WO2017102480A1 - Grille de ventilation anti-intempéries - Google Patents
Grille de ventilation anti-intempéries Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017102480A1 WO2017102480A1 PCT/EP2016/079997 EP2016079997W WO2017102480A1 WO 2017102480 A1 WO2017102480 A1 WO 2017102480A1 EP 2016079997 W EP2016079997 W EP 2016079997W WO 2017102480 A1 WO2017102480 A1 WO 2017102480A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- main face
- bars
- bar
- grid according
- fins
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/082—Grilles, registers or guards
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
- E06B7/08—Louvre doors, windows or grilles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/52—Weather protecting means, e.g. against wind, rain or snow
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of ventilation grilles.
- the ventilation grids are intended to allow ventilation of equipment, by extracting or blowing air, while protecting the equipment against the weather, the risk of penetration of animals and / or projectiles, and only surge or depression waves.
- buildings of installations subject to high safety requirements such as, for example, production sites in the chemical or petrochemical industry, or nuclear production sites, must be protected from multiple potential external aggression, and in particular the following risks:
- ⁇ pressure waves for example sudden pressure due to the blast of an external explosion or depression induced by tornadoes / hurricanes or equivalent.
- the openings made in these walls such as the windows, but more particularly the openings welcoming the end of the ventilation ducts, are directly exposed. to the said aggressions and require a specific dimensioning.
- the penetration of fluids typically a rain in the liquid or solid state in the solid state
- the gel can, by partially or completely obstructing the openings, greatly reduce the efficiency of a ventilation system because of the pressure losses in particular
- an overpressure wave can cause damage to the internal circuits and ventilation units, as well as to all the equipment contained in a building,
- the depression wave of a tornado can cause effects similar to a surge wave.
- the primary function of ventilation systems is to ensure, in normal operation, the thermal conditioning of premises. In a second step, these systems must perform the renewal of the air in the premises by a circulation of this air in a set of distribution circuits. These two functions in particular guarantee the proper functioning of equipment and thus contribute to safety, especially for a nuclear production site, then to a lesser extent the comfort of staff, or even its integrity.
- protection devices of the type illustrated in the appended FIG. 1 are frequently used, comprising, to counter all the external aggressions, a complex stack of stages: an outer stage formed of grids rain 10, further preventing the entry of volatiles, a stage formed of steel bars 12 for preventing the penetration of projectiles, an anti-icing stage 14, a stage 16 formed of anti-explosion valves consisting of quick-closing valves, and then a floor register 18 anti-tornado insulation connected to a ventilation duct.
- Document DE 7534836 describes an example of a weatherproof ventilation grille comprising rigid bars and deflecting vanes.
- the present invention aims in particular to provide a new ventilation grid that allows:
- a weatherproof ventilation grille comprising:
- a series of rigid bars generally parallel to each other and not vertical, having a first leading face directed towards a first side of the gate intended to be directed towards the outside, generally parallel to the mean plane of the gate and intended to be generally vertical to the use, and two auxiliary faces converging away from the main face, defining between two adjacent bars a diverging channel of the first side to be directed outwards towards the second side of the grid to be directed inward and
- a series of deflecting fins connected respectively to the base of the main face of each bar, the fins being inclined towards the first side intended to be directed outwards, with respect to the main face, according to an inclination and a height such that the free edge of a fin is at least on the same line as a projection orthogonal to the middle plane of the grid on the upper edge of the main face of the underlying bar, or even overlaps this main face, such so that the fins form deflector and have a height greater than the distance separating the lower edge of the main face of a bar and the upper edge of the main face of the underlying bar.
- the section of the bars defining channels diverging from the outside to the inside, and therefore the edge presented by the bars inward, allows to limit the pressure losses in terms of extraction of air from the inside to the outside, while having divergents with respect to the fraction of an incident wave of pressure from outside to inside, suitable for attenuating the effects of this wave
- the generally vertical main face of the deflector / reflector bars for another fraction of the incident or object waves
- the inclined fins not only form a rain barrier but also serve as a potential deflector for part of the incident waves and object, cooperating with the main face for a return in different directions to break the incident wavefront (the fraction of a horizontal wave striking the main face is returned horizontally, while the horizontal wave fraction striking a fin is returned perpendicular to the fin, partly outward and globally upwards, and for another part towards the main face if the angle of inclination between the fins and the horizontal is adapted, typically less than 45 °, before being returned by the main face), while potentially forming "gates" capable of closing the channels between the bars, by deformation, the height of the fins being greater than the interval between two adjacent bars, in case of excessive pressure (the lower edge of a fin can in this case bear on the underlying bar).
