WO2017114385A1 - 一种用于液体处理的在线热交换清洗系统 - Google Patents

一种用于液体处理的在线热交换清洗系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017114385A1
WO2017114385A1 PCT/CN2016/112362 CN2016112362W WO2017114385A1 WO 2017114385 A1 WO2017114385 A1 WO 2017114385A1 CN 2016112362 W CN2016112362 W CN 2016112362W WO 2017114385 A1 WO2017114385 A1 WO 2017114385A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cleaning
liquid
cleaning object
insert
heat exchange
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PCT/CN2016/112362
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廉美蓉
李
刘英凡
闫肃
曹正宇
朱金辉
王钊
周莘然
杨涛
Original Assignee
中国海洋石油总公司
中海油节能环保服务有限公司
以色列制冷质量管理有限公司
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Application filed by 中国海洋石油总公司, 中海油节能环保服务有限公司, 以色列制冷质量管理有限公司 filed Critical 中国海洋石油总公司
Publication of WO2017114385A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017114385A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/12—Fluid-propelled scrapers, bullets, or like solid bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an industrial production process of a heat exchanger, and in particular to a processing system and method comprising an online heat exchange cleaning system for cleaning objects carried by a process liquid, belonging to the technical field of cleaning.
  • a ball cleaning system has been employed in the field of heat exchangers using water or seawater as a medium. Examples of such systems and equipment are shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,388,636, 5,450,895, 5,447, 193, and 6, 913, 071, the disclosures of In general, these systems provide a large number of cleaning objects, typically sponge balls, which are injected upstream of the working fluid of the heat exchanger and collected downstream of the heat exchanger. The balls are sized so that they fit through the tubes of the heat exchanger, scraping off the deposits and dirt as they flow, which ensures heat exchange efficiency while avoiding the large downtime caused by frequent cleaning of the heat exchanger time.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 5,388,636, 5,450,895, 5,447, 193, and 6, 913, 071 the disclosures of In general, these systems provide a large number of cleaning objects, typically sponge balls, which are injected upstream of the working fluid of the heat exchanger and collected downstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the balls are sized so that they fit
  • Another obstacle to implementing such a cleaning system is that it must be operated under chemical and physical operating conditions, many of which are carried out under strongly acidic conditions.
  • a multi-stage evaporator commonly used in phosphoric acid plants is used to increase the concentration of dilute phosphoric acid to 52-55 wt% of phosphorus pentoxide.
  • the concentrated phosphoric acid solution is supersaturated with respect to calcium sulfate, resulting in partial deposition of calcium sulfate on the walls of the heat exchanger tubes, which have a large thermal resistance due to the low thermal conductivity of these scales. Therefore, periodic cleaning of the heat exchanger is necessary, often less than two weeks apart.
  • Another example is the processing of petrochemical products, such as cracking of petrochemical products, which typically occurs at pressures of up to 220 atmospheres and a temperature of 500 °C. Such high temperatures are such that polymer spheres of the above type cannot be used.
  • the liquid handling system needs to include an in-line cleaning system that cleans the tubes of the heat exchanger by a liquid-loaded cleaning object. It also has the special advantage of providing a heat exchanger cleaning system and corresponding cleaning objects, suitable for different liquid densities and operating conditions, which will also facilitate their application in various industrial processes.
  • the present invention provides a liquid handling system and method comprising an inline heat exchanger cleaning system comprising a liquid carrying cleaning object.
  • the system includes a system for producing a product from a process liquid to process a process liquid.
  • a liquid processing apparatus comprising a heat exchanger having a plurality of heat exchange tubes having a given internal diameter, the liquid treatment device being configured to generate a flowing process fluid through a heat exchange tube;
  • a The cleaning subsystem associated with the liquid processing apparatus includes a plurality of liquid-loaded cleaning objects that frictionally contact the inner surfaces of the plurality of heat exchange tubes to thereby clean the plurality of heat exchange tubes.
