CN108220518B

CN108220518B - Smelting method and device for high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite

Info

Publication number: CN108220518B
Application number: CN201810113766.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高师敏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-02-05
Filing date: 2018-02-05
Publication date: 2019-12-24
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-05
Also published as: CN108220518A

Abstract

A method and a device for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite belong to the field of ore smelting. The smelting method of the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite comprises the following steps: the material powder is preheated and heated to drop into a molten pool of a smelting furnace in a liquid drop shape, and the material powder is converged into a molten body consisting of liquid slag and molten iron in the molten pool. The molten mass continuously overflows through a retaining wall of the molten pool, flows on an inclined plane in a lamellar mode under the action of gravity, and sprays a titanium releasing agent into the molten mass through the inclined plane, so that titanium elements dissolved in molten iron are oxidized into titanium dioxide and enter liquid slag. The molten mass flows into a clarifying zone of the smelting furnace, and is static and layered. The slag extractor discharges liquid slag through a slag discharge port and flows into the chlorination furnace. And the molten iron is discharged from the iron discharging port, flows into a plurality of separating furnaces in sequence, and is added with different metal release agents respectively, so that various valuable metals are separated from the molten iron in a slag form. The smelting method and the smelting device provided by the invention can obtain a better separation effect.

Description

Smelting method and device for high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ore smelting, in particular to a method and a device for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite.

Background

Vanadium titano-magnetite is a polymetallic ore mainly containing iron, and contains metal elements such as manganese, copper, gallium, scandium, rare earth and platinum group in addition to iron, vanadium, titanium, chromium, cobalt and nickel. China is a country lacking chromium, and the extraction of metal chromium from high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite has strategic significance to China. The general outline of the smelting process of foreign vanadium titano-magnetite is as follows: south Africa and New Zealand adopt rotary kiln-electric furnace process, mainly recover iron and vanadium, the titanium slag of the electric furnace contains about 30% of titanium, and the slag can be used for paving or other purposes. Russia adopts a blast furnace-converter process. Only recovering iron and vanadium, and piling up the titaniferous blast furnace slag. Climbing steel and carrying steel in a blast furnace-converter process. Iron element in the ore is fully utilized; and blowing oxygen to obtain vanadium slag before molten iron steelmaking, and recycling the vanadium slag. Containing Titanium (TiO)₂The content is as follows: 20% -30%) of blast furnace slag. The technological process of recovering titanium from the Panzhihua steel-containing blast furnace slag includes selecting slag, making blocks, high temperature carbonizing in electric furnace, cooling, selecting slag, crushing, low temperature chlorinating in boiling chlorination furnace to obtain coarse titanium tetrachloride, refining and further processing. Procedure of Boett company. BLT-short-run one-step reduction processThe method comprises the steps of producing the metallized pellets and a two-step fusion reduction method of a BLT-electric coal fusion process, producing vanadium-containing molten iron, blowing oxygen to the molten iron by adopting a converter or a ladle to obtain vanadium slag, and piling the titanium-containing slag. The obtained titanium-containing slag is stockpiled by a rotary hearth furnace coal-based direct reduction-electric furnace deep reduction and melting separation process of the Tetrachuan python company. In addition, a domestic unit adopts a vanadium titano-magnetite smelting process route of coal gas-gas based shaft furnace reduction-electric furnace melting separation, and the obtained titanium-containing slag is piled up. And so on. The various smelting processes can only recover iron and partially recover vanadium and titanium. The rest metal elements can not be recycled. According to data introduction, the vanadium-titanium magnetite is smelted by adopting a blast furnace-converter process, and the recovery rates of iron, vanadium, chromium and titanium are respectively as follows: 70%, 42%, 12% and 18%.

The Chinese patent application with the application number of 201110236682.2 discloses a method for comprehensively utilizing vanadium titano-magnetite. The method is used for producing high-titanium slag and iron beads by agglomerating the vanadium titano-magnetite and performing high-temperature reduction and melting separation by using a rotary hearth furnace. The technical scheme comprises the steps of pelletizing vanadium titano-magnetite, high-temperature reduction in a rotary hearth furnace, and magnetic separation, wherein the high-temperature reduction in the rotary hearth furnace directly produces high-titanium slag and iron beads. The process flow for recovering titanium from the steel-containing blast furnace slag comprises the following steps: selecting slag, agglomerating, sending into an electric furnace for high-temperature carbonization to obtain carbide slag, cooling, selecting slag, crushing, screening, sending into a boiling chlorination furnace for low-temperature chlorination, and obtaining mixed gas containing titanium tetrachloride.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method and a device for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

in a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a smelting method of high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite.

The smelting method of the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite mainly comprises smelting by a smelting furnace and one or more optional separation furnaces.

The smelting method comprises the following steps: preheating the powder, heating the powder to be in a liquid drop shape so as to dispersedly fall into a molten pool of a smelting furnace, and converging the powder in the molten pool into a molten mass consisting of liquid slag and molten iron, wherein the molten iron mainly comprises metallic iron and a plurality of nonferrous metals dissolved in the molten iron; the liquid slag contains non-ferrous metal, and the material powder contains high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate powder, flux powder and coal powder;

the volume of the molten mass is increased continuously so as to continuously overflow the top surface of the retaining wall of the molten pool and flow in a layered manner along the inclined surface arranged on the smelting furnace under the action of gravity;

spraying a metal separating agent into the molten mass flowing in a layered manner through an inclined surface, so that the non-iron elements in the molten mass are reacted and enter the liquid slag;

in a clarification zone at the terminal of an inclined plane of the smelting furnace, a molten body is in a static state and is layered, the upper layer is liquid slag, the lower layer is molten iron, and the liquid slag is discharged from a slag extractor through a slag discharge port on the side wall of the smelting furnace; and the molten iron is discharged from a bottom tap hole of the right end wall of the smelting furnace.

In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a smelting device for high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite.

The device for smelting the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite comprises:

the smelting furnace, the left sidewall of the molten pool in the smelting furnace is a left end wall of the smelting furnace, the right sidewall of the molten pool is a retaining wall, the right side of the retaining wall is an inclined reaction zone, the right side of the reaction zone is a clarification zone, the right sidewall of the clarification zone is a right end wall of the smelting furnace, the molten pool is higher than the initial end and the terminal end of the inclined plane in the horizontal plane, the terminal end of the inclined plane is higher than the clarification zone, and the molten pool is constructed to contain a molten mass formed by preheating and heating material powder;

the retaining wall is configured to block and accumulate molten metal in the molten pool and to overflow the retaining wall when the molten metal reaches a predetermined height;

the slope reaction zone is configured to cause the molten mass flowing over the retaining wall to flow in a spread-out laminar pattern over the slope and to allow the molten mass to be sprayed with the metal releasing agent through the slope;

the fining zone is configured to receive the molten mass flowing in through the terminal end of the inclined surface such that the molten mass is quiescent and layered within the fining zone to form a layered state with molten iron on the bottom layer and liquid slag on the top layer.

Has the advantages that:

the smelting method of the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively separate various metals in the ore and can achieve higher recovery rate. The smelting method and the device also have the following characteristics: the separation method can realize the separation of five metals such as titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt and nickel from iron in sequence from the high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite; the separation process is carried out under the condition of high temperature; the ore smelting and separating process can be operated continuously; the ore smelting and separating process is carried out in a set of devices; the separation process is carried out in the molten iron flowing process; sixthly, enabling liquid slag, gas, residual molten iron and the like generated in the separation process to flow in a closed container or a pipeline; the process of smelting and separating the ores is computer controlled. Accordingly, the following effects are also provided: in the separation process, the chemical heat and the physical heat of molten iron are utilized, so that the energy consumption is low; in the separation operation, the molten iron flows in one set of device automatically, so that the energy consumption is low; the furnace gas, the liquid slag and the like generated in the separation process are all treated in the closed container, so that the pollution to the outside is less; fourthly, on the inclined planes in the smelting furnace and the separation furnace, the melt flows in a lamellar mode, the technology of multipoint bottom blowing or blowing of auxiliary agent powder is adopted, the conditions such as long reaction time and the like are adopted, and the metal separation efficiency is high; the separation process of the separation furnaces is carried out simultaneously and continuously, so that the production efficiency is high; sixthly, separating more valuable metals from the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite by adopting the process according to market requirements; recovery prediction for various metals: the recovery rate of iron is more than or equal to 80 percent; the recovery rate of titanium is about 80%; the recovery rate of vanadium is about 80%; the recovery rate of chromium is about 80%; the recovery rate of cobalt is about 80%; the recovery of nickel is about 80%. The invention has great advantages in the aspects of energy saving, operation cost, environmental protection and the like.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a smelting method of high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2-A is a schematic structural diagram of a first view angle of a smelting device for high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2-B is a schematic structural diagram of a second perspective view of the smelting apparatus for high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows the internal structural intention of the smelting furnace of the smelting device of the high chromium type vanadium titano-magnetite;