- the invention also relates to buildings comprising at least one grid as defined above according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 previously described represents a schematic view of a system according to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 represents a partial view in a vertical sectional view of a weather-resistant grid according to the present invention
- FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 represent vertical sectional views of the section of bars according to variants of the invention
- FIG. 9 represents the pressure drop induced by a grid according to the invention as a function of the speed of the air
- FIG. 10 represents the residual pressure after a grid according to the invention as a function of the angle of the auxiliary faces of the bars with respect to the horizontal
- FIG. 11 represents the pressure drop induced by a grid according to the invention as a function of the angle of the auxiliary faces of the bars relative to the horizontal,
- FIG. 12 represents the residual pressure after a grid according to the invention as a function of the spacing between the bars
- FIG. 13 represents the pressure drop induced by a grid according to the invention as a function of the spacing between the bars
- FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 respectively represent two views in opposite perspective and a view partially in section, of a grid according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 and 18 show two variants of implantation of the grid in a non-strictly vertical arrangement.
- the weatherproof ventilation grille according to the present invention is formed by the combination of a series of bars 100 and deflector fins 200.
- a fin 200 is attached to the base of each bar 200.
- the bars 100 are preferably fixed on the uprights 310 of a frame 300. However, alternatively, it is possible to fix the bars 100 directly on the shell of a building at the level of the frame of a ventilation opening at protect.
- the fins 200 can be fixed on the uprights 310 of a frame 300. However alternatively it can be provided to fix the fins 200 directly on the shell of a building at the level of frame of a ventilation opening to protect.
- the ventilation grid according to the present invention is installed in a vertical position.
- the grid according to the invention with a certain inclination relative to the vertical (the average plane M defined by the frame is not vertical), for example in a range of +/- 20 ° relative to the vertical.
- the weather-resistant grid according to the invention will be described with reference to the vertical or semi-vertical position that it occupies in the position of use and with reference to a horizontal plane H and a vertical plane V represented on the figure 2.
- the bars 100 are rigid. They are preferably formed of metal and very preferably of steel.
- the bars 100 are parallel to each other. They are non-vertical. More precisely, the bars 100 are horizontal within +/- 10 °. In other words, each bar 100 is centered on a longitudinal axis which is horizontal when in use, within plus or minus 10 °.
- the cross section of the bars 100 is constant over their entire length. All the bars 100 preferably have an identical cross section.
- the bars 100 preferably have a generally triangular cross section.
- the bars 100 may be formed of a solid body or may be formed by assembling three welded steel sheets or strips at their adjacent edges in pairs.
- the bars 100 have a first leading face 110 and two auxiliary faces 120, 130.
- the first leading face 110 is connected to the upper auxiliary face 120 at a horizontal edge 112 and the lower auxiliary face 130 at a horizontal edge 114 as well.
- the two auxiliary faces 120 and 130 connect to each other at an inner and even horizontal edge 116.
- the distance separating the edges 116 of two adjacent bars 100 is referenced d in the appended FIG.
- the distance separating the upper edge 112 of a bar 100 and the lower edge 114 of the adjacent bar 100 is referenced h1 in the appended FIG.
- connection between the two auxiliary faces 120, 130, opposite to the main face 110 defines an inner edge.
- rod bar 116 pointed or rounded having a maximum radius of curvature of 5mm, preferably less than 3mm.
- the first leading face 110 is intended to be directed outwards. It is globally vertical. Its vertical height (or width) is referenced h2 in the appended FIG.
- the leading face 110 reflects outwardly the portion of the incident pressure waves that it receives.
- all the first attack faces 110 of the bars 100 of the same grid are coplanar and vertical.
- the two auxiliary faces 120 and 130 converge away from the main face 110.
- the two auxiliary faces 120 and 130 thus define between each pair of two adjacent bars 100, a channel 140 diverges from the outside towards the inside, and thus converges for a flow of air which, on the contrary, moves from the inside towards outside.
