WO2017098787A1 - Système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide et procédé de ventilation pour un système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide et procédé de ventilation pour un système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017098787A1
WO2017098787A1 PCT/JP2016/079122 JP2016079122W WO2017098787A1 WO 2017098787 A1 WO2017098787 A1 WO 2017098787A1 JP 2016079122 W JP2016079122 W JP 2016079122W WO 2017098787 A1 WO2017098787 A1 WO 2017098787A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
fuel cell
solid oxide
cell system
oxide fuel
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PCT/JP2016/079122
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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鈴木　健太
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日産自動車株式会社
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a ventilation method for the fuel cell system.
  • SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solid oxide fuel cell system for ventilating a fuel cell while suppressing leakage of anode gas, and a ventilation method for the solid oxide fuel cell system.
  • a solid oxide fuel cell system includes a fuel cell to which a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas are supplied, and a stack case in which a ventilation gas that houses the fuel cell and ventilates the periphery of the fuel cell flows.
  • An exhaust combustor that introduces fuel off-gas and oxidant off-gas discharged from the fuel cell and burns the mixed gas; and a connection path that introduces the ventilation gas discharged from the stack case into the exhaust combustor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stack case constituting the solid oxide fuel cell system of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a control process at the time of starting the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the control process when the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment is stopped.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart (No. 1) of a control process at the time of starting the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart (No. 2) of the control process at the time of starting the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the first embodiment.
  • the solid oxide fuel cell system (hereinafter referred to as fuel cell system 10) includes a fuel supply system that supplies anode gas (fuel gas) to the fuel cell stack 12, and a system activation system that activates the fuel cell system 10.
  • the system includes a system and a drive system that extracts power from the fuel cell stack 12 to obtain power.
  • the fuel supply system includes a fuel tank 20, a filter 22, a pump 24, an evaporator 32, a heat exchanger 34, a reformer 36, and the like.
  • the system activation system includes a diffusion combustor 52, a catalytic combustor 56, and the like.
  • the air supply system includes a filter 38, a compressor 40, a heat exchanger 50, and the like.
  • the exhaust system includes an exhaust combustor 50 and the like.
  • the drive system includes a DC-DC converter 68, a battery 70, a drive motor 72, and the like.
  • the fuel cell system 10 also includes a control unit 78 that controls the operation of the entire system.
  • the fuel cell stack 12, the stack case 14, the evaporator 32, the heat exchanger 34, the reformer 36, the heat exchanger 50, the diffusion combustor 52, the catalytic combustor 56, and the exhaust combustor 58 are It is accommodated in the heat insulating member 30 to reduce the release of heat to the outside and suppress the respective temperature drop during normal power generation.
  • the fuel cell stack 12 is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell), and an anode gas (fuel) that is formed by reforming an electrolyte layer formed of a solid oxide such as ceramic by a reformer 36.
  • SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  • a cell obtained by being sandwiched between an anode (fuel electrode) to which gas is supplied and a cathode (air electrode) to which air containing oxygen is supplied as a cathode gas (oxidizing gas) is laminated.
  • the fuel cell stack 12 generates electricity by reacting hydrogen contained in the anode gas with oxygen contained in the cathode gas, and discharges the anode off-gas and cathode off-gas generated after the reaction.
  • the fuel cell stack 12 (manifold) has a path 26A for supplying anode gas to the fuel cell stack 12, a combustion gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 at startup, and a cathode gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 during normal power generation.
  • 42A the anode off-gas (fuel off-gas) discharged from the fuel cell stack 12 is introduced into the exhaust combustor 58, and the cathode off-gas (oxidized off-gas) discharged from the fuel cell stack 12 is introduced into the exhaust combustor 58.
  • the route 42D to be connected is connected.
  • a shutoff valve 62 is attached to the path 26E.
  • the shut-off valve 62 is normally open, but closes the path 26E when the fuel cell system 10 is stopped.
  • the cathode off gas or the like is prevented from flowing back into the path 26E via the exhaust combustor 58, and the deterioration of the anode is suppressed.
  • the stack case 14 accommodates the fuel cell stack 12.
  • the stack case 14 is connected to a path 42C for introducing ventilation gas and a connection path 60 for introducing the ventilation gas (air) discharged from the fuel cell stack 12 to the exhaust combustor 58.
  • the periphery of the stack 12 can be ventilated with ventilation gas.
  • the paths 26A, 42A, 26E, and 42D described above pass through the stack case 14.
  • the fuel tank 20 stores reforming fuel made of, for example, a liquid obtained by mixing ethanol and water, and the pump 24 sucks the reforming fuel and supplies the reforming fuel to the fuel supply system at a constant pressure. Supply.
