WO2017106903A1

WO2017106903A1 - A particulate dispersal assembly and method of use

Info

Publication number: WO2017106903A1
Application number: PCT/AU2016/051011
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nathan Philip Roy
Original assignee: Aerobugs Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2015-12-23
Filing date: 2016-10-27
Publication date: 2017-06-29
Also published as: AU2015101838A4

Abstract

The present invention provides a particulate dispersal assembly for use with an unmanned aerial vehicle ("UAV"), a UAV including the assembly and a method of use. The assembly includes a container for containing the particulate to be dispersed, the container having at least one opening defined in a bottom portion of the container and being configured to be carried by the UAV. The assembly also includes a dispersing mechanism attached to the bottom portion of the container for dispersing particulate flowing through the at least one opening in the container and a flow controller for controlling a flow rate of the particulate through the at least one opening.

Description

A PARTICULATE DISPERSAL ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF USE

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a particulate dispersal assembly for use with an unmanned aerial vehicle ("UAV") and to a method of use.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Aerial application, also known as crop dusting, typically involves spraying crops with crop products from an aircraft. While initially used for the application of pesticides to kill crop pests, aerial application has subsequently been used for the application of fertilizers and for seed sowing.

[0003] However, a problem with traditional aerial application operations is that they lack accuracy in the application of the product being sprayed, which has attracted much environmental concern due to spray drift (i.e., the drift of sprayed material onto surrounding areas).

[0004] The above problem is further amplified by the increasing use of integrated pest control practices, including the use of biological agents such as, e.g., predatory or beneficial insects, as substitutes for chemical pesticides and fertilizers in treating crops. Such natural pest control mechanisms are typically very expensive and are therefore usually applied by hand to crops rather than by aerial application due to a lack of accuracy associated with the latter. This can be very labour intensive.

[0005] Further problems associated with traditional aerial application operations are that they are expensive and also labour intensive requiring the rental or contracting of a plane/helicopter, pilot, operations crew, ground crew, flagmen and fuel as well as the crop product being applied. Additionally, there are increasing safety concerns over the operation of such planes and helicopters in aerial application operations, with pilots typically attempting to fly just above the crops being treated to minimise spray drift while avoiding surrounding obstacles such as, e.g., trees, telephone/electrical lines and/or buildings. Lastly, when used for the application of biological agents such as, e.g., predatory or beneficial insects, high insect deaths is attributed to the excessive speed of the aircraft and rotor wash or downwash.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0006] Embodiments of the present invention provide a particulate dispersal assembly, an unmanned aerial vehicle ("UAV") including the assembly and a method of use, which may overcome at least one of the problems mentioned above or which may provide the public with a useful or commercial choice.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a particulate dispersal assembly for use with or when used with an unmanned aerial vehicle ("UAV") for dispersing a particulate over a field, said assembly including:

a container for containing the particulate to be dispersed, said container configured to be carried by the UAV and having at least one opening defined in a bottom portion of the container;

a dispersing mechanism attached to the bottom portion of the container for dispersing particulate flowing through the at least one opening; and

a flow controller for controlling a flow rate of the particulate through the at least one opening.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a container for use with or when used with the particulate dispersal assembly of the first aspect, said container configured to be carried by a UAV and contain a particulate to be dispersed, said container having at least one opening defined in a bottom portion of the container.

[0009] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dispersing mechanism for use with or when used with the particulate dispersal assembly of the first aspect, said dispersing mechanism configured to be attached to the bottom portion of the container of the particulate dispersal assembly for dispersing particulate flowing through the at least one opening of the container.

[0010] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flow controller for use with or when used with the particulate dispersal assembly of the first aspect, said flow controller configured to control a flow rate of particulate through the at least one opening of the container.

[0011] Advantageously, use of the particulate dispersal assembly of the present invention with a UAV allows for the accurate application of particulate to a field in a safe, cost-effective and less labour intensive manner than conventional aerial application processes. Due to the enhanced manoeuvrability of the UAV, because of its size, particulate can be dispersed closer to a ground surface thereby improving application accuracy with less risk of the UAV crashing into a surrounding obstacle. Furthermore, since the UAV is unmanned, there is no risk of pilot fatality if the UAV does crash. The high accuracy and reduced downwash or rotor wash of the particulate dispersal assembly of the present invention when carried by a UAV, makes it ideal for the application of expensive biological agents, such as, e.g., predatory or beneficial insects, and for use near or around organic certified farms where spray drift can be fatal to organic certification. Moreover, since the UAV and the particulate dispersal assembly can be remotely controlled by a single operator, the present invention provides a cost-effective solution for the application of particulate.

