WO2017124783A1 - 电机、动力装置及使用该动力装置的无人飞行器 - Google Patents

电机、动力装置及使用该动力装置的无人飞行器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017124783A1
WO2017124783A1 PCT/CN2016/101839 CN2016101839W WO2017124783A1 WO 2017124783 A1 WO2017124783 A1 WO 2017124783A1 CN 2016101839 W CN2016101839 W CN 2016101839W WO 2017124783 A1 WO2017124783 A1 WO 2017124783A1
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Prior art keywords
motor
stator
heat dissipating
disposed
air
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PCT/CN2016/101839
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周震昊
邱健达
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深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Publication of WO2017124783A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017124783A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/08—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of power plant cooling systems
    • B64D33/10—Radiator arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/207—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium with openings in the casing specially adapted for ambient air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric machine, a power unit using the same, and an unmanned aerial vehicle using the same.
  • a brushless motor includes a base, a stator disposed on the base, a rotor disposed on the stator, and an outer cover coupled to the rotor.
  • the outer cover is of an open structure having a large opening to facilitate heat dissipation of the motor, and heat generated by the operation of the motor is radiated into the air through the open cover.
  • the above brushless motor has low heat dissipation efficiency, and it is easy to cause the motor magnet to fail due to high temperature.
  • An electric machine includes a stator and a rotor rotatably disposed outside the stator.
  • the motor further includes a heat dissipating member received in the stator and connected to the stator; wherein when the motor is running, the rotor causes ambient air to flow, so that the flowing air is taken away The heat generated by the motor.
  • the heat dissipating member is in the shape of a disk, and the heat dissipating member is installed in a central hole of the iron core of the stator, and the heat dissipating member includes a plurality of scattered radially distributed Hot department.
  • the heat dissipating portion is at least one of a heat dissipating fin, a heat dissipating fin, and a heat dissipating cylinder;
  • the heat dissipating member is provided with a heat dissipation hole for allowing air to flow, and the heat dissipation hole extends along a rotation axis of the motor.
  • the heat dissipating member further includes an annular mounting portion, the mounting portion is fixed in a central hole of the iron core of the stator; the plurality of heat dissipating portions are located in the mounting portion, and from the The inner ring surface of the mounting portion extends.
  • the heat dissipating portion is a heat dissipating blade, and the plurality of the heat dissipating blades are spaced apart from each other at an inner annular surface of the mounting portion.
  • a plurality of the heat dissipating blades are parallel or coincident with an axis of rotation of the motor, such that a slit is formed between each of the two heat dissipating blades, the slits for allowing air to circulate;
  • the mounting portion is coaxially disposed with the stator, and the plurality of heat dissipating blades are disposed on an inner wall of the mounting portion, and the plurality of the heat dissipating blades are along a circumferential direction of the mounting portion Set in order.
  • the motor further includes a cover body connected to the rotor, the cover body is provided with a wind hole for allowing air to circulate, and when the motor is running, the flowing air can be from the inside of the motor The vent is vented to remove heat generated by the motor.
  • cover body is provided with blades which can be rotated by the rotor to cause ambient air to flow.
  • the cover body further includes a sidewall and a top wall, the sidewall is disposed at a periphery of the top wall and connected to the rotor, and the blade is disposed on the top wall, the wind hole Provided on at least one of the side wall and the top wall.
  • the plurality of blades are a plurality of, and the plurality of the blades are radiated at intervals from each other Arranging on the top wall, forming a duct between each of the two blades; the wind hole is disposed on the side wall, each of the air passages corresponding to one of the air holes, and The wind holes are connected.
  • the cover further includes a retaining ring disposed on a side of the blade facing away from the top wall.
  • one side of the baffle is connected to the blade, and a periphery of the baffle is connected to the side wall.
  • the motor further includes a base, the stator is disposed on the base; the base is provided with a vent hole, and the vent hole communicates with the inner cavity of the rotor.
  • the base includes a fixing portion and a ventilation portion, the stator is fixed on the fixing portion, the ventilation portion is circumferentially disposed on an outer circumference of the fixing portion, and the ventilation hole is disposed on the ventilation portion.
  • the height of the stator is greater than or equal to 9 mm and less than or equal to 11 mm;
  • the outer diameter of the stator is greater than or equal to 95 mm and less than or equal to 105 mm;
  • the motor has a KV value of 120.
  • the rotor includes a yoke and a plurality of magnets disposed in the yoke, the yoke cover is disposed outside the stator, and a plurality of the magnets are fixedly disposed on an inner wall of the yoke. And arranged along the circumferential interval of the yoke.
  • each of the magnets along the diameter of the yoke is greater than or equal to 1.3 mm and less than or equal to 1.7 mm;
  • the width or average width of each of the magnets in the circumferential direction of the yoke is 5.6 mm or more and 6.2 mm or less.
  • the stator includes a core and a coil disposed on the core; the core includes a sleeve portion and a support portion disposed on the sleeve portion, and the coil is wound On the support portion.
  • each of the support portions has a thickness or an average thickness of 2.3 mm or more and 2.9 mm or less;
  • the thickness of the support portion gradually increases from a side close to the sleeve portion to a side away from the sleeve portion.
  • the diameter for removing the paint from the wire forming the coil is 0.30 mm or more and 0.90 mm or less.
  • the coil is formed by winding a wire having a diameter of 0.9 mm after removing the patent leather;
  • the coil is formed by winding a wire having a diameter of 0.35 mm after removing the patent leather;
  • the coil is formed by winding three strands of wire having a diameter of 0.3 mm after removing the patent leather.
  • a power unit comprising a propeller, the power unit further comprising the electric machine according to any one of the above, the propeller being coupled to the motor, the motor being capable of driving the propeller to rotate.
  • the torque coefficient of the propeller is greater than or equal to 1.32*10 -5 [Nm ⁇ m / (rev / min) 2 ] and less than or equal to 1.92 * 10 -5 [Niu ⁇ m / (rev / min) 2 ];
  • the propeller is a folding paddle and includes two folding blades; each of the folding blades has a length greater than or equal to 295 mm and less than or equal to 355 mm; when the propeller 200 rotates, two The paddle blade forms a paddle diameter of greater than or equal to 640 mm and less than or equal to 760 mm.
  • An unmanned aerial vehicle includes an aircraft fuselage.
  • the UAV further includes the power unit of any of the above, the motor being disposed on the aircraft fuselage to provide flight power to the UAV.
  • the motor of the unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention includes a heat dissipating member connected to the stator, and the heat generated by the motor 100 is transmitted to the heat dissipating member due to the contact area between the heat dissipating member and the air. Relatively large, heat can be radiated into the air more quickly, so the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor is higher.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an assembled perspective view of the motor of the unmanned aerial vehicle of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the motor of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the motor of FIG. 2 from another perspective.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a part of the structure of the motor shown in Fig. 2.
  • Figure 6 is a partial schematic view of a cross section of the motor of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing the cover body and the rotor of the motor shown in Fig. 2.
  • a component when referred to as being “fixed” to another component, it can be directly on the other component or the component can be present.
  • a component When a component is recognized To "connect” another component, it can be directly connected to another component or possibly a centered component.
  • a component When a component is considered to be “set to” another component, it can be placed directly on another component or possibly with a centered component.
  • the terms “vertical,” “horizontal,” “left,” “right,” and the like, as used herein, are for illustrative purposes only.
  • the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor is mainly affected by the heat dissipation of the stator of the motor. For this reason, the inventor mainly improves the heat dissipation of the stator of the motor.
  • the heat dissipation of the stator of the motor is related to the direction of heat dissipation. For this reason, the inventor uses a heat sink and designs the heat dissipation direction of the heat sink.