- the evolution of section of the channel 140 is progressive, that is to say without abrupt change, so as not to disturb the flow and optimize the pressure losses.
- the first leading face 110 is preferably flat, as illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 6 to 8.
- the cross section of the bars 100 is isosceles, its two auxiliary faces 120 and 130 having identical widths, as seen in Figure 3. More precisely still preferably the cross section of the bars 100 is equilateral, its two faces 120 and 130, as well as the first leading face 110, having identical widths as seen in Figure 2.
- the two auxiliary faces 120 and 130 may have different widths, as can be seen in FIG. 6 (the cross section of each bar remaining constant over its entire length and all the bars being of identical section).
- the two auxiliary faces 120 and 130 are preferably flat, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 6.
- They may, however, be curved concave as illustrated in FIG. 7 or curved convex as illustrated in FIG. 8.
- the deflecting fins 200 are respectively connected, for example by welding, to the base 114 of the main face 110 of each bar 100.
- the fins 200 are relatively rigid. They are preferably formed of metal and very preferably of steel.
- the fins 200 are parallel to each other.
- the cross section of the fins 200 is constant over their entire length. All the fins 200 preferably have an identical cross section.
- the fins 200 are preferably formed of a flat metal blade of constant width L and therefore have a rectilinear straight section at rest.
- each fin 200 deviates from the vertical plane of the leading face 110 on which it is connected, away from its edge. link 114 on the associated leading face 110 associated, or approaching its free edge 210.
- the inclination and height of the fins 200 are such that the free edge 210 of a fin 200 is at least on the same horizontal line that the upper edge 112 of the main face 110 of the bar 100 underlying. Where appropriate each fin 200 may overlap the main face 110 of the underlying bar 100, in a horizontal projection.
- the bars 100 can be fixed to the uprights 310 of a frame 300 whose dimensions are adapted to the size of the ventilation system.
- the upper cross member of the frame 300 is referenced 320 and the lower cross member is referenced 330.
- auxiliary faces 120 and 130 with respect to the horizontal is preferably less than 40 °, preferably less than 30 ° and very advantageously less than 25 °.
- This inclination has been calculated to facilitate the flow of fluid in normal operation when extracting air from the inside to the outside for a typical sizing flow rate of 2.5 m / s, in order to limit the pressure drops.
- the distance hl between the bars 100 is also calculated such that it prevents the penetration of projectiles, while limiting the risk of clogging by frost.
- the distance h1 separating two adjacent bars 100 is preferably less than or equal to 90 mm.
- the distance hl separating two adjacent bars 100 is between 50 and 85 mm, very advantageously between 60 and 80 mm.
- the height h2 of the main face 110 of each bar 100 is preferably greater than or equal to 70 mm.
- the height h2 of the main face 110 of each bar 100 is between 70 and 85 mm, very advantageously between 60 and 80 mm.
- the fins or leaves 200 fixed to the base of each bar 100 and preferably at their ends, to the support frame 300, by their orientation (angle ⁇ ) and their width (L), oppose the penetration of rain, while limiting the additional loss of load caused during normal operation.
- the inclination ⁇ between each fin 200 and the horizontal H is less than 50 °, preferably less than 45 ° and very advantageously less than 30 °.
- the thickness e of the steel fins 200 is dimensioned to be resistant to explosion and tornado wave variations. It is typically at least 0.8mm.
- At least some of the fins 200 are connected by a fixed connection to the base 114 of the associated bar 100.
- At least some fins 200 can be connected to the base 114 of the associated bar 100 by an articulated connection.
- the wings or wings 200 can be provided, at their connection with the base 114 of the bars 100, spring return devices, adapted to allow freedom permissible rotation, between the fins 200 and the bars 100 respectively associated, in case of high overpressure, while allowing the wings or wings 200 are folded over the openings of the channels 140 and close them, further reinforcing the protection against the said overpressure.
- the aforementioned springs ensure the return of the sails or fins 200 in the initial position, once the overpressure is complete.
- the height L of the fins 200 is greater than the interval hl. between two adjacent bars 100.
- the fins 200 by deformation or articulation, can close the channels 140 between the bars 100, the lower edge 210 of a fin 200 bearing on the underlying bar 200 .
