressed at a high concentration of 2.3 mg / cm 3 or more.
- the concentration of colistin sodium methanesulfonate is 0.5 mg / cm 3 (in the case of the microorganism culture substrate, 0.2 mg / ml as the mass concentration with respect to the total volume of the sample added to the dry culture layer) or more In this case, it is possible to substantially suppress the growth of rot staphylococci and prevent the strain from being detected as a false positive.
- the concentration of colistin sodium methanesulfonate is 2.3 mg / cm 3 (in the case of the microorganism culture substrate, 0.9 mg / ml as the mass concentration with respect to the total volume of the sample added to the dry culture layer),
- the growth of Staphylococcus carnosus, Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus squirri can be substantially suppressed and the strain can be prevented from being detected as a false positive. .
- the concentration of sodium colistin methanesulfonate is 4.1 mg / cm 3 or less (in the case of the microorganism culture substrate, 1.6 mg / ml as the mass concentration with respect to the total volume of the sample added to the dry culture layer)
- the strain can be detected as positive without suppressing the growth of the main Staphylococcus aureus to be detected in the technical field.
- the concentration of sodium colistin methanesulfonate is 2.8 mg / cm 3 (in the case of the microorganism culture substrate, 1.1 mg / ml as the mass concentration relative to the total volume of the sample added to the dry culture layer)
- the strain can be detected as positive without suppressing the growth of almost all the Staphylococcus aureus that is the detection target in the technical field. Therefore, by containing colistin sodium methanesulfonate at the above-described high concentration, it is possible to substantially prevent staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from being detected as false positives in the medium of this embodiment.
- the medium of this embodiment can optionally contain one or more additional selection agents.
- the one or more additional selective agents can be appropriately selected from compounds having antibacterial activity that are usually used in the art as selective agents added to the medium for detecting S. aureus.
- One or more additional selective agents can include, but are not limited to, lithium chloride, lithium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium azide, potassium tellurite, nalidixic acid, deferoxamine, aztreonam and bacitracin.
- the one or more further selective agents are preferably a combination of lithium chloride, sodium azide and nalidixic acid.
- the concentration of the one or more additional selective agents is usually used in the art based on the state, volume, and / or culture conditions of the sample containing the culture medium of this embodiment and / or the target microorganism.
- concentration of lithium chloride is preferably in the range of 1 to 40 mg / cm 3 .
- concentration of sodium azide is preferably in the range of 20 to 200 ⁇ g / cm 3 .
- concentration of nalidixic acid is preferably in the range of 10 to 40 ⁇ g / cm 3 .
- concentration is defined as mass concentration with respect to the total volume of the culture medium of this aspect.
- the concentration is the same as that of the culture layer in a dry state containing the medium of the present embodiment in the microbial culture substrate of the present embodiment. Defined as mass concentration relative to total volume.
- the concentration of the selective agent such as colistin sodium methanesulfonate contained in the culture medium of the present aspect is, for example, solvent extraction, distillation, recrystallization, adsorption, distribution, and gel of the selective agent contained in a certain volume of culture medium.
- the selective agent is determined by quantitative analysis using analysis means such as liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (LC / MS). can do.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase known as an extracellular enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus.
- ⁇ -glucosidase known as an extracellular enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus.
- the color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase include, but are not limited to, 6-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside (pink), 6-bromo-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside (red), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside (light blue), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-N-methyl- ⁇ - Name D-glucoside (green), 5-bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside (red purple), 5-bromo-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside (blue) Can
- Each of the color formers is an enzyme substrate that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the case where the color former is 6-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside will be described as an example.
- the target microorganism expresses ⁇ -glucosidase, it is added to the medium along with the growth of the microorganism.
- the 6-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside contained is hydrolyzed to glucose and an indole compound (6-chloro-3-indole).
- the formed indole compound further dimerizes and develops a pink color.
- Other color formers are similarly hydrolyzed and dimerized to develop the color shown in parentheses.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a coloring agent that develops color in the presence of phosphatase, which is known as an extracellular enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus.
- phosphatase which is known as an extracellular enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus.
- the color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase include, but are not limited to, 5-bromo-3-indoxyl phosphate (blue), 6-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate (pink), 6-bromo -3-Indoxyl phosphate (red), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate (light blue), 5-bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate (red purple).
- Each of the color formers is an enzyme substrate that develops color in the presence of phosphatase.
- the color former is 5-bromo-3-indoxyl phosphate
- 5-bromo-3 contained in the medium as the microorganism grows.
- -Indoxyl phosphate is hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid and indole compound (5-bromo-3-indole).
- the formed indole compound is further dimerized to develop a color from blue to deep blue.
- Other color formers are similarly hydrolyzed and dimerized to develop the color shown in parentheses.
- the medium of this embodiment contains a color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase and a color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase.
- the color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase is 6-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside, and the color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase is 5-bromo-3-indoxyl phosphate.
- the color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase is 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside
- the color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase is 5-bromo Preferred is 6-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate. Since S.
- aureus has ⁇ -glucosidase production ability and phosphatase production ability
- the color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase is 6-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside
- the colony in which the strain grew has a pink color due to ⁇ -glucosidase activity. It was expected to develop a mixed color of blue to dark blue due to phosphatase activity, for example, purple.
- the staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus the staphylococci other than Staphylococcus intermedius among the staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus, such as rot staphylococci, Staphylococcus carnosus, staphylo
- the growth of the strain is suppressed by a high concentration of sodium colistin methanesulfonate, so that it is possible to express the ability to produce ⁇ -glucosidase and / or phosphatase. No color development.
- the strain when a Bacillus genus other than staphylococci is present in the medium of the present embodiment containing the combination of the color formers, the strain is inhibited from growing or grows in some cases and the colony develops a pink color.
- the color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase is 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside
- the color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase is 5-bromo-6
- Staphylococcus aureus was present in the medium of this embodiment which is -chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate, it was found that the strain grew and the colony developed a red purple color.
- the staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus the staphylococci other than Staphylococcus intermedius among the staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus, such as rot staphylococci, Staphylococcus xylosus or staphylo
- the growth of the strain is suppressed by a high concentration of sodium colistin methanesulfonate, so that ⁇ -glucosidase production ability and / or phosphatase production ability cannot be expressed and no color is developed.
- the medium of this embodiment can detect staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus and other microorganisms as false positives, Only S. aureus can be detected with high accuracy.
- the medium of this embodiment can contain one or more solvents as desired.
- the one or more solvents include, but are not limited to, water, lower alcohols (eg, alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, or 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol)), Mention may be made of higher alcohols (for example alcohols having 7 or more carbon atoms such as 1-heptanol or 1-octanol) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
- the one or more solvents are preferably water.
- the medium of this embodiment can be used in any form of a solid medium and a liquid medium.