  • an unmanned aerial vehicle 500 is used for mounting an electronic device (not shown) such as a camera or a camera for photographing.
  • the UAV 500 includes an aircraft fuselage 510 and a power unit (not shown) disposed on the aircraft fuselage 510.
  • the power unit includes a motor 100 and a propeller 200 disposed on the motor 100.
  • the motor 100 is used to drive the propeller 200 turns Moving, thereby driving the UAV 500 to fly.
  • the motor 100 may be plural, and a plurality of the motors 100 are respectively disposed on the aircraft body 510.
  • the motor 100 is a brushless motor, and includes a base 10, a stator 30, a rotor 50, a cover 70, and a rotating shaft 90.
  • the stator 30 is fixedly disposed on the base 10
  • the rotor 50 is rotatably coupled to the base 10
  • the cover 70 is disposed on the rotor.
  • the rotating shaft 90 is disposed on the cover 70.
  • the base 10 includes a fixing portion 12 and a ventilation portion 14 formed on the fixing portion 12.
  • the fixing portion 12 is substantially disk-shaped for mounting and fixing the stator 30.
  • the ventilation portion 14 is substantially annular and is provided on the outer circumference of the fixing portion 12 .
  • the venting portion 14 is provided with a plurality of vent holes 141 that penetrate the venting portion 14 and communicate with the inner cavity of the motor 100.
  • the venting holes 141 are used to allow air to circulate to allow the flowing air to carry away heat generated inside the motor 100 due to work.
  • the ventilating portion 14 is substantially annular and located on the outer circumference of the fixed portion 12, it corresponds to the iron core 32 of the stator 30, thereby accelerating the heat dissipation efficiency of the iron core of the iron core 32 of the stator 30.
  • the stator 30 is disposed on the fixing portion 12, and includes a core 32 and a coil (not shown). The coil is wound around the core 32.
  • the iron core 32 includes a sleeve portion 321 and a support portion 323 disposed on the sleeve portion 321 .
  • the sleeve portion 321 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is disposed on the fixing portion 12 and is connected to the fixing portion 12 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the height h of the sleeve portion 321 in the axial direction thereof is 9 mm or more and 11 mm or less.
  • the height h of the sleeve portion 321 may be any value between 9 mm and 11 mm.
  • the height h of the sleeve portion 321 may be 9 mm, 9.5 mm, 10 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm, ...or any value within the range of values defined by any two of the above values.
  • the support portion 323 may be plural, and the plurality of the support portions 323 are disposed outside the sleeve portion 321 and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the sleeve portion 321 .
  • Each of the supporting portions 323 is substantially in the shape of a plate, and one side thereof is fixed to the outer circumference of the sleeve portion 321 , and the other side is directed away from the sleeve portion 321 along the radial direction of the sleeve portion 321 . extend.
  • the thickness of the support portion 323 gradually increases from a side close to the sleeve portion 321 to a side away from the sleeve portion 321 .
  • the support portion 323 has an average thickness t of 2.3 mm or more and 2.9 mm or less.
  • the average thickness t of the support portion 323 may be any value between 2.3 mm and 2.9 mm, such as 2.3 mm, 2.35 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.55 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.65 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.75 mm, 2.9 mm, ...or any value within the range of values defined by any two of the above values.
  • the support portion 323 may have a rectangular plate shape, and the thickness t thereof is equal from a side close to the sleeve portion 321 to a side away from the sleeve portion 321 , and the support portion 323 is The thickness t is greater than or equal to 2.3 mm and less than or equal to 2.9 mm.
  • the thickness t of the support portion 323 may be any value between 2.3 mm and 2.9 mm, such as 2.3 mm, 2.35 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.55 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.65 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.75 mm, 2.9 mm,... ...or any value within the range of values defined by any two of the above values.
  • the number of the supporting portions 323 may be plural, for example, five, six, seven, eight, ten, eleven, and the like.
  • the support portion 323 is for supporting the coil (not shown).
  • the coil may be plural, and each of the coils is wound around one of the support portions 323.
  • the diameter for removing the paint from the wire forming the coil is 0.30 mm or more and 0.90 mm or less, and the number of turns is 13 ⁇ or more and 20 ⁇ or less.
  • the coil is formed by winding a wire having a diameter of 0.9 mm after removing the patent leather. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the coil can be formed by winding a corresponding number of turns of other specifications of the wire under the condition that the groove full rate is similar to the above-described winding method.
  • the diameter of the wire after removing the patent leather may be 0.31 mm, 0.5 mm, etc.
  • the coil may be formed by winding a wire having a diameter of 0.35 mm after removing the patent leather, or the coil may be wound by a wire of other specifications. It is formed by setting the corresponding number of turns. It will be appreciated that the coil may be formed as a plurality of strands of wire, for example, the coil may be formed by winding 30 turns of two wires having a diameter of 0.3 mm.
  • each of the support portions 323 forms a stop portion 325 away from the end of the sleeve portion 321 .
  • the size of each of the stopping portions 325 is larger than the thickness dimension of the corresponding end of the supporting portion 323 to prevent the corresponding coil (not shown) from being detached from the corresponding supporting portion 323, and the iron is facilitated.
  • the surface of the stopping portion 325 facing away from the corresponding supporting portion 323 is a partial cylindrical surface.
  • the stopper portion 325, the support portion 323, the sleeve portion 321 and the stator 30 formed by the coil are substantially cylindrical.
  • the cylindrical stator 30 has an outer diameter D of 95 mm or more and 105 mm or less.
  • the outer diameter D of the stator 30 may be any value between 95 mm and 105 mm.
  • the outer diameter D of the stator 30 may be 95 mm, 98 mm, 99 mm, 100 mm, 101 mm, 102 mm. , 105 mm, ... or any value within the range of values defined by any two of the above values.
  • the height H of the cylindrical stator 30 along its axial direction is greater than or equal to 9 mm. And less than or equal to 11 mm.
  • the height H of the stator may be any value between 9 mm and 11 mm.
  • the height H of the stator 30 may be 9 mm, 9.5 mm, 10 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm, ... or the above Any value within the range of values defined by any two values.
  • the axial height H of the stator 30 is the axial height h of the sleeve portion 321; it can be understood that the maximum axial height of the stator 30 may be greater or smaller than the sleeve portion 321
  • the axial height h, that is, the end of the sleeve portion 321 may be convex or concave with respect to the end of the stator 30.
  • the motor 100 further includes a heat sink 34 that is non-rotatably coupled to the stator 30.
  • the heat sink 34 is received in the central through hole of the sleeve portion 321 and fixedly connected to the fixing portion 12 of the base 10 . Since the heat sink 34 is received in the central hole of the sleeve portion 321 to increase the contact area between the heat sink 34 and the core 32 of the stator 30, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, and the volume of the entire motor is avoided, which facilitates the miniaturization of the motor.
  • the heat sink 34 has a substantially disk shape.
  • the mounting portion 341 and the heat radiating portion 343 are included.
  • the mounting portion 341 is substantially annular, and is disposed substantially coaxially with the sleeve portion 321 .
  • the heat radiating portion 343 is substantially in the form of a sheet.
  • the heat radiating portion 343 is disposed inside the mounting portion 341 and extends substantially in the radial direction of the heat radiating portion 343.
  • the heat radiating portion 343 extends in the radial direction of the heat radiating portion 343, the heat of the iron core 32 guiding the stator 30 is concentrated from the outer portion toward the middle portion, and is carried away by the axial airflow of the motor, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor.
  • the number of the heat radiating portions 343 is plural, and the plurality of heat radiating portions 343 are sequentially disposed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the mounting portion 341.
  • a plurality of the heat dissipating portions 343 are located in the mounting portion 341 and extend from the inner annular surface of the mounting portion 341.