  • the cleaning subsystem further includes a cleaning object emitter for injecting a plurality of cleaning objects into the processing fluid upstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the cleaning subsystem further includes a collector for collecting a plurality of cleaning objects from the processing fluid downstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the cleaning object is substantially spherical.
  • the cleaning object consists essentially of a polymeric material.
  • polymeric material is chemically stable under acidic conditions having a pH of less than 4.
  • the polymeric material comprises silicone rubber.
  • each cleaning object comprises an insert having a density greater than the polymer.
  • the insert is formed from a metallic material.
  • Another feature of the invention is the formation of an insert from a corrosion resistant material under acidic conditions having a pH of less than 4.
  • Another feature of the invention is that the insert is sealed in a polymeric material.
  • Another feature of the invention is that the effective buoyancy of the polymeric material and the insert corresponds to a specific gravity of 1.4 ⁇ 0.2.
  • liquid handling device is part of an acid production process.
  • the cleaning object consists essentially of at least one elongated metal component.
  • an elongated metal component has at least one elongated metal strip.
  • the at least one elongated metal component is a plurality of intertwined elongated metal components forming a bonding substance.
  • the at least one elongated metal component formed is located primarily within a hollow sphere of a given wall thickness.
  • the at least one elongated metal element formed is located primarily on a spherical surface.
  • At least one elongated metal component occupies no more than about five percent of the effective volume of the cleaning object.
  • liquid handling apparatus is part of a hydrocarbon cracking process.
  • liquid handling apparatus will produce a liquid that exceeds 400 °C.
  • the fluid used for the liquid-washing object has a specific gravity greater than 1.1
  • the composition of the cleaning object comprises: (a) the cleaning object formed of the polymer material has a substantially spherical shape and has a hole; b) An insert formed from a denser insert than the polymeric material, the formed insert being embedded in the aperture to impart a predetermined effective density to the cleaning object.
  • the formed cleaning object has at least one member that retains elasticity to maintain the position of the insert within the aperture.
  • the insert is formed from a metal or metal alloy.
  • Figures 1A, 1B are schematic diagrams of a heat exchanger cleaning system suitable for use with the present invention, respectively illustrating the firing step and recovery step of the cleaning object of the cleaning system.
  • Figure 2 is an isometric view of a preferred external form of a cleaning object.
  • 3A is a cross-sectional view of a secondary external form of a cleaning object in accordance with the creation and implementation of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3B is a side view of the cleaning object of Fig. 3A.
  • Figure 3C is a top plan view of the cleaning object of Figure 3A.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first implementation of a variable density cleaning object in accordance with the creation and implementation of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a variable density cleaning object in accordance with the teachings and embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the implementation of a cleaning object formed from intertwined elongated metal members in accordance with the teachings and embodiments of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view similar to Figure 6, wherein the cleaning object for implementation is a metal component located within the spherical shell;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of a cleaning object formed from elongated metal elements, substantially on the surface of a sphere.
  • the present invention is a liquid processing system and method comprising an in-line heat exchanger cleaning system using a cleaning fluid carried by a process liquid.
  • the present invention provides a system for processing a process liquid and producing a product therefrom.
  • the system includes a liquid processing apparatus in which a heat exchanger having a plurality of heat exchange tubes of a given internal diameter is passed through a heat exchange tube to generate a flow Cheng liquid.
  • the details of the liquid handling apparatus depend on the nature of the application process of the present invention and do not form part of the present invention.
  • One production process that is particularly advantageous in the present invention is the process of making, concentrating or using a high concentration of acid.
  • a particularly advantageous second type of production process of the invention is a chemical process, such as cracking, carried out at elevated temperatures. In each case, the process will embody a certain degree of detail processing, which is directly related to the features of the present invention, while other features of the well-known technical field are omitted for brevity.
  • the present invention provides a liquid processing apparatus having a cleaning subsystem, comprising a plurality of liquid-loaded cleaning objects sized to pass through the interior of a plurality of heat exchange tubes and in frictional contact with the inner surfaces of the plurality of heat exchange tubes, thereby The plurality of heat exchange tubes are cleaned.