FIG. 3-A shows a cross-sectional view of the A-A face of the furnace of FIG. 3;

FIG. 3-B shows a cross-sectional structural view of the B-B face of the melting furnace of FIG. 3;

FIG. 3-C shows a cross-sectional structural view of the C-C face of the smelting furnace of FIG. 3;

FIG. 3-D shows a cross-sectional structural view of the D-D face of the melting furnace of FIG. 3;

FIG. 3-E shows a cross-sectional structural view of the E-E face of the melting furnace of FIG. 3;

FIG. 4-A shows a structural intention of a first view of a chlorination furnace in a high-chromium type vanadium titano-magnetite smelting plant;

FIG. 4-B shows a structural intention of a second view angle of a chlorination furnace in a high-chromium type vanadium titano-magnetite smelting plant;

FIG. 5 shows the structural intention of a first separation furnace in a high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite smelting plant;

FIG. 5-A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the A-A plane of the first separation furnace in the high-chromium type vanadium titano-magnetite smelting apparatus;

FIG. 5-B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the B-B plane of the first separation furnace in the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite smelting plant;

FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of the method for smelting iron-vanadium concentrate provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention;

fig. 7 shows a schematic flow chart of the method for smelting the sulfur-cobalt concentrate provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention.

Icon: 1-material powder; 2-a second stage cyclone preheater; 3-a first stage cyclone preheater; 4-tail gas; 5-smelting a furnace; 6-furnace gas extraction pipe; 7-high temperature cyclone dust collector; 8-furnace gas riser; 9-a powder bin; 10-a screw feeding mechanism; 11-rotating the conical disc; 12-a coal injection burner; 13-a first slag discharge port; 14-a first stirrer; 15-chlorination furnace; 16-a titanium tetrachloride-containing mixed gas; 17-chlorination residue; 18-a first tap hole valve; 19-a first separation furnace; 20-a first furnace gas extraction hole; 21-a second stirrer; 22-a second slag discharge port; 23-vanadium slag bin; 24-a second iron discharging water gap valve; 25-a second separation furnace; 26-a third slag discharge port; 27-a third stirrer; 28-chromium slag bin; 29-a second furnace gas extraction hole; 30-third row iron water gap valve; 31-a third separation furnace; 32-a fourth slag discharge port; 33-a fourth stirrer; 34-a cobalt slag bin; 35-a third furnace gas extraction hole; 36-fourth row iron water gap valve; 37-a fourth separation furnace; 38-a fifth slag discharge port; 39-a fifth stirrer; 40-a nickel slag bin; 41-a fourth furnace gas extraction hole; 42-fifth row iron water gap valve; 43-molten iron; 44-a molten pool iron slag discharge valve when the furnace is shut down; 45-titanium and silicon powder removing conveying pipeline; 46-nitrogen line; 47-soda powder conveying pipeline; 48-an oxygen line; 49-vanadium slag; 50-chromium slag; 51-cobalt slag; 52-nickel slag; 53-first separation furnace gas exhaust fan; 54-furnace gas dust remover; 55-furnace gas; 56-a furnace gas exhaust fan of the second separation furnace; 57-a furnace gas exhaust fan of the third separation furnace; 58-a fourth separation furnace gas exhaust fan; 59-chlorine gas; 100-conical furnace cap; 200-coal injection burner mounting holes; 300-furnace cover; 400-transverse dust blocking wall; 500-air extraction holes; 600-temperature measurement and pressure measurement meter mounting holes; 700-stirrer mounting holes; 900-iron notch valve body; 1000-furnace gas sampling hole; 1100-viewing port; 1200-a molten pool; 1300-a first air brick group; 1400-a bevel reaction zone; 1500-a second set of gas permeable bricks; 1600-clarification zone; 1700-third air brick group; 1800-furnace body hollow support wall; 1900-bath retaining wall iron slag discharge port valve; 2000-furnace body; 101-a smelting furnace body; 201-chlorination furnace body; 301-chloride extraction holes; 401-residue waste heat recovery bin; 501-air brick group; 601-connecting with a furnace body; 701-connecting a flange with the residue waste heat recovery bin; 801-chlorine gas conveying pipeline; 901-chlorine manifold; 1001-installation hole of temperature measuring instrument; 121-molten iron inlet; 221-a first separation furnace lid; 321-a first separation furnace extraction hole; 421-a mounting hole of a temperature measuring and pressure measuring meter of the first separation furnace; 521-a first separation furnace stirrer mounting hole; 621-slag discharge port; 721-iron outlet valve seat; 821-a viewer; 921-molten iron shunting wall; 1021-a first separation furnace body; 1121-first separation furnace first air brick group; 1221-molten iron mixing of the raised ribs; 1321 — a second air brick group of the first separation furnace; 1421 — first separation furnace oxygen first transfer line; 1521-oxygen manifold; 1621-a second oxygen delivery conduit of the first separation furnace; 1721-sodium carbonate powder delivery pipe.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

The inventor believes that under high temperature reduction conditions, most of the titanium in the high chromium type vanadium titanium magnetite ore enters the slag; most of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel and the like in the ore are dissolved in the molten iron. The smelting method provided by the invention can effectively separate various metals such as iron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel and the like in the high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite.

Actually, the inventors found that, in order to separate the various metals in the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite better and separately, the following problems mainly need to be solved:

the process is designed for effectively separating metals such as titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt and nickel in ores from molten iron in a form of molten slag. Designing a high-temperature chlorination process of titanium-containing slag; designing a device for realizing the separation process and the titanium-containing slag high-temperature chlorination process; the process is required to have high recovery rates for various metals; the manufacturing cost and the operating cost of the device are required to be lower.

More importantly, a process for effectively separating different metals from molten iron in the form of molten slag respectively is very necessary.

In view of the above problems, the inventors have attempted to solve the problems by the following aspects.

The method comprises the steps of adopting a new continuous melting reduction process technology of mineral powder and designing a new smelting furnace; and continuously producing liquid titanium slag and molten iron containing other various metals. The method adopts a high-temperature chlorination technology and a new chlorination furnace, chloridizes the liquid titanium slag, and continuously produces mixed gas containing titanium tetrachloride and chlorination residues containing trace metals such as rare earth and the like. Designing a new separation furnace, connecting a plurality of separation furnaces in series, allowing molten iron containing other various metals to flow through in sequence, and adopting measures such as adding different auxiliary agents or spraying oxygen by utilizing chemical heat and physical heat of the molten iron containing other various metals to enable each separation furnace to continuously produce liquid slag and molten iron of a certain metal. Fourthly, monitoring and regulating parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow velocity and liquid level in a full flow; detecting, maintaining and replacing the online running state; analyzing and testing the chemical composition of the material flow on site; the safety operation of each device is detected, controlled, adjusted, alarmed and the like; and a computer is adopted to perform centralized regulation and control on the whole production line so as to ensure the normal operation of the technology and the device.

The smelting method of the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite comprises the following steps.

S101, heating the powder to be in a liquid drop shape, enabling the powder to enter a molten pool of a smelting furnace in a dispersed mode, and converging the powder in the molten pool into a molten body formed by liquid slag and molten iron, wherein the molten iron mainly comprises metallic iron, the liquid slag mainly comprises non-ferrous metal, and the powder comprises high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate powder, flux powder and coal powder. The powder is preheated in advance. For example, the temperature of the material powder is 250-400 ℃ by heating high-temperature flue gas, and the water content is 0. Of course, heating may be by other means. The material powder is heated to be in a dispersed liquid drop form and falls into a molten pool in a spiral motion mode. The spiral movement of the droplets can be achieved in various ways, for example, by providing a spiral duct inside which the droplets are moved by the carrier gas; alternatively, the powder may be caused to move helically by rotational agitation of the propeller structure. The high-chromium type vanadium-titanium magnetite powder is a concentrate powder which is subjected to a mineral separation treatment such as flotation or the like so that the metal desired to be recovered therein has a high grade.