  • the filter 22 is disposed between the fuel tank 20 and the pump 24 and removes dust in the reforming fuel sucked by the pump 24.
  • a path 26 for supplying reforming fuel from the fuel tank 20 supplies a path 26A for supplying reforming fuel to the evaporator 32, and a heating fuel (reforming fuel is used) for the diffusion combustor 52.
  • An open / close valve 28 that can open and close the flow path of the path 26A is attached to the path 26A.
  • an on-off valve 28B is attached to the path 26B
  • an on-off valve 28C is attached to the path 26C
  • an on-off valve 28D is attached to the path 26D.
  • Open / close valves 28B, 28C, and 28D open the paths 26B, 26C, and 26D when the fuel cell system 10 is started to flow the heating fuel, and close the paths 26B, 26C, 26C, and 26D when the start-up is completed. Further, the opening / closing valve 28A closes the path 26A at the time of activation, but opens the path 26A to allow the reforming fuel to flow at the end of activation.
  • the evaporator 32 vaporizes the reforming fuel using the heat of the exhaust gas exhausted from the exhaust combustor 58.
  • the heat exchanger 34 is supplied with heat from the exhaust combustor 58, and further heats the vaporized reforming fuel for reforming in the reformer 36.
  • the reformer 36 reforms the reforming fuel into an anode gas containing hydrogen by a catalytic reaction and supplies the reformed fuel to the fuel cell stack 12 (fuel electrode).
  • the compressor 40 takes in outside air through the filter 38 and supplies air to the fuel cell stack 12 and the like.
  • a relief valve 44 is attached to the path 42 for supplying the air discharged from the compressor 40.
  • the path 42 is opened so that the compressor 40 is not subjected to a load exceeding a certain level. ing.
  • the above-described path 42 branches into a path 42A for supplying air to the heat exchanger 50, a path 42B for supplying air to the catalytic combustor 56, and a path 42C for supplying air to the stack case 14.
  • a throttle 46A (flow rate adjusting unit) is attached to the path 42A, a throttle 46B is attached to the path 42B, and a throttle 46C is attached to the path 42C so that the flow rate of air can be adjusted.
  • a backfire prevention device 48 for stopping the flame is attached at a position downstream of the air in each path.
  • the throttle 46B supplies a constant amount of air to the catalytic combustor 56 when the fuel cell stack 12 is activated, but closes the path 42B after the activation is completed.
  • the heat exchanger 50 heats the air for the combustion gas or the air for the cathode gas using the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust combustor 58.
  • the diffusion combustor 52 is supplied with air heated by the heat exchanger 50 and heating fuel supplied from the path 26B and heated by the electric heater 54, and mixes both. . Then, a mixture of air and heating fuel is ignited by an ignition device attached to the diffusion combustor 52 to form a preheating burner for the catalytic combustor 56. After the start-up, the air supplied from the heat exchanger 50 is supplied to the catalytic combustor 56.
  • the catalyst combustor 56 generates a high-temperature combustion gas using a catalyst and a preheating burner at the time of startup.
  • combustion gas air is supplied via the path 42B, and heating fuel is supplied from the path 26C, and both are mixed in contact with the catalyst.
  • a large amount of combustion gas is produced
  • This combustion gas does not contain oxygen and is mainly composed of an inert gas.
  • the combustion gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 (cathode) and heats the fuel cell stack 12. Further, the heat of the combustion gas propagates into the heat insulating member 30 to heat the reformer 36 and the like. After the start-up is completed, the generation of the combustion gas is completed, and the air that has passed through the heat exchanger 50 and the diffusion combustor 52 is continuously used as the cathode gas and supplied to the fuel cell stack 12.
  • the exhaust combustor 58 mixes the anode off-gas and the cathode off-gas and catalytically combusts the mixed gas to generate exhaust gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide and water, and also transfers heat from the catalytic combustion to the heat exchanger 34. To do. Further, the exhaust combustor 58 introduces the ventilation gas discharged from the stack case 14 as a combustion promoting gas and burns it with the above-mentioned mixed gas. Therefore, the exhaust combustor 58 is connected to a path 26E for introducing the discharged anode off gas, a path 42D for introducing the discharged cathode off gas, and a connection path 60 for introducing the discharged ventilation gas.
  • the exhaust combustor 58 is connected to an exhaust path 64 for exhausting the exhaust gas after combustion.
