WO2017101809A1

WO2017101809A1 - Air-pressure bursting processing of ganoderma lucidum spores

Info

Publication number: WO2017101809A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/110089
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘东波; 王靖; 赖锡湖
Original assignee: 刘东波
Priority date: 2015-12-16
Filing date: 2016-12-15
Publication date: 2017-06-22
Also published as: CN105343137A

Abstract

A method for processing Ganoderma lucidum spores through air-pressure bursting. Unbroken Ganoderma lucidum spores are maintained in an atmosphere of a first pressure during the first time, and the first pressure is reduced to a second pressure during the second time, so that holes on walls of the Ganoderma lucidum spores are enlarged and/or increased, but the spore walls are not broken.

Description

Gas explosion treatment of Ganoderma lucidum spores

Technical field

The invention relates to a gas explosion treatment method for ganoderma spores, which is to pressurize the unbroken ganoderma spores and then instantly release the pressure.

Background technique

Ganoderma lucidum spores are germ cells of about 5-8 μm which are ejected from the caps after the growth of mature ganoderma lucidum, and are visually powdered, commonly known as "Ganoderma lucidum spore powder". Ganoderma lucidum spores contain almost all types of active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum, and their contents include Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, fatty acids, nucleosides, and trace elements. Since the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores is composed of chitin and is extremely difficult to be digested by human stomach acid, it is generally believed that although the unbroken Ganoderma lucidum spores can be stored for several years to ensure quality, only the spore wall is opened, and the spore wall is tight. The wrapped active ingredients are better absorbed by the body.

Currently used ganoderma spore breaking methods mainly include physical, chemical or biological methods. The physical method will produce local high temperature in the process of breaking the wall, thereby increasing the volatilization and oxidative deterioration of the ganoderma spore contents, resulting in loss of function. In the ultra-low temperature physical method developed to overcome the high temperature, the investment in equipment is too high; The method is easy to cause the denaturation and reaction loss of the ganoderma spore contents, and the problem of chemical residue; the biological method also has the disadvantages of incomplete treatment, residual bio-enzyme or yeast, etc., which are difficult to separate and add new unnecessary components.

All of these methods of breaking the wall damage the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores, so that the contents of Ganoderma lucidum spores are exposed, which is very likely to cause oxidative deterioration of the inclusions, which is very unfavorable for the preservation of Ganoderma lucidum spores.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a method of gas bursting a ganoderma spore. There are some tiny pits in the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores (see, for example, Cui Ning et al., Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, Natural Science Edition, 2005, Vol. 31, No. 6, 798). After gas explosion treatment, The pits on the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum increase and/or increase, but the integrity of the spore wall is not destroyed, which can promote the release of the contents of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum without excessive exposure of the contents, thereby being effective. It reduces the damage of light, oxygen and heat to the inclusions and prolongs its shelf life. It also has the advantages of simple and convenient, low loss and complete function retention.

As used herein, "gas burst method" means maintaining a dwell time (ie, a first time) in an atmosphere of a first pressure, and then instantaneously relieving pressure to a second pressure during a gas explosion time (ie, a second time), This produces a gas explosion effect, which increases and/or increases the pores on the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores, but the spore wall is not broken. In the first pressure atmosphere, the gas can enter the interior of the spore wall of the Ganoderma lucidum spore. When the gas bursts, the gas expands instantaneously, and the mechanical work is replaced by thermal work. Many holes are opened on the wall of the ganoderma spores (see Fig. 1), so that the ganoderma spore contents are released more easily. However, the first pressure should not be sufficient to cause the spore wall of the ganoderma spore to split or break. Therefore, the ganoderma spores are not seriously damaged in physical structure like the traditional method of breaking the wall, but the original frame is maintained, but a channel for releasing the contents of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum appears on the spore wall. In this process, the gas explosion time has nothing to do with the absolute value of the pressure, and it has nothing to do with the amount of charge and the volume. Due to the mechanical work of thermal work, the spores of Ganoderma lucidum spores have a significant temperature drop compared with the spores of Ganoderma lucidum in the atmosphere at the first pressure, for example, from a high temperature above 190 ° C or a higher temperature to below 55 ° C, for example Below 50 ° C, or below 45 ° C, even down to 30 ° C or 20 ° C.

