WO2017110298A1 - Système d'éolienne et parc éolien - Google Patents

Système d'éolienne et parc éolien Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017110298A1
WO2017110298A1 PCT/JP2016/083625 JP2016083625W WO2017110298A1 WO 2017110298 A1 WO2017110298 A1 WO 2017110298A1 JP 2016083625 W JP2016083625 W JP 2016083625W WO 2017110298 A1 WO2017110298 A1 WO 2017110298A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resistor
rotor
wind
windmill
tower
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/083625
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
向井　寛
Original Assignee
株式会社日立製作所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社日立製作所 filed Critical 株式会社日立製作所
Publication of WO2017110298A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017110298A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a windmill system or a wind farm.
  • Wind turbine systems have been put into practical use in recent years, and are becoming widespread all over the world as the fourth power generation means following thermal power, hydropower, and nuclear power.
  • a windmill system is a device that receives kinetic energy of airflow with a blade, converts it into rotational energy of a rotor, and further generates electrical energy by a generator. Since the power generation amount of the system increases in proportion to the third power of the wind speed, the power generation amount increases remarkably even if the wind speed reaching the blade is slightly increased. For this reason, some ideas have been proposed to increase the amount of power generation by actively guiding the airflow around the windmill to the blade.
  • the wind diverter disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a flow around the ground surface that does not contribute to conventional power generation by constructing a fixed height base that surrounds the windmill tower and forming a slope from the ground surface to the top of the base. The purpose of this is to increase the amount of power generation by speeding up the airflow that drives the blades by guiding them to the vicinity of the blades.
  • the wind diverter has a slope and a flat part to guide the airflow upstream of the windmill system to the vicinity of the blades, and further includes a guide vane to prevent a lateral deviation of the airflow.
  • the windmill described in Patent Document 2 includes a wind direction converter below the support column, and converts the wind blown toward the support column into an upward flow along the support column by a plurality of guide vanes extending radially from the tower at regular intervals. . It is described that a vertical axis wind turbine rotates a generator by receiving an upward flow. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to effectively suppress the generated power caused by a decrease in the wind force of the wind acting on the windmill as compared with the conventional technology that generates power only with the rotational power of the windmill.
  • the airflow is raised vertically from the lower side of the rotor, and no vertical airflow is induced with respect to the rotating surface of the rotor.
  • the second generator is provided between the wind direction changer and the blade, and it is difficult to contribute to an increase in the wind speed to the blade.
  • the blade and the wind direction changer are provided, it is difficult to contribute to an increase in the wind speed to the blade, and it is difficult to contribute to an improvement in power generation amount.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a windmill system or a wind farm that takes into account the improvement in the amount of power generation.
  • a windmill system is a horizontal axis type windmill system including a rotor that rotates by receiving wind, a nacelle that allows the rotor to rotate, and a tower, the windmill system comprising: A resistor that blocks wind from the outside of the system toward the rotor, the resistor being disposed at a position lower than the lower end of the rotor, and including a position farthest from the tower in the rotation plane of the rotor At least a portion is disposed between the axis and the tower.
  • Typical schematic configuration diagram showing a wind turbine system of a comparative example Typical schematic configuration diagram showing a wind turbine system of a comparative example
  • the block diagram (oblique projection figure) of the windmill system concerning 1st Example of this invention The block diagram which looked at the windmill system concerning 1st Example of this invention from the side.
  • Explanatory drawing expressing the flow of the air current around the wind turbine system according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • the block diagram which looked at the windmill system concerning 1st Example of this invention from right above Arrangement example of resistor 9 Flow analysis result showing the effect of the wind turbine system according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is an embodiment of the upwind wind turbine according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a specific structure of a windmill system having a truncated cone 21 below the tower 3 of the windmill.
  • the windmill system in FIG. 1 is a downwind type windmill system in which a rotor faces downwind.
  • the blade 1 is moved by receiving an air current, and a set of three blades constitutes a rotor.
  • the nacelle 2 to which the rotor is attached includes a speed increaser and a generator inside, and the kinetic energy of the blade 1 is finally converted into electric energy by the generator.
  • the tower 3 is installed on the ground, for example, and supports the load of the rotor and the nacelle 2.
  • the tower 3 supports the nacelle 3 in a rotatable manner in accordance with the wind direction, and can increase the efficiency of power generation.
  • the truncated cone 21 is located below the tower 3, and the slope 5 of the truncated cone 21 connects the flat portion 4 and the ground with a slope.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a windmill system provided with guide vanes 6 for guiding the wind to the tower 3 of the windmill system.
  • the guide vanes 6 are provided on the slope 5 of the truncated cone 21.
  • the guide blade 6 is for inducing an air flow.
  • the guide vanes 6 can prevent the lateral deviation of the airflow.
  • the natural wind 7 is changed by the guide vanes 6 and the truncated cone 21 into an air flow 8 that is guided upward.