  • the plurality of fin-shaped heat dissipating portions 343 form a radially distributed rib-type heat dissipating structure, and the plurality of heat dissipating portions 343 are parallel or coincident with the rotation axis of the motor 100,
  • a slit 3431 is formed between each of the two adjacent heat radiating portions 343, and the direction of the slits 3431 is extended substantially in the axial direction of the motor 100.
  • the slit 3431 facilitates the circulation of air, so that the flowing air takes away the heat of the heat dissipating portion 343, thereby facilitating heat dissipation of the motor 100.
  • the rotor 50 is disposed on an outer circumference of the iron core 32 and includes a yoke 52 and a magnet 54 disposed on the yoke 52.
  • the yoke 52 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is rotatably covered on the outer circumference of the core 32.
  • the magnets 54 may be plural, and a plurality of the magnets 54 are fixedly disposed inside the yoke 52 and arranged along the circumferential direction of the yoke 52.
  • each of the magnets 54 is substantially in the shape of an arc having a thickness T or an average thickness T along the diameter direction of the yoke 52 of 1.3 mm or more and 1.7 mm or less.
  • the thickness T or the average thickness of the magnet 54 may be any value between 1.3 mm and 1.7 mm, for example, the thickness T or the average thickness T of the magnet 54 may be 1 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, ... or any value within the range of values defined by any two of the above values.
  • the width b or the average width b of the magnet 54 in the circumferential direction of the yoke 52 is 5.6 mm or more and 6.2 mm or less.
  • the width b or the average width b of the magnet 54 may be any value between 5.6 mm and 6.2 mm, for example, the width b or the average width b of the magnet 54 may be 5.6 mm, 5.7 mm, 5.7 mm, 5.9 mm. , 5.95 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.02 mm, 6.03 mm, 6.08 mm, 6.1 mm, 6.3 mm, ... or any value within the range of values defined by any two of the above values.
  • the magnet 54 can be in the shape of a rectangular plate.
  • the thickness T of the magnets 54 along the diametrical direction of the yoke 52 may be equal everywhere, and the width b along the circumferential direction of the yoke 52 may be equal everywhere.
  • the number of the magnets 54 may be plural, for example, seven, eight, nine, ten, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, ... and the like.
  • the cover 70 is coupled to the yoke 52 for mounting the propeller 200.
  • the cover 70 includes a top wall 72, side walls 74, and vanes 76. Specifically in the illustrated embodiment, the side walls 74 and the vanes 76 are each disposed on the top wall 72.
  • the top wall 72 has a substantially circular plate shape, and a plurality of positioning holes 721 are formed therethrough. A plurality of the positioning holes 721 are spaced apart from each other for fixed positioning of the propeller 200 of the UAV 500.
  • the side wall 74 is substantially cylindrical and is formed around the outer edge of the top wall 72 and is substantially perpendicular to the top wall 72 and faces the yoke 52. extend.
  • a plurality of wind holes 741 are formed in the side wall 74.
  • the air hole 741 extends through the side wall 74 and extends substantially in the radial direction of the cover body 70 until it communicates with the inner cavity of the motor 100.
  • the number of the air holes 741 is plural, and the plurality of the air holes 741 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the side walls 74 and are spaced apart from each other.
  • the air hole 741 is used to allow air to circulate, thereby facilitating heat dissipation of the motor 100.
  • the extending direction of the air hole 741 is substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of the slits 3431 formed by the plurality of heat radiating portions 343, so that the flow direction of the air passing through the air holes 741 is substantially perpendicular to the corresponding The flow direction of the air of the slit 3431.
  • a plurality of the vanes 76 are disposed on a side of the top wall 72 facing the yoke 52.
  • the vane 76 is a centrifugal fan blade.
  • a plurality of the vanes 76 are spaced apart from each other on the top wall 72 and are arranged substantially in a radial shape. Two adjacent sides of each of the vanes 76 are coupled to the top wall 72 and the side walls 74, respectively.
  • a duct 761 is formed between each of the two blades 76, and each of the ducts 761 corresponds to one of the air holes 741 and communicates with the air holes 741.
  • the cover 70 further includes a retaining ring 78.
  • the retaining ring 78 is disposed in the cover body 70 and is disposed at one end of the air duct 761 to form a ventilation duct at the connection between the air duct 761 and the air hole 741 to guide the air.
  • the flow direction and the effect of accelerating the air flow speed while collecting the wind increase the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor 100.
  • the retaining ring 78 is generally annular in shape that overlaps the vane 76 and is disposed generally parallel to the top wall 72.
  • the retaining ring 78 is coupled to the vane 76, and a peripheral edge of the retaining ring 78 is coupled to the sidewall 74.
  • the retaining ring 78 is integrally formed with the vane 76 and the side wall 74. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the retaining ring 78 can be assembled with the vane 76 and the side wall 74.
  • the rotating shaft 90 is substantially cylindrical and has one end inserted at a substantially central position of the top wall 72 of the cover 70 and connected to the top wall 72.
  • the rotating shaft is connected.
  • the other end of the 90 is rotatably inserted into the fixing portion 12 of the base 10.
  • the motor 100 When the motor 100 is energized, the rotor 50 drives the cover 70 and the rotating shaft 90 to rotate relative to the stator 30 and the base 10. Further, the end of the rotating shaft 90 protrudes from the surface of the top wall 72 of the cover body 70 for mounting the propeller 200 and driving the propeller 200 to rotate.
  • the rotating shaft 90 can be not limited to the above-mentioned arrangement.
  • one end of the rotating shaft 90 can be inserted into the fixing portion 12 of the base 10 and connected to the fixing portion 12, and the other end can be Rotatingly passing through the top wall 72 of the cover body 70, the rotor 50, the cover body 70 and the propeller 200 are rotatable relative to the stator 30 and the base 10 about the axis of the rotating shaft 90.
  • the rotating shaft 90 can be inserted into the fixing portion 12 of the base 10 and connected to the fixing portion 12, and the other end can be Rotatingly passing through the top wall 72 of the cover body 70, the rotor 50, the cover body 70 and the propeller 200 are rotatable relative to the stator 30 and the base 10 about the axis of the rotating shaft 90.
  • the number of the propellers 200 is A plurality of each of the propellers 200 are mounted on one of the motors 100 to collectively form a power unit to provide flight power to the unmanned aerial vehicle 500.
  • the motor 100 of the present embodiment When the motor 100 of the present embodiment is assembled, first, the coil is wound around the core 32, the core 32 is fixedly disposed on the fixing portion 12, and the heat sink 34 is received.
  • the iron core 32 is connected to the fixing portion 12 .
  • the magnet 54 is mounted on the yoke 52, the yoke 52 is fixedly connected to the cover 70, and one end of the rotating shaft 90 is inserted on the top of the cover 70. On the wall 72.
  • one end of the rotating shaft 90 away from the cover body 70 is rotatably inserted into the fixing portion 12, and the yoke 52 is rotatably disposed on the outer circumference of the stator 30.
  • the vent hole 141 on the susceptor 10 communicates with a cavity (not shown) inside the yoke 52, and passes through a slit 3431 between the plurality of heat radiating portions 343.
  • the air hole 741 and the air duct 761 on the cover 70 are in communication with each other.
  • an air flow passage (not shown) is formed between the cover 70, the yoke 52 and the base 10 to allow air to circulate to remove heat generated when the motor 100 operates.
  • the motor has a KV value of 120.
  • Table 1 shows the torque and motor efficiency of the motor using the new motor provided at different stator heights, different stator outer diameters, different magnet widths and different support thicknesses. And the change of the motor speed.
  • the coil of the motor is formed by winding a wire having a diameter of 0.9 mm after removing the patent leather, and the wiring is a delta connection. It will be appreciated that the coils may also be of other types of wiring, such as a Y-connection or a star connection.