  • the cleaning object of the present invention is temporarily carried away by the fluid and then collected from the flowing liquid, the manufacture of which is derived from the flowing process fluid.
  • the cleaning subsystem preferably includes a launching system for injecting the cleaning object 102 downstream of the processing fluid of the heat exchanger 106 and A collector 108 for collecting a plurality of cleaning objects is collected from the treatment liquid downstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the cleaning object launching system includes a storage chamber 110 for cleaning objects, one-way check valves 112a and 112b, a pump 114 and four control valves 116a, 116b, 116c and 116d.
  • the transmitting system is connected to the four locations where the main stream 104 is located, represented by the letters A, B, C and D.
  • the control valves 116b and 116d are opened and 116a and 116c are closed, so that the pump 114 sends liquid from A to B, thereby injecting the cleaning object from the storage chamber 110 to the B of the main flow path 104, and then flows through Heat exchanger 106.
  • the cleaning objects pass through the heat exchanger and are collected in the collector 108, and the system switches to the state of FIG. 1B.
  • the control valves 116a and 116c are opened and the 116b and 116d are closed.
  • the pump 114 recovers the liquid from the C of the collector 108 through the storage chamber 110, thereby accumulating the cleaning objects back to their storage locations where they are blocked by the filter mesh and flow back from C to the main flow path D.
  • a remarkable feature of the present invention is cleaning objects, and two types of production processes are listed here: a strong acid production process and a high temperature petrochemical process. These two processes are implemented separately as follows. However, many of the functions described in these examples are equally applicable to other applications, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the main feature of this type of production process is that the design of the cleaning object 10 is adapted to both the chemical environment and the liquid density.
  • the cleaning objects for these applications are mainly composed of polymer materials that are chemically stable under acidic conditions.
  • Preferred is silicone rubber, which is substantially unaffected by concentrated acid conditions, for example, having a pH of less than 4 or even lower.
  • the other surfaces of the cleaning object 10 preferably have ribs or other flexible features. This form is illustrated in Figure 2, with the radially projecting ridges 12 extending from the center of the ball in various different directions, the interior being a generally spherical core 14, which is used as a wiper wipe heat exchange during use. The inner surface of the tube.
  • FIG. 3A-3C Another shape of the cleaning object 10 is shown in Figures 3A-3C.
  • the general spherical shape is formed by concentric cylindrical grooves 18 on opposite sides of the cleaning object, forming a concentric pattern of peaks 16 therebetween.
  • the depth of the slot 18 determines the thickness of the central core 20.
  • the width and number of slots 18 and the peaks 16 of corresponding dimensions determine the degree of flexibility of the resulting cleaning object.
  • each cleaning object 10 preferably comprises an insert 22 formed of a material having a greater density than the polymer.
  • the insert 22 is formed from a metallic material.
  • the cleaning object 10 is formed by the insert 22 placed in the aperture 24, the aperture 24 being resilient and also having a studded projection 26.
  • the cleaning object 10 of the barbed projection 26 as shown initially forms the aperture 24 and is then loaded into the insert 22 and permanently locked by the projection 26 in the position shown in FIG.
  • an additional vent 28 is provided to ensure that air within the bore does not impede the loading of the insert 22.
  • a small channel along one side of the aperture 24 can perform a similar function.
  • the insert 22 as shown in Figure 4 is exposed to the processing fluid of the system.
  • the insert 22 is selected to have a corrosion resistant material under the operating conditions of the processing system at a pH of less than 4, including but not limited to stainless steel.
  • Figure 5 illustrates another method in which the insert 22 is sealed within the polymeric material as a fully enclosed inner core.
  • This construction can be achieved by existing production techniques by inserting appropriately sized metal parts into a soft material such as stamping.
  • One advantage of this method is that the insert 22 is completely encapsulated in the polymeric material and is not exposed to liquids. This allows the use of low cost materials such as the use of iron without the risk of corrosion.
  • the effective buoyancy of the polymeric material and the insert together correspond to a specific gravity of 1.4 ⁇ 0.2.
