WO2017107662A1

WO2017107662A1 - Continuous metallurgical device and method

Info

Publication number: WO2017107662A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/103860
Authority: WO
Inventors: 邱江波; 夏明�; 黄小兵
Original assignee: 天津闪速炼铁技术有限公司
Priority date: 2015-12-25
Filing date: 2016-10-29
Publication date: 2017-06-29
Also published as: CN105420498A; CN105420498B

Abstract

A continuous metallurgical device and method. The continuous metallurgical device comprises a plurality of sequentially-connected metallurgical chambers (Tx). Every two adjacent metallurgical chambers (Tx) are separated by a vertically-disposed gate (Gx), and the gate (Gx) can move in a vertical direction, so that the adjacent metallurgical chambers (Tx) on two sides of the gate (Gx) are fully or partially separated. For each metallurgical chamber (Tx), the lower part of the metallurgical chamber (Tx) is a melting pool (Zx), at least one slag discharge opening (Rx) communicated with the outside is formed in the melting pool (Zx), and the upper part of the metallurgical chamber (Tx) is provided with at least one block material feeding opening (Kx) and a flue (Yx); and a material main inlet (FQR) provided with a falling space is further connected to the first metallurgical chamber (Tx), and a product outlet (OUT) is also connected to a last metallurgical chamber (Tx).

Description

Continuous metallurgical device and metallurgical method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a metallurgical device and a metallurgical method with a continuous structure, which can meet the requirements of pyrometallurgical smelting and refining of most metal minerals or secondary materials, and metal which needs to undergo multi-stage (secondary) smelting. Particularly effective.

Background technique

The traditional metal smelting process often requires more than two smelting processes. For example, the steelmaking process generally requires blast furnace smelting, pretreatment, blowing, and refining processes, and each process is relatively dispersed. In the current metallurgical process, after each process is completed, it is necessary to transport the raw materials to the next process by using a transporter such as a tanker or a crane. This traditional dispersive metallurgical process and transport process has the following disadvantages: (1) multiple transfer processes cause the heat of the transferred melt to be dissipated in vain, and the energy consumption is very large; (2) the transport process requires special transportation tools and Manpower and material resources, low production efficiency and high cost; (3) The transportation process will cause gas and dust pollution, which is not conducive to environmental protection and human health. (4) The transshipment process cannot completely prevent the occurrence of a safety accident.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a continuous metallurgical device and a metallurgical method for solving the problems in the prior art, which can break the relatively dispersed production process of the traditional metal smelting, realize the continuous production of metal smelting, has small land occupation, small investment, and can Low cost and low pollution.

The invention provides a continuous metallurgical device comprising a plurality of smelting chambers connected in series, and adjacent gate chambers are vertically arranged by a gate interval, the gates being movable in a vertical direction so as to be located on both sides thereof The adjacent smelting chambers are completely separated or partially separated; for each of the smelting chambers, the lower part is a molten pool, the molten pool is provided with at least one slag discharging port communicating with the outside, and the upper part is provided with at least one block material feeding port And a flue; the first smelting chamber is also connected with a material main inlet having a falling space, and the last smelting chamber is also connected with a product outlet. Among them, the number of the smelting chambers is preferably 3-5.

Further, any adjacent smelting chambers are connected in parallel or stepwise, preferably in a stepped connection. As a further preferred solution, in the step connection, the smelting chamber located in front of the adjacent smelting chamber The height position of the melt layer in the molten pool partially coincides with the height position of the slag layer in the molten pool located in the subsequent smelting chamber.

Further, each of the smelting chambers is independently provided with one or more of a auxiliary feeding port, a heating device, a bottom blowing nozzle, a side blowing nozzle, and a nozzle.

Wherein, the auxiliary feeding port may be located at the middle top end of the smelting chamber where the smelting chamber is located; the heating device may be an electromagnetic induction heating coil surrounding the side wall or the bottom of the smelting chamber where the smelting chamber is located or at the middle of the smelting chamber where the smelting chamber is located a heating electrode; the bottom blowing nozzle is a nozzle disposed at the bottom of the smelting chamber where the smelting nozzle is located, and the side blowing nozzle is a plurality of nozzles distributed in parallel along the molten pool of the smelting chamber where the smelting chamber is located, the bottom blowing The nozzle, the side blowing nozzle, and the nozzle are all capable of inputting materials or gases into the smelting chamber.

