Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
  • A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/707—1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazines; Hydrogenated 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
  • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a herbicidal composition.
• the invention also relates to a method of controlling the growth of undesirable plants, particularly in crops, including using the aforementioned composition.
• herbicidal active ingredients have been shown to be more effective when applied in combination rather than applied individually. This effect is referred to as “synergism. ” According to Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America, Seventh Edition, 1994, page 318, “synergism” is an interaction of two or more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than the predicted effect based on the response to each factor applied separately.
• Metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron are two compounds known to be herbicidally active and to be of use in the control of unwanted plant growth. Both metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron are disclosed in The Pesticides Manual, Twelfth Edition, 2000, published by The British Crop Protection Council. Both compounds are also commercially available in a range of compositions.
• Metribuzin (IUPAC name: 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4, 5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1, 2, 4- triazin-5-one; 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylthio-1, 2, 4-triazin-5 (4H) -one) has the following chemical structure:
• Metribuzin is an inhibitor of photosynthesis in plants.
• the compound can be absorbed by roots and leaves of the plants and then translocate in the xylem.
• Metribuzin is active in the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds.
• Metribuzin is commercially available in herbicidal compositions and methods for its preparation are known in the art.
• Flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium (IUPAC name: methyl 2- (4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl) -6-trifluoromethylnicotinate monosodium salt) has the following chemical structure:
• Flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium is commercially available and methods for its preparation are known in the art. Flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium is a branched chain amino acid synthesis (ALS) inhibitor. The compound acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of the essential amino acids valine and isoleucine, thereby stopping cell division in the plant and plant growth.
• ALS branched chain amino acid synthesis
• metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron display a synergistic effect in the control of plant growth when applied in combination, for example in a composition comprising both compounds or when applied separately to a locus to be treated.
• the synergistic effects of the present invention can provide one or more of a number of advantages over the use of the individual components (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron.
• the rates of application of the individual components can be markedly reduced, while maintaining a high level of herbicidal efficacy of both compounds.
• a composition comprising the two components can exhibit activity against a considerably broader weed spectrum, compared with either of the components when applied alone.
• a composition comprising both components has the potential to control weed species at a low application rate, at which the individual components alone were ineffective.
• the components when applied in combination can exhibit a speed of action greater than that of the individual components.
• the present invention provides a composition comprising a herbicidally effective amount of (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron.
• herbicide refers to a compound that exhibits activity in the control of the growth of plants.
• herbicidally effective amount refers to the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds that is capable of producing a controlling effect on the growth of plants.
• a controlling effect includes all deviations from the natural development and growth of the plant, including, for example, killing the plant, retardation of one or more aspects of the development and growth of the plant, leaf burn, albinism, dwarfing and the like.
• plants refers to all physical parts of a plant, including shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes.
• the present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition
• a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a herbicidally effective amount of (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron for controlling the growth of undesirable plants.
• the present invention provides a method of controlling undesirable plants comprising applying to the plants or to the locus thereof a herbicidally effective amounts of (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron.
• the method of the present invention employs a composition as hereinbefore described.
• the present invention provides the use of a combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron in the control of plant growth at a locus.
• composition and methods of the present invention are useful in controlling undesirable plant growth in a range of crops, including cereals, leguminous plants, fibre plants and vegetables.
• the control of undesirable plants in such crops may be achieved by applying metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron to the plants to be controlled or their locus in suitable amounts.
• the active compounds may be applied to the locus together or separately. If applied separately, the active compounds may be applied at the same time and/or consecutively.
• the method of control may comprise applying to the plants or the locus thereof a herbicidally effective amount of the herbicidal composition.
• the method and composition of the present invention may be employed to control the growth of a range of different undesirable plants.
• the species spectrums of (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron, that is the weed species that the respective compounds control, are broad and highly complementary.
• the combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron is particularly effective in the control of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) ; Hophornbeam Copperleaf (Acalypha ostryifolia) ; Bristly Starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum) ; Corncockle (Agrostemma githago) ; Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) ; Pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.