And S102, continuously overflowing from the molten pool retaining wall, and flowing along the inclined surface in a lamellar mode under the action of gravity. Preferably, the thickness of the melt is 1-10 cm.

S103, spraying a metal release agent into the molten mass through the inclined surface, so that non-iron elements in the molten iron are reacted and enter the liquid slag, and the molten mass flows through the terminal of the inclined surface and flows into a clarification zone; in the clarification zone, the molten mass is static and gradually layered into liquid slag on the upper layer and molten iron on the bottom layer. The liquid slag is discharged from the slag extractor through the slag discharge port, and the liquid slag is subjected to subsequent treatment to complete the first metal separation in the ore. In some examples, the layered liquid slag contains titanium. In order to recover titanium in the liquid slag, titanium dioxide in the slag can be changed into titanium tetrachloride gas through chlorination reaction, and the titanium tetrachloride gas is extracted and purified, so that the aim of recovering titanium is fulfilled. The titanium is recovered from the liquid slag by flowing the liquid slag in a lamellar form on the inclined surface of the chlorination furnace based on the gravity and spraying chlorine gas into the liquid slag through the inclined surface.

The molten iron discharged from the low tap hole of the right end wall of the smelting furnace is further separated from the metal by the following separation steps, which include: and making the molten iron flow into the separation furnace, making the molten iron flow in a lamellar manner along the inclined surface of the separation furnace under the action of gravity, and injecting a metal separation reagent into the molten iron through the inclined surface, so that the metal to be separated in the molten iron and the corresponding metal separation reagent react to generate a compound with lower density, and floating out of the surface of the molten iron to form new liquid slag. The above separation step may be performed one or more times, depending on the market requirements of the non-ferrous metals in the ore (valuable metals, metals of value for recovery-including the content of metals in the ore and their own value). When the kind of metal desired to be recovered is small in the high-chromium type vanadium titano-magnetite, it is possible to perform one separation of, for example, any one of four metals of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, and nickel. When the types of metals desired to be recovered in the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite are large, a plurality of separation steps may be performed, each of which separates one of the metals desired to be recovered, in such a manner that any two or more of the four metals of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, and nickel in the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite are successively separated.

In the whole smelting process, in order to ensure that the molten iron has considerable fluidity, the temperature of the molten iron is kept at 1350-1600 ℃, preferably 1350-1550 ℃, and more preferably 1400-1580 ℃. The temperature of the molten iron can be raised by spraying oxygen into the molten iron in the molten pool and the clarification zone and utilizing the heat released by the oxidation reaction of the oxygen and carbon in the molten iron.

Aiming at the smelting mode, the invention also provides a device for smelting the high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite.

The device comprises: the right side wall of a melting bath of the smelting furnace is a retaining wall, and the left side and the right side of the smelting furnace are divided into a left side melting bath, a right side inclined plane and a clarification zone by the retaining wall. The horizontal plane is taken as a reference plane, the molten pool is higher than the inclined plane, and the initial end and the terminal end of the inclined plane are higher than the clarification zone. Alternatively, the height of the bath relative to the horizontal decreases progressively from the ramp to the fining zone. The molten pool is configured to contain a melt. The dam is constructed to block and collect the melt and to overflow over the top surface of the dam when the melt reaches a predetermined height. The ramp is configured to cause the melt to flow in a laminar fashion over the ramp. The fining zone is configured to collect the molten mass flowing in from the terminal end of the ramp, and the molten mass is quiescent and stratified in the fining zone to form a stratified state with molten iron at the bottom and liquid slag at the top.

Further, a burner for heating the fine material may be provided at the top of the melting furnace corresponding to the molten bath. The burners may be arranged helically so that they form a helical flame when in operation.

In an alternative example of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a blanking bin. The lower feed bin is connected with the smelting furnace and is positioned at the top of the molten pool, and a rotating body which is constructed to enable the material powder to fall into the smelting furnace according to a spiral route is arranged in the lower feed bin. In one example, the rotating body comprises a first rotating part and a second rotating part which are matched with each other, the first rotating part comprises a hollow first cylinder and rotating blades arranged outside the cylinder, the second rotating part comprises a second cylinder and a rotating disk arranged at one end of the second cylinder, part of the second cylinder is rotatably and coaxially arranged inside the first cylinder, the rotating disk at the end of the second cylinder is positioned outside the first cylinder, and the projection of the rotating blades is arranged inside the rotating disk.

The smelting method provided by the invention is explained in detail below. In this example, the high-chromium type vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate powder is used as a raw material, and six metals such as iron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, and nickel are separated from the ore.

The high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate powder, the flux powder (limestone), the coal powder (the mixing amount of the coal powder is that the content ratio of the titanium dioxide in the coal powder/the mineral powder is 1.2-2.0 by mass ratio), the return powder and the like, and the particle size range is 0.030-0.074 mm (460-200 meshes). The materials are weighed, mixed (wherein the slagging alkalinity is 0.9-4.0) to form material powder, and the material powder is input into a powder feeding bin. The material powder is input into the secondary cyclone preheater group by a feeder, mixed with high-temperature furnace gas, dried and preheated, and then falls into a lower storage bin above the top of the smelting furnace. At this time, the temperature of the powder is 250-400 ℃. The water content of the material powder is zero. Under the action of the high-speed rotating conical disc of the spiral feeder, the powder in the bin is dispersed into particles and is scattered into the furnace. The temperature of the space in the furnace is 1400-1600 ℃.

Three layers of coal injection burners are arranged on the inner wall of the vertical conical furnace cap from top to bottom, flame sprayed from a plurality of angles is jetted to the material powder, so that the material powder particles fall in a spiral motion mode, the material powder particles are contacted with high-temperature flame in a suspension state, and the material powder particles are rapidly heated, reduced and melted into liquid drops to fall into a molten pool at the bottom of the furnace. Oxygen is sprayed into the air brick at the bottom of the molten pool furnace to maintain the temperature of molten iron in the molten pool within the range of 1400-1600 ℃. The liquid drops continue to carry out reactions such as reduction, slagging, desulfurization and the like in the molten pool.

The liquid slag and molten iron higher than the retaining wall of the molten pool overflow the top of the retaining wall and flow to the inclined plane in the middle of the furnace. The liquid slag and the molten iron (in a thin layer state, for example, the thickness of the thin layer is about 1-10 cm) flow on the inclined plane. In the flowing process, the titanium-removing and silicon-removing powder (the components are 85-95% of sinter and 5-15% of fluorite) is sprayed from the bottom of the furnace on the inclined surface, the carrier gas is nitrogen, the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.1-0.6 Mpa, and the purity is more than 99%. Oxidizing titanium and silicon dissolved in molten iron into titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide to enter slag (simultaneously, a small amount of vanadium, manganese and carbon in the molten iron are also removedThe vanadium trioxide, the manganese dioxide and the carbon monoxide are oxidized, the vanadium trioxide, the manganese dioxide and the carbon monoxide enter the slag, and the carbon monoxide enters the furnace gas. ). In a clarification zone with larger volume at the right end of the furnace, liquid slag and molten iron are gradually static and layered. Quaternary alkalinity of liquid slag: (CaO + MgO/SiO)₂+Al₂O₃) The alkalinity range of (A) is 0.9-4.0. When the liquid slag is higher than the lower edge of a slag discharging port on the side wall of the smelting furnace, the liquid slag is forcibly discharged by the stirrer and flows into the chlorination furnace. Furnace gas generated in the smelting furnace is extracted from an exhaust hole at the top of the right end of the furnace and enters a furnace gas dedusting, waste heat recovery (preheating material powder and the like) and purification treatment system. And (3) spraying chlorine (the pressure of the chlorine is 0.1-0.6 Mpa, the purity of the chlorine is more than 96%) into the liquid slag from the bottom of the inclined furnace in the process of flowing through the inclined surface of the chlorination furnace, so that titanium dioxide in the slag and other element oxides in the slag are chlorinated into various gaseous chlorides to form the mixed gas containing titanium tetrachloride. The mixed gas is extracted and purified to obtain titanium tetrachloride gas. The recovered chlorine is recycled after being treated; the chlorination residue (containing trace rare earth or platinum group elements and the like to be recovered) can be used as building materials after waste heat recovery.