Wherein the molten pool is used for the melting of metallurgical materials. The gate can make the smelting chamber in a completely independent smelting process state when completely shut down according to the needs of smelting; or be in a semi-open state during the smelting process, and function as a partition wall in a part of the continuous smelting process; After the smelting of a certain process or smelting room is completed, the smelting raw materials directly enter the next smelting room or smelting process. The main inlet of the first smelting chamber material is mainly used for the addition of powder or liquid or gaseous materials such as powder and fuel, and the input material is generally the basic raw material for the reaction, and the main inlet of the material is generally located in the first smelting chamber. In front. The block material feeding port is mainly used for adding bulk materials, generally materials that are difficult to be crushed, or materials that need to be added in each process, and thus are set in each smelting room, generally located in each smelting room. The upper front side is close to the front gate. The flue is used for the discharge of exhaust gas in each smelting process, and is generally located at the upper rear end of each smelting chamber, near the position of the rear gate.

It should be noted that the “front”, “post”, “first”, “second” and the like described in the creation of the present invention are described in terms of the direction of smelting of the metallurgical apparatus during the smelting process.

The invention creates a continuous metallurgical device. A brief smelting process is: smelting of ore powder (if powdering) and fuel (powder, liquid, gas), gas (such as air, oxygen, pure oxygen or other gases), The flux, etc., is sprayed into the first smelting chamber from the main inlet of the material, and the high-temperature metallurgical environment passing through the falling space is characterized by small particle size, large specific surface area, large contact area with gas in the space at high temperature, and fast reaction speed. The material is first metallurgically; other materials that cannot be made into powder are added to the furnace from the bulk material feeding port of the first smelting chamber (the first feeding may be powder or block). After the material falls into the molten pool of the first smelting chamber, it continues to add the ingredients required for smelting at this stage through the bottom blowing nozzle, the side blowing nozzle, the nozzle, or the bulk material feeding port, for example: pulverized coal, oxygen, hot air , powder ore, flux, scrap metal, additives, blocks, etc.; The flue gas is discharged from the flue of the first smelting chamber, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port. Optionally, an electrode can be added to the top of the bath, or a ring furnace body or electromagnetic induction heating at the bottom of the furnace can be selected. In the smelting process, according to the smelting needs, the gate between the first smelting chamber and the second smelting chamber is closed or semi-opened (such as the slag layer or the melt layer of the first smelting chamber at the bottom end of the gate).

After the smelting is completed, the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port, half the gate between the first smelting chamber and the second smelting chamber is opened, the gate between the second smelting chamber and the third smelting chamber is closed, and the purity is improved by the first smelting. The latter melt flows into the second smelting chamber molten pool through the bottom of the gate, and the bottom blowing nozzle, the side blowing nozzle, the nozzle, or the block material feeding port of the second smelting chamber are added to the ingredients required for the smelting at this stage. The flue gas is discharged from the flue of the second smelting chamber, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port.

After the smelting is completed, the smelting is continued in the subsequent smelting chamber for smelting, and will not be described in detail here. In each smelting chamber, different raw materials or auxiliary materials are added through the bottom blowing nozzle, the side blowing nozzle, the nozzle, or the block material feeding port, which can provide different metallurgical environments, and the metal is purified step by step in a continuously closed container. Until the expected metal product is obtained.

A specific continuous metallurgical process created by the present invention includes the following steps:

S1: smelting of the first smelting chamber: closing the first smelting chamber gate, forming the first smelting chamber to form an independent metallurgical unit, and adding raw materials from the main inlet of the material having the falling space in the first smelting chamber, the raw materials are The first smelting room first undergoes space smelting, and then falls into the molten pool for smelting. In the smelting process, according to actual needs, it can pass through the block material feeding port, auxiliary feeding port, heating device, bottom blowing nozzle, and side blowing. One or more ways of nozzles and nozzles add the auxiliary materials, heat and atmosphere necessary for smelting in a time-division manner to form a good metallurgical environment. After the material is slag in the molten pool and clarified and layered, a slag layer and a metal-rich layer are formed. Melt layer. The smelting flue gas is discharged from the flue of the first smelting chamber, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharging port of the first smelting chamber.