  • the exhaust path 64 passes through the evaporator 32 and the heat exchanger 50 and is connected to a muffler (not shown). Therefore, the evaporator 32 and the heat exchanger 50 are heated by the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust combustor 58 When the fuel cell system 10 is activated, the exhaust combustor 58 is supplied with the heating fuel supplied from the path 26D and heated by the electric heater 66, and the combustion gas that has passed through the fuel cell stack 12 and the stack case 14 The exhaust gas that has been exhausted and introduced from the connection path 60 is mixed and the exhaust combustor 58 is heated by a catalytic reaction.
  • the exhaust combustor 58 burns and heats fuel, oxygen is required.
  • combustion gas without oxygen is introduced at the time of start-up, it is difficult to combust only by mixing the heating fuel introduced into the exhaust combustor 58 with the combustion gas.
  • the anode off-gas and the cathode off-gas can be mixed and burned, but when the oxygen in the cathode off-gas is insufficient, it cannot be burned sufficiently. Therefore, conventionally, a separate bypass path for connecting the compressor 40 and the exhaust combustor 58 is provided to supply the combustion promoting gas (oxygen) to the exhaust combustor 58, and the exhaust combustor 58 is sufficient at startup and normal power generation. Was able to burn.
  • ventilation gas is introduced into the exhaust combustor 58. That is, in the present embodiment, the connection destination of the above-described bypass path is switched to the stack case 14 to be the path 42C, and the stack case 14 (exhaust hole 18) and the exhaust combustor 58 are connected by the connection path 60. Have.
  • the ventilation gas not only provides ventilation around the fuel cell stack 12 and cooling of the fuel cell stack 12 during stop control, which will be described later, but also oxygen for promoting combustion to the exhaust combustor 58 and the fuel cell stack. Thus, the anode gas leaked from 12 is supplied.
  • the DC-DC converter 68 is connected to the fuel cell stack 12 and boosts the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 12 to supply power to the battery 70 or the drive motor 72.
  • the battery 70 charges power supplied from the DC-DC converter 68 and supplies power to the drive motor 72.
  • the drive motor 72 is connected to the battery 70 and the DC-DC converter 68 via an inverter (not shown), and serves as a power source for the vehicle. Further, when the vehicle is braked, the drive motor 72 generates regenerative power, which can be charged to the battery 70.
  • a detection sensor 74 for detecting the anode gas leaked from the fuel cell stack 12 is attached to the connection path 60 or the stack case 14.
  • the detection sensor 74 is preferably one that detects hydrogen, which is the main component of the anode gas.
  • the detection sensor 74 may detect oxygen partial pressure. If the partial pressure of oxygen drops below a predetermined value, it can be determined that the anode gas has leaked accordingly.
  • a wattmeter 76 is attached to a circuit connecting the fuel cell stack 12 and the DC-DC converter 68.
  • the wattmeter 76 measures the power output from the fuel cell stack 12, but if the power drops below a predetermined value during normal power generation of the fuel cell system 10, it is determined that the anode gas has leaked accordingly. Can do.
  • the control unit 78 includes a general-purpose electronic circuit including a microcomputer, a microprocessor, and a CPU and peripheral devices, and executes a process for controlling the fuel cell system 10 by executing a specific program.
  • a circuit that applies a bias having a polarity opposite to that of the electromotive force of the fuel cell stack 12 is connected, and the control unit 78 is connected to the fuel cell stack 12 during stop control described later.
  • the circuit may be switch-controlled so that the bias is applied so that deterioration of the anode can be suppressed.
  • an introduction hole 16 for introducing ventilation gas is formed in the lower part of the stack case 14, and an exhaust hole 18 for discharging ventilation gas is formed in the upper part.
  • the introduction hole 16 is connected to a path 42C for supplying ventilation gas
  • the exhaust hole 18 is connected to a connection path 60 connected to the exhaust combustor 58.
  • the introduction hole 16 and the exhaust hole 18 are attached so that a line connecting the introduction hole 16 and the exhaust hole 18 passes through the inside of the stack case 14.
  • the stack case 14 is a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG. 2
  • the introduction hole 16 and the exhaust hole 18 are arranged at the corner of the rectangular parallelepiped, and the line connecting the introduction hole 16 and the exhaust hole 18 is centered on the rectangular parallelepiped. What is necessary is just to make it the diagonal line which passes. As a result, the distance from the introduction hole 16 to the exhaust hole 18 is maximized, and ventilation can be efficiently ventilated with less uneven ventilation.
  • the stack case 14 includes a path 26A for supplying anode gas to the fuel cell stack 12, a path 42A for discharging combustion gas or cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 12, a path 26E for discharging anode off-gas from the fuel cell stack 12, and a fuel cell.