[0012] As used herein, the UAV may include any unmanned aircraft remotely controlled by an operator on the ground or in another vehicle. The UAV may be a fixed-wing aircraft or a rotary- wing aircraft, preferably the latter. The UAV may preferably be in the form of a rotary-wing aircraft with at least two rotors, at least four rotors, at least six rotors, at least eight rotors, at least 10 rotors, at least 12 rotors, at least 14 rotors, at least 16 rotors, at least 18 rotors or at least 20 rotors. In preferred embodiments, the UAV may be a rotary-wing aircraft with at least four rotors, at least six rotors, at least eight rotors, at least 10 rotors or at least 12 rotors.

[0013] As used herein, the particulate may include any dry, free flowing particulate material or materials intended for dispersal over a field. For example, the particulate may include crop seed, dry fertilizer, dry pesticide, dry feed, dry granulate, dry herbicide, dry rodenticide, dry biological agent or any combination thereof. Preferably, the particulate may include a biological agent, such as, e.g., a volume of predatory or beneficial insects. For example, the particulate may include a volume of Phytoseiulus persimilis for the control of a Twospotted mite (Tetranychus urticae) outbreak on a strawberry crop.

[0014] The container of the assembly of the present invention may be of any suitable size, shape and construction to contain a volume of the particulate. Typically, the container may include at least one side wall, an upper opening and the at least one opening located in the bottom portion of the container, preferably at or near the bottom of the container. The upper opening may or may not include a cover, preferably a hinged cover.

[0015] The container may have a cuboidal shape, a cylindrical shape, a cone -like shape or an inverted pyramidal-like shape, for example.

[0016] The container preferably may have a shape that tapers downward from the upper opening to the at least one opening.

[0017] In preferred embodiments, the container may be in the form of a hopper. In use, the particulate may be loaded in the upper opening and may be discharged or dispersed from the at least one opening. [0018] Similarly, the container may be formed from any suitable material or materials. The container may be formed from a material that is lightweight and durable. The material may be rigid or flexible. Typically, the container may be formed from metal, plastic, fabric and/or composite material or materials. Preferably, the container may be formed from plastic and/or fabric material or materials.

[0019] The container may include viewing means adapted to allow an operator of the UAV and the assembly to visually determine an amount of particulate held by the container. The viewing means may include a portion of mesh or a window. Typically, the mesh may be of a size that the particulate cannot pass through.

[0020] The container may be of unitary construction or may be formed from two or more container pieces.

[0021] For example, in some embodiments, the container may include a first container piece forming the at least one side wall and defining the upper opening and a second container piece defining the bottom portion and/or the at least one opening. The second container piece may be detachably attached to the first container piece to allow the second container piece to be interchanged with other second container pieces, for example.

[0022] In other embodiments, the container may include a first container piece in the form of an annular or rectangular frame defining the upper opening of the container and a second container piece in the form of a sleeve with a further sleeve defined along an upper edge for receiving the annular or rectangular frame. The second container piece may be attached to the first container piece to form the at least one side wall and the at least one opening.

[0023] The container may be configured to hold any suitable volume of particulate. For example, the container may have a maximum volume of at least 2 litres, at least 3 litres, at least 4 litres, at least 5 litres, at least 6 litres, at least 7 litres, at least 8 litres, at least 9 litres, at least 10 litres, at least 11 litres, at least 12 litres, at least 13 litres, at least 14 litres, at least 15 litres, at least 16 litres, at least 17 litres, at least 18 litres, at least 19 litres, at least 20 litres, at least 22.5 litres, at least 25 litres, at least 27.5 litres or even at least 30 litres. Preferably, the container may have a maximum volume of between about 3 litres and 10 litres, more preferably between about 5 litres and 10 litres.

[0024] The container may be carried by the UAV in any suitable way and in any suitable location such that the particulate may be dispersed over a field. Typically, the container may be carried by an underside of the UAV such that it suspended beneath the UAV. Preferably, the container may be attached to the UAV. For example, in one embodiment, the container may be attached to an upper portion of the UAV and be suspended beneath the UAV. In another embodiment, the container may be attached to an underside of the UAV. In preferred embodiments, the container may be attached to the UAV via an upper edge portion of the container.

[0025] The container may be permanently or detachably attached to the UAV, preferably detachably. The container may be attached directly or indirectly to the UAV. The container may be adjustably attached to the UAV such that the distance that the container is suspended beneath the underside of the UAV may be adjusted.

[0026] In some embodiments, the upper edge portion of the container may be attached to the UAV by one or more mechanical fasteners. For example, one or more threaded fasteners may extend through respective openings defined in the upper edge portion of the container and within openings defined in the underside of the UAV.

[0027] In other embodiments, the upper edge portion of the container may be attached to the UAV by one or more chemical fasteners. For example, one or more chemical fasteners in the form of a wet adhesive, a dry adhesive and/or double-sided adhesive tape may extend between the upper edge portion of the container and the underside of the UAV.