  • a different set of inserts 22 can be selected, for example, hollow cylindrical inserts of different wall thicknesses, which can be mounted in the same outer body, thereby providing a modular manufacturing process in which a single polymer can come from a single Inserts of varying specific gravity are used together to meet the required effective buoyancy.
  • the hydrocarbon cracking process is generally unsuitable for the polymer material when the temperature exceeds 400 °C.
  • the cleaning object 30 for these applications is primarily made up of at least one elongated metal component 32, although the density of the metallic material is much greater than that of the petrochemical liquid, but is formed by the use of elongated thin components. Elements such as silk, ribbon or similar surface area to mass ratio are sufficiently high to ensure that the cleaning object 30 entrains the liquid.
  • the sum of the elongated metal elements 32 of each cleaning object 30 preferably does not exceed about five percent effective volume per cleaning object, and typically does not exceed 1-2 percentage points.
  • At least one of the elongated metal elements is at least one elongated metal ribbon.
  • Suitable "ribbons” contain spiral metal fines. These metal shavings, which are naturally occurring by-products in metal processing, are typically used at various low cost prices for various washing and household cleaning products, and can be easily interwoven (entangled) to form a tightly bound material of the desired approximate shape. As shown in Figure 6, the typical preferred shape is still close to a sphere. Additionally, similar effects can be obtained by using a structure commonly known as "pocket ball” in which a large number of wires or coils are joined or otherwise secured together at a central location and radiated outward.
  • Figure 7 illustrates another cleaning object 30, generally similar to Figure 6, but in which at least one elongated metal component is placed within an air ball of a given wall thickness, i.e., within the ball housing.
  • this illustrates another embodiment of a cleaning object 30 in which the cleaning object 30 is constructed of an elongated metal component, in which case the elastic preformed wire is placed primarily in the sphere. On the surface.