On the other hand, molten iron flows out from an iron discharging port (adopting a valve to control the flow of the molten iron, the same applies below) at the lower part of the right end wall of the smelting furnace and enters a first separation furnace. During the process of flowing through the inclined surface of the first separation furnace, industrial-grade sodium carbonate powder is sprayed from the bottom of the inclined surface furnace. The carrier gas is oxygen. (oxygen pressure 0.1-0.6 Mpa, purity > 99%, the same below). Vanadium, sulfur, phosphorus and other elements in the molten iron and sodium carbonate are subjected to chemical reaction to generate sodium metavanadate, sodium sulfide, sodium phosphate and other substances, molten slag is formed to float out of the surface of the molten iron, and the molten slag is gradually accumulated in a clarification zone at the right end of the furnace to form a slag layer which is layered with the molten iron. Meanwhile, oxygen is sprayed from the bottom of the first separation furnace in a right end clarification area of the first separation furnace so as to keep the proper temperature of the molten iron. When the liquid slag is higher than the lower edge of a slag discharge port on the side wall of the separation furnace, the liquid slag is forcibly discharged by the stirrer and flows into a vanadium slag collector. The furnace gas generated in the furnace is extracted from the exhaust hole at the top of the furnace at the right end of the furnace for treatment.

The molten iron flows into the second separating furnace from an iron discharging port (the same as the upper part) at the lower part of the right end wall of the furnace. In the process of flowing through the inclined surface of the second separation furnace, oxygen is sprayed from the bottom of the inclined surface furnace, the temperature, the pressure and the spraying amount of the molten iron are controlled by utilizing the selective oxidation principle, chromium in the molten iron is mainly oxidized into chromium oxide (meanwhile, a small amount of iron is oxidized into ferrous oxide and enters slag) to float out of the surface of the molten iron, and a slag layer is gradually formed in a clarification zone of the furnace and is layered with the molten iron. When the liquid slag is higher than the lower edge of the slag discharging port on the side wall of the furnace, the liquid slag is forcibly discharged by the stirrer (the same as above) and falls into the chromium slag collector. The furnace gas generated in the furnace is extracted from the exhaust hole at the top of the furnace at the right end of the furnace for treatment.

The molten iron flows into the third separating furnace from an iron discharging port (the same as the upper part) at the lower part of the right end wall of the second separating furnace. Cobalt and nickel have a slightly stronger affinity for oxygen. Therefore, by still utilizing the selective oxidation principle, in the process of flowing through the inclined plane of the third separation furnace, oxygen is sprayed to oxidize cobalt in the molten iron into cobalt oxide (meanwhile, a small amount of nickel and iron are oxidized into nickel oxide and ferrous oxide and enter slag), and the cobalt oxide floats out of the surface of the molten iron, and a slag layer is gradually formed in a clarification zone of the furnace and is layered with the molten iron. When the liquid slag is higher than the lower edge of the slag discharging port on the side wall of the furnace, the liquid slag is forcibly discharged by the stirrer (the same as above) and falls into the cobalt slag collector. The furnace gas generated in the furnace is extracted from the exhaust hole at the top of the furnace at the right end of the furnace for treatment.

The molten iron flows into the fourth separating furnace from an iron discharging port (the same as the upper part) at the lower part of the right end wall of the third separating furnace. In the process of flowing through the inclined surface of the furnace, oxygen is sprayed from the bottom of the inclined surface furnace to oxidize nickel in the molten iron into nickel oxide (wherein a small amount of the molten iron is oxidized into ferrous oxide and enters slag), the nickel floats out of the surface of the molten iron, and a slag layer is gradually formed in a clarification zone of the furnace and is layered with the molten iron. When the liquid slag is higher than the lower edge of the slag discharging port on the side wall of the furnace, the liquid slag is forcibly discharged by the stirrer (the same as above) and falls into the nickel slag collector. The furnace gas generated in the furnace is extracted from the exhaust hole at the top of the furnace at the right end of the furnace for treatment. Molten iron flows out from an iron discharging port (as above) at the lower part of the right end wall of the furnace.

In this case, the molten iron further contains valuable metals such as manganese, copper, gallium, and scandium (separation may be continued as necessary). Meanwhile, the contents of elements such as sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, carbon and the like in the molten iron are lower, and the amount of molten iron is reduced. Can enter the steel-making process.

According to market needs, the slag generated by the smelting furnaces and the separating furnaces can be respectively treated, such as: extracting certain elementary metals from the slag or preparing their compounds.

In the smelting process, high-temperature furnace gas of the smelting furnace is extracted from an extraction hole at the top of a furnace at the right end of the furnace, and is input into a purification treatment system after high-temperature dust removal, waste heat recovery (containing preheated material powder and the like); treating the dust recovered from the furnace gas to be used as a return material, and then smelting in the furnace; the purified furnace gas (the main components are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and the like) is input into a gas chamber. The furnace gas system resistance of the smelting furnace is 1000 Pa-3000 Pa. The furnace gas extracted from each separation furnace is input into a gas cabinet after dust removal, waste heat recovery and purification treatment (the main components of the furnace gas comprise carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the like). The furnace gas system resistance of each separation furnace ranges from 1000pa to 3000 pa. Can be mixed with the purified furnace gas of a smelting furnace and can be used as low-calorific-value fuel gas.

In addition, the equipment and the pipeline in the smelting process are provided with detecting instruments for parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, flow velocity and the like, and have the functions of transmission, alarming, displaying and the like. The device and facilities for on-line observation, sampling, analysis, assay and the like are arranged. The operation of equipment such as a two-stage cyclone preheater group, a spiral feeder, a coal injection burner, a slag discharge stirrer, an iron discharge port valve (comprising a middle iron discharge port valve or a side iron discharge port valve of each furnace), a furnace gas (comprising a smelting furnace and a separation furnace) exhaust fan and the like is regulated and controlled by a computer; the conveying and spraying amount of oxygen, chlorine and nitrogen, the spraying amount of sodium carbonate powder, titanium removal powder and silicon removal powder and the like are regulated and controlled by a computer.

In addition, the following points are particularly described for the above flow:

(1) in the normal operation (which can be regulated and controlled by a computer), the material powder is continuously added, the coal injection burner continuously injects combustion flame, various slag and furnace gas are continuously discharged, molten iron after various metals are separated is continuously discharged, and the liquid levels in the smelting furnace and each separating furnace are kept in a certain range. At this time, the materials (solid, liquid and gas) in the process are in a dynamic equilibrium state.

The device adopted in the process is started, and the taphole valves at the lower parts of the right end walls of the smelting furnace and the separating furnaces are closed. The two side valves of the retaining wall of the bath of the smelting furnace are also closed. After the smelting furnace is started to operate for a period of time, when molten iron in the smelting furnace is gathered to a certain height (provided with a liquid level device), titanium-containing slag is discharged from a slag discharge port at the upper part of the side wall of the right end of the furnace. At this time, the tap hole valve at the lower part of the right end wall of the furnace can be opened slowly to let the molten iron flow into the first separation furnace. The opening degree of the tap hole valve should keep the titanium-containing slag in the furnace in a slag discharging state. After the operation is carried out for a period of time, the vanadium slag in the first separating furnace is discharged from a slag discharge port at the upper part of the side wall at the right end of the furnace, and at the moment, a tap hole valve at the lower part of the right end wall of the first separating furnace can be slowly opened to allow molten iron to flow into the second separating furnace. And so on. Because the content of metals such as vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel and the like in the molten iron is very small, the slagging amount is also very small. Therefore, the liquid slag layer in each separation furnace is accumulated for a long time and the amount of slag discharged per unit time from each separation furnace is small. In addition, after the start-up, the opening degree of valves on one side or two sides of a retaining wall of the molten pool can be regulated and controlled, and the proportion of liquid slag and molten iron overflowing the molten pool is regulated.