- the weather-resistant grid according to the present invention is adapted to cover and optimize the parries with a large number of aggressions (PGVE or "Projectiles Generated by Extreme Wind", tornado, external explosion, taken in ice). It also protects ventilation systems and equipment inside a room.
- PGVE Projectiles Generated by Extreme Wind
- tornado tornado
- external explosion taken in ice
- the weather-resistant grid according to the invention makes it possible to:
- the inventors have carried out a series of parametric studies on each of the important characteristics of the grid, on the basis of the reference parameters below:
- the residual pressure value of 100OPa, downstream of the grid, is very much lower than the usual HVAC equipment holding values (2000Pa), even if we add the pressure generated by the HVAC network fan (generally 500 Pa).
- angle a The impact of the value of angle a is negligible (less than 1%) as to its ability to "break" an explosion wave.
- the value of the angle has an important role on the load losses of the grid under normal conditions from 25 °.
- FIG. 12 represents the residual pressure downstream of the grid as a function of the spacing during an explosion application simulation.
- Figure 12 reveals that in the simulation conditions selected, the aeraulic behavior of the grid against an explosion is uniform from 60mm spacing hl.
- FIG. 13 represents the load losses of the grid according to the reference in normal operation as a function of the spacing h1 between the bars 100.
- Figure 13 reveals that the more the bars 100 are tightened, the more the grid is effective against explosions (and therefore tornadoes), but also the point loss of the grid is important.
- the bars 100 must be spaced less than 80mm to hold the projectiles and PGVE projectiles "tornado steel tube 170mm diameter".
- FIGS. 9 to 13 show in solid lines, for each figure, the curve corresponding to the average of the simulation values obtained and in broken lines of the upper and lower limits of these values corresponding to ranges of possible values.
- the grids according to the invention may therefore comprise bars 100 whose leading face 110 responds to any one of these geometries, flat, convex or concave.
- the plane geometry of the leading face 110 which gives a very satisfactory result in terms of dam and reflection with respect to an explosion and the wave generated by a tornado, may be considered as preferential for a section triangular profile of the bars to the extent that such a flat face 110 has the advantage of simplicity of manufacture.
- the implantation of the fins or louvers 200 is facilitated by such a bar profile.
- the geometry of the fins 200 has also been studied.
- Rainfall is one of the basic functions of a ventilation grille.
- An optimized design of the rain vanes 200 makes it possible both to prevent rain from entering the building (even a horizontal rain) and to have a horizontal spacing sufficient to avoid significant pressure losses, typically the order of 80 mm, between the two bars.
- the structure proposed by the present invention makes it possible to benefit from the vertical face 110 of the bars 100 serving to counter explosions and tornadoes in order to redirect the rain downwards and thus to reduce by two the number of rain vanes for a gain in terms of loss of load in normal operation.
- the weather-resistant grid according to the invention can be installed on new installations, but it can also be installed in place of existing ventilation grids, for the replacement of these.
- the weatherproofing grid according to the invention can be installed on many installations, for example but not limited to installations for producing electrical energy from a nuclear power source.
- the weatherproofing grid according to the invention has previously been described with reference to the vertical or semi-vertical position that it occupies in the use position and with reference to a horizontal plane H and a vertical plane V shown in FIG. 2.
- the so-called “outside” side of the grid with reference to the position of use, the outside being the exterior of the building, corresponds to a "first side”.
- the so-called “inside” side of the grid with reference to the position of use, the interior being the interior of the building, corresponds to a "second side”.
- the average plane M of the grid may not be strictly vertical during implantation, depending on the architecture of the building.
- the main faces 110 of the bars 100 remain coplanar with each other and parallel to the average plane M of the frame 300 of the grid, as illustrated in FIG. 17, or that the main faces of the bars 110 are inclined relative to the mean plane of the frame 300, while remaining parallel to each other, but offset, so that these faces 110 remain vertical to the use, as shown in Figure 18.