  • the guide vanes 6 can be taken in and out of the truncated cone 21, and the upstream guide vanes 6 can be taken out according to the wind direction so that the air flow can be guided to the lower side of the rotor more efficiently than the truncated cone 21 shown in FIG.
  • the configuration of FIG. 2 is also limited to the induction of the airflow to the lower side of the rotor.
  • the windmill system in a present Example is a downwind type windmill system which a rotor faces leeward.
  • the windmill system shown in FIG. 3 is a horizontal axis windmill in which the rotor rotates approximately in a horizontal plane, and the blade 1 moves by receiving an airflow to form a rotor in a set of three.
  • the nacelle 2 includes a speed increaser and a generator, and has a function of finally converting the kinetic energy of the blade 1 into electric energy by the generator.
  • the tower 3 is installed on the ground, for example, and supports the load of the rotor and the nacelle 2.
  • the tower 3 supports the nacelle 2 in a rotatable manner in accordance with the wind direction, and can increase the efficiency of power generation.
  • the resistor 9 is a flat object made of a rigid body such as concrete or steel, and a plurality of pieces (six in this embodiment) are arranged in the vertical vertical direction so as to surround the tower 3. Has been. By arranging in the vertical vertical direction, the effect of blocking the wind can be expected from any direction in the horizontal plane.
  • FIG. 4 shows the height of the resistor 9.
  • the height of the resistor 9 is determined by the height of the tower 3 and the size of the rotating surface of the rotor.
  • the top of the resistor 9 is located below the lowest end of the rotor. It is desirable to be located.
  • it is desirable that at least a part of the resistor 9 is disposed at a position that is less than half the distance ⁇ D between the lower end of the rotor and the foundation that supports the wind turbine system.
  • Fig. 5 shows the movement of airflow around the windmill.
  • the natural wind 7 is assumed to be an airflow that goes from the left front toward the right back.
  • the wind 20 flowing near the ground flows over the resistor 9 while colliding with the resistor 9 and flows to the leeward side facing the rotor.
  • the windward side of the resistor 9 becomes positive pressure (high pressure region).
  • the leeward side of the resistor 9 has a negative pressure (low pressure region) compared to the leeward side of the resistor 9 due to the wind being blocked by the resistor 9.
  • a vortex 10 is generated on the downstream side of the wind 20, that is, on the back side of the resistor with respect to the wind direction.
  • the wind speed of the wind 20 passing through the vicinity of the vortex 10 is increased by the generated vortex 10. Therefore, the effect of increasing the flow velocity with respect to the rotating surface of the rotor is obtained.
  • the negative pressure (low pressure region) generated by the resistor 9 also induces airflow passing above the rotor rotation surface to the rotor rotation surface, which contributes to an improvement in the amount of power generation. This is different from that shown in the comparative example described above.
  • the resistor in the present embodiment is completely different from the guide member that changes the wind direction along its own shape. Further, no vertical axis wind turbine is provided between the resistor 9 and the rotor of the horizontal axis wind turbine, so that the increased wind speed directly hits the horizontal axis wind turbine.
  • the resistor 9 forms a low-pressure region on the rear side of the rotor rotation surface with respect to the wind direction in any wind direction, and the nacelle 2 corresponds to the wind direction with respect to the tower 3. Even when rotating, the presence of the resistor 9 makes it possible to guide the accelerated wind to the rotor.
  • the resistors 9 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the tower 3. Accordingly, even when the nacelle 2 rotates with respect to the tower 3 in accordance with the wind direction, it is possible to guide the wind speed from the wind direction evenly to the left and right with respect to the rotation surface of the rotor.
  • At least a part of the resistor is arranged between the vertical axis including the position farthest from the tower 3 and the tower 3 in the rotation plane of the rotor as shown in FIG.
  • a negative pressure region can be provided behind the rotating surface of the rotor, and the contribution of wind accelerated by the resistor 9 to the rotor can be increased.
  • the resistor 9 is provided so as to be shifted from the vertical plane including the rotation axis of the rotor, and the partial resistor 9 is positioned to be shifted from the vertical plane including the rotation axis of the rotor.
  • the wind speed can be supplemented to the tower shadow located behind the resistor 9 with respect to the wind direction, and the difference in wind speed between the tower shadow and a portion other than the tower shadow can be reduced. . Therefore, reliability and product life can be improved by reducing the fluctuating load on the rotor.
  • the resistor 9 is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the tower 3 as viewed from the upstream side. Specifically, when viewed from above the tower 3, the resistor 9 is rotationally symmetric with respect to the tower 3 as a center. Is arranged.
  • the resistor 9 since the blade 1 exists on the downstream side of the tower 3, if the low speed region on the downstream side of the tower 3 is large, unsteady fluid force acting on the blade 1 increases. However, large fluctuations occur.
  • the present embodiment is an example of the countermeasure, and the resistor 9 forms a vortex 10 on the downstream side, and a flow that circulates to the rear side of the tower due to an asymmetric effect.
  • the generation of the low speed region on the side can be mitigated.
  • the resistor 9 since the resistor 9 is arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the tower 3, no matter which direction the wind blows from any direction of 360 degrees in the horizontal plane, Since it functions to block the wind, it can compensate for the decrease in wind in the tower shadow.
  • FIG. 8 shows the results of evaluating the flow velocity around the wind turbine by numerical analysis.
  • the left figure in FIG. 8 shows the case without the resistor 9, and the right figure shows the case with the resistor 9.