And thirdly, stopping adding the material powder according to the operation step when the process is stopped. Gradually weakening the combustion flame of the coal injection burner, keeping the temperature of a molten pool of the smelting furnace to be more than 1400 ℃, and ensuring that liquid slag and molten iron in the molten pool have good fluidity. After a few minutes, slowly opening one side (or two side valves) of the retaining wall of the molten pool to enable all slag and molten iron in the molten pool to flow into the clarification zone. When the liquid slag in the clarification zone is completely discharged (a small amount of liquid slag can be remained in the actual operation), the opening degree of a side iron notch valve of the right end wall of the furnace is slowly regulated, so that the molten iron flows into the first separation furnace while keeping the flow rate of the molten iron in the normal operation as much as possible. When the molten iron in the furnace completely flows out (in actual operation, a small amount of liquid slag and molten iron are remained at the bottom of the furnace). The coal injection burner, the furnace bottom oxygen pipeline valve, the furnace gas exhaust system equipment, the molten pool retaining wall, the right end wall side iron notch valve and the like can be closed. The shutdown procedure for each separation furnace is similar.

During operation, if a fault occurs in the smelting furnace or a certain separating furnace: if a certain component at the top of the slag discharging stirrer or the furnace breaks down, an online replacing method can be adopted, a new stirrer can be replaced, and the process only needs 1-5 minutes. However, the opening degree of the molten iron discharging valve, etc. may be adjusted if necessary. Such faults have less impact on operation. If a certain group of air bricks on the melting furnace molten pool or the inclined plane of the melting furnace (a certain separation furnace) and the bottom of the clarification zone are blocked, the flow can be continuously operated (can be detected by on-line detection). If the air bricks on the inclined hearth and the clarification zone of a certain separation furnace are all blocked, the blowing system of the separation furnace is closed. The separation operation of the furnace is stopped. In a certain time, the separation furnace is only used as a molten iron channel or a buffer tank. During this time, the opening degree of the iron gate valve of the following separation grate needs to be adjusted. If a plurality of groups of air bricks on the bottom of a smelting furnace molten pool, the bottom of a slope furnace or the bottom of a clarification area are all blocked, the furnace needs to be stopped for maintenance. And in the regular stopping and maintenance time, the air brick group is maintained and replaced. The group of air bricks is formed by arranging a plurality of air bricks. It is designed with special fixing frame and assembling and disassembling mechanism.

The slag has different compositions and slightly different melting temperatures, so that different liquid slag and molten iron have different flow velocities on the inclined plane with the same inclination. Therefore, the inclination of the inclined surface in the melting furnace is large, because the slag containing titanium dioxide (or containing a small amount of titanium carbide or titanium nitride) has high viscosity and poor fluidity. The inclination of the ramps of the individual separation furnaces may also be different, the inclination of the ramps of the individual furnaces having to be determined experimentally.

Sixthly, a method for keeping the continuous operation of the workflow: under the condition of keeping the adding amount of the material powder and the amount of the combustion coal powder sprayed into the furnace to be certain, after the operation is carried out for a period of time, when a titanium slag layer in the smelting furnace is higher than a slag discharge port and slag discharge begins, a valve of an iron discharge port at the lower part of a right end wall of the smelting furnace is opened, so that molten iron flows into a first separation furnace. The opening degree of a smelting furnace iron outlet valve is regulated and controlled, so that the titanium-containing slag in the smelting furnace is kept in a slag discharging state, and the amount of molten iron discharged by the smelting furnace (the flow of the discharged molten iron in unit time) is the maximum entering amount of the molten iron in the first separation furnace; after the operation is carried out for a period of time, when the vanadium slag layer in the first separating furnace is higher than the slag discharging port and slag discharging is started, the valve of the iron discharging port on the right end wall of the first separating furnace is opened, molten iron is discharged into the second separating furnace, and the opening degree is regulated and controlled, so that the vanadium slag in the furnace is kept in a slag discharging state. And by analogy, the nickel-containing slag layer in the fourth separating furnace is kept in a slag discharging state. At the moment, slag layers of the smelting furnace and the four separation furnaces are in a slag discharging state, and a tap hole at the lower part of the right end wall of the fourth separation furnace continuously discharges molten iron. At this time, the continuous operation of the present flow is realized. (computer-operable)

The amount of molten iron discharged from the smelting furnace is equal to the amount of molten iron discharged from the first separating furnace and the content of iron in the vanadium slag is equal to the amount of molten iron discharged from the second separating furnace and the amount of iron in the vanadium slag and the chromium slag is equal to the amount of molten iron discharged from the third separating furnace and the amount of iron in the vanadium slag, the chromium slag and the cobalt slag is equal to the amount of molten iron discharged from the fourth separating furnace (the amount of molten iron output) and the content of iron in the vanadium slag, the chromium slag, the cobalt slag and the nickel slag.

The following equations may be listed: in terms of unit time. The discharge amount of molten iron from the Q0 smelting furnace (100) is equal to the discharge amount of molten iron from the Q1 first separation furnace (95%) + the content of iron in the vanadium slag (5%); q1 ═ Q2 molten iron discharge amount of the second separation furnace (90%) + iron content in the chromium slag (5%); q2 ═ Q3 third separation furnace molten iron discharge amount (85%) + iron content in cobalt slag (5%); q3 ═ Q4 fourth separation furnace molten iron discharge amount (80%) + iron content in nickel slag (5%); the molten iron discharge amount (80%) of the Q4 fourth separating furnace is the molten iron yield of the process. In consideration of iron loss in the titanium slag, the output of the molten iron in unit time of the process is the iron amount added into the furnace in unit time-the content of iron in the titanium slag, the vanadium slag, the chromium slag, the cobalt slag and the nickel slag in unit time.

Buffer tank arrangement

If the four separation furnaces and the chlorination furnace simultaneously break down, the device cannot be used. The system should be shut down for maintenance. However, during the shutdown process, the molten iron (containing various nonferrous metals) smelted by the smelting furnace needs to be discharged into a buffer tank for storage, or the molten iron is poured into a material through the buffer tank. The discharged titanium-containing slag can flow into a melt granulation device arranged additionally to be made into fine granular slag particles, and then the fine granular slag particles are ground and stored. Can be used as a return material.

And a measure for analyzing the possibility of forming foamed slag in a smelting furnace and preventing the formation of foamed slag

Under the condition of smelting vanadium-titanium magnetite in a blast furnace, because the reduction time of ores is long, liquid slag is generated under the extrusion of material columns, titanium dioxide particles in the slag are in contact with coke particles for a long time, and the like, more high-melting-point particles such as titanium carbide, titanium nitride and the like are easily generated, so that the air permeability of a slag layer is poor, gas cannot be discharged, foam is generated, and the high-melting-point particles play a role in stabilizing the foam, so that the operation of the blast furnace is blocked, and the iron loss is more during slag discharge.

Under the smelting conditions of the smelting furnace, the smelting conditions of the blast furnace do not exist; the reduction time of the mineral powder in the furnace is short (about 3-10 minutes); a space is arranged above the liquid slag layer and is under negative pressure; since the liquid slag is in a fluidized state, etc., high-melting-point particles such as titanium carbide and titanium nitride are not easily formed (even if they are formed, the amount thereof is small) in the slag layer, and therefore, foamed slag is not easily formed.

Preventive measures; firstly, adopting high-alkalinity slag (the alkalinity range is 1.1-4.0), and secondly, controlling the temperature of a slag layer in a smelting furnace to be 1400-1600 ℃; thirdly, forcibly discharging slag by adopting a stirrer and the like.

In this embodiment, the whole smelting system may include the following main apparatuses and the number thereof:

firstly, smelting a furnace 1; the chlorination furnace comprises a base 1; 4, a separating furnace; four, 12 iron notch valves (side valves) (2 side valves including a molten pool retaining wall) are arranged; (if a middle valve is used, 5)

Fifthly, sleeving a spiral feeder 1;

it should be understood that the coal injection burner, the cyclone preheater, the stirrer, the cyclone dust collector, the exhaust fan and other equipment adopted in the process are all the existing general equipment products; refractory products such as air bricks, powder spraying air bricks, refractory bricks, heat insulation materials and the like are all current products; the adopted gas conveying, regulating valves, pipelines, pipe fittings and the like are all current products; the adopted technical parameter detection instruments and meters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, liquid level and the like, and the equipment such as an online sampling, analyzing and testing system, a full-flow computer centralized regulation and control system and the like are all current products.

The polarity of the smelting method and the device provided by the invention is explained by combining the attached drawings. The smelting method provided by the invention is shown in figure 1, and the device is shown in figures 2-A and 2-B.