  • the operating efficiency of the motor of the third embodiment is relatively high, reaching 82.3% or more.
  • An electric machine is applied to a propeller 200 of the unmanned aerial vehicle 500, and the propeller 200 is fixedly mounted at one end of a rotating shaft of the motor.
  • the rotor of the motor drives the propeller 200 to rotate through the rotating shaft, thereby driving the UAV 500 to fly.
  • the torque coefficient of the propeller 200 is greater than or equal to 1.32*10 -5 [Nm ⁇ m / (rev / min) 2 ] and less than or equal to 1.92 * 10 -5 [Nm ⁇ m / (rev / min) 2 ].
  • the torque coefficient of the propeller 200 is:
  • Torque factor torque / (speed 2 )
  • the propeller 200 is a folding propeller, and when the UAV 500 is not in operation, the two folding blades of the propeller 200 can be rotated to overlap with the motor 100.
  • the length of each of the folding blades is greater than or equal to 295 mm and less than or equal to 355 mm.
  • the two sheets of the folding blades form a paddle diameter greater than or equal to 640 mm and less than or equal to 760 mm.
  • the motor of the embodiment of the present invention optimizes the height and outer diameter of the stator, optimizes the width of the magnet, and the thickness of the support portion, so that the motor is applied to the In the case of the propeller, it is possible to have a high operating efficiency and a high efficiency, and therefore, the dynamic performance of the motor is good.
  • the motor 100 is required to be equipped with an electronic governor (not shown) to allow the electronic governor to control the operating speed of the motor 100.
  • the electronic governor is fixed on the base 10, and the motor 100 runs while dissipating heat. The electronic governor is also cooled.
  • the motor 100 of the UAV 500 of the present invention has a vent hole 141 formed in the base 10 thereof, and the side wall 74 of the cover 70 defines the air hole 741 and the air duct 761 to make the cover body 70.
  • An air flow channel is formed between the yoke 52 and the base 10.
  • the retaining ring 78 is disposed on the air duct 761, so that a joint of the air duct 761 and the air hole 741 forms a ventilation duct to guide the flow direction of the air to gather the wind.
  • the action speeds up the air flow speed, further improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor 100.
  • the heat dissipating member 34 includes a heat dissipating portion 343, and the heat dissipating portion 343 is a ribbed structure.
  • the heat dissipating portion 343 is formed.
  • the contact area with air is relatively large, allowing heat to be radiated into the air more quickly.
  • the flowing air can also quickly carry away the heat conducted to the heat radiating portion 343.
  • the top wall 72 of the cover body 70 of the motor 100 is substantially plate-shaped, and only the side wall 74 is opened to allow air to circulate the air hole 741, so that the cover body 70 is provided.
  • the substantially closed cover body ensures the dustproof effect of the motor 100, so that impurities such as dust in the air are not easily directly entered into the motor 100, thereby making the motor 100 run more smoothly.
  • the ventilation structure composed of the plurality of air ducts 761 and the air holes 741 further improves the dustproof effect of the motor 100 without affecting air circulation and heat dissipation.
  • the air hole 741 on the side wall 74 can also be opened on the top wall 72 of the cover 70, or a plurality of the air holes 741 can be respectively opened on the top wall 72 and the Said on the side wall 74. Therefore, the ventilation structure composed of the plurality of air ducts 761 and the air hole 741 can ensure the heat dissipation effect of the motor 100 while ensuring The dustproof effect of the motor 100 is demonstrated.
  • the shape of the wind hole 741 is not limited to the hole structure described above, and may be designed as a multi-ring structure, a rectangular structure, a grid structure or other irregular pattern structure or the like to allow the cover.
  • the body 70 has a dustproof effect and does not affect the air flow and heat dissipation.