[0028] In yet other embodiments, the container may be attached to the UAV by way of a connecting mechanism including mateable male and female portions that couple together, such as, e.g., hook-and-loop type fasteners and/or other types of fasteners that connect or couple together. For example, the connecting mechanism may include at least one male formation associated with the upper edge portion of the container configured to be at least partially inserted into or coupled with at least one female formation associated with the UAV, preferably the underside of the UAV. Conversely, the connecting mechanism may include at least one female formation associated with the upper edge portion of the container and configured to at least partially receive or be coupled with at least one male formation associated with the UAV, preferably the underside of the UAV.

[0029] In preferred embodiments, the container may be attached to the UAV by way of two or more loops, bands or straps.

[0030] In one embodiment, each loop, band or strap may extend from a location at or near the upper edge portion of the container and be coupled to, looped around or hooked over a portion or part of the UAV, preferably a portion of a stand or frame of the UAV, such as, e.g., around a frame arm extending between a motor unit of the UAV and a central frame member.

[0031] In another embodiment, each loop, band or strap may extend from a portion or part of the UAV, preferably a portion of a stand or frame of the UAV, such as, e.g., around a frame arm extending between a motor unit of the UAV and a central frame member and be coupled to, looped around or hooked over at least two locations at or near the upper edge portion of the container, preferably on opposed sides of the container.

[0032] Each loop, band or strap may extend through an opening defined near the upper edge portion of the container. Alternatively, each loop, band or strap may be fastened to or near the upper edge portion of the container.

[0033] In one embodiment, each loop, band or strap may include two opposed end portions with a part of a hook-and-loop type fastener associated with each end portion. For example, in use, a first end portion including part of the hook-and-loop type fastener may be looped around or hooked over a portion or part of the UAV and then be attached to or joined with a corresponding part of the hook-and-loop type fastener associated with another portion of the loop, band or strap, such as, e.g., the other end portion.

[0034] As indicated above, the container includes at least one opening defined in a bottom portion of the container, preferably defined in the bottom of the container. The at least one opening may be of any suitable size and shape to facilitate in the dispersal of the particulate. The opening may be substantially circular, rectangular, oval-shaped, ellipse-shaped or crescent-shaped.

[0035] In some embodiments, the container may include more than one opening defined in the bottom of the container. For example, the container may include at least two openings, at least three openings, at least four openings, at least five openings, at least six openings, at least seven openings, at least eight openings, at least nine openings or even at least ten openings defined in the bottom of the container. The openings may be defined in any suitable arrangement in the bottom of the container. For example, the openings may be radially defined around a centre location in the bottom of the container.

[0036] The dispersing mechanism may be of any suitable size, shape and construction and may be attached to the bottom portion of the container in any suitable way to facilitate in the dispersal of particulate flowing through the at least one opening of the container and onto the dispersing mechanism.

[0037] The dispersing mechanism may preferably be capable of dispersing particulate in at least a 270° arc or sweep around the UAV and the assembly, preferably at least a 300° arc or sweep around the UAV and the assembly, more preferably a 360° arc or sweep around the UAV and the assembly.

[0038] The dispersing mechanism may include a spinner, a drive shaft on which the spinner is mounted and a motor for rotating the drive shaft and the spinner. The dispersing mechanism may further include a mechanical power transmission, such as, e.g., a belt drive and/or gear drive. The dispersing mechanism may preferably further include a body for at least partially housing the spinner, the drive shaft and the electric motor. The body may be formed from any suitable material or materials. Typically, the body may be formed from metal, plastic, fabric and/or composite material or materials. Preferably, the body may be formed from plastic and/or metal material or materials.

[0039] The body may preferably only partially house the spinner so that particulate may be dispersed.

[0040] In preferred embodiments, the body of the dispersing mechanism may include an upper portion and a lower portion. The motor and part of the drive shaft may be housed within the lower portion. The remaining part of the drive shaft and the spinner may be positioned between the upper portion and the lower portion of the body adjacent one or more windows defined in the body. The windows may extend at least partially along one or more sides of the body between the upper portion and the lower portion and provide passage for particulate dispersed by the spinner. Preferably, the windows extend along each side of the body of the dispersing mechanism.

[0041] The windows may be defined by at least two spacing members located in opposite corners of the body of the dispersing mechanism and extending between the upper portion and the lower portion of the body, preferably at least four spacing members each located at or near a corner of the body.

[0042] In use, the particulate may flow through the at least one opening of the container and fall onto and be dispersed by the rotating spinner, preferably through the one or more windows.

[0043] The dispersing mechanism may be permanently or detachably attached to the bottom portion of the container, preferably detachably.

[0044] In some embodiments, the dispersing mechanism may be attached to the bottom portion of the container by one or more fasteners. For example, one or more threaded fasteners may extend through respective openings defined in an upper surface or top of the upper portion of the body of the dispersing mechanism (i.e., adjacent the bottom portion of the container) and within openings defined in the bottom portion of the container.