The flow is described in conjunction with fig. 1 and fig. 2-a, 2-B:

the material powder 1 enters an ascending pipeline of the second-stage cyclone preheater 2, is mixed with the ascending high-temperature furnace gas, is dried and preheated, and enters a cyclone cylinder of the first-stage cyclone preheater 3 along with the airflow to rotate, and particles of the material powder collide with the wall to stall due to the action of centrifugal force and fall into a cone. The tail gas 4 is pumped out from the central pipe by an exhaust fan and enters a furnace gas purification system. High-temperature furnace gas extracted from a smelting furnace 5 flows into a high-temperature cyclone dust collector 7 through a furnace gas extraction pipe 6, after dust removal, the furnace gas flows upwards into a pipeline (a furnace gas ascending pipe 8) to meet with material powder falling downwards from a conical cylinder of a first-stage preheater, the material powder is mixed with the furnace gas, heated and warmed, and is brought into a cyclone cylinder of a second-stage preheater by the furnace gas to rotate, material powder particles collide with the wall and are stalled, fall into the conical cylinder and fall into a lower material bin (a material powder bin 9), and the material powder is dispersed into a single particle form and is scattered into the smelting furnace under the combined action of a spiral feeding mechanism 10 and a rotating conical disc 11. The flame sprayed from several angles by several coal-spraying burners 12 on the inner wall of the conical furnace is projected to the material powder to make the material powder particles fall down in a spiral motion mode, and the material powder particles contact with the high-temperature flame in a suspension state, and are quickly heated, reduced and melted into liquid drops which fall into a molten pool at the bottom of the furnace. Oxygen is sprayed into the furnace bottom air brick below the molten pool to maintain the temperature of molten iron in the molten pool within the range of 1400-1600 ℃. The liquid drops continue to carry out reactions such as reduction, slagging, desulfurization and the like in the molten pool. The liquid slag and molten iron higher than the right retaining wall of the molten pool overflow from the top surface and flow to the inclined surface in the middle of the furnace. In the process of flowing the liquid slag and molten iron (in a thin layer state, the thickness of the thin layer is 1-10cm, or 1-8 cm and the like), titanium and silicon removal powder (the main component is ferric oxide) is sprayed from the bottom of the inclined furnace, and nitrogen is used as carrier gas. (the nitrogen pressure is 0.1-0.6 Mpa, the nitrogen purity is 99.99%), titanium and silicon dissolved in molten iron are oxidized into titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide to enter slag. In the right end clarification zone of the furnace, liquid slag and molten iron are layered. The slag layer is gathered on the molten iron. The liquid slag is forcibly discharged from a first slag discharge port 13 at the upper part of the side wall of the furnace by a first stirrer 14, and flows into a chlorination furnace 15. And (2) spraying chlorine 59 (the pressure of the chlorine is 0.1-0.6 Mpa, the purity of the chlorine is more than 96%) into the inclined bottom of the chlorination furnace, so that the titanium dioxide in the slag and other element oxides in the slag are chlorinated into various gaseous chlorides to form mixed gas 16 containing titanium tetrachloride, and after the mixed gas is extracted, the mixed gas is purified to obtain titanium tetrachloride gas. The recovered chlorine is recycled after treatment. The chlorination residue 17 (containing trace rare earth or platinum group elements) can be used as building material after waste heat recovery treatment. The molten iron is discharged from a side tap hole valve (first tap hole valve 18) at the bottom of the right end wall of the furnace. Flows into the first separation furnace 19. In the process of flowing through the inclined surface of the first separation furnace, industrial-grade sodium carbonate powder (carrier gas is oxygen, the oxygen pressure is 0.1-0.6 Mpa, the oxygen purity is 98 percent), vanadium, sulfur, phosphorus and other elements in the molten iron and sodium carbonate are subjected to chemical reaction, and the products are sodium metavanadate, sodium sulfide, sodium phosphate and other substances, so that molten slag is formed to float on the surface of the molten iron and gradually accumulate to form a slag layer. And in a right-end clarification zone of the furnace, oxygen is sprayed from the bottom of the furnace, so that the temperature of the molten iron is properly increased. The generated furnace gas is extracted from the first furnace gas extraction hole 20 and is input into a furnace gas dust remover 54 for primary dust removal through a first separation furnace gas exhaust fan 53. When the slag layer is higher than the slag discharging port (second slag discharging port 22) on the side wall of the furnace, the slag layer is discharged by the second stirrer 21 and flows into a vanadium slag collector (vanadium slag bin 23), and the obtained vanadium slag 49 is used for extracting metal vanadium. The molten iron flows into the second separation furnace 25 from a side tap hole valve (second tap hole valve 24) at the bottom of the right end wall of the furnace. In the process of flowing through the inclined surface of the furnace, oxygen is sprayed from the bottom of the inclined surface furnace, the temperature, the pressure and the spraying amount of the molten iron are controlled by utilizing the selective oxidation principle, chromium in the molten iron is mainly oxidized into chromium oxide (wherein a small amount of iron is oxidized into ferrous oxide and enters slag) to form chromium slag, the chromium slag is discharged from a slag discharge port (a third slag discharge port 26) at the upper part of the side wall at the right end of the furnace and falls into a chromium slag collector (a chromium slag bin 28), and the chromium slag 50 is obtained. The generated furnace gas is extracted from the second furnace gas extraction hole 29 and is fed into a gas storage tank (furnace gas dust collector 54) through a second separation furnace gas exhaust fan 56. The molten iron flows into the third separation furnace 31 from a side tap hole valve (third tap hole valve 30) at the lower part of the right end wall of the furnace. Cobalt and nickel, both of which have a slightly stronger affinity for oxygen than nickel. Therefore, the selective oxidation principle is still utilized, and in the process of flowing through the inclined surface of the furnace, oxygen is sprayed from the bottom of the inclined surface furnace to oxidize the cobalt in the molten iron into cobalt oxide (meanwhile, a small amount of iron in the molten iron is converted into ferrous oxide and enters the slag), so that cobalt slag is formed. And the slag is discharged from a slag discharge port (a fourth slag discharge port 32) at the upper part of the side wall at the right end of the furnace by a fourth stirrer 33 and falls into a cobalt slag collector (a cobalt slag bin 34) to obtain cobalt slag 51. The generated furnace gas is extracted from the third furnace gas extraction hole 35 and is input into a gas storage tank (furnace gas dust collector 54) through a third separation furnace gas exhaust fan 57. The molten iron flows into the fourth separating furnace 37 from a side tap hole valve (fourth tap hole valve 36) at the bottom of the right end wall of the furnace. In the process of flowing through the inclined surface of the furnace, oxygen is sprayed from the bottom of the inclined surface furnace to oxidize nickel in the molten iron into nickel oxide (meanwhile, a small amount of iron in the molten iron is oxidized into ferrous oxide and enters slag) to form nickel slag, and the nickel slag is discharged from a slag discharge port (a fifth slag discharge port 38) at the upper part of the side wall at the right end of the furnace and falls into a nickel slag collector (a nickel slag bin 40) by a fifth stirrer 39 to obtain nickel slag 52. The generated furnace gas is extracted from the fourth furnace gas extraction hole 41 and is input into a gas storage tank (furnace gas dust collector 54) through a fourth separation furnace gas exhaust fan 58. The molten iron flows out from a side tap hole valve (a fifth tap hole valve 42) at the bottom of the right end wall of the furnace. The molten iron 43 at this time also contains valuable metals such as manganese, copper, gallium, scandium, and the like. Meanwhile, the contents of elements such as sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, carbon and the like in the molten iron are lower, and the amount of molten iron is reduced. Can enter the steel-making process. The furnace gas 55 discharged from the top of the gas tank is fed to a furnace gas purification system. The dust collected by each dust remover in the process can be used as a return material after being processed and added into the furnace charge powder. When the furnace is stopped, the molten iron valves at the two sides of the retaining wall of the molten pool of the smelting furnace and the molten pool iron slag discharge valve 44 when the furnace is stopped need to be opened so as to ensure that the molten iron and the slag in the molten pool can flow out completely; the smelting furnace is sprayed into a titanium and silicon powder removing and conveying pipeline 45; a blowing gas pipe (nitrogen gas pipe 46); a soda powder conveying pipe 47; an oxygen line 48. In the device, the smelting furnace 5 is connected with the first separating furnace 19 through a first connecting flange, and two adjacent separating furnaces are connected through a second connecting flange.