  • the structure of the heat dissipating portion 343 of the heat dissipating member 34 is not limited to the ribbed heat dissipating structure described above, and it can be designed as another heat dissipating structure.
  • the heat dissipation portion 343 may be a columnar heat dissipation end.
  • the heat dissipating member 34 may include the mounting portion 341 and a heat dissipating end protrudingly formed on the mounting portion 341 , and the mounting portion 341 is disposed on the fixing portion 12 .
  • the heat dissipation end may be a heat dissipation fin formed by the surface of the mounting portion 341, a heat dissipation blade, a heat dissipation cylinder, or other similar heat dissipation structure to increase the The contact area of the heat sink 34 with the air further improves the heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the structure of the mounting portion 341 of the heat sink 34 is not limited to the above-described annular structure, and may be other structures such as a plate shape, a column shape, and the like, and is housed in the stator 30. And used to carry the heat dissipation portion 343.
  • the mounting portion 341 can be provided with a plurality of heat dissipation holes for allowing air to flow, so that the ventilation holes 141 of the base 10 can pass through the plurality of heat dissipation holes and the air passage 761.
  • the direction of the heat dissipation holes extends substantially along the axial direction of the motor 100.
  • these heat dissipation holes can also be disposed on the heat dissipation portion 343 at the same time.

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Abstract

一种电机(100)、使用该电机的动力装置及使用该动力装置的无人飞行器(500)，其中所述电机(100)包括定子(30)以及可转动地罩设于所述定子(30)外的转子(50)，所述电机(100)还包括散热件(34)，所述散热件(34)收容于所述定子(30)内，并与所述定子(30)止转连接；当所述电机(100)运转时，所述转子(50)引起周围的空气流动，使流动的空气带走所述电机(100)产生的热量，从而上述的飞行器(500)及其电机(100)散热效率较高。

Description

电机、动力装置及使用该动力装置的无人飞行器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电机、使用该电机的动力装置及使用该动力装置的无人飞行器。
背景技术
无刷电机因为低损耗、低噪音、运转顺畅及寿命长的优势，在机电一体化应用领域中得到广泛的应用。通常，无刷电机包括基座、设于该基座上的定子、转动设于该定子上的转子以及连接于该转子上的外盖。通常，该外盖为开放式结构，其具有大型的开口，以利于该电机散热，该电机运转时产生的热量通过该开放式的外盖辐射到空气中。然而，上述无刷电机的散热效率低，容易造成电机磁体因高温而失效。
发明内容
鉴于上述状况，有必要提供一种散热效率较高的电机，还有必要提供一种使用该电机的动力装置及使用该动力装置的无人飞行器。
一种电机，其包括定子以及可转动地罩设于所述定子外的转子。所述电机还包括散热件，所述散热件收容于所述定子内，并与所述定子止转连接；当所述电机运转时，所述转子引起周围的空气流动，使流动的空气带走所述电机产生的热量。
进一步地，所述散热件为圆盘形，并且所述散热件安装在所述定子的铁芯的中心孔内，所述散热件包括呈辐射状分布的多个散 热部。
进一步地，所述散热部为散热鳍片、散热叶片、散热柱体中的至少一种；
或/及，所述散热件上设置有用以允许空气流通的散热孔，所述散热孔沿着所述电机的转动轴线延伸。
进一步地，所述散热件还包括环形的装设部，所述装设部固定在所述定子的铁芯的中心孔内；所述多个散热部位于所述装设部内，并且从所述装设部的内环面延伸出。
进一步地，所述散热部为散热叶片，多个所述散热叶片彼此间隔设置于所述装设部的内环面。
进一步地，多个所述散热叶片与所述电机的转动轴线平行或重合，使每两个所述散热叶片之间形成狭缝，所述狭缝用以允许空气流通；
或/及，所述装设部与所述定子同轴设置，多个所述散热叶片设置于所述装设部的内壁上，且多个所述散热叶片沿所述装设部的周向依次间隔设置。
进一步地，所述电机还包括连接于所述转子上的盖体，所述盖体上设置有用以允许空气流通的风孔，当所述电机运转时，流动的空气能够自所述电机内部从所述风孔中排出以带走所述电机产生的热量。
进一步地，所述盖体上设置有叶片，所述叶片能够在所述转子带动下转动，从而引起周围的空气流动。
进一步地，所述盖体还包括侧壁及顶壁，所述侧壁设置在所述顶壁的周缘且与所述转子相连接，所述叶片设置在所述顶壁上，所述风孔设置于所述侧壁及所述顶壁中的至少一个上。
进一步地，所述叶片为多个，多个所述叶片彼此间隔地呈辐射 状排列于所述顶壁上，每两个所述叶片之间形成风道；所述风孔设置于所述侧壁上，每个所述风道对应于一个所述风孔，并与所述风孔连通。
所述盖体还包括挡环，所述挡环设置在所述叶片背离所述顶壁的一侧。
进一步地，所述挡环的一侧与所述叶片相连接，且所述挡环的周缘与所述侧壁相连接。
进一步地，所述电机还包括基座，所述定子设置于所述基座上；所述基座上设置有通气孔，所述通气孔与所述转子的内腔相连通。
进一步地，所述基座包括固定部及通风部，所述定子固定于所述固定部上，所述通风部环绕设置于所述固定部外周，所述通气孔设置在所述通风部上。
进一步地，所述定子的高度大于等于9毫米且小于等于11毫米；
或/及，所述定子的外直径大于等于95毫米且小于等于105毫米；
或/及，所述电机的KV值为120。
进一步地，所述转子包括磁轭及设置于所述磁轭内的多个磁体，所述磁轭罩设于所述定子外，多个所述磁体固定地设置于所述磁轭的内壁，并沿所述磁轭的周向间隔排列设置。
进一步地，每个所述磁体沿所述磁轭的直径方向的厚度或平均厚度大于等于1.3毫米且小于等于1.7毫米；
或/及，每个所述磁体沿所述磁轭的圆周方向的宽度或平均宽度大于等于5.6毫米且小于等于6.2毫米。
进一步地，所述定子包括铁芯及设置于所述铁芯上的线圈；所述铁芯包括套设部及设置于所述套设部上的支撑部，所述线圈绕设 于所述支撑部上。
进一步地，每个所述支撑部的厚度或平均厚度大于等于2.3毫米且小于等于2.9毫米；
或/及，所述支撑部的厚度从靠近所述套设部的一侧到远离所述套设部的一侧逐渐增大。
进一步地，用于绕设形成所述线圈的导线除去漆皮后的直径大于等于0.30毫米且小于等于0.90毫米。
进一步地，所述线圈由除去漆皮后直径为0.9毫米的导线绕设13匝形成；
或者，所述线圈由除去漆皮后直径为0.35毫米的导线绕设15匝形成；
或者，线圈由两股除去漆皮后直径为0.3毫米的导线绕设30匝所形成。
一种动力装置，包括螺旋桨，所述动力装置还包括如上任一项所述的电机，所述螺旋桨连接于所述电机上，所述电机能够驱动所述螺旋桨转动。
进一步地，所述螺旋桨的扭矩系数大于等于1.32*10-5[牛·米/(转/分)2]且小于等于1.92*10-5[牛·米/(转/分)2]；
或/及，所述螺旋桨为折叠桨，并且包括两片折叠桨叶；每个所述折叠桨叶的长度为大于或等于295毫米且小于或等于355毫米；当所述螺旋桨200转动时，两片所述折叠桨叶形成的桨盘直径大于或等于640毫米且小于或等于760毫米。
一种无人飞行器，其包括飞行器机身。所述无人飞行器还包括如上中任一项所述的动力装置，所述电机设置于所述飞行器机身上，以为所述无人飞行器提供飞行动力。