[0045] In other embodiments, the dispersing mechanism may be attached to the bottom portion of the container by one or more chemical fasteners. For example, one or more chemical fasteners in the form of a wet adhesive, a dry adhesive and/or double-sided adhesive tape may extend between the upper surface or top of the upper portion of the body of the dispersing mechanism (i.e., adjacent the bottom portion of the container) and an underside of the bottom portion of the container.

[0046] In further embodiments, the dispersing mechanism may be attached to an underside of the container directly adjacent the at least one opening defined in the bottom portion of the container by way of a connecting mechanism including mateable male and female portions that couple together, such as, e.g., hook-and-loop type fasteners and/or other types of fasteners that connect or couple together. For example, the connecting mechanism may include at least one male formation associated with the upper surface or top of the upper portion of the body of the dispersing mechanism configured to be at least partially inserted into or coupled with at least one female formation associated with the underside of the bottom portion of the container. Conversely, the connecting mechanism may include at least one female formation associated with the upper surface or top of the upper portion of the body of the dispersing mechanism and configured to at least partially receive or be coupled with at least one male formation associated with the underside of the bottom portion of the container.

[0047] In some embodiments, the spinner may include a central hub mounted on the drive shaft and at least a pair of opposed blades radially extending outward from the hub, preferably at least two pairs of opposed blades.

[0048] In other embodiments, the spinner may include a disc centrally mounted on the drive shaft and including at least a pair of opposed ridges located on an upper surface of the base and radially extending outward from a central point of the disc, said ridges configured to facilitate in the dispersal of the particulate.

[0049] Typically, the motor for rotating the drive shaft and the spinner may be an electric motor. More preferably, the operating speed of the electric motor may be remotely controllable by the operator of the UAV to adjust the speed that the spinner rotates and thereby the range over which the particulate is dispersed by the rotating spinner. The motor may preferably be located in the lower portion of the body of the dispersing mechanism. [0050] In some embodiments, operation of the motor including the operating speed may be computer controlled either by an on-board microcomputer, including one or more processors and a memory, or by an external processing device through a wireless network (e.g., Wi-Fi (WLAN) communication, RF communication, infrared communication, or Bluetooth™). For example, in one embodiment, the on-board microcomputer or the external processor may receive positional information from a GPS tracking unit (discussed below), and, in response, be able to activate the motor and control the operating speed of the motor depending on the position of the UAV and the assembly relative to the field on which the particulate is to be dispersed.

[0051] The flow controller for controlling the flow rate of the particulate through the at least one opening of the container may be of any suitable size, shape and form and may be located in any suitable location relative to the container and the dispersing mechanism for controlling the flow of particulate through the at least one opening of the container.

[0052] For example, in some embodiments, the flow controller may be located within the container atop the at least one opening.

[0053] In other embodiments, the flow controller may be located between the container and the dispersing mechanism.

[0054] In preferred embodiments, the flow controller may form part of the dispersing mechanism and be located between the at least one opening of the container and the spinner of the dispersing mechanism. Preferably, the flow controller may be at least partially housed within the upper portion of the body of the dispersing mechanism.

[0055] The flow controller may include a flow control member configured to at least partially cover or obstruct the at least one opening in the container and thus control the flow rate of the particulate through the at least one opening.

[0056] The flow control member may be of any suitable size, shape and construction to at least partially cover the at least one opening in the container. Typically, the flow control member may be in the form of a plate or disc.

[0057] The flow control member may include a plurality of openings to facilitate in the control of the flow of the particulate. The openings may be of any suitable size and shape and be defined in any suitable arrangement on the flow control member. For example, the openings may be substantially circular, rectangular, oval-shaped, ellipse-shaped or crescent-shaped. Typically, the openings may be radially defined around or about a centre point on the flow control member. [0058] In some embodiments, the size of the openings defined in the flow control member may be adjustable. Advantageously, this may also facilitate in the control of the flow of different sized particulate material, such as, e.g., fine particulate or course particulate.

[0059] In preferred embodiments, the flow controller may include at least two flow control members arranged parallel to one another in a surface-to-surface arrangement adjacent the at least one opening of the container. At least one of the two flow control members may be rotatable relative to the other flow control member, preferably about a common axis. For example, particulate may flow through the at least two flow control members and onto the spinner of the dispersing mechanism when the openings in the flow control members are at least partially aligned. Conversely, particulate may be obstructed from flowing onto the spinner of the dispersing mechanism when the openings in either flow control member are entirely obstructed by the other flow control member. Preferably, the openings in both members may be of the same size and shape and/or defined in the same arrangement.

[0060] In use, a first flow control member may be rotated relative to a second flow control member between a non-flow position in which the openings in the first flow control member are completely obstructed by the second flow control member and a flow position in which the openings in the first flow control member and the second flow control member at least partially align. Preferably, the size of the openings may be adjusted by adjusting the alignment of the openings in the first flow control member and the second flow control member. That is, when the openings are only partially aligned, the size of the openings may smaller than when the openings are completely aligned.