  • This embodiment is considered to be a "spherical" variant of a spherical or helical spring.
  • This solution is also a preferred combination of performance, high surface area to mass ratio, effective spherical shape and elasticity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于液体处理的在线热交换清洗系统，包括：（a）一种液体处理装置，包括具有给定内直径的多个热交换管的热交换器（106），所述液体处理装置被配置成为通过换热管从而产生流动的处理液体；（b）一种与所述液体处理装置相关联的清洗子系统，清洗子系统包括多个液载清洗物体（102），液载清洗物体（102）在与多个热交换管的内表面摩擦接触，从而清洗所述的多个热交换管。该系统可对换热设备进行在线清洗，其可应用的工艺液包括强酸、高温和比重高于或低于水的情况。

Description

一种用于液体处理的在线热交换清洗系统 技术领域
本发明涉及热交换器的工业生产过程，尤其涉及的处理系统及方法包括一种由工艺液携带的清洗物体的在线热交换清理系统，属于清洗技术领域。
背景技术
在以水或海水作为介质的热交换器领域已采用球清洗系统，该系统及设备的应用实例可见美国专利号5,388,636；5,450,895；5,447,193和6,913,071，本申请在此加以引用。一般而言，这些系统提供了大量的清洗物体，通常是海绵球，将其注入到热交换器的工作液上游并在该热交换器的下游收集。球的尺寸大小是以便它们适合通过热交换器的细管，随着它们的流动刮掉沉淀物和污垢，这可保证热交换效率，同时也避免了由于频繁清洗换热器所消耗的大量停机时间。
虽然这些技术很好地建立在用水和海水作为工作液的应用系统中，但是，根据本发明人了解，例如在发电站中，该项技术先前还未被应用于通过将清理液作为生产过程的一部分来清洗换热器。其结果是，由于换热器结垢和产生沉淀物，导致了热交换效率的下降和随之而来的能量损失。
把这种清洗系统作为部分制造过程的一个障碍是：可用密度范围受限。在大多数情况下，通常用于上述海绵球的材料可用密度只能提供一个很小的有限变化范围，特别是其会浮到比水密度更大的处理液的顶部。
实施这样一个清洗系统的另外一个障碍是，必须运行在化学和物理操作条件下，许多生产过程是在强酸性条件下实施的。例如，在磷酸厂中常用的多级蒸发器，其用于提高稀磷酸的浓度至52-55wt％的五氧化二磷。相对于硫酸钙，浓磷酸溶液是过饱和的，导致部分的硫酸钙在热交换器管壁上的液体沉积，由于这些垢的热导率是很低，有着较大的热阻。因此，热交换器的定期清洗是必需的，常常间隔不到两周。在现代的磷酸工厂中其主要成本是能源成本，换热效率的下降和由于清洁而停机的时间是生产过程中成本的关键因素。然而，工艺液的酸性条件和较高的比重不利于采用通常在发电厂使用的橡胶海绵球清洗系统。
另一组例子是石油化工产品的加工，如石化产品的裂解通常是在压力高达220个大气压和摄氏温度为500℃下发生的。这样高的温度是不能使用上述类型的聚合物球。
因此，液体处理系统需要包含在线清洗系统，由液体承载的清洗物体来清洗换热器的管子。其特别优势也在于可提供换热器清洗系统和相应的清洗物体，适合于不同的液体密度和操作条件，这也将有利于它们在各工业过程中应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明是提供的一种液体处理系统和方法，包括一个含液载清洗物体的在线换热器清洗系统。
根据本发明的创造，该系统包含从工艺液体中生产产品从而来处理过程液体的系统。(a)一种液体处理装置，包括具有给定内部直径的多个热交换管的热交换器，液体处理装置配置成通过热交换管来产生一种流动的工艺流体；(b)一种与液体处理装置相关联的清洗子系统，包含多个液载清洗物体摩擦接触多个热交换管的内表面，从而清洗多个热交换管。
本发明的另一个特征是，清洗子系统还包括用于将多个清洗物体注入换热器上游处理液中的清洗物体发射器。
本发明的另一个特征是，清洗子系统还包括用于从热交换器下游的处理液中收集多个清洗物体的收集器。
本发明的另一个特征是，清洗物体基本上是球形的。
本发明的另一个特征是，清洗物体主要由聚合物材料构成。
本发明的另一个特征是，聚合物材料在pH小于4的酸性条件下具有化学稳定性。
本发明的另一个特征是，所述的聚合物材料包括硅酮橡胶。
本发明的另一个特征是，该处理液具有大于1的比重，并且其中每个清洗物体都包含有密度大于聚合物的嵌入件。
本发明的另一个特征是，嵌入件是由金属材料所形成。
本发明的另一个特征是，在pH小于4的酸性条件下由耐腐蚀材料所形成嵌入件。