- the medium according to this aspect is an embodiment of a liquid medium
- the medium according to this aspect is used for liquid culture in a state where it is accommodated in a culture container such as a flask, petri dish, tube, or multiwell plate that is usually used in the art. It can be used as a culture medium.
- the medium of this aspect can be used in any shape.
- the medium of this aspect is, for example, a state of a flat solid medium housed in a culture container such as a petri dish or a multiwell plate usually used in the technical field, or a predetermined shape on the upper surface of the substrate. It can be used in the state of the culture substrate arranged in (1).
- the medium of this aspect usually comprises one or more gelling agents.
- the one or more gelling agents can be appropriately selected from compounds usually used in the art as a gelling agent for solidifying a medium for detecting S. aureus.
- Examples of one or more gelling agents include, but are not limited to, carrageenan, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, psyllium seed gum, guar gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginic acid and alginates, agar, and gelatin. be able to.
- the one or more gelling agents are preferably a combination of psyllium seed gum and guar gum.
- the concentration of the one or more gelling agents is usually used in the technical field based on the state, volume, and / or culture conditions of the sample containing the culture medium and / or the target microorganism of this embodiment. Those skilled in the art can appropriately set the range.
- the medium of this embodiment can detect only Staphylococcus aureus with high accuracy without detecting coexisting staphylococci and other microorganisms as false positives.
- Microbial culture substrate for detecting Staphylococcus aureus The medium of one embodiment of the present invention can be used as a solid medium having any shape. Therefore, another aspect of the present invention relates to a microbial culture substrate for detecting Staphylococcus aureus having a substrate and a culture layer disposed on the upper surface of the substrate and containing the medium of the present invention.
- the substrate can be appropriately selected from various shapes usually used in the technical field such as a sheet shape, a film shape, a plate shape, or a container shape (for example, a circular or square petri dish).
- the shape of the culture layer is not particularly limited. It can be appropriately selected based on the shape of the substrate.
- the culture layer contains the medium of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the medium of one embodiment of the present invention contained in the culture layer has the characteristics described above. Therefore, the microorganism culture substrate of this embodiment can detect only Staphylococcus aureus with high accuracy without detecting coexisting staphylococci and other microorganisms as false positives.
- the microorganism culture substrate of this embodiment preferably has a sheet-shaped substrate (hereinafter also referred to as “substrate sheet”).
- substrate sheet The microorganism culture substrate of this embodiment having a substrate sheet (hereinafter also referred to as “microbe culture sheet for detecting S. aureus” or simply “microbe culture sheet”) includes a substrate sheet and the substrate sheet. And a cover sheet that covers the culture layer.
- the culture layer includes, for example, the medium of one embodiment of the present invention, one or more fixing agents, and one or more gelling agents.
- a microorganism culture sheet having a base sheet and a culture layer containing a solid medium disposed on the upper surface of the base sheet is known.
- Such a microorganism culture sheet is disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. 2011/007802 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-90701.
- the form of any microorganism culture sheet known in the art as disclosed in the above literature can be applied to the microorganism culture substrate for detecting S. aureus of this embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a microorganism culture substrate for detecting S. aureus of this embodiment.
- (a) is a top view of the microorganism culture substrate of the present embodiment
- (b) is a schematic vertical sectional view along II ′ in (a)
- (c) is a cover. It is a vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the state which bent the sheet
- the microorganism culture sheet of the embodiment having a sheet-shaped substrate that is an embodiment of the microorganism culture substrate of this aspect includes, for example, a substrate sheet 10 and an upper surface of the substrate sheet 10 as shown in FIG.
- the culture layer 30 is disposed, and a cover sheet 40 that covers the culture layer 30 is provided.
- the substrate sheet 10 may be a single-layer sheet or a multilayer sheet having a structure in which a plurality of sheets made of the same or different materials are laminated.
- the cover sheet 40 may also be a single-layer sheet or a multilayer sheet having a structure in which a plurality of sheets made of the same or different materials are laminated.
- the culture layer 30 may be a single layer or a multilayer having a structure in which a plurality of layers having the same or different compositions are laminated. When the culture layer 30 has a multilayer structure, it is sufficient that at least one layer contains the medium of this embodiment.
- the shapes of the base material sheet and the cover sheet are not particularly limited.
- the shape of the base sheet 10 and the cover sheet 40 may be a square, another polygon such as a triangle, a circle such as a true circle or an ellipse, or an indefinite shape. Also good.
- the shapes of the base sheet 10 and the cover sheet 40 may be the same or different from each other.
- the sizes of the base sheet 10 and the cover sheet 40 may be the same or different from each other.
- the base sheet 10 and the cover sheet 40 have the same shape and size.
- the cover sheet 40 can cover the entire upper surface of the substrate sheet 10 on which the culture layer 30 is disposed to protect the culture layer 30.
- the shape of the culture layer is not particularly limited.
- the shape of the culture layer 30 may be a circle such as a perfect circle or an ellipse, a quadrangle such as a square or a rectangle, a polygon such as a triangle, or an indefinite shape.
- the size of the culture layer 30 can be appropriately set within a range that can be disposed on the upper surface of the base sheet 10.
- the culture layer 30 is circular.
- the sample can be uniformly diffused throughout the culture layer 30 by adding the sample to the vicinity of the center of the culture layer 30.
- the cover sheet is preferably fixed to the base sheet.
- the means for fixing the cover sheet is not particularly limited.
- the cover sheet 40 can be directly fixed to the base sheet 10 by any means such as pressure bonding.
- the cover sheet 40 can be fixed to the base sheet 10 via a fixing member 25 such as a double-sided tape or an adhesive.
- the microorganism culture substrate for detecting S. aureus of this embodiment can have a frame layer arranged so as to surround the outer periphery of the culture layer, if desired.
- FIG. Another embodiment of the microbial culture substrate for detecting S. aureus of this embodiment is shown in FIG.
- (a) is a top view of the microorganism culture substrate of this embodiment
- (b) is a schematic vertical sectional view along II-II ′ in (a)
- the microorganism culture sheet of the embodiment having a sheet-shaped substrate that is an embodiment of the microorganism culture substrate of this aspect includes, for example, a substrate sheet 10 and an upper surface of the substrate sheet 10 as shown in FIG.
- the culture layer 30 is disposed
- the frame layer 20 is disposed so as to surround the culture layer 30, and the cover sheet 40 covers the culture layer 30.
- the diffusion of the sample can be limited to the range of the culture layer 30 when the sample is added to the culture layer 30.
- the frame layer 20 may be disposed so as to be in close contact with the outer periphery of the culture layer 30, or may be disposed so as to be separated from each other.
- the frame layer 20 is disposed so as to be in close contact with the outer periphery of the culture layer 30.
- the diffusion of the sample can be reliably limited by the range of the culture layer 30.