[0061] Typically, rotational movement of one of the at least two flow control members relative to the other may be driven by a motor, preferably a servomotor or solenoid, more preferably a servomotor. Typically, the motor may be remotely controllable by the operator of the UAV. Advantageously, this allows the operator to control when the particulate is dispersed and also the amount of particulate to be dispersed.

[0062] In some embodiments, the motor driving the rotational movement of the flow control members may be computer controlled either by an on-board microcomputer, including one or more processors and a memory, or by an external processing device through a wireless network (e.g., Wi- Fi (WLAN) communication, RF communication, infrared communication, or Bluetooth™). For example, in one embodiment, the on-board microcomputer or the external processor may receive positional information from a GPS tracking unit (discussed below), and, in response, be able to activate the motor to move the flow control members between a flow position and a non-flow position depending on the position of the UAV and the assembly relative to the field on which the particulate is to be dispersed.

[0063] In preferred embodiments, the assembly may further include a power source. The power source may be the same power source as for the UAV or may be dedicated power source for the assembly, preferably the latter. Typically, the power source may be one or more batteries. The one or more batteries may be located in any suitable location on the assembly and/or the UAV. Typically, the one or more batteries may be located atop the UAV.

[0064] In some embodiments, the assembly may further include a GPS tracking unit to assist in tracking the location of the UAV and the assembly when being used on a field or fields. Generally, the GPS tracking unit may be in the form of a data pusher capable of wirelessly transmitting (i.e., pushing) the location of the UAV and the assembly to the operator of the UAV. Typically, the unit may further include a cellular (GPRS or SMS), radio or satellite modem embedded in the unit to facilitate in the wireless transmission of location data to the operator.

[0065] For example, in some embodiments, the operator remotely controlling the UAV and the assembly may have a display on which the location of the UAV and the assembly may be displayed against a map backdrop in real time. Advantageously, this may allow the operator to accurately track the location of the UAV and the assembly and thus accurately track the dispersal of particulate. In other embodiments, the operator remotely controlling the UAV and the assembly may be able to generate prescription maps of the field or fields being traversed in real time. Advantageously, this together with the at least one camera (discussed below) may facilitate in the determining of an optimal flight path and the identification of non-dispersal sub areas, such as, e.g., the location of dead crops.

[0066] In some embodiments, the assembly may further include at least one camera capable of capturing at least one image of the field over which the UAV carrying the assembly traverses. The camera may be capable of capturing an image using visible light and/or using infrared radiation. Typically, the camera may be a digital camera capable of capturing both still images and video. Preferably, the camera may also be capable of wirelessly transmitting the still images and/or video data captured back to the operator of the UAV. In this regard and as with the GPS tracking unit, the camera may include a cellular (GPRS or SMS), radio or satellite modem embedded or associated with the camera to facilitate in the wireless transmission of image and/or vide data to the operator.

[0067] As with the GPS tracking unit, in some embodiments, the operator remotely controlling the UAV may have a display for displaying the image and/or video data wirelessly transmitted in real time. The display may be the same display used to display location data of the UAV and the assembly or an additional display. In one embodiment, the display may function as a viewfinder, preferably as a live feed. Advantageously, this may facilitate in the operation of the UAV and the assembly when flying the UAV a distance away from the operator or when out the UAV is out of eye sight range of the operator.

[0068] According to fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a UAV for dispersing particulate over a field, said UAV including:

a particulate dispersal assembly including:

a container for containing a particulate to be dispersed, said container configured to be carried by the UAV and having at least one opening defined in a bottom portion of the container;

[0069] The UAV may include one or more features or characteristics of the assembly and the UAV as hereinbefore described.

[0070] For example, the UAV may further include a GPS tracking unit. [0071] For example, the UAV may further include at least one camera.

[0072] Generally, the UAV may include a control for remote control of the UAV by an operator. Preferably, the control may include or be associated with at least one display for displaying location data wirelessly transmitted by the GPS tracking unit and/or image and/or video data wirelessly transmitted by the at least one camera, more preferably at least two displays.

[0073] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of dispersing a particulate over a field, said method including:

flying a UAV over the field with the particulate dispersal assembly of the first aspect being carried by the UAV; and

dispersing the particulate over the field with the particulate dispersal assembly.

[0074] The method may include one or more features or characteristics of the assembly and the UAV as hereinbefore described. [0075] The method may further include an initial step of mapping the field or fields to be traversed by the UAV and the assembly. The mapping may further include marking any potential obstacles, such as, e.g., human traffic (i.e., pickers), trees and electrical and/or telephone wires and poles. The marking may include entering location-specific information about the potential obstacles, such as, e.g., the GPS coordinates into GPS map data utilised by the operator.

[0076] The method may further include another initial step of calculating or determining a flight path, preferably including flight height, optimal for the accurate dispersal of the particulate. The calculating or determining may including accounting for weather conditions, such as, e.g., wind direction, temperature and humidity, as well as the time of day.