本发明的另一个特征是，嵌入件被密封在聚合物材料中。
本发明的另一个特征是，聚合物材料与嵌入件的有效浮力对应于比重为1.4±0.2。
本发明的另一个特征是，液体处理装置是酸生产过程的一部分。
本发明的另一个特征是，清洗物体主要至少由一个细长金属元件构成。
本发明的另一个特征是，一个细长的金属元件至少有一个细长的金属带。
本发明的另一个特征是，所述的至少一个细长金属元件是多个交织在一起的形成粘结物质的细长金属元件。
本发明的另一个特征是，所形成的至少一个细长金属元件主要位于一个给定壁厚的空心球内。
本发明的另一个特征是，所形成的至少一个细长金属元件主要位于球形的表面上。
本发明的另一个特征是，至少一个细长的金属元件占据不超过约百分之五的清洗物体的有效体积。
本发明的另一个特征是，液体处理装置是烃裂化过程的一部分。
本发明的另一个特征是，液体处理装置将会使液体产生超过400℃。
根据本发明的所述，用于液载清洗物体的流体比重大于1.1，清洗物体的组成包括：(a)由聚合物材料形成的清洗物体是具有一个大致球形的形状，并且有一个孔；(b)由比聚合物材料更致密的嵌入物形成的嵌入件，所形成的嵌入件被嵌入到孔中，从而将该清洗物体赋予了一个预先确定的有效密度。
本发明的另一个特征是，所形成的清洗物体至少具有一个保持弹性的构件，以保持所述的嵌入件在孔内的位置。
本发明的另一个特征是，嵌入件由金属或金属合金形成。
附图说明
参照附图通过示例说明本发明，其中：图1A、1B是适用于应用本发明的一个热交换器清洗系统示意图，分别说明了清洗系统的清洗物体的发射步骤和回收步骤。
根据本发明的创造和实施，图2是一个清洗物体的首选外部形式的等距视图。
根据本发明的创造和实施，图3A是一个清洁物体的次选外部形式的剖视图。
图3B是图3A清洗物体的侧视图。
图3C是图3A清洗物体的俯视图。
根据本发明的创造和实施，图4是第一个实施变密度清洗物体的剖视图
根据本发明的创造和实施，图5是第二个实施变密度清洗物体的剖视图
根据本发明的创造和实施，图6是一个实施清洗物体的示意图，其由交织在一起的细长金属元件所形成；
图7是类似于图6的示意图，其中用于实施的清洗物体是位于球壳内的金属元件；
根据本发明的创造和实施，图8是一个由细长的金属元件形成清洗物体的示意图，基本上位于一个球体的表面上。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及其附图进一步叙述本发明，发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。
本发明是一种液体处理系统和方法，包括一个用工艺液载的清洗物体进行在线换热器清洗系统。
根据附图及其描述可以更好地理解本发明系统的原理和操作方法。
概括地说，本发明提供了用于处理工艺液体以及从中生产产品的系统。该系统包括液体处理装置，其中具有给定内部直径的多个热交换管的换热器，并通过换热管而产生流动的过 程液体。液体处理装置的细节取决于本发明应用过程的性质，不构成本发明的一部分。本发明特别有利的一个生产工艺是制造、浓缩或使用高浓度的酸的过程。本发明特别有利的第二类生产工艺是，在高温下进行的化工过程，如裂解。在每一种情况下，其过程将体现一定程度的细节处理，它们与本发明的特征是直接相关，而其它众所周知技术领域的特征，本发明为了简明而省略。
本发明提供了具有清洗子系统的液体处理装置，包括多个液载清洗物体，其尺寸大小可穿过多个热交换管的内部，且与多个热交换管的内表面相互摩擦接触，从而清洗所述的多个热交换管。这样与上述的水或海水的实施方式相比，本发明的清洗物体会暂时被流体带走，然后从流动的液体中收集，其产品的制造来源于流动的过程液。
图1A和1B所示的是本发明的一种实例，本发明包括但不限于该实例。一般标识为100，用于注入和回收清洗物体102，经过主流通路104，包括热交换器106，清洗子系统优选包括用于向热交换器106的处理液下游注入清洗物体102的发射系统和用于从换热器下游的处理液中收集多个清洗物体的收集器108。
清洗物体发射系统包括清洗物体的存储室110，单向止回阀112a和112b，泵114和四个控制阀116a，116b，116c和116d。发射系统连接到主流通路104所在的四个位置，由字母A，B，C和D表示。在图1A的状态下，控制阀116b和116d打开以及116a和116c关闭，使泵114将液体从A送到B，从而将清洗物体从存储室110注入到主流通路104的B处，然后流经换热器106。一段时间后，清洗物体都穿过了换热器并在收集器108中收集，系统切换到如图1B的状态。在这种状态下，控制阀116a和116c打开以及116b和116d关闭。其结果是，泵114通过存储室110回收来自收集器108的C处的液体，从而累积清洗物体回到它们的储存位置，在那里它们被过滤网所阻止，从C处流回主流路径D。
如何实现本发明的发射器和收集器的广泛应用，其进一步技术细节由本发明的图纸和引用的上述专利文献可以显而易见。将根据预期应用的物理和化学的操作条件，适当的选择材料、尺寸和其它设计参数，这些内容对于具有本领域普通技术人员都了如指掌。为了简明的介绍，省略了图1A和1B的系统结构和操作的详细描述。