- the shape of the frame layer 20 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art based on the shape of the culture layer 30.
- the shape of the frame layer 20 may be a circle such as a perfect circle or an ellipse, a quadrangle such as a square or a rectangle, a polygon such as a triangle, or an indefinite shape. Good.
- the frame layer 20 is preferably circular, more preferably circular and is arranged so as to be in close contact with the outer periphery of the culture layer 30.
- the sample can be uniformly diffused over the entire culture layer 30, and the diffusion of the sample is surely limited by the range of the culture layer 30. be able to.
- At least one culture layer and a frame layer when present are arranged on the upper surface of the substrate. That is, a plurality of culture layers and frame layers when present may be disposed on the upper surface of the substrate. In such an embodiment, the plurality of culture layers and the frame layer, if present, can be placed at any position on the top surface of the substrate.
- the size of the microorganism culture substrate for detecting the Staphylococcus aureus of this embodiment can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art in consideration of the volume of the sample containing the microorganism to be detected.
- the substrate sheet 10 when the shape of the substrate sheet 10 is a square, the substrate sheet 10 is usually in the range of 50 to 100 mm in length on one side. Typically, it is in the range of 70 to 90 mm.
- the thickness is usually in the range of 25-1500 ⁇ m, and typically in the range of 50-500 ⁇ m.
- the shape and size of the cover sheet 40 are preferably the same as those of the base sheet 10.
- the thickness of the cover sheet 40 is preferably in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 20 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of the culture layer 30 is preferably in the range of 20 to 80 mm, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 70 mm.
- the diameter of the maximum circle inscribed in the figure defined by the outer periphery of the culture layer 30 is preferably in the above range.
- the thickness of the culture layer 30 is preferably in the range of 150 to 250 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 190 to 210 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the culture layer 30 is defined as the average value of the distance from the bottom surface of the culture layer 30 in the dry state in the microorganism culture sheet of the present embodiment, that is, the surface in contact with the base sheet 10 to the top surface of the culture layer 30.
- the thickness of the culture layer 30 is measured, for example, by measuring the distance from the lower surface to the upper surface of the base sheet 10 and the distance from the lower surface of the base sheet 10 to the upper surface of the dry culture layer 30 at several locations. It can be determined by calculating the average value of the difference in distance. When the size of the culture layer 30 is within the above range, a predetermined amount of sample can be reliably absorbed and retained.
- the size of the frame layer can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art based on the size of the culture layer.
- the height of the frame layer 20 is preferably 100 to 1200 ⁇ m higher than the thickness of the culture layer 30, and preferably 200 to 1000 ⁇ m higher. More preferably, it is 300 to 800 ⁇ m higher.
- the width of the frame layer 20 is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 mm, and more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 mm.
- the height of the frame layer 20 is defined as the average value of the distance from the lower surface of the frame layer 20 in the microorganism culture sheet of the present embodiment, that is, the surface in contact with the base sheet 10 to the upper surface of the frame layer 20.
- the height of the frame layer 20 is measured, for example, by measuring the distance from the lower surface to the upper surface of the base sheet 10 and the distance from the lower surface of the base sheet 10 to the upper surface of the frame layer 20, and the difference between the two distances. Can be determined by calculating the average value of.
- the width of the frame layer 20 is defined as an average value of the distance between the side surfaces of the frame layer 20.
- the substrate preferably contains as a main component at least one plastic selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride. Since the base material containing the plastic as a main component has water resistance and solvent resistance, a culture layer containing water and / or a solvent can be disposed on the upper surface of the base material. Moreover, since the base material which has the said plastic as a main component has heat resistance and printability, a culture layer can be formed in the upper surface of this base material using means, such as printing, application
- the base material containing the plastic as a main component is excellent in transparency, colonies of microorganisms growing in the culture layer can be observed by the transmitted light of the base material.
- a base material can also be used in the state colored by the means of adding a coloring agent or a foaming agent to the said plastics. By using the colored substrate, the color of the colonies of microorganisms growing in the culture layer can be more clearly evaluated.
- the substrate sheet when the substrate sheet has a multilayer structure, has a structure in which the same sheets containing the plastic as a main component are laminated. Alternatively, it may have a structure in which different sheets are laminated. Alternatively, the base material sheet having a multilayer structure may have a structure in which a sheet containing paper and / or a synthetic resin as a main component and the same or different sheet containing the plastic as a main component are laminated.
- Examples of the base material sheet having a multilayer structure including a sheet containing paper and a synthetic resin as main components include YUPO (trademark) (manufactured by YUPO Corporation) and CRISPER (trademark) (manufactured by Toyobo).
- the cover sheet is used for preventing contamination of the culture layer and / or preventing moisture evaporation of the culture layer.
- the cover sheet preferably contains at least one plastic selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride as a main component. Since the cover sheet containing the plastic as a main component is excellent in transparency, colonies of microorganisms growing in the culture layer can be observed by the transmitted light of the cover sheet.
- the cover sheet 40 may have a grid pattern having a certain size as an observation index. In the case of this embodiment, the grid pattern can be formed by printing on the surface of the cover sheet using an ink that is insoluble in water and does not substantially affect the growth of microorganisms.
- the culture layer can contain one or more kinds of fixing agents.
- the “adhesive agent” means a compound for adjusting the viscosity of the medium contained in the culture layer and bringing the culture layer into close contact with the surface of the base sheet.
- the one or more fixing agents are preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone. By using polyvinylpyrrolidone as one or more fixing agents, the medium components contained in the culture layer can be uniformly dispersed.
- a culture layer having a desired size can be formed at a desired position on the upper surface of the base sheet when the microorganism culture sheet of the present embodiment is manufactured. it can.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone since polyvinylpyrrolidone has high adhesiveness with the base material sheet which contains the said plastic as a main component, it can adhere
- the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone used as the one or more fixing agents is preferably in the range of 15-20%.
- concentration is defined as a final density
- the culture layer can contain one or more gelling agents.
- the gelling agents exemplified above as components of the medium of one embodiment of the present invention can be used.
- the one or more gelling agents are preferably a combination of psyllium seed gum and guar gum.
- the concentration of the one or more gelling agents is preferably in the range of 50-60%.
- concentration is defined as a final density
- the culture layer optionally contains one or more plasticizers.
- the one or more plasticizers include glycerin, glycerin derivative plasticizers, and polyethylene glycol.
- the one or more plasticizers are preferably glycerin.
- the concentration of the one or more plasticizers is preferably in the range of 5 to 10%.
- concentration is defined as a final density
- the microorganism culture sheet having a sheet-shaped base material is disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. 2011/007802 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-90701. It can manufacture based on the manufacturing method.
- the microorganism culture sheet of this embodiment is manufactured by a method including, for example, a step of preparing a base sheet, a step of patterning a culture layer on the upper surface of the base sheet, and a step of fixing the base sheet and the cover sheet. be able to.