S2: melt-emission of metal rich in the first smelting chamber: after the smelting of the raw material in the first smelting chamber is completed, the gate of the second smelting chamber is closed, and then the gate of the first smelting chamber is lifted to be terminated In the metal-rich melt layer, as many metal-rich melts as possible flow into the second smelting chamber while ensuring that the flue gas and slag in the first smelting chamber do not enter the second smelting chamber In order to achieve the above purpose, in the discharging process, the end of the first smelting chamber gate may be moved at a position rich in the metal melt layer. After the metal-rich melt is discharged, the first smelting chamber gate is closed.

S3: smelting in the second smelting chamber: entering the second smelting chamber in the metal-rich melt, and then closing the first A smelting chamber gate, at this time, the first smelting chamber gate, the second smelting chamber wall and the closed second smelting chamber gate form an independent metallurgical unit. According to the actual needs of smelting, through the block material feeding port and auxiliary feeding One or more of the mouth, heating device, bottom blowing nozzle, side blowing nozzle, and nozzle to add the necessary excipients, heat and atmosphere for the smelting to form a good metallurgical environment to remove the metal-rich melt. A part of the impurities, the slag formed by the refining is discharged from the slag discharge port of the second smelting chamber, and the smelting flue gas is discharged from the flue of the second smelting chamber.

S4: repeatedly using the melt discharge process of the same step S2 and the smelting step of the same step S3, the metal-rich melt is sequentially smelted in the subsequent smelting chamber until the smelting (or refining) is completed in the last smelting chamber.

S5: Emission of the product: The molten metal that has been smelted in the last smelting chamber is discharged from the outlet of the product.

The beneficial effects created by the invention are as follows: (1) The structure and feeding mode created by the invention can meet the requirements of pyrometallurgical smelting and refining of most metal minerals or secondary materials, and for metals that need to undergo multi-stage (secondary) smelting, It is particularly effective; (2) The discrete processes in the traditional metallurgical process are connected into a whole, and the self-flow can be carried out by the gravity of the melt in the continuous connection state, avoiding energy dissipation, inefficiency and environmental pollution caused by the transfer process. (3) can fully utilize the heat of the first metallurgy, the whole process of metallurgy is sealed, the unorganized emission of gas and dust is close to zero, and the expected finished metal products can be directly obtained.

DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, Tx-smelting chamber; Ax-slag layer; Bx-melt layer; Zx-melting pool; Kx-block material feeding port; Gx-gate; Rx-slag discharge port; Yx-flue; Fx-auxiliary Any one of a feeding port and a heating device; a Dx-bottom blowing nozzle; a Cx-side blowing nozzle; a FQR-material main inlet; an OUT-product outlet; wherein the subscript x=1, 2, ..., N , respectively, indicating the sequential positions of the sequentially connected smelting chambers, such as x=2, expressed as a second smelting chamber or a structure thereof, and in particular, for the description of the gate Gx, the xth smelting chamber and the A gate between x+1 smelting chambers.

detailed description

The invention will be further explained below by reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific embodiments described in the following examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1 continuous steelmaking

Iron fine powder, oxygen, pulverized coal, and flux are sprayed from the main inlet FQR into the smelting chamber T ₁ , and coke is added from the bulk material feeding port K ₁ , and the iron fine powder floats in a hot state with a large specific surface area. The space of the first smelting chamber of the continuous furnace for CO reduction gas, rapid heat transfer and mass transfer, completes the space smelting process of iron concentrate; after space smelting, the high-valent iron oxide in the iron concentrate is reduced to metallic iron and less Part of the low-cost iron oxide falls in the lower molten pool Z ₁ , and the molten pool Z _{1 is} distributed with a side blowing nozzle C ₁ , which is sprayed with oxygen and pulverized coal to form a high temperature and strong reducing environment in the area, which is the most difficult. The reduced ferrous oxide is completely reduced. In the above process, the gate G _{1 is} kept closed. After the slag iron is separated, the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port R ₁ and the flue gas enters the flue Y ₁ .

After this process is complete and ironmaking slag discharge, close the gate G _2, semi-open gate G _1, the molten iron via the gate G ₁ flows into the lower portion of the bath Z _2, the bulk material feed port was added to K ₂ desilication removal agent such as iron oxide After the silicon is sprayed, a desulfurization and dephosphorization agent such as soda powder is sprayed from the side blowing nozzle C ₂ to desulfurize and dephosphorize the molten iron. The flue gas enters the flue Y ₂ and the slag exits the furnace from the slag discharge port R ₂ .