本发明的无人飞行器的电机，包括与所述定子止转连接的散热件，当所述电机100工作时产生的热量传导至所述散热件上时，因所述散热件与空气的接触面积相对较大，使热量能够更快速地辐射到空气中，因此，该电机散热效率较高。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施方式的无人飞行器的立体示意图。
图2为图1所示无人飞行器的电机的组装立体图。
图3为图2所示电机的立体分解图。
图4为图2所示电机另一视角的立体分解图。
图5为图2所示电机的部分结构的立体示意图。
图6为图4所示电机的横截面的局部示意图。
图7为图2所示电机的盖体及转子的立体示意图。
主要元件符号说明
电机 100
基座 10
固定部 12
通风部 14
通气孔 141
定子 30
铁芯 32
套设部 321
支撑部 323
止挡部 325
散热件 34
装设部 341
散热部 343
狭缝 3431
转子 50
磁轭 52
磁体 54
盖体 70
顶壁 72
定位孔 721
侧壁 74
风孔 741
叶片 76
转轴 90
螺旋桨 200
无人飞行器 500
飞行器机身 510
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认 为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
在实现本发明的过程中，发明人发现了如下问题：
(1)电机散热效率主要受电机的定子的散热影响，为此，发明人主要对电机的定子的散热方面做出改进。
(2)电机的定子的散热快慢与散热方向有关，为此，发明人采用散热件并且对散热件的散热方向做出设计。
(3)电机的效率与定子的高度、定子的外直径、转子的磁体沿所述磁轭的直径方向的厚度或平均厚度、磁体沿所述磁轭的圆周方向的宽度或平均宽度、定子的用于缠绕线圈的支撑部的厚度或平均厚度有关，为此，发明人对此做出改进。
下面结合附图，对本发明的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1，本发明一实施方式的无人飞行器500，其用于搭载摄影机、照相机等电子装置(图未示出)进行摄影。所述无人飞行器500包括飞行器机身510以及设置于所述飞行器机身510上的动力装置(图未标出)。所述动力装置包括电机100以及设置于所述电机100上的螺旋桨200。所述电机100用于驱动所述螺旋桨200转 动，从而带动所述无人飞行器500飞行。所述电机100可以为多个，多个所述电机100分别设置于所述飞行器机身510上。
请同时参阅图2至图4，在本实施方式中，所述电机100为无刷电机，其包括基座10、定子30、转子50、盖体70以及转轴90。具体在图示的实施例中，所述定子30固定地设置于所述基座10上，所述转子50可转动地连接于所述基座10上，所述盖体70设置于所述转子50上，所述转轴90设置于所述盖体70上。
所述基座10包括固定部12及形成于所述固定部12上的通风部14。
所述固定部12大致呈盘状，其用于装设并固定所述定子30。
在本实施方式中，所述通风部14大致呈环状，其设置于固定部12的外周。所述通风部14上设置有多个通气孔141，所述通气孔141贯通所述通风部14并与所述电机100的内腔连通。所述通气孔141用以允许空气流通，以允许流动的空气带走所述电机100内部因工作而产生的热量。
由于通风部14大致为环状，位于固定部12的外周，所以刚好与定子30的铁芯32相对应，从而加快定子30的铁芯32的铁芯的散热效率。
请同时参阅图5，所述定子30设置于所述固定部12上，其包括铁芯32以及线圈(图中未示出)。所述线圈绕设于所述铁芯32上。
所述铁芯32包括套设部321以及设置于所述套设部321上的支撑部323。
所述套设部321大致呈圆柱筒状，其设置于所述固定部12上，并与所述固定部12止转连接。在本实施方式中，所述套设部321沿其轴线方向上的高度h为大于等于9毫米且小于等于11毫米。 所述套设部321的高度h可以为9毫米至11毫米之间的任意值，例如，所述套设部321的高度h可以为9毫米，9.5毫米，10毫米，10.5毫米，11毫米，……或者为上述任意两个数值所界定的数值范围内的任意值。
所述支撑部323可以为多个，多个所述支撑部323设置于所述套设部321的外，并沿所述套设部321的周向间隔排列设置。每个所述支撑部323均大致呈板状，其一侧固定于所述套设部321的外周，另一侧沿所述套设部321的径向朝背离所述套设部321的方向延伸。
请同时参阅图6，具体在图示的实施例中，所述支撑部323的厚度从靠近所述套设部321的一侧到远离所述套设部321的一侧逐渐增大。在本实施方式中，所述支撑部323的平均厚度t大于等于2.3毫米且小于等于2.9毫米。所述支撑部323的平均厚度t可以为2.3毫米至2.9毫米之间的任意值，例如2.3毫米，2.35毫米，2.5毫米，2.55毫米，2.6毫米，2.65毫米，2.7毫米，2.75毫米，2.9毫米，……或者为上述任意两个数值所界定的数值范围内的任意值。
可以理解的是，所述支撑部323可以为矩形板状，其厚度t从靠近所述套设部321的一侧到远离所述套设部321的一侧均相等，所述支撑部323的厚度t大于等于2.3毫米且小于等于2.9毫米。所述支撑部323的厚度t可以为2.3毫米至2.9毫米之间的任意值，例如2.3毫米，2.35毫米，2.5毫米，2.55毫米，2.6毫米，2.65毫米，2.7毫米，2.75毫米，2.9毫米，……或者为上述任意两个数值所界定的数值范围内的任意值。
可以理解的是，所述支撑部323的数量可以为多个，例如，五个，六个，七个，八个，十个，十一个，……等等。
所述支撑部323用于支撑所述线圈(图未示出)。所述线圈可以为多个，每个所述线圈绕设在一个所述支撑部323上。用于绕设形成所述线圈的导线除去漆皮后的直径大于等于0.30毫米且小于等于0.90毫米，其绕设匝数大于等于13匝且小于等于20匝。具体在本实施方式中，所述线圈采用除去漆皮后的直径为0.9毫米的导线绕设13匝形成。可以理解，在其他实施例中，在满足与上述绕线方式的槽满率相近的槽满率的条件下，所述线圈可以由其他规格的导线绕设对应的匝数而形成。例如，所述导线除去漆皮后的直径可以为0.31毫米，0.5毫米等，所述线圈可以由除去漆皮后直径为0.35毫米的导线绕设15匝形成，或者所述线圈可以由其他规格的导线绕设对应的匝数而形成。可以理解，所述线圈可以为多股导线绕设形成，例如，所述线圈可以由利用两股直径为0.3毫米的导线绕设30匝所形成。
进一步地，每一个所述支撑部323远离所述套设部321的末端形成一个止挡部325。每一个所述止挡部325的尺寸大于对应的所述支撑部323末端的厚度尺寸，以防止对应的所述线圈(图未示出)脱离对应的所述支撑部323，并利于所述铁芯32的导磁。所述止挡部325背离对应的所述支撑部323的表面为部分圆柱面。
所述止挡部325、所述支撑部323、所述套设部321以及所述线圈所构成的所述定子30大致呈圆柱状。
所述圆柱状的定子30的外直径D大于等于95毫米且小于等于105毫米。所述定子30的外直径D可以为95毫米至105毫米之间的任意值，例如，所述定子30的外直径D可以为95毫米，98毫米，99毫米，100毫米，101毫米，102毫米，105毫米，……或者为上述任意两个数值所界定的数值范围内的任意值。
所述圆柱状的定子30沿其轴线方向的高度H大于等于9毫米 且小于等于11毫米。所述定子的高度H可以为9毫米至11毫米之间的任意值，例如，所述定子30的高度H可以为9毫米，9.5毫米，10毫米，10.5毫米，11毫米，……或者为上述任意两个数值所界定的数值范围内的任意值。本实施方式中，所述定子30的轴向高度H即为所述套设部321的轴向高度h；可以理解，所述定子30的最大轴向高度可以大于或者小于所述套设部321的轴向高度h，即，所述套设部321端部可以相对于所述定子30的端部凸出或者凹陷。
为了加快所述电机100进行散热，所述电机100还包括散热件34，所述散热件34与所述定子30止转连接。具体而言，所述散热件34收容于所述套设部321的中心通孔之内，并固定连接于所述基座10的所述固定部12上。由于散热件34收容于套设部321的中心孔内，以增大散热件34与定子30的铁芯32的接触面积，提高散热效率，同时避免增加整个电机的体积，利于电机小型化设计。
在本实施方式中，所述散热件34大致呈圆盘形。包括装设部341以及散热部343。在本实施方式中，所述装设部341大致呈环状，其与所述套设部321大致同轴设置。所述散热部343大致呈片状。所述散热部343设置在所述装设部341内侧，并大致沿所述散热部343的径向延伸。由于散热部343沿所述散热部343的径向延伸，以引导定子30的铁芯32的热量由外朝向中部汇聚，经由电机的轴向气流带走，从而提高电机的散热效率。
在本实施方式中，所述散热部343的数量为多个，多个所述散热部343沿所述装设部341的周向依次间隔设置。多个所述散热部343位于所述装设部341内，并从所述装设部341的内环面延伸出。多个散热片状的所述散热部343形成辐射状分布的肋片式散热结构，多个所述散热部343与所述电机100的转动轴线平行或重合， 使每两个相邻的所述散热部343之间形成狭缝3431，且使所述狭缝3431的方向大致沿所述电机100的轴线方向延伸。所述狭缝3431有利于空气的流通，使流动的空气带走所述散热部343的热量，从而利于所述电机100的散热。
所述转子50罩设于所述铁芯32外周，其包括磁轭52及设置于所述磁轭52上的磁体54。
所述磁轭52大致呈圆柱筒状，其可转动地罩设于所述铁芯32外周。