- the manufacturing method preferably further includes a step of forming a frame layer on the upper surface of the base sheet.
- the step of patterning the culture layer on the upper surface of the base sheet prepares a medium solution in which each component contained in the culture layer is suspended in one or more solvents.
- the method further includes a step of applying the medium solution to the upper surface of the substrate sheet, and a step of drying the applied medium solution to form a culture layer having a predetermined shape.
- one or more solvents used for viscosity adjustment can be appropriately selected from the solvents exemplified above as components of the medium of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the one or more solvents used for the preparation of the medium solution are preferably lower alcohols, more preferably methanol, ethanol or 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol), and even more preferably methanol.
- the medium solution usually contains all components contained in the culture layer at the time of the preparation process. However, the medium solution may not include some components included in the culture layer at the time of the preparation process. In this case, the remaining components may be added to the applied medium solution or the formed culture layer at the same time as or after the step of applying the medium solution to the upper surface of the base sheet.
- the step of applying the medium solution to the upper surface of the base sheet can be performed by means such as printing, coating, or spraying. Thereafter, in the step of drying the applied medium solution, the solvent contained in the medium solution can be removed by evaporation to form a culture layer having a predetermined shape.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone contained in the culture layer has high adhesion to the base material sheet containing the plastic as a main component. For this reason, the culture layer can be brought into close contact with the surface of the base sheet without using an adhesive or the like by performing the step of applying the medium solution to the upper surface of the base sheet and the subsequent drying step.
- the method for producing a microorganism culture sheet of the present embodiment may further include a step of sterilizing the obtained microorganism culture sheet.
- means for sterilizing a microorganism culture sheet include sterilization by irradiation with gamma rays or chemical sterilization using ethylene oxide gas or the like.
- a microorganism culture sheet having a sheet-shaped substrate can be produced.
- the medium and the microorganism culture substrate of one embodiment of the present invention can be used to detect only S. aureus with high accuracy from a sample containing a large number of microorganisms including staphylococci other than S. aureus. Therefore, another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for detecting S. aureus using the medium and the microorganism culture substrate of one aspect of the present invention.
- the method for detecting S. aureus of this embodiment includes a sample addition step, a colony formation step, and a strain identification step.
- This step is a step of adding a sample containing microorganisms to the culture medium of one embodiment of the present invention and the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate.
- the sample used in this step usually contains Staphylococcus aureus and possibly further microorganisms other than Staphylococcus aureus.
- the medium and the microorganism culture substrate of one embodiment of the present invention can detect only S. aureus with high accuracy from a sample in which additional microorganisms such as staphylococci other than S. aureus are present. it can. Therefore, the additional microorganisms contained in the sample are not particularly limited. Additional microorganisms included in the sample include, but are not limited to, non-staphylococci such as E. coli, enterococci and Bacillus, in addition to staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus.
- Samples containing microorganisms can be prepared from any target such as products (eg food, beverages, pharmaceuticals or animal feeds), instruments, devices and places where S. aureus may be present.
- products eg food, beverages, pharmaceuticals or animal feeds
- instruments eg., instruments, devices and places where S. aureus may be present.
- the sample containing microorganisms is usually used in liquid form.
- the solvent of the sample is usually sterilized water.
- the solvent can contain an inorganic salt, a buffer component, a medium component, and the like, if desired.
- the volume of the sample added to the culture medium of one embodiment of the present invention and the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate is the size of the culture medium of one embodiment of the present invention and the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate. Based on the above, it can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art. For example, in the case of the embodiment of the microorganism culture substrate of one aspect of the present invention, that is, the microorganism culture sheet having the sheet-shaped substrate shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable to add about 1 ml of the sample. By adding the sample in the volume, the added sample can be reliably absorbed and retained in the culture layer.
- the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate has a colistin of 0.2 mg / ml or more with respect to the total volume of the sample containing microorganisms.
- the concentration of colistin sodium methanesulfonate contained in the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1.6 mg / ml, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1.1 mg / ml.
- the microorganism culture substrate containing colistin sodium methanesulfonate at a high concentration as described above it is possible to substantially prevent staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from being detected as false positives.
- Staphylococcus aureus is identified based on the color of the colony formed in the culture medium of one aspect of the present invention and the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate. For this reason, when the density of the microorganisms contained in the sample is high, it may be difficult to separate and identify the formed colonies as a plurality of single colonies. Therefore, it is preferable to dilute a sample containing microorganisms with a solvent in advance so as to obtain an appropriate bacterial density.
- the bacterial density of the microorganisms contained in the sample should be appropriately set by those skilled in the art based on the volume of the sample to be added and the size of the culture medium of one embodiment of the present invention and the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate.
- the bacterial density of the microorganisms contained in the sample is 1 to 500 cfu / ml. It is preferable that it is the range of these.
- the density of the microorganisms contained in the sample is within the above range, all the microorganisms contained in the sample can be separated and identified as a single colony in the culture layer by adding about 1 ml of the sample to the culture layer. it can.
- This step is a step of incubating the culture medium or microbial culture substrate to which the sample has been added to form microbial colonies.
- the conditions for incubating the medium to which the sample is added or the microorganism culture substrate can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art based on the culture conditions for microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus commonly used in the art.
- This step is a step of identifying Staphylococcus aureus based on the color of the formed microbial colony.
- the color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase is 6-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside
- the color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase is 5-bromo.
- the culture medium of one aspect of the present invention containing the combination of the color formers or the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate has both ⁇ -glucosidase production ability and phosphatase production ability.
- Staphylococcus intermedius is present, the colony in which the strain has grown is colored purple.
- the staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus the staphylococci other than Staphylococcus intermedius in the culture medium of one aspect of the present invention or the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate containing the combination of the color formers, for example, rot
- the growth of the strain is suppressed by a high concentration of sodium colistin methanesulfonate, so that the ability to produce ⁇ -glucosidase and / Or cannot produce phosphatase production ability and does not develop color.
- the strain is inhibited from growing, or depending on circumstances. Grows and the colonies turn pink.
- the color former that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase is 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl- ⁇ -D-glucoside
- the color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase is 5-bromo-6
- Staphylococcus aureus is present in the culture medium of this embodiment which is -chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate or the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate, the colonies in which the strain has grown develop a red purple color.
- Staphylococcus having both ⁇ -glucosidase production ability and phosphatase production ability among staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus in the culture medium of the present embodiment containing the combination of the color formers or the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate.
- the strain grows and the colony turns gray.
- staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus in the culture medium of the present embodiment or the culture layer of the microorganism culture substrate containing the color former combination staphylococci other than Staphylococcus intermedius, such as staphylococcus aureus.