如上所述，本发明的显著特征是清洗物体，这里列举两类生产工艺：强酸生产工艺与高温石化加工。这两个过程如下分别实施。然而，这些例子中所描述的许多功能同样适用于其它应用，这也是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的。
实施例1:酸的生产过程
这类生产过程的主要特点是清洗物体10的设计既适应于化学环境的变化又适应于液体密度的改变。
这些应用的清洁物体主要是选择在酸性条件下化学稳定性好的聚合物材料所构成。首选的是硅橡胶，它基本上不受浓酸条件的影响，例如，pH值小于4，甚至更低。
基本上首选球形的外形。为了赋予所需结构的灵活性，清洗物体10的其它表面优选了具有肋或其它的柔性特征。图2中示出这种形式，径向突出的脊12是从球心向各个不同的方向延伸，内部是一个大致为球形的芯14，在使用过程中，脊12当作刮片擦拭热交换管的内表面。
清洗物体10的另一种外形如图3A-3C所示。在这种情况下，一般的球形外形是由清洗物体两个相对侧的同心圆柱形槽18构成，在它们之间形成峰16的同心图案。槽18的深度决定了中央核心20的厚度。槽18的宽度和数量以及相应尺寸的峰16确定了所得到的清洗物体的灵活性程度。
图4和图5所示的结构和相应的方法都是用来得到所需的浮力(有效比重)，目的是使清洗物体像上述过程一样能有效的形成特定流动，特别是在浓溶液或固体产品中，达到一个比重(相对水)在1.2-1.6的范围内。用于清洗机构的聚合物材料通常是比重小于或等于1，即比水密度小。因此，需要一定的步骤来确保清洗物体不会浮到处理液体的顶部从而达不到预定的功能。为此，每个清洗物体10都优选包含有大于聚合物密度的材料所形成的嵌入件22。通常情况下，嵌入件22是由金属材料形成的。
原理如图4所示，在这种情况下，清洗物体10是由嵌入件22置于孔24中形成的，孔24具有弹性，还含有带刺的突起26。如图所示带刺的突起26的清洗物体10起初形成孔24，然后装入嵌入件22，并通过突起26永久锁定在图4所示的位置。在一些情况下，提供了一个额外的通气孔28，以确保孔内的空气不阻碍嵌入件22的装入。另外，沿孔24一侧的一个小通道可以实现类似的功能。
应当指出，如图4所示的嵌入件22是暴露在系统的处理液中。其结果是，嵌入件22要选择在处理系统工作条件下的耐腐蚀材料，工作条件是pH值小于4，包括但不限于不锈钢。
图5说明了另一种方法，其中嵌入件22是密封在聚合物材料内作为一个完全封闭的内芯。这种结构可以通过现有的生产技术来实现，将适当大小的金属件插入到软材料的，如冲压成形。这种方法的一个优点是嵌入件22是完全封装在聚合物材料中，并没有暴露于液体。这就允许使用低成本的材料，如使用铁也可以没有腐蚀危险。
应该指出的是，图4和5的实现可以结合图2或图3A-3C的外形，或任何其它的外形，在这里仅以光滑的外表来示意。
通过适当选择嵌入清洗物体10的尺寸和材料，以及配置比该聚合物材料有效比重更大的材料。因此，在所述的应用中，聚合材料的有效浮力和嵌入件一起对应的比重为1.4±0.2。可选一组不同的嵌入物22，例如，不同壁厚的中空圆柱形嵌入物，可以安装在相同的外部主体内，从而提供了一个模块化的制造过程，一个单一的聚合物可以与来自一个范围不同比重的嵌入物一起使用，以满足所需的有效浮力。
实施例2:高温石化加工
如上所述的子进程以及在本实施的例子中，烃类裂解过程通常温度超过400℃时不适宜聚合物材料。相反，根据本发明的创造，对这些应用的清洗物体30主要是由至少一个细长金属元件32做成的，虽然金属材料的密度比石化液体大得多，但通过采用细长薄的元件形成诸如丝、薄带或制成类似的表面积与质量比足够高的元件，以确保该清洗物体30让液体拽力夹带。具体而言，每个清洗物体30的细长金属元件32的总和最好不超过每个清洗物体约百分之五的有效体积，而典型的是不超过1-2个百分点。
根据一个可实现的特别优选实施方式，至少有一个细长的金属元件是至少一个细长金属丝带。合适的“丝带”包含有螺旋金属细屑。这些金属屑，作为金属加工中自然产生的副产品，通常以低价格用于各种洗涤和家用清洗产品，并且可以容易地交织(缠结)以形成所需的近似形状的紧密结合物质。如图6所示，典型首选的外形还是接近一个球形。另外，类似的效果可以通过使用一个结构被俗称为“绒球”的来获得，其中大量的金属丝或线圈连接起来或在中心位置以其他方式固定在一起并向外辐射。
图7说明了另外一种清洗物体30，通常类似于图6，但在其中至少有一个细长的金属元件放置在一个给定壁厚的空球里面，即球壳里面。
最后谈及图8，这说明了另一种清洗物体30的实施方法，其中清洗物体30是由一个细长的金属元件构成的，在此情况下，弹性的预成型金属丝主要置于球体的表面上。此实施方案认为是一个球形或螺旋弹簧的“球形”变体。此方案是还保持着性能的优选组合，即高表面积与质量比，有效的球形外形和弹性。