The smelting method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for separating and recovering metals in the high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite and can also be used for smelting other ores so as to separate and recover the metals. The method includes the following steps of (1) ordinary iron ore. The process flow is as follows: mineral powder → burden → preheating → feeding → melting and reducing of a smelting furnace, desulfurization, desilicication and dephosphorization → molten iron and slag. ② rare earth iron ore. The process flow comprises the following steps: mineral powder → batching → preheating → feeding → melting and reducing in a smelting furnace; slag → ferrosilicon powder → molten iron + rare earth ferrosilicon. ③ pyrite. The process flow comprises the following steps: ore → oxidizing roasting → sulfur dioxide → sulfuric acid preparation; roasting slag → grinding → batching → preheating → feeding → melting of the smelting furnace, reduction, desulfurization, desilicication, dephosphorization → molten iron + slag. Fourthly, the iron-containing copper ore. The process flow comprises the following steps: ore → oxidizing roasting → sulfur dioxide → sulfuric acid preparation; roasting slag → grinding → batching → preheating → feeding → melting and reducing of a smelting furnace, desulfurization, desilicication and dephosphorization → molten iron + slag + molten copper. The copper water flows into a separation furnace (vacuumized) for refining → anode copper; molten iron, slag → clarification → molten iron + slag.

Fifth, steel making. The process flow 1: iron ore powder → batching → preheating → feeding → melting furnace melting, reducing, desilicication → molten iron + slag; molten iron → the first separation furnace sprays sodium carbonate powder, desulphurization, dephosphorization → the second separation furnace blows oxygen for steelmaking → the third separation furnace refines (vacuumization, oxygen blowing for decarburization and argon blowing for stirring) → the fourth separation furnace alloying (alloy powder spraying) → molten alloy steel. The process flow 2: obtaining molten iron by blast furnace smelting → injecting sodium carbonate powder and desiliconized powder into the first separation furnace → desulfurizing, desiliconizing and dephosphorizing → blowing oxygen into the second separation furnace for steelmaking → refining in the third separation furnace (vacuumizing and the like) → alloying in the fourth separation furnace → molten alloy steel. Sixthly, the invention is matched with an oversize blast furnace (continuously discharging molten iron). The process flow comprises the following steps: molten iron → intermediate tank → first separation furnace for desulfurization, desilicication and dephosphorization → second separation furnace for oxygen-blown steel making → third separation furnace (vacuum pumping, etc.) for refining → fourth separation furnace for alloying → molten alloy steel. Seventhly, the invention is matched with large-scale casting enterprises for steel making. The process flow 1: mineral powder → burden → preheating → feeding → melting and reducing of a smelting furnace, desulfurization, desilicication, dephosphorization → molten iron → oxygen blowing and steel making of a first separation furnace → refining of a second separation furnace (vacuum pumping and the like) → alloying of a third separation furnace → molten alloy steel. The process flow 2: utilizing an original cupola to prepare molten iron → a middle groove → a first separation furnace to desulfurize, desiliconize and dephosphorize → a second separation furnace to blow oxygen to steelmaking → a third separation furnace (vacuum pumping and the like) to refine → a fourth separation furnace to alloy → molten alloy steel.

The description of the individual components of the smelting plant is as follows:

the structure of the melting furnace is described with reference to fig. 3, and fig. 3-a, 3-B, 3-C, 3-D, and 3-E, wherein the structure of each reference numeral is described as follows: a conical furnace cap 100; coal injection burner mounting holes 200; a furnace cover 300; a transverse dust barrier wall 400; a suction hole 500; a temperature and pressure measuring meter mounting hole 600; a stirrer mounting hole 700; the taphole valve body 900; a furnace gas sampling hole 1000; a viewing aperture 1100; a molten pool 1200; a first air brick group 1300; a bevel reaction zone 1400; a second air brick group 1500; a clarification zone 1600; a third set of air brick 1700; a furnace body hollow support wall 1800; a molten pool retaining wall iron slag discharge port valve 1900; a furnace body 2000; a smelting furnace body 101; a chlorination furnace body 201; a chloride extraction hole 301; a residue waste heat recovery bin 401; air brick group 501.

The structure of the chlorination furnace is shown in fig. 4-a and 4-B, wherein the structure of each reference numeral is described as follows: a chlorination furnace body 201; a chloride extraction hole 301; a residue waste heat recovery bin 401; an air brick group 501; a flange 601 connected with the furnace body; a flange 701 is connected with the residue waste heat recovery bin; a chlorine gas delivery line 801; a chlorine manifold 901; thermometric instrument mounting holes 1001.

The structure of the first separation furnace is illustrated in fig. 5, 5-a, and 5-B, wherein the structure designated by each reference numeral is illustrated by: a molten iron inlet 121; a first separation furnace cover 221; a first separation furnace extraction hole 321; a first separation furnace temperature measuring and pressure measuring meter mounting hole 421; a first separation furnace stirrer mounting hole 521; a slag discharge hole 621; a taphole valve seat 721; a viewer 821; a molten iron diversion wall 921; a first separation furnace body 1021; a first air brick group 1121 of the first separation furnace; molten iron mixed rib 1221; a first separation furnace second air brick set 1321; first separation furnace oxygen first delivery conduit 1421; an oxygen manifold 1521; a second oxygen delivery conduit 1621 of the first separation furnace; sodium carbonate powder conveying pipe 1721.

In order to make it easier for those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, a plurality of examples of the smelting method provided by the present invention will be given below.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 6, iron, titanium and vanadium are extracted from iron-vanadium concentrate produced by a dressing plant in the Panzhihua mining area.

The iron-vanadium concentrate mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: iron 51.56, titanium dioxide 12,73, vanadium pentoxide 0.564.

The specific process is as follows:

iron-vanadium concentrate powder, flux powder, titanium-containing blast furnace slag powder (the doping amount of the titanium-containing blast furnace slag powder accounts for 10-30% of the iron-vanadium concentrate powder), and coal powder (the adding amount of the coal powder is about 1.1-2.0 times of the total content of titanium dioxide in the iron-vanadium concentrate powder and the high-titanium slag powder). Metering, batching and mixing into powder. Preheating by a two-stage cyclone preheater, wherein the temperature of the powder is 250-400 ℃, and the water content is zero. And scattering the mixture into a smelting furnace by a spiral feeder. And melting and reducing the material powder at high temperature to generate liquid slag and molten iron. The liquid slag flows into a chlorination furnace, and chlorine is sprayed into the bottom of the inclined plane of the chlorination furnace, so that the liquid slag and the chlorine react. The produced titanium tetrachloride-containing mixed gas is pumped out and purified to obtain a titanium tetrachloride product. And (3) allowing molten iron discharged from the bottom of the right end wall of the smelting furnace to flow into a separation furnace, spraying industrial-grade sodium carbonate powder (carrier gas is oxygen, and the oxygen pressure is 0.1-0.6 MPa) into the inclined bottom of the separation furnace, discharging the generated vanadium-containing liquid slag from a slag discharge port at the upper part of the side wall of the separation furnace, and entering a vanadium extraction process. And discharging molten iron from an iron discharging port at the bottom of the right end wall of the separation furnace, and entering a steelmaking process.

Example 2

Titanium concentrate produced by a dressing plant in Panzhihua mining area is taken as a raw material to extract iron, titanium and vanadium.

The titanium concentrate comprises the following main components: (mass%): iron 31.56, titanium dioxide 47.53, vanadium pentoxide 0.68.

The specific process is as follows:

titanium concentrate powder, flux powder, coal powder (the adding amount is 1.1-2.0 times of the content of titanium dioxide in the titanium concentrate powder) and the like, and the raw materials are metered, proportioned and mixed into the feed powder. Preheating by a two-stage cyclone preheater, wherein the temperature of the powder is 250-400 ℃, and the water content is zero. And scattering the mixture into a smelting furnace by a spiral feeder. And melting and reducing the material powder at high temperature to generate liquid slag and molten iron. The liquid slag flows into a chlorination furnace, and chlorine is sprayed into the bottom of the inclined plane of the chlorination furnace, so that the liquid slag and the chlorine react. The produced titanium tetrachloride-containing mixed gas is pumped out and purified to obtain a titanium tetrachloride product. And (3) allowing molten iron discharged from the bottom of the right end wall of the smelting furnace to flow into a separation furnace, spraying industrial-grade sodium carbonate powder (carrier gas is oxygen, and the oxygen pressure is 0.1-0.6 MPa) into the inclined bottom of the separation furnace, discharging the generated vanadium-containing liquid slag from a slag discharge port at the upper part of the side wall of the separation furnace, and entering a vanadium extraction process. And discharging molten iron from an iron discharging port at the bottom of the right end wall of the separation furnace, and entering a steelmaking process.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 7, the sulfur-cobalt concentrate produced by the ore dressing plant in the Panzhihua mine area is used as the raw material to extract iron, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel and sulfur.