  • the speed of natural wind is zero on the surface of the earth, and increases exponentially toward the sky.
  • a circle 22 represents the trajectory of the blade 1, the average flow velocity at the height of the nacelle 2 when the resistor 9 is not present is defined as V, and the velocity distribution at the rotor position is indicated by contour lines in the circle 22. .
  • the speed increases to 0.8V, 1.0V, and 1.2V.
  • the downstream side of the tower 3 there is a tower shadow whose speed is extremely reduced. Comparing the effect of the presence or absence of the resistor 9, the contour lines of 0.8 V, 1.0 V, and 1.2 V move vertically downward when the resistor 9 is present. This is caused by the overall increase in the wind speed at the rotor rotation surface.
  • FIG. 9 shows the rated output of the power generation amount at each wind speed between the present method in which the resistor 9 is installed and the conventional method in which the resistor 9 is not installed. When this method is adopted, an increase in output at a low wind speed can be confirmed as compared with the conventional method.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of the configuration of the resistor 9, which is an example in which the fluid resistance of the resistor 9 is made variable by a multi-blade structure.
  • the wing 12 has a horizontal axis (rod axis) for driving, and is a rectangular rigid body that is not deformed by wind force.
  • one resistor 9 is constituted by ten blades 12.
  • the column 13 is a structure that supports the load of the wing 12 and is fixed to the ground, for example, and supports the wing 12 in a movable state. Therefore, the support column 13 has a drive mechanism 14 for driving (rotating) the horizontal axis of the blade 12.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of the configuration of the resistor 9, which is an example in which the fluid resistance of the resistor 9 is made variable by a multi-blade structure.
  • the wing 12 has a horizontal axis (rod axis) for driving, and is a rectangular rigid body that is not deformed by wind force.
  • one resistor 9 is constituted by ten
  • FIG. 10 shows a state in which the blades are vertically aligned. In this case, the airflow is blocked by the blades 9, and the fluid resistance by the resistor 9 is maximized.
  • FIG. 11 shows a case where all the blades 12 are horizontally aligned by the drive mechanism 14. In this case, the airflow can freely pass between the blades, and the fluid resistance by the resistor 9 is minimized. That is, in this configuration, the fluid resistance can be freely adjusted by the drive mechanism 14. For example, there is a case where it is not desired to increase the flow velocity around the rotor during a storm such as a typhoon.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of the configuration of the resistor 9, in which the resistor 9 is formed by the canvas 15.
  • the canvas 15 is variable and also generates air resistance.
  • the hanging member 16 of the canvas 15 is, for example, a wire rope.
  • the canvas 15 is fixed in a state of being suspended at a plurality of locations by the suspension member 16.
  • the support column 17 that supports the suspension member 16 is fixed to the ground, for example.
  • the canvas 15 is also fixed to the support column 17 at one place or a plurality of places.
  • FIG. 13 shows a state in which the canvas 15 is spread. At this time, the fluid resistance of the resistor 9 is maximized.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of a state in which the sail is folded.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of application of the present invention to an offshore wind turbine.
  • a floating body 18 is moored on the sea floor or the coast and supports the wind turbine.
  • the resistor floating body 19 is anchored to the floating body 18 so as to surround the floating body 18 so as to maintain a distance from the floating body 18.
  • Any of the forms shown in the above embodiments can be applied to the resistor 9.
  • FIG. 15 shows another form of the resistor 9, which is an example in which the support 9 of the resistor floating body 19 is omitted for the purpose of reducing the manufacturing cost and the resistor 9 of the third embodiment is configured.
  • the sail has a shape close to a triangle, the effect of inducing wind accelerated on the rotating surface of the rotor as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
  • a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the present embodiment is characterized in that the resistor 9 is arranged in a state of being separated from the tower 3 by a certain distance (having a gap between the resistor 9 and the tower 3).
  • the flow velocity decreases, and is lowest particularly at the position of the tower 3 at the center of the resistor 9. If this low speed region is large, when constructing a wind farm in which a plurality of wind turbines are arranged, it is conceivable that the wind speed of the downstream wind turbine decreases due to the low speed region created by the upstream wind turbine and the power generation amount decreases.
  • the present embodiment is an example of the countermeasure, and a gap is provided between the resistor 9 and the tower 3. As a result, a high-speed flow field passing through the gap is formed, and the influence of the low-speed region can be mitigated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention vise à procurer un système d'éolienne et un parc éolien, lesquels tiennent comptent d'une amélioration de la vitesse du vent par rapport au rotor. À cet effet, l'invention porte sur un système d'éolienne du type à axe horizontal, lequel système comporte un rotor qui tourne quand il est traversé par le vent, une nacelle qui permet au rotor de tourner, et une tour (3), et lequel est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des corps de traînée (9) qui bloquent le vent se déplaçant à partir de l'extérieur du système d'éolienne vers le rotor, les éléments de traînée (9) étant disposés dans une position inférieure à l'extrémité inférieure du rotor, et au moins une partie des corps de traînée étant disposée entre la tour (3) et une ligne d'axe vertical qui comprend la position la plus éloignée de la tour (3) dans le plan de rotation du rotor.
PCT/JP2016/083625 2015-12-25 2016-11-14 Système d'éolienne et parc éolien WO2017110298A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2015252800A JP2019060237A (ja) 2015-12-25 2015-12-25 風車システムまたはウィンドファーム
JP2015-252800 2015-12-25