[0077] The flying of the UAV may preferably be remotely controlled by the operator. The flying may include use of real time visual data captured by at least one camera mounted on the assembly or the UAV. The flying may further include use of location data captured by a GPS tracking unit located on the assembly or the UAV.

[0078] Typically, the flying may follow a pre-determined flight path at a pre-determined flight height. The pre-determined flight path may include pre-determined waypoints, typically predetermined by a field scout or by computer programming.

[0079] As with the flying, the dispersing may be remotely controlled by the operator. Typically, the operator may activate the dispersing mechanism of the assembly to commence dispersal of the particulate once the UAV is flying over the crops or field to be treated.

[0080] In use, the operator may also control the flow of the particulate being dispersed by remotely adjusting the flow controller. This may be performed as an initial calibration step to determine an optimal flow rate for the particular particulate being dispersed. For example, a faster flow rate may be required for dispersal of coarser particulate whereas a slower flow rate may be required for finer particulate.

[0081] In some embodiments, the dispersing, including the control of the flow of the particulate being dispersed, may be computer controlled, e.g., by an on-board microcomputer, including one or more processors and a memory, or by an external processing device through a wireless network (e.g., Wi-Fi (WLAN) communication, RF communication, infrared communication, or Bluetooth™) as discussed above.

[0082] Any of the features described herein can be combined in any combination with any one or more of the other features described herein within the scope of the invention. [0083] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0084] Preferred features, embodiments and variations of the invention may be discerned from the following Detailed Description which provides sufficient information for those skilled in the art to perform the invention. The Detailed Description is not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the preceding Summary of Invention in any way. The Detailed Description will make reference to a number of drawings as follows:

[0085] Figure 1 is a photograph showing a perspective view of a particulate dispersal assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention being carried by a UAV;

[0086] Figure 2 is a schematic showing a side view of a dispersing mechanism and flow controller of the particulate dispersal assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 3A is a top view of the flow controller of the dispersing mechanism and flow controller shown in Figure 2;

[0088] Figure 3B is a bottom view of the flow controller shown in Figure 3A showing a first flow control member of a pair of flow control members of the flow controller; and

[0089] Figure 4 is a plan view showing a second flow control member of the pair of flow control members.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] Figure 1 shows a particulate dispersal assembly (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention being carried by a UAV (900).

[0091] The assembly (100) includes a container (110) configured to be attached to the UAV (900) and contain the particulate to be dispersed, a dispersing mechanism (120) attached to a bottom portion (114) of the container (110) for dispersing particulate that flows through a discharge opening (i.e., at least one opening; not visible) defined in the bottom portion (114) of the container (110), and a flow controller (130; shown in Figures 3A, 3B and 4), which forms part of the dispersing mechanism (120) and controls a flow rate of the particulate through the discharge opening.

[0092] Referring to Figure 1, the container (110) is in the form of a hopper having at least one sidewall (115), an upper opening (111) and the discharge opening (not visible) defined in the bottom portion (114) of the container (110). In use, the particulate is loaded in the upper opening (111) and is discharged or dispersed through the discharge opening. The container (110) is configured to hold a maximum volume of between 5 and 10 litres of particulate.

[0093] The container (110) is formed from fabric and/or plastic material or materials. The sidewall (115) of the container (110) includes opposed mesh panels (117) to allow an operator to readily determine by visual check a quantity of particulate remaining in the container (110).

[0094] The container (110) is attached to an underside of the UAV (900) such that it is suspended beneath the UAV (900). The container (110) is attached by two or more loops, bands or straps (not visible). Each loop, band or strap extends from an upper edge portion (118) of the container (110) and is fastened to, or looped or hooked over, a portion or part of the frame (910) of the UAV (900).

[0095] As shown in Figure 1, the dispersing mechanism (120), including the flow controller (not visible), is attached to the bottom portion (114) of the container (110) such that, in use, particulate flows through the discharge opening of the container (110) and the flow controller (not visible) and onto the dispersing mechanism (120).

[0096] Referring to Figure 2, the dispersing mechanism (120) includes a spinner (122), a drive shaft (124) on which the spinner (122) is mounted and an electric motor (not visible) for rotating the drive shaft (124) and spinning the spinner (122).

[0097] The dispersing mechanism (120) includes a body (125) for at least partially housing the flow controller (not visible), the spinner (122), the drive shaft (124) and the motor (not visible). The body (125) is formed from plastic and/or metal material or materials.

[0098] The flow controller (not visible) is housed within an upper portion (126) of the body (125) and the motor (not visible) and part of the drive shaft (124) are housed within a lower portion (127) of the body (125).

[0099] The spinner (122) and remaining part of the drive shaft (124) are positioned between the upper portion (126) and the lower portion (127) of the body (125) adjacent windows (128) defined in the body (125). The windows (128) extend at least partially along all sides of the body (125) between the upper portion (126) and the lower portion (127) of the body (125) and provide passage for particulate dispersed by the spinner (122).