The sulfur-cobalt concentrate comprises the following main components: (mass%): iron 49.01, titanium dioxide 1,62, vanadium pentoxide 0.282, cobalt 0.258, nickel 0.192, sulfur 36.6.

Feeding the sulfur-cobalt concentrate powder into a fluidized bed furnace for oxidizing roasting, wherein furnace gas (containing SO)₂Gas) is withdrawn and fed to the sulfuric acid production process. The slag discharged from the furnace is treated and used as raw material powder, and is metered, proportioned and mixed with flux powder, coal powder, doped titanium concentrate powder or titanium-containing blast furnace slag powder and the like to form the material powder. Preheating by a two-stage cyclone preheater, wherein the temperature of the powder is 250-400 ℃, and the water content is zero. And scattering the mixture into a smelting furnace by a spiral feeder. And melting and reducing the material powder at high temperature to generate liquid slag and molten iron. The liquid slag flows into a chlorination furnace, chlorine is sprayed into the bottom of the inclined plane of the chlorination furnace,the liquid slag is reacted with chlorine. The produced titanium tetrachloride-containing mixed gas is pumped out and purified to obtain a titanium tetrachloride product. And (3) allowing molten iron discharged from the bottom of the right end wall of the smelting furnace to flow into a first separation furnace, spraying industrial-grade sodium carbonate powder (carrier gas is oxygen, and the oxygen pressure is 0.1-0.6 MPa) into the bottom of the inclined surface of the separation furnace, discharging the generated vanadium-containing liquid slag from a slag discharge port at the upper part of the side wall of the separation furnace, and performing a vanadium extraction process. And the molten iron flowing out of the bottom of the right end wall of the first separating furnace enters a second separating furnace, oxygen is sprayed into the bottom of the inclined surface of the separating furnace, cobalt in the molten iron is oxidized into cobalt oxide by utilizing the selective oxidation principle to form a cobalt-containing liquid slag layer, and the cobalt-containing liquid slag layer is discharged from a slag discharge port at the upper part of the side wall of the separating furnace and enters the cobalt extraction process. And molten iron flowing out of the bottom of the right end wall of the second separation furnace enters a third separation furnace, oxygen is sprayed into the bottom of the inclined surface of the separation furnace, nickel in the molten iron is oxidized into nickel oxide to form a nickel-containing liquid slag layer, the nickel-containing liquid slag layer is discharged from a slag discharge port on the upper part of the side wall of the separation furnace, and the nickel extraction process is carried out. Molten iron flowing out of the bottom of the right end wall of the third separation furnace is input into a steelmaking process.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The device for smelting the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite is characterized by comprising the following components:

the left side wall of a molten pool in the smelting furnace is a left end wall of the smelting furnace, the right side wall of the molten pool is a retaining wall, the right side of the retaining wall is an inclined reaction zone, the right side of the inclined reaction zone is a clarification zone, and the right side wall of the clarification zone is a right end wall of the smelting furnace; the molten bath is higher than the initial end and the final end of the inclined reaction zone on the horizontal plane, the terminal end of the inclined plane is higher than the clarification zone, and the molten bath is constructed to contain a molten mass formed by preheating and heating material powder;

the retaining wall is configured to block and collect the molten mass in the molten pool and to be capable of flowing over the retaining wall when the molten mass reaches a predetermined height;

the slope reaction zone is configured to flow the molten mass flowing over the retaining wall in a spread-out lamellar form over the slope surface and to allow injection of a metal releasing agent into the molten mass;

the fining zone is configured to receive the molten mass flowing from the terminal end of the inclined reaction zone and to allow the molten mass to settle and stratify within the fining zone, forming a stratified state with a molten iron on the bottom layer and a liquid slag on the top layer.

2. The apparatus for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 1, further comprising:

a chlorination furnace having a chlorination furnace slope and configured to allow the liquid slag to flow on its surface in a laminar manner and to inject chlorine gas into the liquid slag through the slope, a mixed gas containing titanium tetrachloride being produced and withdrawn, and the remaining chlorination residue being discharged from the terminal of the slope.

3. The apparatus for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 2, further comprising: a separation furnace and a metal recovery system;

the separation furnace is provided with a separation furnace inclined plane and a separation furnace clarification zone, the clarification zone is positioned at the right side of the terminal end of the separation furnace inclined plane and is lower than the terminal end of the separation furnace inclined plane, the separation furnace inclined plane is configured to allow the molten iron to flow on the surface of the separation furnace inclined plane in a layered mode, and a metal separation reagent is allowed to be sprayed into the molten iron, so that the metal to be separated in the molten iron is reacted with the corresponding metal separation reagent, a reaction product forms new liquid slag, the new liquid slag flows into the separation furnace clarification zone, and the molten iron is formed at the bottom layer and the new liquid slag is formed at the top layer through standing and layering;

the new liquid slag is discharged from a slag extractor through a slag discharge port of the separation furnace and flows into the metal recovery system; and the molten iron is discharged from an iron discharging port at the bottom of the right end wall of the separating furnace and flows into the next separating furnace.

4. A smelting method of high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite, which is implemented by the device for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite of claim 3, is characterized in that:

preheating and heating the material powder to be in a liquid drop shape so as to dispersedly fall into a molten pool of the smelting furnace, and converging the material powder in the molten pool into a molten mass consisting of liquid slag and molten iron, wherein the molten iron mainly comprises metallic iron and a plurality of non-ferrous metals dissolved in the molten iron; the liquid slag contains nonferrous metal, and the powder comprises high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate powder, flux powder and coal powder;

the molten mass continuously increases in volume to continuously overflow over the top surface of the retaining wall of the molten pool and flows in a lamellar manner along the inclined surface provided to the melting furnace under the action of gravity;

spraying a metal release agent into the molten mass flowing in a lamellar manner through the inclined surface, so that non-ferrous elements in the molten mass are reacted and enter the liquid slag;

in a clarification zone at the terminal of the inclined plane of the smelting furnace, the molten mass is in a static state and is gradually layered, the upper layer is the liquid slag, the lower layer is the molten iron, and the liquid slag is discharged from a slag extractor through a slag discharge port on the side wall of the smelting furnace; and the molten iron is discharged from a bottom tap hole of the right end wall of the smelting furnace.

5. The smelting method of the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 4, characterized in that after the material powder is preheated, the temperature of the material powder reaches 250-400 ℃, and the water content is 0.

6. The method for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the molten mass flowing on the inclined surface is 1 to 10 cm.

7. The smelting method of the high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 4, characterized in that the temperature of the molten iron is kept at 1350-1600 ℃.

8. The smelting method of high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 4, characterized in that the smelting method further comprises: the liquid slag discharged by the slag extractor flows into a chlorination furnace, and the liquid slag mainly contains titanium element; and carrying out chlorination reaction on the liquid slag to obtain the mixed gas containing titanium tetrachloride.

9. The method for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 8, wherein the discharged liquid slag flows in a lamellar form on the slope of a chlorination furnace based on gravity, and chlorine gas is injected into the liquid slag through the slope of the chlorination furnace.

10. The smelting method of high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 4, characterized in that the smelting method further comprises: flowing the molten iron discharged from a bottom tap hole of a right end wall of the smelting furnace into the separating furnace, the molten iron flowing into the separating furnace separating metals by a separating step comprising:

and enabling the molten iron to flow in a layered mode along the inclined surface in the separation furnace under the action of gravity, and spraying a metal separation reagent to the molten iron through the inclined surface in the separation furnace, so that the metal to be separated in the molten iron reacts with the corresponding metal separation reagent to generate new liquid slag to be separated from the molten iron.

11. The method for smelting high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite according to claim 10, wherein the separation step is performed one or more times to correspondingly separate any one of the four metals of vanadium, chromium, cobalt and nickel in the concentrate of high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite or to successively separate any two or more of the four metals of vanadium, chromium, cobalt and nickel in high-chromium vanadium titano-magnetite.