Herein, the "first pressure" is not particularly limited as long as a sufficient pressure difference can be generated with the second pressure to increase and/or increase the number of pits on the spore wall. Of course, the first pressure need not be so large as to directly crush the spore wall. Thus, the first pressure can be any value ranging from 1.0 MPa up to hundreds of megapascals (MPa). In a specific embodiment of the present application, a steam explosion blasting machine is used to implement the gas explosion treatment method of the present application, and the pressure can be as high as about 5.0 MPa. Therefore, the first pressure in the specific embodiment of the present application may range from 1.0 to 5.0. MPa, preferably 1.0 to 4.0 MPa, 1.0 to 3.0 MPa, 1.0 to 2.8 MPa, 1.0 to 2.5 MPa, 1.0 to 2.2 MPa, 1.0 to 2.0 MPa, 2.0 to 3.0 MPa, 2.0 to 2.8 MPa, 2.0 to 2.5 MPa, 2.5 to ～ 3.0 MPa, or 2.5 to 2.8 MPa, for example, 2.5 MPa, 2.6 MPa, 2.7 MPa, or 2.8 MPa, but it is obvious that the first pressure of the present application is not limited thereto.

In order to facilitate the entry of gas into the ganoderma spore, the dwell time of the first pressure can be regulated. In this context, "holding time" is used interchangeably with "first time", and in general, the length of dwell time is primarily affected by the magnitude of the first pressure. The greater the first pressure, the shorter the dwell time. Professionals can choose from a wide range of time based on experience and do not need to be very precise. From the point of view of equipment investment, it is industrially acceptable to take a few minutes to several hours of holding time under the condition that the first pressure is not large and the equipment requirements are not very strict. Of course, if there is a more sophisticated high pressure / ultra high pressure equipment, the dwell time can be further shortened, for example, any value in the range of 1-60 seconds. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first pressure is 1 to 5 MPa, and the dwell time is selected to be in the range of about 100 to 500 seconds; in a more preferred embodiment, the dwell time is about 120 to 240. The range of seconds is, for example, 120 seconds or 180 seconds; however, it is not limited thereto.

Herein, the "second pressure" is also not particularly limited as long as a sufficient pressure difference with the first pressure is generated, so that the pits on the spore wall are increased and/or increased. In a particular embodiment, the second pressure is atmospheric pressure.

In the present application, the pressure difference between the first pressure and the second pressure is not less than 0.9 MPa, preferably not less than 1.9 MPa, more preferably not less than 2.9 MPa, but is not limited thereto, for example, when the first pressure is as high as "hundred megapascals" On the order of magnitude, if the second pressure is still atmospheric, the pressure difference is also on the order of "hundred megapascals".

As used herein, "air burst time" and "first time" are used interchangeably and refer to the time taken by the first pressure to instantaneously depressurize to the second pressure, which is in the range of milliseconds. The burst time should be as short as possible, preferably no more than 500 milliseconds, for example, no more than 400 milliseconds, no more than 300 milliseconds, no more than 200 milliseconds, no more than 150 milliseconds, no more than 120 milliseconds, no more than 100 milliseconds, no more than 90 milliseconds , no more than 80 milliseconds, no more than 60 milliseconds, no more than 40 milliseconds, no more than 20 milliseconds, no more than 10 milliseconds, no more than 9 milliseconds, no more than 8.75 milliseconds, no more than 8 milliseconds, no more than 7 milliseconds, no more than 6 milliseconds , no more than 5 milliseconds, no more than 4 milliseconds, no more than 3 milliseconds, no more than 2 milliseconds, no more than 1 millisecond. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the shortest air explosion time of the device used can be about 5 milliseconds, so the gas explosion time is in the range of 5 to 200 milliseconds, preferably 5 to 150 milliseconds, 5 to 120 milliseconds, 5 to 100 milliseconds, 5 ~80 milliseconds, 5 to 60 milliseconds, 5 to 40 milliseconds, 5 to 20 milliseconds, 5 to 10 milliseconds, especially 8.75 milliseconds, but is not limited thereto.