After the detachment of the slag is completed, the gate G _{3 is} closed, the gate G _{2 is} half-opened, the molten iron flows into the molten pool Z ₃ from the lower portion of the gate G ₂ , and oxygen or iron concentrate is sprayed from the side blowing nozzle into the molten pool, and at the same time The material feeding port K _{3 is} successively added with slag-forming materials such as lime and dolomite. In order to increase the output, if necessary, the iron concentrate, iron oxide scale and the like may be added from the bulk material feeding port K ₃ while being blown. Or coolant. The main purpose of this blowing process is to decarbonize while continuing to remove sulfur and phosphorus from the molten iron. The flue gas enters the flue Y ₃ and the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port R ₃ .

After completion of the blowing and slag discharge is half open shutter G _3, G ₃ a lower portion of the molten steel flows through the bath shutter Z _4, D ₄ from the bottom-blowing lance for blowing the bath with stirring to argon, it is provided with a set of at F ₄ The graphite electrode heats the molten pool, and in the process, a slag forming agent such as lime and fluorite is added through the bulk material feeding port K ₄ . Through this refining process, the chemical composition of molten steel is adjusted, non-metallic inclusions are removed, and sulfide form processing is performed. The flue gas enters the flue Y ₄ , and the molten slag is discharged from the slag discharge port R ₄ , and the molten steel flows from the product outlet OUT into the tundish of the continuous casting workshop.

The above-mentioned continuous steelmaking process is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly and saves investment than the traditional dispersed "blast furnace-furnace pretreatment-converter blowing-LF refining" steel smelting process.

Example 2 Continuous Copper Smelting

After the copper concentrate is dried and crushed, the copper concentrate ore, quartz flux and oxygen-enriched air are sprayed from the material main inlet FQR into the furnace chamber of the first smelting chamber of the continuous furnace, and the sulphide concentrate particles are in the oxidative turbulent airflow. In the suspended state, the oxidation reaction occurs rapidly, and a large amount of heat is released. The particles suspended in the furnace cavity are melted, and then fall into the molten pool Z ₁ to continue the copper-making sulfur (copper copper) and slagging reaction. The middle gate G ₁ remains closed. After the copper sulphur and the slag are clarified and stratified, the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port R ₁ , and the SO ₂ -rich flue gas enters the flue Y ₁ .

After the copper and sulfur separation is completed and the slag is discharged, the gate G _{2 is} closed, the gate G _{1 is} half-opened, copper and sulfur enter the molten pool Z ₂ from the bottom of the gate G ₁ , and air having a certain pressure is sent from the side blowing nozzle C ₂ into the melting. In the pool Z ₂ , FeS is oxidized to FeO, and Cu ₂ S is oxidized and then reacted with Cu ₂ S to become blister copper. The blowing temperature can be maintained by the sulfide oxidation reaction, and the block is in the process. A slagging agent such as quartz added to the material feed port K ₂ . The blown slag is discharged from the slag discharge port R ₂ and the flue gas is blown into the flue Y2.

After the completion of the blowing process and the completion of the slag discharge, the gate G _{3 is} closed, the gate G _{2 is} half-opened, and the blister copper flows from the bottom of the gate G ₂ into the molten pool Z ₃ for oxidative refining, and the air is blown from the side blowing nozzle C ₃ while The bulk material feeding port K ₃ adds flux such as quartz sand, lime or soda to the furnace, and utilizes the characteristics that most impurities have higher affinity with oxygen than copper, and the impurity oxide has a small solubility in copper, so that sulfur, iron, lead, Impurities such as zinc, nickel, arsenic, antimony, tin and antimony are oxidized to form slag, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port R ₃ , and the flue gas enters the flue Y ₃ .

After the oxidizing refining is completed and the slag is completed, the gate G _{3 is} half-opened, and the blister copper flows from the bottom of the gate G ₃ into the molten pool Z ₄ for reduction refining, and the heavy oil is atomized by steam or air from the side blowing nozzle C ₄ into the copper liquid. In the middle, the charcoal powder or coke is added from the bulk material feeding port K ₄ to cover the copper liquid surface, and the reducing agent such as heavy oil is thermally cracked into components such as H ₂ , CO, C, etc., so that Cu ₂ O is reduced to Cu. The flue gas enters the flue Y ₄ , and the refined copper melt is discharged from the molten pool Z ₄ and can be electroplated or cast ingot.