• Cupgrass Eriochloa gracilis
• Redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium
• Dogfennel Eupatorium capillifolium
• Sun spurge Euphorbia helioscopia
• Spotted Spurge Euphorbia maculata
• Black-bindweed Fallopia convolvulus
• Fumitory Fumaria officinalis
• Hemp-nettle Galeopsis
• Galinsoga Galinsoga spp.
• Cleavers Galium aparine
• Crane's -bill Geranium
• Geranium Geranium spp.
• Green foxtail (Setaria viridis) ; Russian Thistle (Sida spinosa) ; Charlock (Sinapis arvensis) ; Tumble mustard (Jim Hill) (Sisymbrium altissimum) ; Prickly Sida/Teaweed (Slda spinosa) ; Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) ; Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum) ; Smooth sow-thistle (Sonchus oleraceus) ; Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) ; Seedloing Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) ; Volunteer sorghum (Sorghum spp.
• composition and methods of this invention are of particular use in the control of the growth of Brassica spp.; Amaranthus spp.; Anoda spp.; Capsella spp.; Datura spp.; Digitaria spp.; Echinochloa spp.; Eleusine spp.; Geranium spp.; Lamium spp.; Leptochloa spp.; Sinapis spp.; Solanum spp.; Stellaria spp.; Veronica spp.; Xanthium spp.
• the weight ratio of (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron preferably is up to 400: 1, more preferably up to 200: 1, still more preferably up to 150: 1, more preferably still up to 100: 1, with a ratio up to 70: 1 being preferred in many embodiments.
• the weight ratio of (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron is preferably greater than 1: 20, more preferably greater than 1: 10, still more preferably greater than 1: 5, more preferably still greater than 1: 2, with a ratio of about 1: 1 being suitable for many embodiments.
• the weight ratio of metribuzin to flupyrsulfuron preferably lies within the range of from about 200: 1 to about 1: 1.
• the weight ratio of (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron is from about 100: 1 to about 1: 1, more preferably from about 70: 1 to about 2: 1 still more preferably from about 70: 1 to about 5: 1, more preferably still from about 70: 1 to about 10: 1.
• the active synergistic components may be present in the composition of the present invention in a wide range of amounts.
• the total amount of (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron is from about 5%to 99%by weight of the composition, more preferably from 10%to 80%by weight, still more preferably from 15%to 75%by weight.
• Metribuzin may be present in the composition in an amount of from 5%to 95%by weight of the composition, more preferably from 10%to 80%by weight, still more preferably from 15%to 75%by weight.
• Flupyrsulfuron may be present in the composition in an amount of from 0.01%to 50%by weight, preferably from 0.05%to 20%by weight, still more preferably from 0.1%to 10%by weight, more preferably still from 0.1%to 5%by weight.
• the composition contains, by weight, from 5%to 95%of (A) metribuzin and from 0.01%to 50%of (B) flupyrsulfuron.
• the composition contains, by weight, 10%to 75%of (A) metribuzin and 0.1%to 10%of (B) flupyrsulfuron. More preferably, the composition contains, by weight, 20%to 55%of (A) metribuzin and 0.1%to 5%of (B) flupyrsulfuron.
• the application rate of the active ingredients metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron depends on such factors as the type of weed, type of crop plant, soil type, season, climate, soil ecology and various other factors.
• the application rate of the composition for a given set of conditions can readily be determined by routine trials.
• composition or method of the present invention can be applied at an application rate of from about 0.05 kilograms/hectare (kg/ha) to about 2 kg/ha of the total amount of active ingredient (A) metribuzin and (B) flupyrsulfuron being applied.
• the application rate is from about 0.1 kg/ha to about 1.5 kg/ha of the total amount of active ingredients.
• Metribuzin may be applied at a rate of from 10 to 1500 g/ha, more preferably from 100 to 1000 g/ha, still more preferably from 200 to 600 g/ha.
• Flupyrsulfuron may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 500 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 100 g/ha, more preferably from 1 to 50 g/ha.
• the application rate of the active ingredients is from 10 to 1500 g/ha of (A) metribuzin and from 1 to 500 g/ha of (B) flupyrsulfuron.
• the application rate of the active ingredients is from 100 to 1000 g/ha of (A) metribuzin and 1 to 100 g/ha of (B) flupyrsulfuron.