- Staphylococcus xylosus or Staphylococcus schiuri the growth of the strain is suppressed by a high concentration of sodium colistin methanesulfonate, so that the ability to produce ⁇ -glucosidase and / or phosphatase production is expressed. I can't do it and don't color.
- the medium and the microorganism culture substrate of one embodiment of the present invention can detect only Staphylococcus aureus without detecting staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus as false positives. Therefore, by using the culture medium and the microorganism culture substrate of one embodiment of the present invention, S. aureus existing in various subjects can be rapidly detected with high accuracy.
- ⁇ I Preparation of microorganism culture sheet>
- a synthetic paper manufactured by YUPO Corporation, YUPO
- the shape of the base sheet 10 was a rectangle.
- the base sheet 10 had a thickness of 270 ⁇ m, the base sheet 10 had a long side length of 90 mm, and the base sheet 10 had a short side length of 72 mm.
- a circular frame layer 20 made of an ethylene vinyl acetate-based hot melt resin was provided on the upper surface of the base sheet 10.
- the width of the frame layer 20 (the distance between the outer edge and the inner edge of the frame layer 20) is 1 mm
- the inner diameter of the frame layer 20 is 50 mm
- the height was 750 ⁇ m.
- the medium solution includes a solid component including a nutrient component, a color former, a selection agent, a fixing agent, a gelling agent, and a plasticizer, and a solvent (methanol) for adjusting the viscosity.
- a nutrient component including a nutrient component, a color former, a selection agent, a fixing agent, a gelling agent, and a plasticizer, and a solvent (methanol) for adjusting the viscosity.
- methanol methanol
- As nutrient components tryptone, soyton, yeast extract, sodium pyruvate, D (-)-mannitol, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and glycine were used. Table 1 shows solid components contained in the medium solution.
- the medium solution applied to the substrate sheet 10 was dried to evaporate and remove methanol, thereby forming the culture layer 30 on the upper surface of the substrate sheet 10.
- the thickness of the culture layer 30 was 200 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the culture layer 30 was measured at five locations, the distance from the lower surface to the upper surface of the substrate sheet 10 and the distance from the lower surface of the substrate sheet 10 to the upper surface of the dried culture layer 30. It was determined by calculating the average value of the difference in distance.
- a double-sided tape having a length of 6 mm and a width of 72 mm was affixed to the upper surface of the base sheet 10 as a fixing member 25 along one short side of the base sheet 10.
- a cover film 40 having a base material layer, a printing layer, and a water repellent layer was prepared.
- the base material layer was formed of transparent oriented polypropylene having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m.
- grid lines at intervals of 10 mm were arranged.
- the water repellent layer was formed of a resin mainly composed of polyamide.
- the cover film 40 had a long side length of 95 mm and a short side length of 72 mm.
- a portion in the vicinity of one short side of the cover film 40 was joined to the base sheet 10 via the fixing member 25. In this way, a microorganism culture sheet was produced.
- ⁇ II Detection of microorganisms>
- SCD broth medium a medium containing a coloring agent that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase
- a predetermined test microorganism strain was inoculated into a liquid medium (SCD broth medium) and cultured at 35 ° C. for 24 hours to prepare a test microorganism suspension.
- This test microbial suspension was diluted with phosphate buffered saline to a bacterial density of about 1-500 cfu / ml.
- 1 ml of the obtained test microorganism sample was inoculated into a culture layer of a microorganism culture sheet prepared using a medium solution containing the components shown in Table 1 using a micropipette.
- the microorganism culture sheet inoculated with the sample was allowed to stand in an incubator and cultured at 35 ° C. for 24 or 48 hours. After completion of the culture, the microorganism culture sheet was taken out from the incubator. The color and coloring intensity of the colonies formed in the culture layer of each microorganism culture sheet were visually confirmed.
- the experiment was performed for each of the test microbial strains. Table 2 shows the names of the test microorganism strains used in the experiments, and the formation state and color of each strain colony.
- the microorganism culture sheet prepared using the medium solution containing the components of Experiment 1 is 6-chloro-3-colored in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase as a color former on the culture medium.
- ⁇ -glucosidase as a color former on the culture medium.
- Patent Document 2 a culture medium containing an enzyme substrate that develops color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase as a color former can be used to distinguish Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci. It states that it can be detected.
- Example 2 Microorganism detection test using a medium containing a color former that develops color in the presence of phosphatase
- a test microorganism sample was prepared in the same procedure as in Experiment 1. Using a micropipette, 1 ml of the test microorganism sample was inoculated into a culture layer of a microorganism culture sheet prepared using a medium solution containing the components shown in Table 1. In the same procedure as in Experiment 1, the microorganism culture sheet inoculated with the sample was incubated, and the color and coloring intensity of colonies formed on the culture layer of each microorganism culture sheet were visually confirmed. The experiment was performed for each of the test microbial strains. Table 3 shows the names of the test microorganism strains used in the experiment and the formation state and color of each strain colony.
- the microorganism culture sheet prepared using the medium solution containing the components of Experiment 2 is 5-bromo-3-indoxyl that develops color in the presence of phosphatase as a color former on the culture medium. Contains only phosphate and no sodium colistin methanesulfonate as a selective agent.
- Example 3 Microorganism detection test using a medium containing two color formers
- a test microorganism sample was prepared in the same procedure as in Experiment 1. Using a micropipette, 1 ml of the test microorganism sample was inoculated into a culture layer of a microorganism culture sheet prepared using a medium solution containing the components shown in Table 1. In the same procedure as in Experiment 1, the microorganism culture sheet inoculated with the sample was incubated, and the color and coloring intensity of colonies formed on the culture layer of each microorganism culture sheet were visually confirmed. The experiment was performed for each of the test microbial strains. Table 4 shows the names of the test microorganism strains used in the experiment, and the formation state and color of each strain colony.
- the microorganism culture sheet prepared using the medium solution containing the components of Experiment 3 is 6-chloro-3-colored on the culture medium in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase as a color former.
- ⁇ -glucosidase as a color former.
- Staphylococcus aureus When Staphylococcus aureus is present in the culture medium of the culture layer of the microorganism culture sheet of Experiment 3, the colonies in which the strain has grown have a mixed color of pink due to ⁇ -glucosidase activity and blue to dark blue due to phosphatase activity, for example, purple It was expected to develop color.
- Staphylococcus aureus had colonies colored dark blue.
- staphylococci other than Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus schiuri did not form colonies, did not develop color, or developed colonies in pink. Staphylococcus intermedius developed a purple color in the colonies.
- S. aureus is specifically identified by determining that a sample that has formed a dark blue colony is positive, a colony is not formed, a colony is not colored, or a sample that is colored pink is negative. Can be detected. However, the Staphylococcus sukiuri colony developed a light blue color, indicating that the strain may be detected as a false positive.