以上描述是本发明的具体例子，许多其它的实例在本发明的范围内也是可用的。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种用于液体处理的在线热交换清洗系统，包括：(a)一种液体处理装置，包括具有给定内直径的多个热交换管的热交换器，所述液体处理装置被配置成为通过换热管从而产生流动的处理液体；(b)一种与所述液体处理装置相关联的清洗子系统，清洗子系统包括多个液载清洗物体，液载清洗物体在与多个热交换管的内表面摩擦接触，从而清洗所述的多个热交换管。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，在所述清洗子系统中包括用于向所述热交换器的处理液中注入多个清洗物体的发射器。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述清洗子系统还包括用于从所述换热器的处理液下游收集多个清洗物体的收集器。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，清洗物体基本上是球形的。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，清洗物体主要是由聚合物材料形成。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述的聚合物材料在酸性条件pH值小于4下化学性质稳定。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述的聚合物材料包括硅橡胶。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述处理液的比重大于1，每个所述清洗物体包含一个由密度大于聚合物密度的材料所形成的嵌入件。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的系统，其中，所述嵌入件是由金属材料形成的。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的系统，其中，所述的嵌入件是由一个在pH值小于4的酸性条件下耐腐蚀的材料所形成。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的系统，其中，所述的嵌入件被密封在所述聚合物材料中。
  12. 如权利要求8所述的系统，其中，所述聚合物材料的有效浮力与所述嵌入物相对应的比重为1.4±0.2。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的系统，其中，所述的液体处理装置为酸生产过程的一部分。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述的清洗物体主要是由至少一个细长的金属元件所组成。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述的至少一个细长金属元件至少是一个细长的金属带。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述的至少一个细长金属元件是多个交织形成的紧密物质。
  17. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述的至少一个细长金属元件，主要成型于一个给定壁厚的空心球中。
  18. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述的至少一个细长金属元件，主要成型于球形形状的表面上。
  19. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述的至少一个细长的金属元件占用每个清洗物体不超过约百分之五的有效体积。
  20. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述的液体处理装置是一种烃类裂解过程的一部分。
  21. 如权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述的液体处理装置生成的液体温度超过400℃。
  22. 一种用于在液体的流动中使用的清洗物体，具有大于1.1的比重，清洗物体组成包含：(a)本体是由聚合物材料形成的，本体具有一个大致球形的形状，并形成了一个孔；(b)形成的嵌入材料比所述的聚合物材料更致密，嵌入到所述的孔中，从而赋予所述的清洗物体预定的有效密度。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的清洗物体，其构成至少配置有一个保持弹性的功能，并保持所述的嵌入件在孔内的位置。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的清洗物体，其中，所述的嵌入件是由金属或金属合金形成的。
PCT/CN2016/112362 2015-12-29 2016-12-27 一种用于液体处理的在线热交换清洗系统 WO2017114385A1 (zh)

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