• the application rate of the active ingredients is from 200 to 600 g/ha of (A) metribuzin and 1 to 40 g/ha of (B) flupyrsulfuron.
• metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron may be applied to the plants and/or their locus either separately or combined as part of a two-part herbicidal system, such as the composition of the present invention.
• metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron may be applied simultaneously and/or consecutively.
• compositions of this invention can be formulated in conventional manner, for example by mixing metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron with appropriate auxiliaries.
• auxiliaries will depend upon such factors as the type of formulation and the end use. Suitable auxiliaries are commercially available and will be known to the person skilled in the art.
• the composition may further comprise one or more auxiliaries selected from extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents, fillers, wetting agents, dispersing agents, lubricants, anticaking agents and diluents.
• auxiliaries selected from extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents, fillers, wetting agents, dispersing agents, lubricants, anticaking agents and diluents.
• auxiliaries are known in the art and are commercially available. Their use in the formulation of the compositions of the present invention will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.
• Suitable formulations for applying the combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron and for the compositions of the present invention include water-soluble concentrates (SL) , emulsifiable concentrates (EC) , oil in emulsions (EW) , micro-emulsions (ME) , suspension concentrates (SC) , oil-based suspension concentrates (OD) , flowable suspensions (FS) , water-dispersible granules (WG) , water-soluble granules (SG) , wettable powders (WP) , water soluble powders (SP) , granules (GR) , encapsulated granules (CG) , fine granules (FG) , macrogranules (GG) , aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE) , capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG) .
• SL water-soluble concentrates
• EC emulsifiable concentrates
• compositions of the present invention are suspension concentrates (SC) , water-dispersible granules (WG) , water-soluble granules (SG) and wettable powders (WP) .
• SC suspension concentrates
• WG water-dispersible granules
• SG water-soluble granules
• WP wettable powders
• the composition may comprise one or more inert fillers.
• inert fillers are known in the art and available commercially.
• Suitable fillers include, for example, natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, aluminas, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground minerals, such as highly dispersed silicic acid, aluminum oxide, silicates, and calcium phosphates and calcium hydrogen phosphates.
• Suitable inert fillers for granules include, for example, crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, and dolomite, or synthetic granules of inorganic and organic ground materials, as well as granules of organic material, such as sawdust, coconut husks, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks.
• the composition may include one or more surfactants, which are preferably non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic in nature, and surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties, depending upon the active compound/compounds being formulated.
• surfactants are known in the art and are commercially available.
• Suitable anionic surfactants can be both so-called water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds.
• Soaps which may be used include the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C 10 to C 22 ) , for example the sodium or potassium salt of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures.
• the surfactant system may comprise an emulsifier, dispersant or wetting agent of ionic or nonionic type.
• surfactants include salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenylsulphonic or naphthalenesulphonic acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols, especially alkylphenols, sulphosuccinic ester salts, taurine derivatives, especially alkyltaurates, and phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated phenols or alcohols.
• the presence of at least one surfactant is generally required when the active compound and/or the inert carrier and/or auxiliary/adjuvant are insoluble in water and the vehicle for the final application of the composition is water.
• composition optionally further comprises one or more polymeric stabilizers.
• Suitable polymeric stabilizers that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins, polyacrylates, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethanes or polyamides. Suitable stabilizers are known in the art and are commercially available.
• surfactants and polymeric stabilizers mentioned above are generally believed to impart stability to the composition, in turn allowing the composition to be formulated, stored, transported and applied.
• Suitable anti-foaming agents include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Suitable anti-foaming agents are known in the art and are available commercially. Particularly preferred anti-foaming agents are mixtures of polydimethylsiloxanes and perfluroalkylphosphonic acids, such as the silicone anti-foaming agents commercially available from GE or Compton.
• Suitable solvents for inclusion in the composition may be selected from all customary organic solvents which thoroughly dissolve the active compounds metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron. Again, suitable organic solvents for metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron are known in the art. The following may be mentioned as being preferred: N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-octyl pyrrolidone, cyclohexyl-1-pyrrolidone; or a mixture of paraffinic, isoparaffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as SOLVESSO TM 200. Suitable solvents are commercially available.