- Example 4 Microbe detection test using medium containing sodium colistin methanesulfonate
- a test microorganism sample was prepared in the same procedure as in Experiment 1.
- a microorganism culture sheet was prepared in the same procedure as in Experiment 1.
- the medium solution used for the preparation of the microorganism culture sheet is the same solid component as in Experiment 3 described in Table 1, a predetermined amount of colistin sodium methanesulfonate having the final mass concentration described in Table 5, and viscosity. Solvent for adjustment (methanol). 1 ml of the test microorganism sample was inoculated into the culture layer of the microorganism culture sheet using a micropipette.
- the microorganism culture sheet to which the sample was added was incubated in the same procedure as in Experiment 1, and after culturing for 24 hours, the color and coloring intensity of colonies formed on the culture layer of each microorganism culture sheet were visually confirmed.
- the experiment was performed for each of the test microbial strains.
- Table 5 shows the names of the test microorganism strains used in the experiment and the formation state of each strain colony. In the table, blanks indicate that colonies were formed in a normal growth state, and “suppression” indicates that growth was suppressed.
- the upper concentration is the mass concentration (mg / cm 3 ) relative to the total volume of the dried culture layer before inoculating the sample, and the lower concentration is the culture layer at the time of use. Is the mass concentration (mg / ml) relative to the total volume of the solution of the sample inoculated.
- the microbial culture sheet prepared using the medium solution containing the components of Experiment 4 is 6-chloro-colored on the culture medium in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase as a color former.
- ⁇ -glucosidase as a color former.
- sodium colistin methanesulfonate is in the range of 0.3-4.1 mg / cm 3 (ie 0.1-1.6 mg / ml sample solution) tested for S. aureus ATCC25923 and NBRC100910 strains. The concentration did not show growth inhibition. Only S. aureus strain NBRC12732 showed growth inhibition on a microorganism culture sheet containing 3.1 mg / cm 3 (ie 1.2 mg / ml sample solution) sodium colistin methanesulfonate.
- humic staphylococci staphylococcus saprophyticus
- humic staphylococci staphylococcus saprophyticus
- humic staphylococci staphylococcus saprophyticus
- humic staphylococci staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus schiuli showed growth inhibition in a microorganism culture sheet containing 2.3 mg / cm 3 (that is, 0.9 mg / ml sample solution) of colistin sodium methanesulfonate.
- Staphylococcus carnosus showed growth suppression in a microorganism culture sheet containing sodium colistin methanesulfonate of 1.3 mg / cm 3 (ie 0.5 mg / ml sample solution) or more. From the above results, it was revealed that sodium colistin methanesulfonate at a high concentration can be used as a selective agent exhibiting an inhibitory effect against specific types of staphylococci.
- Example 5 Microorganism detection test using a medium containing two color formers and high concentrations of sodium colistin methanesulfonate (1)
- a test microorganism sample was prepared in the same procedure as in Experiment 1.
- a microorganism culture sheet was prepared in the same procedure as in Experiment 1.
- the medium solution used for the preparation of the microorganism culture sheet had the same solid components as in Experiment 3 described in Table 1 and a final mass concentration of 2.5 mg / cm 3 (ie, 1 mg / ml sample solution). It contains a fixed amount of colistin sodium methanesulfonate and a solvent for adjusting the viscosity (methanol).
- FIG. 7 (c) shows S. aureus NBRC12732 strain
- FIG. 7 (d). Shows Staphylococcus intermedius
- FIG. 7 (e) shows Staphylococcus hyicus
- FIG. 7 (f) shows Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- Fig. 8 (a) shows humic staphylococci
- Fig. 8 (b) shows Staphylococcus xylosus
- Fig. 8 (c) shows Staphylococcus schiuli
- Fig. 8 (d) shows Bacillus cereus. (Bacillus cereus)
- FIG. 8 (e) shows Bacillus licheniformis
- FIG. 8 (f) shows Bacillus subtilis.
- Example 6 Microorganism detection test using a medium containing two color formers and high concentrations of sodium colistin methanesulfonate (2)
- a test microorganism sample was prepared in the same procedure as in Experiment 1.
- a microorganism culture sheet was prepared in the same procedure as in Experiment 1.
- the medium solution used for the preparation of the microorganism culture sheet was a solid component in the case of Experiment 3 described in Table 1, and the color former that developed color in the presence of ⁇ -glucosidase was 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl.
- the medium solution includes a predetermined amount of sodium colistin methanesulfonate having a final mass concentration of 2.5 mg / cm 3 (that is, 1 mg / ml sample solution), and a solvent (methanol) for viscosity adjustment.
- 1 ml of the test microorganism sample was inoculated into the culture layer of the microorganism culture sheet using a micropipette.
- FIG. 9 (e) shows Staphylococcus hicus
- FIG. 9 (f) shows Staphylococcus epidermidis
- 10 (a) shows the staphylococcus staphylococcus saprophyticus
- FIG. 10 (b) shows the staphylococcus xylosus
- FIG. 10 (c) shows the staphylococcus schiuri
- FIG. (D) shows Staphylococcus simulans
- FIG. 10 (e) shows Staphylococcus haemolyticus
- FIG. 10 (f) shows Staphylococcus warneri.