The above continuous copper smelting process is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly and saves investment than the traditional dispersed "flash furnace-PS converter blowing-oxidizing refining-reduction refining" copper smelting process.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the creation of the present invention. All modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

A continuous metallurgical device comprising a plurality of smelting chambers connected in series, and adjacent gate chambers are vertically arranged by a gate interval, the gates being movable in a vertical direction, thereby realizing adjacent smelting chambers to be located on both sides thereof Performing a complete interval or a partial interval; for each of the smelting chambers, the lower portion is a molten pool, the molten pool is provided with at least one slag discharge port communicating with the outside, and the upper portion is provided with at least one block material feeding port and a flue; The main smelting chamber is also connected with a material main inlet having a falling space, and the last smelting chamber is also connected with a product outlet.
A continuous metallurgical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of said smelting chambers is preferably 3-5.
A continuous metallurgical apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein any adjacent said smelting chambers are connected in parallel or in a stepwise connection, preferably in a stepped connection.
A continuous metallurgical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said smelting chambers is independently provided with one of a auxiliary feeding port, a heating device, a bottom blowing nozzle, a side blowing nozzle, and a nozzle. Or a variety.
A continuous metallurgical apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said auxiliary feed port is located at a central top end of a smelting chamber in which it is located; said heating means may be located around a side wall or bottom of a smelting chamber in which it is located An electromagnetic induction heating coil or a heating electrode at a central portion of a smelting chamber in which it is located; the bottom blowing nozzle is a nozzle disposed at a bottom of a smelting chamber where the smelting nozzle is located, and the side blowing nozzle is a smelting chamber along which it is located The nozzles of the molten pool are distributed in parallel.
A continuous metallurgical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said block material feeding port is located at an upper front end of each smelting chamber, adjacent to a position of the front gate; said flue is located at a rear upper end of each smelting chamber, Close to the position of the rear gate.
A continuous metallurgy method, comprising the steps of:

S1: smelting of the first smelting chamber: closing the first smelting chamber gate, forming the first smelting chamber to form an independent metallurgical unit, and adding raw materials from the main inlet of the material having the falling space in the first smelting chamber, the raw materials are The first smelting room first undergoes space smelting, and then falls into the molten pool for smelting in the molten pool. During the smelting process, through the bulk material feeding port, the auxiliary feeding port, the heating device, the bottom blowing nozzle, the side blowing nozzle, and the nozzle One or more ways to add the auxiliary materials, heat and atmosphere necessary for smelting in a time-division manner to form a good metallurgical environment. After the material is slag in the molten pool and clarified and layered, a slag layer and a metal-rich melt layer are formed; Smoke from the said a smelting chamber flue is discharged, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharging port of the first smelting chamber;

S2: Melt discharge rich in metal in the first smelting chamber: after the smelting of the raw material in the first smelting chamber is completed, the gate of the second smelting chamber is closed, and then the gate of the first smelting chamber is lifted and moved multiple times The end of the first smelting chamber gate is at a position rich in a metal melt layer, and the end is placed in a metal-rich melt layer, allowing as much metal-rich melt as possible to flow into the second smelting chamber. At the same time, it is ensured that the flue gas and slag in the first smelting chamber do not enter the second smelting chamber, and after the metal-rich melt is discharged, the first smelting chamber gate is closed;

S3: second smelting room smelting: entering the second smelting chamber in the metal-rich melt, and then closing the first smelting chamber gate, at this time, the first smelting chamber gate, the second smelting chamber wall and the closed second The smelting chamber gate forms an independent metallurgical unit, which is necessary to add smelting time by means of one or more of the block material feeding port, the auxiliary feeding port, the heating device, the bottom blowing nozzle, the side blowing nozzle and the nozzle. Excipients, heat and atmosphere form a good metallurgical environment, remove some impurities in the metal-rich melt, and the slag formed by refining is discharged from the slag discharge port of the second smelting chamber, and the smelting flue gas is from the second smelting chamber Flue discharge;

S4: repeatedly using the melt discharge process of the same step S2 and the smelting step of the same step S3, so that the metal-rich melt is sequentially smelted in the subsequent smelting chamber until the smelting (or refining) is completed in the last smelting chamber;

S5: Emission of the product: The molten metal that has been smelted in the last smelting chamber is discharged from the outlet of the product.