所述磁体54可以为多个，多个所述磁体54固定地设置于所述磁轭52的内侧，并沿所述磁轭52的周向间隔排列设置。具体在图示的实施例中，每个所述磁体54大致呈弧形片状，其沿所述磁轭52的直径方向的厚度T或平均厚度T大于等于1.3毫米且小于等于1.7毫米。所述磁体54的厚度T或平均厚度可以为1.3毫米至1.7毫米之间的任意值，例如，所述磁体54的厚度T或平均厚度T可以为1毫米，1.3毫米，1.4毫米，1.5毫米，1.6毫米，1.7毫米，……或者为上述任意两个数值所界定的数值范围内的任意值。
所述磁体54沿所述磁轭52的圆周方向的宽度b或平均宽度b大于等于5.6毫米且小于等于6.2毫米。所述磁体54的宽度b或平均宽度b可以为5.6毫米至6.2毫米之间的任意值，例如，所述磁体54的宽度b或平均宽度b可以为5.6毫米，5.7毫米，5.7毫米，5.9毫米，5.95毫米，6.0毫米，6.02毫米，6.03毫米，6.08毫米，6.1毫米，6.3毫米，……或者为上述任意两个数值所界定的数值范围内的任意值。
可以理解的是，所述磁体54可以为矩形板状。所述磁体54沿所述磁轭52的直径方向的厚度T可以处处相等，沿所述磁轭52的圆周方向的宽度b亦可以处处相等。
可以理解的是，所述磁体54的数量可以为多个，例如，七个，八个，九个，十个，十二个，十三个，十四个，……等等。
请同时参阅图7，所述盖体70连接于所述磁轭52上，其用于装设所述螺旋桨200。所述盖体70包括顶壁72、侧壁74以及叶片76。具体在图示的实施例中，所述侧壁74及所述叶片76均设置在所述顶壁72上。
所述顶壁72大致呈圆形板状，其上贯通开设有多个定位孔721。多个所述定位孔721彼此间隔设置，其用于对所述无人飞行器500的螺旋桨200进行固定定位。
请再次参阅图4，在本实施方式中，所述侧壁74大致呈圆柱状，其环绕所述顶壁72的外缘形成，且大致垂直于所述顶壁72并朝向所述磁轭52延伸。所述侧壁74上贯通开设有多个风孔741。在本实施例中，所述风孔741贯通所述侧壁74并大致沿所述盖体70的径向延伸，直至与所述电机100的内腔相连通。在本实施方式中，所述风孔741的数量为多个，多个所述风孔741沿所述侧壁74的周向排列，并彼此间隔设置。所述风孔741用以允许空气流通，从而利于电机100的散热。所述风孔741的延伸方向大致垂直于多个所述散热部343所形成的所述狭缝3431的延伸方向，从而使经过所述风孔741的空气的流动方向大致垂直于经过所述对应的狭缝3431的空气的流动方向。
多个所述叶片76设置于所述顶壁72朝向所述磁轭52的一侧。在本实施方式中，所述叶片76为离心式扇叶片。多个所述叶片76彼此间隔设置于所述顶壁72上，且大致呈辐射状排列。每所述叶片76上相邻的两个侧边分别连接于顶壁72及侧壁74上。每两个所述叶片76之间形成一风道761，每个所述风道761对应于一个所述风孔741，并与所述风孔741相连通。当所述转子50带动所 述盖体70相对所述定子30转动时，所述叶片76同时做旋转运动，加速其周围的空气流动速度，以提高所述电机100的散热效率。
为了进一步地提高所述电机100的散热效率，所述盖体70还包括挡环78。所述挡环78设置于所述盖体70内，并盖设在所述风道761的一端，使所述风道761与所述风孔741的连接处形成一个通气管道，以导正空气的流动方向，并起到聚风的同时加快空气流动速度的作用，提高了所述电机100的散热效率。具体在图示的实施例中，所述挡环78大致呈环形片状，其叠置与所述叶片76上，并大致与所述顶壁72相平行设置。所述挡环78与所述叶片76相连接，所述挡环78的周缘与所述侧壁74相连接。在本实施方式中，所述挡环78与所述叶片76及所述侧壁74为一体成型。可以理解的是，在其他的实施方式中，所述挡环78与所述叶片76及所述侧壁74可以组装于一起。
请再次参阅图2至图4，所述转轴90大致呈圆柱杆状，其一端插设于盖体70的顶壁72的大致中部位置，并与所述顶壁72止转连接，所述转轴90的另一端可转动地插设于所述基座10的所述固定部12中。当所述电机100通电作业时，所述转子50带动所述盖体70及所述转轴90相对所述定子30及所述基座10转动。进一步地，所述转轴90的末端凸伸出所述盖体70的顶壁72的表面，其用于装设所述螺旋桨200，并驱动所述螺旋桨200转动。可以理解，所述转轴90可以不局限于上述的设置方式，例如，所述转轴90的一端可以插设于基座10的固定部12中并与所述固定部12止转连接，另一端可转动地穿设于所述盖体70的顶壁72，使所述转子50、盖体70及所述螺旋桨200能够绕所述转轴90的轴线相对于所述定子30和所述基座10转动即可。
请再次参阅图1，在本实施方式中，所述螺旋桨200的数量为 多个，每个所述螺旋桨200均装设于一个所述电机100上，以共同组成一动力装置，从而为所述无人飞行器500提供飞行的动力。
组装本实施方式的电机100时，首先，将所述线圈绕设于所述铁芯32上，将所述铁芯32固定地设置于所述固定部12上，再将所述散热件34收容于所述铁芯32内并与所述固定部12连接。然后，将所述磁体54装设于所述磁轭52上，将所述磁轭52固定地连接于所述盖体70上，再将所述转轴90的一端插设于盖体70的顶壁72上。最后，将所述转轴90远离所述盖体70的一端可转动地插设于所述固定部12上，使所述磁轭52转动罩设于所述定子30外周。此时，所述基座10上的所述通气孔141与所述磁轭52内部的腔体(图未标出)连通，并通过多个所述散热部343之间的狭缝3431与所述盖体70上的风孔741及风道761相连通。从而，所述盖体70、所述磁轭52及所述基座10之间形成一气流通道(图未示出)，以允许空气流通而带走电机100工作时产生的热量。
当所述电机100工作时，所述盖体70及所述转子50相对所述定子30和所述基座10转动，所述盖体70的所述叶片76因转动而扰动周围的空气，加速了周围空气的流动，使气流经由所述通气孔141进入所述磁轭52及所述铁芯32内部，再经由所述风道761及所述风孔741排出，从而带走所述电机100运转时产生的热量。
进一步地，在本实施方式中，所述电机的KV值为120。
请参阅表1，表1示出了本使用新型提供的电机在不同的定子高度、不同的定子外直径、不同的磁体宽度以及不同的支撑部厚度的情况下，所述电机的扭矩、电机效率及电机转速的变化情况。在本实施方式中，所述电机的线圈采用除去漆皮后的直径为0.9毫米的导线绕设13匝形成，其接线方式为三角形连接。可以理解，所述线圈还可以采用其他类型的接线方式，如，Y形连接或星形连接。
Figure PCTCN2016101839-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016101839-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2016101839-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016101839-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016101839-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2016101839-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2016101839-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2016101839-appb-000008
从表1中可以看出，所述第三实施方式的电机的运行效率较高，均达到了82.3％以上。
本发明实施方式提供的电机，其应用于所述无人飞行器500的螺旋桨200上，所述螺旋桨200固定地装设于所述电机的转轴的一端。当所述电机通电作业时，所述电机的转子通过所述转轴带动所述螺旋桨200转动，从而驱动所述无人飞行器500飞行。优选地，所述螺旋桨200的扭矩系数大于等于1.32*10-5[牛·米/(转/分)2]且小于等于1.92*10-5[牛·米/(转/分)2]。其中，所述螺旋桨200的扭矩系数为：
扭矩系数＝扭矩/(转速2)
进一步地，所述螺旋桨200为折叠式螺旋桨，当所述无人飞行器500不工作时，所述螺旋桨200的两片折叠桨叶能够相对所述电机100转动至叠置在一起。在本实施方式中，每个所述折叠桨叶的长度大于或等于295毫米且小于或等于355毫米。当所述螺旋桨200转动时，两片所述折叠桨叶形成的桨盘直径大于或等于640毫米且小于或等于760毫米。
综上所述，本发明实施方式的电机，其通过优化了所述定子的高度、外直径尺寸，并优化了所述磁体的宽度以及所述支撑部的厚度尺寸，使所述电机应用于所述螺旋桨中时，能够在具备较大运转功率的同时，具有较高的效率，因此，所述电机的动态性能较好。
进一步地，上述电机100工作时需配备一电子调速器(图未示出)，以允许所述电子调速器控制所述电机100的运转速度。所述电子调速器固定于所述基座10上，所述电机100运转散热的同时， 亦对所述电子调速器进行散热。
本发明的无人飞行器500的电机100，其基座10上设置有通气孔141，且其盖体70的侧壁74开设有所述风孔741及所述风道761，使所述盖体70、所述磁轭52及所述基座10之间形成一气流通道。当所述电机100运转时，所述盖体70的所述叶片76因转动而加速空气流动，流动的空气经由所述气流通道带走所述电机100工作时产生的热量，提高了所述电机100整体的散热效率。同时，所述挡环78盖设在所述风道761上，使所述风道761与所述风孔741的连接处形成一个通气管道，以导正空气的流动方向，在起到聚风作用的同时加快空气流动速度，进一步提高了所述电机100的散热效率。