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WO2017110298A1 true WO2017110298A1 (fr) 2017-06-29

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6469303B1 (ja) * 2018-10-11 2019-02-13 株式会社グローバルエナジー 風力発電システム

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11391262B1 (en) 2021-08-26 2022-07-19 Aeromine Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for fluid flow based renewable energy generation
US11879435B1 (en) 2023-06-21 2024-01-23 Aeromine Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for cold-climate operation of a fluid-flow based energy generation system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003049761A (ja) * 2001-08-02 2003-02-21 Kanki Kenzo 支軸及び風力発電装置
JP2004100665A (ja) * 2002-09-13 2004-04-02 Toyota Motor Corp 車両用エンジン暖機装置
US20130094964A1 (en) * 2011-10-15 2013-04-18 John Andrew Nelsen Automatically adjusting wind energy paddlewheel
JP2014206110A (ja) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-30 株式会社日立製作所 風力発電設備

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003049761A (ja) * 2001-08-02 2003-02-21 Kanki Kenzo 支軸及び風力発電装置
JP2004100665A (ja) * 2002-09-13 2004-04-02 Toyota Motor Corp 車両用エンジン暖機装置
US20130094964A1 (en) * 2011-10-15 2013-04-18 John Andrew Nelsen Automatically adjusting wind energy paddlewheel
JP2014206110A (ja) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-30 株式会社日立製作所 風力発電設備

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6469303B1 (ja) * 2018-10-11 2019-02-13 株式会社グローバルエナジー 風力発電システム
WO2020075338A1 (fr) * 2018-10-11 2020-04-16 株式会社グローバルエナジー Système de production d'énergie éolienne
TWI697618B (zh) * 2018-10-11 2020-07-01 日商全球能源股份有限公司 風力發電系統

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