[00100] The windows (128) are defined by four spacing members (129) each located at or near a corner of the body (125) and extending between a lower surface (142) of the upper portion (126) of the body (125) and an opposed upper surface (144) of the lower portion (127) of the body (125).

[00101] In use, particulate flows through the discharge opening of the container (not visible) and the flow controller (not visible) and onto the spinning spinner (122), which disperses the particulate through the windows (128) defined in the body (125) of the dispersing mechanism (120).

[00102] Figure 3 A shows the top (310) of the upper portion (126) of the body (125) of the dispersing mechanism (120), which abuts against and attaches to the bottom portion (not shown) of the container (not shown) adjacent the discharge opening.

[00103] The dispersing mechanism (120), including the flow controller (130), is attached to the bottom portion of the container by four threaded fasteners, which extend through openings (320) defined in or near each corner of the top (310) and within openings defined in the bottom portion (not shown) of the container (not shown).

[00104] The top (310) includes a central opening (312) sized and shaped to allow particulate to access the flow controller (130) positioned immediately beneath the top (310) of the body (125).

[00105] The flow controller (130) includes two flow control members (132) arranged parallel to one another in a surface-to-surface arrangement adjacent the discharge opening (not shown) of the container (not shown).

[00106] Figures 3 A shows an upper surface of an upper flow control member (132a) of the two flow control members (132).

[00107] Figure 3B, which shows a lower surface of the top (310) of the upper portion (126) of the body (125) of the dispersing mechanism (120), also shows an opposed lower surface of the upper flow control member (132a).

[00108] Figure 4 shows a lower flow control member (132b) of the two flow control members (132). The lower flow control member (132b) is rotationally coupled to the upper flow control member (132a; shown only in Figures 3A and 3B) about a common axis.

[00109] As shown in Figures 3 A, 3B and 4, each flow control member (132) includes plurality of crescent- shaped openings (134) of the same size and shape and arranged in the same arrangement on each flow control member (132).

[00110] When the openings (134) in the flow control members (132) at least partially align, particulate can flow through the flow controller (130) and on to the spinner (122; shown only in Figure 2) for dispersal. Conversely, when the openings (134) in either flow control member (132) are entirely obstructed by the other flow control member (132), particulate is also obstructed from flowing onto the spinner (122; shown only in Figure 2).

[00111] In use, the lower flow control member (132b; shown only in Figure 4) is rotatable relative to the upper flow control member (132a; shown in Figures 3A and 3B) between a non-flow position in which the openings (134) in the upper flow control member (132a; shown in Figures 3 A and 3B) are entirely obstructed by the lower flow control member (132b; shown only in Figure 4) and a flow position in which the openings (134) in the upper flow control member (132a; shown only in Figures 3A and 3B) and the lower flow control member (132b; shown only in Figure 4) at least partially align.

[00112] A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the size of the openings (134) can be adjusted by adjusting the alignment of the openings (134) in the upper flow control member (132a; shown only in Figures 3A and 3B) and the lower flow control member (132b; shown only in Figure 4). For example, a partial alignment of the openings (134) can be utilised to control the flow of a fine particulate whereas a complete or greater alignment of the openings (134) can be utilised to control the flow of coarser particulate.

[00113] Rotation movement of the lower flow control member (132b; shown only in Figure 4) relative to the upper flow control member (132a; shown in Figures 3A and 3B) is driven by a servomotor (350; shown only in Figure 3B), which is attached to the lower flow control member (132b; shown only in Figure 4) by a fastener connected to opening (135b) defined in outwardly extending tab portion (136b) on the lower flow control member (132b).

[00114] A method of using the particulate dispersal assembly (100) with a UAV (900) to disperse particulate on a field is now described in detail.

[00115] The method includes an initial step of mapping the field to be traversed by the UAV (900) and the assembly (100). The mapping includes marking any potential obstacles, such as, e.g., trees and electrical and/or telephone wires or poles. The marking includes entering GPS coordinates of the obstacle into GPS map data utilised by an operator of the UAV (900) and the assembly (100).

[00116] The method then includes calculating or determining a flight path and optimal flight height for the UAV (900) for the dispersal of the particulate which minimises spray drift. The calculating or determining includes accounting for weather conditions, such as, e.g., wind direction and strength, temperature and humidity, as well as the time of day.

[00117] Once all obstacles have been mapped and the flight path and optimal flight height have been calculated or determined, the UAV (900) with the assembly (100) attached is flown over the field. The UAV (900) is flown over the field along the calculated or determined flight path and at the calculated or determined flight height. The operator flies the UAV (900) and controls the operation of the assembly (100) by remotely by remote control.