- Fig. 11 (a) shows Staphylococcus hominis
- FIG. 11 (b) shows Staphylococcus cohnii
- Fig. 11 (c) shows Staphylococcus capitis
- 11 (d) shows Bacillus cereus
- FIG. 11 (e) shows Bacillus licheniformis
- FIG. 11 (f) shows Bacillus subtilis.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 1種以上の栄養成分と、α-グルコシダーゼの存在下で発色する発色剤と、ホスファターゼの存在下で発色する発色剤と、0.5 mg/cm3以上のコリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムとを含む、黄色ブドウ球菌を検出するための培地。
(2) α-グルコシダーゼの存在下で発色する発色剤が6-クロロ-3-インドキシル-α-D-グルコシドであり、ホスファターゼの存在下で発色する発色剤が5-ブロモ-3-インドキシルホスフェートである、前記(1)に記載の培地。
(3) α-グルコシダーゼの存在下で発色する発色剤が5-ブロモ-4-クロロ-3-インドキシル-α-D-グルコシドであり、ホスファターゼの存在下で発色する発色剤が5-ブロモ-6-クロロ-3-インドキシルホスフェートである、前記(1)に記載の培地。
(4) 0.5~4.1 mg/cm3の範囲のコリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムを含む、前記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の培地。
(5) 0.5~2.8 mg/cm3の範囲のコリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムを含む、前記(4)に記載の培地。
(6) 2.3~2.8 mg/cm3の範囲のコリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムを含む、前記(5)に記載の培地。
(7) 基材と、前記基材の上面に配置された培養層とを有する黄色ブドウ球菌を検出するための微生物培養基材であって、
前記培養層が、前記(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の培地を含む、前記微生物培養基材。
(8) シート形状の基材と、前記培養層を被覆するカバーシートとをさらに有し、前記培養層が、ポリビニルピロリドンと、1種以上のゲル化剤とをさらに含む、前記(7)に記載の微生物培養基材。
(9) 黄色ブドウ球菌を検出する方法であって、
前記(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の培地又は前記(7)若しくは(8)に記載の微生物培養基材の培養層に微生物を含む試料を添加する、試料添加工程;
試料を添加した培地又は微生物培養基材をインキュベートして微生物のコロニーを形成させる、コロニー形成工程;
形成された微生物のコロニーの色に基づき黄色ブドウ球菌を同定する、菌株同定工程;を含む、前記方法。
(10) 試料添加工程において、前記(7)若しくは(8)に記載の微生物培養基材の培養層に微生物を含む試料を添加し、該微生物培養基材の培養層が、微生物を含む試料の総体積に対して0.2 mg/ml以上のコリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムを含む、前記(9)に記載の方法。
本発明の一態様は、黄色ブドウ球菌を検出するための培地に関する。
本発明において、黄色ブドウ球菌は、スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus)を意味する。黄色ブドウ球菌は、ブドウ球菌属(スタフィロコッカス属)に分類されるグラム陽性菌である。一般に、黄色ブドウ球菌は、ベアードパーカー寒天培地又は卵黄加マンニット食塩寒天培地等の黄色ブドウ球菌用選択培地を用いた培養試験により、存在を確認することができる。これらの選択培地を用いた培養試験は、培地に添加された選択剤により黄色ブドウ球菌を選択的に発育させ、卵黄反応又はマンニット分解性等により黄色ブドウ球菌と判定するものである。しかしながら、これらの選択培地を用いた培養試験では、黄色ブドウ球菌以外の菌種が偽陽性として検出される場合がある。このため、通常は、前記培養試験の後、さらにコアグラーゼ活性を指標としたコアグラーゼ試験により、黄色ブドウ球菌の判定がなされる。コアグラーゼは、黄色ブドウ球菌で発現する血漿凝固作用を有する菌体外酵素である。コアグラーゼは、黄色ブドウ球菌によるヒト病原性に関連していることが知られている。それ故、コアグラーゼ活性を指標とすることにより、腸球菌(エンテロコッカス属菌)及び芽胞菌(バチルス属菌)のような非ブドウ球菌、並びに黄色ブドウ球菌以外の多くのブドウ球菌と区別して、ブドウ球菌を検出することができると考えられてきた。しかしながら、黄色ブドウ球菌以外のいくつかのブドウ球菌は、黄色ブドウ球菌のようにコアグラーゼ産生能力を有する。このため、これらのブドウ球菌は、コアグラーゼ活性を指標とする黄色ブドウ球菌の検出試験において偽陽性として検出される可能性がある。
本発明の一態様の培地は、任意の形状の固体培地として使用することができる。それ故、本発明の別の態様は、基材と、基材の上面に配置され、本発明の培地を含む培養層とを有する、黄色ブドウ球菌を検出するための微生物培養基材に関する。
本発明の一態様の培地及び微生物培養基材は、黄色ブドウ球菌以外のブドウ球菌を含む多数の微生物が存在する試料から、黄色ブドウ球菌のみを高精度で検出するために使用することができる。それ故、本発明の別の一態様は、本発明の一態様の培地及び微生物培養基材を用いる黄色ブドウ球菌を検出する方法に関する。本態様の黄色ブドウ球菌を検出する方法は、試料添加工程、コロニー形成工程及び菌株同定工程を含む。
本工程は、本発明の一態様の培地及び微生物培養基材の培養層に微生物を含む試料を添加する工程である。
本工程は、試料を添加した培地又は微生物培養基材をインキュベートして微生物のコロニーを形成させる工程である。
本工程は、形成された微生物のコロニーの色に基づき黄色ブドウ球菌を同定する工程である。
基材シート10として、合成樹脂を主原料とした合成紙(ユポ・コーポレーション製、ユポ)を準備した。基材シート10の形状は、長方形であった。基材シート10の厚みは270 μmであり、基材シート10の長辺長さは90 mmであり、基材シート10の短辺長さは72 mmであった。
[実験1:α-グルコシダーゼの存在下で発色する発色剤を含む培地を用いる微生物の検出試験]
所定の試験用微生物菌株を液体培地(SCDブイヨン培地)に植菌し、35℃で24時間培養して、試験用微生物懸濁液を調製した。この試験用微生物懸濁液を、約1~500 cfu/mlの菌密度となるようにリン酸緩衝生理食塩水で希釈した。得られた試験用微生物試料を、マイクロピペットを用いて、表1に記載の成分を含む培地液を用いて作製された微生物培養シートの培養層に1 ml接種した。試料を接種した微生物培養シートを、インキュベーターに静置し、35℃で24又は48時間培養した。培養終了後、微生物培養シートをインキュベーターから取り出した。各微生物培養シートの培養層に形成されたコロニーの色及び着色強度を目視で確認した。前記実験を試験用微生物菌株のそれぞれについて実施した。実験に用いた試験用微生物菌株の名前、並びに各菌株コロニーの形成状態及び色を表2に示す。
実験1と同様の手順で試験用微生物試料を調製した。試験用微生物試料を、マイクロピペットを用いて、表1に記載の成分を含む培地液を用いて作製された微生物培養シートの培養層に1 ml接種した。実験1と同様の手順で、試料を接種した微生物培養シートをインキュベートして、各微生物培養シートの培養層に形成されたコロニーの色及び着色強度を目視で確認した。前記実験を試験用微生物菌株のそれぞれについて実施した。実験に用いた試験用微生物菌株の名前、並びに各菌株コロニーの形成状態及び色を表3に示す。
実験1と同様の手順で試験用微生物試料を調製した。試験用微生物試料を、マイクロピペットを用いて、表1に記載の成分を含む培地液を用いて作製された微生物培養シートの培養層に1 ml接種した。実験1と同様の手順で、試料を接種した微生物培養シートをインキュベートして、各微生物培養シートの培養層に形成されたコロニーの色及び着色強度を目視で確認した。前記実験を試験用微生物菌株のそれぞれについて実施した。実験に用いた試験用微生物菌株の名前、並びに各菌株コロニーの形成状態及び色を表4に示す。