• Suitable preservatives for use in the composition of the present invention include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions of this type and again are well known in the art. Suitable examples that may be mentioned include the commercially available preservatives (from Bayer AG) and (from Bayer AG) .
• Suitable antioxidants for use in the compositions of the present invention are all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions, as is known in the art. Preference is given to butylated hydroxytoluene.
• Suitable thickeners for use in the compositions include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions, for example xanthan gum, PVOH, cellulose and its derivatives, clay hydrated silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates or a mixture thereof. Again, such thickeners are known in the art and are available commercially.
• the composition may further comprise one or more solid adherents.
• adherents are known in the art and available commercially. They include organic adhesives, including tackifiers, such as celluloses or substituted celluloses, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules, or lattices, and inorganic adhesives such as gypsum, silica, or cement.
• the combination of the active ingredients metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron can be applied to the plants, such as to the leaves of plants, and/or to their locus where control is desired, such as to the surrounding soil, by any convenient method.
• locus refers to the place where plants are growing, the place where the plant propagation materials of plants are sown or the place where the plant propagation materials of plants will be sown.
• the present invention also relates to the use of a combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron, for example in a composition or formulation as described above, for controlling or modifying the growth of undesirable plants in crops.
• the combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron is useful in treating a range of crops, including cereals, for example wheat, barley, rye, oats, maize, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops; beet, for example sugar beet and fodder beet; fruit, such as pomes, stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples, grapes, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, and berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; leguminous plants, for example beans, lentils, peas, soybeans, and peanuts; oil plants, for example rape, mustard, and sunflowers; cucurbitaceae, for example marrows, cucumbers, and melons; fibre plants, for example cotton, flax, hemp, and
• the method or composition of the present invention is used for controlling growth of undesirable plants in cereals, leguminous plants, fibre plants and vegetables, preferably in wheat, barley, rye, oats, maize, rice, sorghum, triticale, beans, lentils, peas, soybeans, and peanuts, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, and paprika, more preferably in wheat, barley, maize, rice, soybeans, cotton, tomatoes and potatoes.
• Suitable crops that may be treated include those which are tolerant to metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron.
• the tolerance can be natural tolerance produced by selective breeding or can be artificially introduced by genetic modification of the crop plants.
• ‘tolerance’ means a low susceptibility to damage caused by one or more particular herbicides, in the present case metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron.
• the active ingredients employed in the practice of the present invention can be applied in a variety of ways known to those skilled in the art, at various concentrations.
• the method and compositions of the present invention are useful in controlling the growth of undesirable plants by application of the active ingredients to the plants where control is required and/or their locus pre-planting, pre-emergence and/or post-emergence.
• the active ingredients metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron may be applied to the undesired plants and the crops to be protected and/or their locus by conventional methods including coating, spraying, sprinkling, dipping, soaking, injection, irrigation, and the like.
• compositions of the present invention may contain or be mixed with other pesticides, such as fungicides, insecticides and nematicides, growth factor enhancers and fertilizers, to enhance the activity of the treatment of the present invention or to widen its spectrum of activity.
• pesticides such as fungicides, insecticides and nematicides, growth factor enhancers and fertilizers
• the method of the present invention may be employed in conjunction with the use of one or more of the aforementioned active ingredients, again to obtain an enhanced efficacy or broader spectrum of activity.
• Water-dispersible granules were prepared by mixing and milling of active ingredients and auxiliaries (0.5% (sodium lauryl sulfate, Witco Inc., Greenwich) , 5% 88B (sodium lignosulfonate, Westvaco Corp) , Potassium carbonate (balance to 100%) ) under compressed air, then wetting, extruding and drying to obtain water-dispersible granule.
• active ingredients and auxiliaries 0.5% (sodium lauryl sulfate, Witco Inc., Greenwich) , 5% 88B (sodium lignosulfonate, Westvaco Corp) , Potassium carbonate (balance to 100%) ) under compressed air, then wetting, extruding and drying to obtain water-dispersible granule.