  • a path 42D for discharging the cathode off-gas from the stack 12 penetrates.
  • route in the fuel cell stack 12 (manifold) can be designed arbitrarily. Therefore, the penetration position of the stack case 14 in each path can be arbitrarily designed.
  • step S101 the control unit 78 starts the compressor 40 and opens the throttles 46A, 46B, and 46C at a constant opening degree.
  • air combustion gas
  • step S102 the control unit 78 activates the pump 24 and the diffusion combustor 52 (ignition device) and opens the on-off valves 28B, 28C, and 28D.
  • the heating fuel is supplied to the diffusion combustor 52, the catalytic combustor 56, and the exhaust combustor 58.
  • a preheating burner is formed in the diffusion combustor 52, combustion gas is generated in the catalytic combustor 56 using the preheating burner, and the combustion gas passes through the fuel cell stack 12 to heat the fuel cell stack 12. Further, the combustion gas that has passed through the fuel cell stack 12 and the ventilation gas that has passed through the stack case 14 are introduced into the exhaust combustor 58, and the exhaust combustor 58 is heated by catalytic combustion with the fuel for heating, so that the heat exchanger 34 is Heated. Further, the evaporator 32 and the heat exchanger 50 are heated by the exhaust gas from the exhaust combustor 58.
  • step S103 the control unit 78 determines whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 has reached the operating temperature necessary for power generation.
  • a temperature sensor is disposed in a path 42D through which the combustion gas is discharged from the fuel cell stack 12, and when the temperature of the combustion gas exceeds a certain value, the fuel cell stack. It may be determined that 12 has reached the operating temperature.
  • the evaporator 32, the heat exchanger 34, and the reformer 36 also originally need to determine whether or not they have reached an appropriate temperature for satisfactorily reforming the reforming fuel. It is not necessary when the time for reaching the appropriate temperature is shorter than the time for the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 to reach the operating temperature.
  • step S104 the control unit 78 stops the diffusion combustor 52, the throttle 46B, the on-off valves 28B, 28C, 28D is closed and the on-off valve 28A is opened.
  • the reforming fuel from the fuel tank 20 passes through the evaporator 32, the heat exchanger 34, and the reformer 36 to become anode gas (fuel gas), and this anode gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 (anode).
  • air is continuously supplied from the path 46A and heated by the heat exchanger 50, and supplied to the fuel cell stack 12 as cathode gas (oxidizing gas). Then, when the electrochemical reaction by the anode gas and the cathode gas starts in the fuel cell stack 12, normal power generation is performed, and the start-up control ends.
  • an electromotive force is generated by an electrochemical reaction to supply power to the DC-DC converter 68, and the anode off-gas and cathode off-gas used for the electrochemical reaction are exhausted. It is introduced into the combustor 58. Further, ventilation gas discharged from the stack case 14 is also introduced into the exhaust combustor 58. And it burns in the state where anode off gas, cathode off gas, and ventilation gas (air) were mixed, and becomes exhaust gas, and this heats evaporator 32 and heat exchanger 50.
  • the control unit 78 detects that the partial pressure of oxygen detected by the detection sensor 74 becomes a constant value (partial pressure corresponding to the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere).
  • the electric power detected by the wattmeter 76 exceeds a certain value, it is determined that the anode gas leakage has stopped for some reason, and control is performed to return the opening of the throttle 46C to the original opening.
  • step S201 the control unit 78 stops the pump 24 and closes the on-off valve 28A.
  • the control unit 78 closes the shut-off valve 62, prevents the backflow of the gas containing oxygen in the path 26E, and suppresses deterioration of the anode.
  • step S202 the control unit 78 increases the opening degree of the throttle 46A by a certain amount (the opening degree may be maintained), and uses the air used as the cathode gas as the cooling gas and the fuel cell stack 12 from the inside. Cooling. At the same time, the control unit 78 increases the opening degree of the throttle 46C by a certain amount (the opening degree may be maintained), and cools the fuel cell stack 12 from the outside using the air used as the ventilation gas as the cooling gas.
  • step S203 the controller 78 measures the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12, and determines whether or not the temperature has decreased to a predetermined temperature, that is, a temperature at which the anode does not deteriorate. If the controller 78 determines that the temperature has become equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature in step S203, the controller 78 stops the compressor 40 and closes the throttles 46A and 46C in step S204. This terminates the stop control.
  • the shut-off valve 62 may be opened, but if it is kept closed, it is opened at the next start-up.