[00118] Once the UAV (900) reaches a location on the field on which particulate is to be dispersed, the operator remotely activates the assembly (100) to commence dispersal of the particulate. This is achieved by remotely activating the flow controller (130) to move the flow control members (132) to the flow position and remotely activating the dispersing mechanism (120) to spin the spinner (122). Particulate contained in the container (110) of the assembly (100) can then flow through the discharge opening through the flow controller (130) and onto the spinning spinner (122) of the dispersing mechanism (120) for dispersal over the field.

[00119] While the assembly (100) disperses the particulate, the operator continues to fly the UAV (900) along the flight path calculated or determined at the flight height calculated or determined.

[00120] Once dispersal of the particulate is no longer required or if all particulate has been dispersed, the operator can remotely deactivate the assembly (100). This is achieved by deactivating the dispersing mechanism (130) to stop the spinner (122) from spinning and remotely activating the flow controller (130) to move the flow control members (132) to the non-flow position.

[00121] The operator can then remotely fly the UAV (900) to a landing position where the container (110) can be re-filled with particulate and the UAV (900) can then be returned to the field to resume dispersal of the particulate, if required. Otherwise, the assembly (100) can be detached from the UAV (900) for stowage and transit to the next job.

[00122] In the present specification and claims (if any), the word "comprising" and its derivatives including "comprises " and "comprise " include each of the stated integers but does not exclude the inclusion of one or more further integers.

[00123] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more combinations.

[00124] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to structural or methodical features. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims (if any) appropriately interpreted by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A particulate dispersal assembly for use with or when used with an unmanned aerial vehicle ("UAV") for dispersing a particulate over a field, said assembly including:

a container for containing the particulate to be dispersed, said container configured to be carried by the UAV and having at least one opening defined in a bottom portion of the container; a dispersing mechanism attached to the bottom portion of the container for dispersing particulate flowing through the at least one opening; and

2. The particulate dispersal assembly of claim 1, wherein the container includes at least one side wall, an upper opening and the at least one opening located in the bottom portion of the container.

3. The particulate dispersal assembly of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the container is detachably attached to the UAV such that it is suspended beneath the UAV.

4. The particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the container is attachable to the UAV by way of two or more loops, bands or straps that extend from a location at or near an upper portion of the container and are coupled to, looped around or hooked over a stand or frame of the UAV.

5. The particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dispersing mechanism is capable of dispersing particulate in at least a 270° arc or sweep around the UAV and the assembly.

6. The particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dispersing mechanism is capable of dispersing particulate in at least a 300° arc or sweep around the UAV and the assembly.

7. The particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the dispersing mechanism is capable of dispersing particulate in at least a 360° arc or sweep around the UAV and the assembly.

8. The particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the dispersing mechanism includes a spinner, a drive shaft on which the spinner is mounted and a motor for rotating the drive shaft and the spinner.

9. The particulate dispersal assembly of claim 8, wherein the dispersing mechanism further includes a body for at least partially housing the spinner, the drive shaft and the motor.

10. The particulate dispersal assembly of claim 9, wherein the body includes an upper portion and a lower portion and wherein the motor and part of the drive shaft are housed in the lower portion with a remainder of the drive shaft and the spinner being located between the upper portion and the lower portion adjacent windows extending along each side of the body of the dispersing mechanism between the upper portion and the lower portion for providing passage for particulate dispersed by the spinner.

11. The particulate dispersal assembly of claim 10, wherein the body includes at least four spacing members each located at or near a corner of the body of the dispersal mechanism and extending between the upper portion and the lower portion to define the windows.

12. The particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the dispersal mechanism is detachably attached to the bottom portion of the container directly adjacent the at least one opening defined in the bottom portion of the container.

13. The particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the flow controller forms part of the dispersing mechanism.

14. The particulate dispersal assembly of claim 13 when dependent on claim 10, wherein the flow controller is at least partially housed within the upper portion of the body of the dispersal mechanism.

15. The particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the flow controller includes a flow control member configured to at least partially cover or obstruct the at least one opening in the container to control a flow rate of the particulate flowing through the at least one opening.

16. The particulate dispersal assembly of claim 15, wherein the flow control member includes a plurality of openings to facilitate in the control of the flow rate of the particulate flowing through the at least one opening.

17. The particulate dispersal assembly of claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the flow controller includes at least two flow control members arranged parallel to one another in surface-to-surface arrangement adjacent the at least one opening in the container and wherein the at least two flow control members are rotatable relative to one another to control the flow rate of the particulate flowing through the at least one opening.

18. A UAV for dispersing particulate over a field, said UAV including:

a particulate dispersal assembly including:

19. A method of dispersing a particulate over a field, said method including:

flying a UAV over the field with the particulate dispersal assembly of any one of claims 1 to 17 being carried by the UAV; and

20. The method of claim 19, further including initially mapping the field to be traversed by the UAV and marking any obstacles in GPS map data utilized by an operator remotely controlling the UAV and the assembly.

Date: 27 October 2016