In a preferred embodiment, the first pressure atmosphere is a water vapor atmosphere. In a more specific embodiment, the water vapor is produced by heating the water. For example, in one embodiment, the water is heated in a pressure boiler to about 2.0-2.5 MPa, and the steam is introduced into a container loaded with ganoderma spores and heated continuously to increase the pressure inside the container to 2.8 MPa, or 3 MPa, or even 4 MPa. During this process, the gas can be forced into the wall space through the pits of the ganoderma spore wall. Once the pressure in the vessel reaches a predetermined value, such as 2.8 MPa or 3 MPA, the pressure can be relieved instantaneously. Therefore, the gas explosion method of the present application can be directly implemented by a common steam blasting machine or other named equipment of the same principle.

In a further preferred embodiment, the unbroken Ganoderma lucidum spores are soaked in water prior to pressurization, for example 2 to 20 h in water, to impart a certain amount of moisture inside the spores. When the first pressure is maintained by heating in a closed container, the moisture inside the spores is vaporized by heat, generating water vapor, which is more conducive to punching out the original pits and/or creating new pits.

Ganoderma lucidum spores can be taken directly, but can be dried for long-term storage.

The method of the present application can significantly increase the release of ganoderma spore contents. The Ganoderma lucidum spores treated by the method of the present invention have a significantly higher content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes than the untreated Ganoderma lucidum spores.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1: The left picture shows the untreated Ganoderma lucidum spores. The right picture shows the Ganoderma lucidum spores treated by this application. Compared with the left picture, the holes on the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores are obviously increased, and the diameter of some holes is increased, but The spore wall remains intact and not broken.

Example

Equipment and methods

Equipment : The steam blasting machine is the QBS-80 model of the Hedo City Zhengdao Heavy Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Factory. According to the description of the manual, the gas explosion time can reach 0.00875s (seconds).

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide test method : reference, for example, Wang Guangya, editor, "Health Food Food Ingredients Detection Method", January 2002, first edition, page 19, spectrophotometric determination of crude polysaccharide content.

Ganoderma lucidum test method : reference, for example, Gong Xiaofeng et al., Natural Product Research and Development, 2006, 18: 825-829.

Example 1

1Kg of Ganoderma lucidum spores were put into a steam blasting machine, and steam was introduced to maintain the pressure of 2.8 MPa. After 120 s, the pressure was released, the spores were taken out, and dried to obtain a finished product.

It was determined that the content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (W/W) increased by 32.0% compared with untreated after application of the sample treated by the present invention; the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid content (W/W) was increased by 92.0% compared with the untreated Ganoderma lucidum spore.

Example 2

1Kg Ganoderma lucidum spores were soaked in water for 8 hours, put into a steam blasting machine, and steamed, and the pressure was maintained at 2.5 MPa. After 240 s, the pressure was released, the spores were taken out, and dried, and the finished product was obtained.

It was determined that the content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (W/W) increased by 69.7% compared with the untreated sample by the sample treated by the present invention; the Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid content (W/W) was increased by 133.3% compared with the untreated Ganoderma lucidum spore.

Claims

The gas explosion treatment method of the ganoderma spores is to maintain the unbroken ganoderma spores in the first pressure atmosphere in the first time, and then release the pressure to the second pressure in the second time, so that the ganoderma spore spore wall The holes are enlarged and/or increased, but the spore walls are not broken.
The method of claim 1 wherein the second time is no more than 500 milliseconds.
The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the pressure difference between the first pressure and the second pressure is at least 0.9 MPa.
The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first pressure is 1.0 to 5.0 MPa.
The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first pressure atmosphere is a water vapor atmosphere.
The method of any of claims 4-5, wherein the first time is in the range of 100-500 seconds.
The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ganoderma lucidum spores are first soaked in water and then placed in a first pressure atmosphere.
Ganoderma lucidum spores are the products of the method of any of claims 1-7.
The gas explosion method is for treating the use of an unbroken ganoderma spore, which is maintained in a first pressure atmosphere for a first time, and then instantaneously released to a second pressure in a second time, so that The pores on the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum are enlarged and/or increased.