进一步地，所述散热件34包括散热部343，所述散热部343为肋片式结构，当所述电机100工作时产生的热量传导至所述散热部343上时，因所述散热部343与空气的接触面积相对较大，使热量能够更快速地辐射到空气中。并且，流动的空气亦能够迅速带走传导至所述散热部343上的热量。另外，所述电机100的所述盖体70的所述顶壁72大致呈板状，仅于所述侧壁74上开设用以允许空气流通所述的风孔741，使所述盖体70大致为封闭式盖体，保证了所述电机100的防尘效果，使空气中的灰尘等杂质不易直接进入到所述电机100内部，从而使所述电机100运转更为顺畅。多个所述风道761与所述风孔741组成的通风结构，进一步提高了所述电机100的防尘效果的同时，不影响空气流通散热。
可以理解，所述侧壁74上的所述风孔741还可以开设于所述盖体70的顶壁72上，或者，多个所述风孔741可以分别开设在所述顶壁72及所述侧壁74上。从而使多个所述风道761与所述风孔741组成的通风结构能够保证所述电机100的散热效果的同时，保 证了所述电机100的防尘效果。
可以理解，所述风孔741的形状不局限于上文所描述的孔状结构，其可以设计为多环状结构，矩形结构、栅格结构或者其他不规则图形结构等，以允许所述盖体70具有防尘效果的同时，不影响空气流通散热。
可以理解，所述散热件34的散热部343的结构不局限于上文所描述的肋片式散热结构，其可以设计为其他的散热结构。例如，所述散热部343可以为柱状的散热端。具体而言，所述散热件34可以包括所述装设部341以及凸伸形成于所述装设部341上的散热端，所述装设部341设置于所述固定部12上。或者，在其他的一些实施例中，所述散热端可以为由所述装设部341表面凸伸形成的散热鳍片、散热叶片、散热柱体或者其他类似的散热结构，以增大所述散热件34与空气的接触面积，进一步提高散热效率。
类似地，所述散热件34的装设部341的结构也不局限于上文所描述的环状结构，其可以为其他的如板状、圆柱状等结构，并收容于所述定子30内，且用以承载所述散热部343。进一步地，所述装设部341可以贯通开设有多个用以允许空气流通的散热孔，以使所述基座10的通气孔141能够借由所述多个散热孔与所述风道761相连通，进一步地，所述散热孔的方向大致沿着所述电机100的轴线方向延伸。当然，这些散热孔同时也可以设置在所述散热部343上。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内做其它变化，当然，这些依据本发明精神所做的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围内。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电机，其包括定子以及能够转动地罩设于所述定子外的转子，其特征在于：所述电机还包括散热件，所述散热件收容于所述定子内，并与所述定子止转连接；当所述电机运转时，所述转子引起周围的空气流动，使流动的空气带走所述电机产生的热量。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述散热件为圆盘形，并且所述散热件安装在所述定子的铁芯的中心孔内，所述散热件包括呈辐射状分布的多个散热部。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于：所述散热部为散热鳍片、散热叶片、散热柱体中的至少一种；
    或/及，所述散热件上设置有用以允许空气流通的散热孔，所述散热孔沿着所述电机的转动轴线延伸。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于：所述散热件还包括环形的装设部，所述装设部固定在所述定子的铁芯的中心孔内；所述多个散热部位于所述装设部内，并且从所述装设部的内环面延伸出。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于：所述散热部为散热叶片，多个所述散热叶片彼此间隔设置于所述装设部的内环面。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于：多个所述散热叶片与所述电机的转动轴线平行或重合，使每两个所述散热叶片之间形成狭缝，所述狭缝用以允许空气流通；
    或/及，所述装设部与所述定子同轴设置，多个所述散热叶片设置于所述装设部的内壁上，且多个所述散热叶片沿所述装设部的周向依次间隔设置。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述电机还 包括连接于所述转子上的盖体，所述盖体上设置有用以允许空气流通的风孔，当所述电机运转时，流动的空气能够自所述电机内部从所述风孔中排出以带走所述电机产生的热量。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于：所述盖体上设置有叶片，所述叶片能够在所述转子带动下转动，从而引起周围的空气流动。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电机，其特征在于：所述盖体还包括侧壁及顶壁，所述侧壁设置在所述顶壁的周缘且与所述转子相连接，所述叶片设置在所述顶壁上，所述风孔设置于所述侧壁及所述顶壁中的至少一个上。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电机，其特征在于：所述叶片为多个，多个所述叶片彼此间隔地呈辐射状排列于所述顶壁上，每两个所述叶片之间形成风道；所述风孔设置于所述侧壁上，每个所述风道对应于一个所述风孔，并与所述风孔连通。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的电机，其特征在于：所述盖体还包括挡环，所述挡环设置在所述叶片背离所述顶壁的一侧。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电机，其特征在于：所述挡环的一侧与所述叶片相连接，且所述挡环的周缘与所述侧壁相连接。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述电机还包括基座，所述定子设置于所述基座上；所述基座上设置有通气孔，所述通气孔与所述转子的内腔相连通。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电机，其特征在于：所述基座包括固定部及通风部，所述定子固定于所述固定部上，所述通风部环绕设置于所述固定部外周，所述通气孔设置在所述通风部上。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述定子的 高度大于等于9毫米且小于等于11毫米；
    或/及，所述定子的外直径大于等于95毫米且小于等于105毫米；
    或/及，所述电机的KV值为120。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述转子包括磁轭及设置于所述磁轭内的多个磁体，所述磁轭罩设于所述定子外，多个所述磁体固定地设置于所述磁轭的内壁，并沿所述磁轭的周向间隔排列设置。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电机，其特征在于：每个所述磁体沿所述磁轭的直径方向的厚度或平均厚度大于等于1.3毫米且小于等于1.7毫米；
    或/及，每个所述磁体沿所述磁轭的圆周方向的宽度或平均宽度大于等于5.6毫米且小于等于6.2毫米。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述定子包括铁芯及设置于所述铁芯上的线圈；所述铁芯包括套设部及设置于所述套设部上的支撑部，所述线圈绕设于所述支撑部上。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电机，其特征在于：每个所述支撑部的厚度或平均厚度大于等于2.3毫米且小于等于2.9毫米；
    或/及，所述支撑部的厚度从靠近所述套设部的一侧到远离所述套设部的一侧逐渐增大。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的电机，其特征在于：用于绕设形成所述线圈的导线除去漆皮后的直径大于等于0.30毫米且小于等于0.90毫米。
  21. 如权利要求18所述的电机，其特征在于：所述线圈由除去漆皮后直径为0.9毫米的导线绕设13匝形成；
    或者，所述线圈由除去漆皮后直径为0.35毫米的导线绕 设15匝形成；
    或者，线圈由两股除去漆皮后直径为0.3毫米的导线绕设30匝所形成。
  22. 一种动力装置，包括螺旋桨，其特征在于：所述动力装置还包括权利要求1～21中任一项所述的电机，所述螺旋桨连接于所述电机上，所述电机能够驱动所述螺旋桨转动。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的动力装置，其特征在于：所述螺旋桨的扭矩系数大于等于1.32*10-5[牛·米/(转/分)2]且小于等于1.92*10-5[牛·米/(转/分)2]；
    或/及，所述螺旋桨为折叠桨，并且包括两片折叠桨叶；每个所述折叠桨叶的长度为大于等于295毫米且小于等于355毫米；当所述螺旋桨转动时，两片所述折叠桨叶形成的桨盘直径大于等于640毫米且小于等于760毫米。
  24. 一种无人飞行器，其包括飞行器机身，其特征在于：所述飞行器还包括权利要求22～23中任一项所述的动力装置，所述电机设置于所述飞行器机身上，以为所述无人飞行器提供飞行动力。
PCT/CN2016/101839 2016-01-19 2016-10-12 电机、动力装置及使用该动力装置的无人飞行器 WO2017124783A1 (zh)

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