- the width of the fins 200 is then adapted so that the free edge 210 of the fins is at least located on the same horizontal line as the upper edge 114 of the main face 110 of the underlying bar 100, or even be located below this line.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018531148A JP6936227B2 (ja) | 2015-12-15 | 2016-12-07 | 耐候性ファングリル |
| CN201680081772.XA CN108700331B (zh) | 2015-12-15 | 2016-12-07 | 耐候通风格栅 |
| GB1811622.8A GB2561776B (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2016-12-07 | Weatherproof fan grill |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1562389A FR3045138B1 (fr) | 2015-12-15 | 2015-12-15 | Grille de ventilation anti-intemperies |
| FR1562389 | 2015-12-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2017102480A1 true WO2017102480A1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 |
Family
ID=55752419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/079997 Ceased WO2017102480A1 (fr) | 2015-12-15 | 2016-12-07 | Grille de ventilation anti-intempéries |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6936227B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN108700331B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3045138B1 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB2561776B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017102480A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL254761B2 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2023-10-01 | Twitoplast Ltd | Air conditioning grill blades |
| CN109323335A (zh) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-12 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | 一种空调器的室内机及空调器 |
| IL309300A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2025-07-01 | Twitoplast Ltd | A grille blade for an air conditioning system and a grille that includes such blades |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7534836U (de) | 1975-11-03 | 1976-05-13 | Westfaelisches Metallwerk Franz Schneider, 3492 Brakel | Wetterschutzabdeckrost fuer zu- und abluftoeffnungen an gebaeuden |
| US20030050006A1 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-03-13 | Myint Tom H. | Security air vent |
| GB2411716A (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-07 | Levolux At Ltd | Louvre |
| GB2482129A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-25 | Vkr Holding As | Roof ventilation louvre having upward passages with concave upper surface |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS617704U (ja) * | 1984-06-19 | 1986-01-17 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 暖房装置 |
| JPH0684246U (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-12-02 | 協立エアテック株式会社 | 線状吹出口の羽根の落下防止装置 |
| JP2002122349A (ja) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-04-26 | Kyoritsu Air Tech Inc | 空気吹出口の気流調節装置 |
| WO2005003498A2 (fr) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-13 | Sassan Khajavi | Store de fenetres a lamelles orientables possedant des faces differentes |
| JP2006152886A (ja) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-15 | Toshiba Kyaria Kk | 横流ファン、空気調和機の室内機 |
| JP3159360U (ja) * | 2010-02-04 | 2010-05-20 | 勝己 岸川 | シャッター、冷却機および空調機の室外機 |
| CN101832093B (zh) * | 2010-03-18 | 2011-09-21 | 杭州欧卡索拉科技有限公司 | 三片组合式百叶片 |
| CN202090801U (zh) * | 2011-05-24 | 2011-12-28 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | 一种百叶窗 |
| CN202249627U (zh) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-05-30 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | 百叶窗 |
| CN104213821B (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-08-17 | 北京中瑞宏宇幕墙装饰工程有限公司 | 高通风高强度防风雨百页及其百叶窗 |
| CN204136765U (zh) * | 2014-09-18 | 2015-02-04 | 东风汽车公司 | 一种前面罩防弹进风格栅 |
| JP3198547U (ja) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-09 | 邦信 香西 | 雨よけブラインド |
-
2015
- 2015-12-15 FR FR1562389A patent/FR3045138B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-12-07 WO PCT/EP2016/079997 patent/WO2017102480A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-07 CN CN201680081772.XA patent/CN108700331B/zh active Active
- 2016-12-07 JP JP2018531148A patent/JP6936227B2/ja active Active
- 2016-12-07 GB GB1811622.8A patent/GB2561776B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7534836U (de) | 1975-11-03 | 1976-05-13 | Westfaelisches Metallwerk Franz Schneider, 3492 Brakel | Wetterschutzabdeckrost fuer zu- und abluftoeffnungen an gebaeuden |
| US20030050006A1 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-03-13 | Myint Tom H. | Security air vent |
| GB2411716A (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-07 | Levolux At Ltd | Louvre |
| GB2482129A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-25 | Vkr Holding As | Roof ventilation louvre having upward passages with concave upper surface |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2561776B (en) | 2021-03-10 |
| JP6936227B2 (ja) | 2021-09-15 |
| FR3045138B1 (fr) | 2017-12-15 |
| GB201811622D0 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
| FR3045138A1 (fr) | 2017-06-16 |
| CN108700331B (zh) | 2021-02-02 |
| CN108700331A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
| GB2561776A (en) | 2018-10-24 |
| JP2018537648A (ja) | 2018-12-20 |
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