• WG water-dispersible granule
• Aqueous suspension concentrates were prepared by mixing finely ground active ingredients with auxiliaries (10%Propylene glycol, 5%Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, 1%Sodium lignosulfonate, 1%Carboxymethylcellulose, 1%Silicone oil (in the form of a 75%emulsion in water) , 0.1%Xanthan gum, 0.1%NIPACIDE BIT 20, Water (Balance to 1L) .
• auxiliaries %Propylene glycol, 5%Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, 1%Sodium lignosulfonate, 1%Carboxymethylcellulose, 1%Silicone oil (in the form of a 75%emulsion in water) , 0.1%Xanthan gum, 0.1%NIPACIDE BIT 20, Water (Balance to 1L) .
• an aqueous suspension concentrate (SC) formulation was prepared from the following components:
• Water-soluble granules were prepared by mixing and milling of active ingredients and auxiliaries (0.5% (sodium lauryl sulfate, Witco Inc., Greenwich) , 5% 88B (sodium lignosulfonate, Westvaco Corp) , 2%Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) , Potassium sulfate (balance to 100%) ) under compressed air, then wetting, extruding and drying to obtain water-soluble granules.
• active ingredients and auxiliaries 0.5% (sodium lauryl sulfate, Witco Inc., Greenwich) , 5% 88B (sodium lignosulfonate, Westvaco Corp) , 2%Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) , Potassium sulfate (balance to 100%) ) under compressed air, then wetting, extruding and drying to obtain water-soluble granules.
• a water-soluble granule (SG) formulation was prepared from the following components:
• WP Wettable powder
• a wettable powder (WP) formulation was prepared from the following components:
• Examples 1 and 2 are comparative examples.
• the expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated by the so called “Colby equation” (see S. R. Colby, “Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations” , Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22) :
• A the activity percentage of compound A when active compound A is empolyed at an application rate of m g/ha;
• E the percentage of estimated activity when compounds A and B are empolyed together at an application rate of m g/ha and n g/ha.
• compositions according to Examples 1 to 9 were applied 50 days after planting by spraying. After spraying, the blocks were maintained for about 2 weeks.
• the efficiency of the treatment in controlling the growth of the weeds is indicated as a percentage of the weeds killed following the treatment.
• the formulations of the present invention comprising a combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron, exhibited a significantly increased effect in the control of the target weeds, compared with either metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron alone or that predicted from a combination of the two active ingredients. This increased effect is a clear indication of synergy between the two active ingredients.
• Soybeans and cotton plants were sown in randomized blocks in the field. The different types of weeds present and their relative density in each block were identified and are listed in Table 3 below.
• compositions according to Examples 1 to 9 were applied 50 days after planting by spraying. After spraying, the blocks were maintained for about 2 weeks.
• the efficiency of the treatment in controlling the growth of the weeds is indicated as a percentage of the weeds killed following the treatment.
• the formulations of the present invention comprising a combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron, exhibited a significantly increased effect in the control of the target weeds, compared with either metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron alone or that predicted from a combination of the two active ingredients. This increased effect is a clear indication of synergy between the two active ingredients.
• Tomatoes and potatoes plants were sown in randomized blocks in the field. The different types of weeds present and their relative density in each block were identified and are listed in Table 5 below.
• compositions according to Examples 1 to 9 were applied 50 days after planting by spraying. After spraying, the blocks were maintained for about 2 weeks.
• the efficiency of the treatment in controlling the growth of the weeds is indicated as a percentage of the weeds killed following the treatment.
• the formulations of the present invention comprising a combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron, exhibited a significantly increased effect in the control of the target weeds, compared with either metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron alone or that predicted from a combination of the two active ingredients. This increased effect is a clear indication of synergy between the two active ingredients.
• compositions according to Examples 1 to 9 were applied 50 days after planting by spraying. After spraying, the blocks were maintained for about 2 weeks.
• the efficiency of the treatment in controlling the growth of the weeds is indicated as a percentage of the weeds killed following the treatment.
• the formulations of the present invention comprising a combination of metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron, exhibited a significantly increased effect in the control of the target weeds, compared with either metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron alone or that predicted from a combination of the two active ingredients. This increased effect is a clear indication of synergy between the two active ingredients.

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• 2015
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• 2016
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