実験1と同様の手順で試験用微生物試料を調製した。また、実験1と同様の手順で微生物培養シートを作製した。微生物培養シートの作製に使用した培地液は、表1に記載の実験3の場合と同様の固形成分と、表5に記載の最終の質量濃度となる所定量のコリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムと、粘度調整のための溶媒(メタノール)とを含む。試験用微生物試料を、マイクロピペットを用いて、微生物培養シートの培養層に1 ml接種した。実験1と同様の手順で、試料を添加した微生物培養シートをインキュベートして、24時間培養後、各微生物培養シートの培養層に形成されたコロニーの色及び着色強度を目視で確認した。前記実験を試験用微生物菌株のそれぞれについて実施した。実験に用いた試験用微生物菌株の名前、並びに各菌株コロニーの形成状態を表5に示す。表中、空欄は、通常の生育状態でコロニーが形成されたことを、「抑制」は、生育抑制された状態であったことを、それぞれ示す。コリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムの濃度のうち、上段の濃度は、試料を接種する前の乾燥状態の培養層の総体積に対する質量濃度(mg/cm3)であり、下段の濃度は、使用時に培養層に接種された試料の溶液の総体積に対する質量濃度(mg/ml)である。
実験1と同様の手順で試験用微生物試料を調製した。また、実験1と同様の手順で微生物培養シートを作製した。微生物培養シートの作製に使用した培地液は、表1に記載の実験3の場合と同様の固形成分と、2.5 mg/cm3(すなわち1 mg/ml試料溶液)の最終の質量濃度となる所定量のコリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムと、粘度調整のための溶媒(メタノール)とを含む。試験用微生物試料を、マイクロピペットを用いて、微生物培養シートの培養層に1 ml接種した。実験1と同様の手順で、試料を添加した微生物培養シートをインキュベートして、各微生物培養シートの培養層に形成されたコロニーの色及び着色強度を目視で確認した。前記実験を試験用微生物菌株のそれぞれについて実施した。実験に用いた試験用微生物菌株の名前、並びに各菌株コロニーの形成状態及び色を表6に示す。また、発色後の各菌株コロニーの形成状態及び色を図7及び8に示す。図中、図7(a)は、黄色ブドウ球菌ATCC25923菌株を、図7(b)は、黄色ブドウ球菌NBRC100910菌株を、図7(c)は、黄色ブドウ球菌NBRC12732菌株を、図7(d)は、スタフィロコッカス・インターメディウスを、図7(e)は、スタフィロコッカス・ハイカス(Staphylococcus hyicus)を、図7(f)は、スタフィロコッカス・エピダーミディス(Staphylococcus epidermidis)を、それぞれ示す。図8(a)は、腐生ブドウ球菌を、図8(b)は、スタフィロコッカス・キシロサスを、図8(c)は、スタフィロコッカス・スキウリを、図8(d)は、バチルス・セレウス(Bacillus cereus)を、図8(e)は、バチルス・リチェニホルミス(Bacillus licheniformis)を、図8(f)は、バチルス・スブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)を、それぞれ示す。
実験1と同様の手順で試験用微生物試料を調製した。また、実験1と同様の手順で微生物培養シートを作製した。微生物培養シートの作製に使用した培地液は、表1に記載の実験3の場合の固形成分において、α-グルコシダーゼの存在下で発色する発色剤を5-ブロモ-4-クロロ-3-インドキシル-α-D-グルコシドに、ホスファターゼの存在下で発色する発色剤を5-ブロモ-6-クロロ-3-インドキシルホスフェートに、それぞれ変更した固形成分を含む。さらに、培地液は、2.5 mg/cm3(すなわち1 mg/ml試料溶液)の最終の質量濃度となる所定量のコリスチンメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムと、粘度調整のための溶媒(メタノール)とを含む。試験用微生物試料を、マイクロピペットを用いて、微生物培養シートの培養層に1 ml接種した。実験1と同様の手順で、試料を添加した微生物培養シートをインキュベートして、各微生物培養シートの培養層に形成されたコロニーの色及び着色強度を目視で確認した。前記実験を試験用微生物菌株のそれぞれについて実施した。実験に用いた試験用微生物菌株の名前、並びに各菌株コロニーの形成状態及び色を表7に示す。また、発色後の各菌株コロニーの形成状態及び色を図9~11に示す。図中、図9(a)は、黄色ブドウ球菌ATCC25923菌株を、図9(b)は、黄色ブドウ球菌NBRC100910菌株を、図9(c)は、黄色ブドウ球菌NBRC12732菌株を、図9(d)は、スタフィロコッカス・インターメディウスを、図9(e)は、スタフィロコッカス・ハイカスを、図9(f)は、スタフィロコッカス・エピダーミディスを、それぞれ示す。図10(a)は、腐生ブドウ球菌スタフィロコッカス・サプロフィティカスを、図10(b)は、スタフィロコッカス・キシロサスを、図10(c)は、スタフィロコッカス・スキウリを、図10(d)は、スタフィロコッカス・シムランス(Staphylococcus simulans)を、図10(e)は、スタフィロコッカス・ハエモリティカス(Staphylococcus haemolyticus)を、図10(f)は、スタフィロコッカス・ワルネリ(Staphylococcus warneri)を、それぞれ示す。図11(a)は、スタフィロコッカス・ホミニス(Staphylococcus hominis)を、図11(b)は、スタフィロコッカス・コーニイ(Staphylococcus cohnii)を、図11(c)は、スタフィロコッカス・カピティス(Staphylococcus capitis)を、図11(d)は、バチルス・セレウスを、図11(e)は、バチルス・リチェニホルミスを、図11(f)は、バチルス・スブチリスを、それぞれ示す。
20…枠層
25…固定部材
30…培養層
40…カバーシート
Claims (10)
前記培養層が、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の培地を含む、前記微生物培養基材。
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の培地又は請求項7若しくは8に記載の微生物培養基材の培養層に微生物を含む試料を添加する、試料添加工程;
試料を添加した培地又は微生物培養基材をインキュベートして微生物のコロニーを形成させる、コロニー形成工程;
形成された微生物のコロニーの色に基づき黄色ブドウ球菌を同定する、菌株同定工程;を含む、前記方法。
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CN201780008399.XA CN108603215B (zh) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-01-26 | 用于检测金黄色葡萄球菌的培养基和具有该培养基的金黄色葡萄球菌检测片、以及使用它们的金黄色葡萄球菌的检测方法 |
EP17744292.8A EP3409784B1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-01-26 | Medium for detecting staphylococcus aureus |
US16/071,037 US10822632B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-01-26 | Medium for detecting Staphylococcus aureus, sheet for detecting S. aureus comprising same, and method for detecting S. aureus using same |
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JP2020010644A (ja) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-01-23 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 分解活性の評価方法 |
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CN108410945A (zh) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-08-17 | 芜湖市食品药品检验中心(市药品不良反应监测中心) | 餐饮中金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测方法 |
JP2020010644A (ja) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-01-23 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 分解活性の評価方法 |
JP7250452B2 (ja) | 2018-07-19 | 2023-04-03 | 国立大学法人東海国立大学機構 | 分解活性の評価方法 |
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