  • the fuel cell system 10 of the first embodiment includes a connection path 60 that introduces ventilation gas discharged from the exhaust hole 18 of the stack case 14 that houses the fuel cell stack 12 into the exhaust combustor 58.
  • the ventilation gas that has ventilated the inside of the stack case 14 is introduced into the exhaust combustor 58. Therefore, even if the anode gas (fuel gas) leaks from the fuel cell stack 12, the leaked anode gas can be burned by the exhaust combustor 58, so that leakage of the anode gas to the outside can be suppressed.
  • the exhaust combustor 58 requires an oxygen (combustion promoting gas) supply path, but the supply path also becomes a ventilation path (path 42C) simply by passing the supply path through the stack case 14. In addition, it is not necessary to provide a new ventilation path, and an increase in cost can be suppressed.
  • the control unit 78 performs control to increase the flow rate of the ventilation gas with respect to the throttle 46C. Thereby, ventilation in stack case 14 can be performed efficiently.
  • the controller 78 performs control to increase the flow rates of the ventilation gas (cooling gas) and the cathode gas (cooling gas) with respect to the throttle 46A and the throttle 46C. Thereby, the flow rate of the ventilation gas and the cathode gas used as the cooling gas can be increased and the fuel cell stack 12 can be efficiently cooled.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system of the second embodiment.
  • the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted unless necessary.
  • the fuel cell system 10A of the second embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that the ventilation system, that is, the path 42C for ventilating the stack case 14 is independent of the air supply system (compressor 40) and is connected to the compressor 41. Different from the battery system 10.
  • the compressor 41 introduces outside air through the filter 38, and a relief valve 44 is provided in the path 42C.
  • the control of the compressor 41 by the controller 78 is controlled in synchronization with the compressor 40.
  • the operation of the fuel cell system 10A is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the burden on the compressor 40 can be reduced by configuring the ventilation gas supply source (compressor 41) and the oxidizing gas supply source (compressor 40) to be different from each other.
  • the ventilation gas supply path 42C is branched from the cathode gas supply paths 42A and 42B.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the solid oxide fuel cell system of the third embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system 10B of the third embodiment is a heater that heats the exhaust combustor 58 by omitting components (path 26D, on-off valve 28D) that supply fuel to the exhaust combustor 58.
  • 67 heating unit
  • the heater 67 is disposed in the heat insulating member 30 and is heated by various heating methods such as resistance heating and induction heating, and is heated adjacent to or in contact with the exhaust combustor 58.
  • the heater 67 heats (warms up) the exhaust combustor 58 to a temperature at which catalytic combustion is possible, and is driven and controlled by the controller 78 (warm-up controller).
  • the exhaust gas is supplied after the exhaust combustor 58 reaches a predetermined temperature at which catalytic combustion is possible, and the anode gas leaked into the ventilation gas can be surely combusted even at startup. Yes.
  • the exhaust combustor 58 is heated by the heater 67 and is also heated by the combustion gas at startup. Therefore, the case where the exhaust combustor 58 is heated by the heater 67 and the combustion gas (FIG. 7) and the case where it is heated only by the combustion gas (FIG. 8) will be described.
  • step S101A the control unit 78 starts the compressor 40 and the heater 67, and opens the throttles 46A and 46B at a constant opening degree.
  • air combustion gas
  • step S101A the control unit 78 starts the compressor 40 and the heater 67, and opens the throttles 46A and 46B at a constant opening degree.
  • air combustion gas
  • step S101A the control unit 78 starts the compressor 40 and the heater 67, and opens the throttles 46A and 46B at a constant opening degree.
  • air combustion gas
  • the exhaust combustor 58 starts to be heated (warmed up) by the heater 67.
  • step S102A the controller 78 activates the pump 24 and the diffusion combustor 52 and opens the on-off valves 28B and 28C.
  • the heating fuel is supplied to the diffusion combustor 52 (heating unit) and the catalytic combustor 56 (heating unit) to generate combustion gas as described above, and the combustion gas passes through the fuel cell stack 12.
  • the fuel cell stack 12 is heated.
  • the combustion gas that has passed through the fuel cell stack 12 is introduced into the exhaust combustor 58 via the connection path 60, and the exhaust combustor 58 is heated by the heater 67 and the combustion gas.
  • step S102B the controller 78 determines whether or not the exhaust combustor 58 has reached a predetermined temperature at which catalytic combustion is possible.
  • the temperature of the exhaust combustor 58 can be detected based on the temperature in the vicinity of the cathode offgas inlet of the exhaust combustor 58 or the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust path 64 downstream of the exhaust combustor 58.
  • step S102B when the control unit 78 determines that the exhaust combustor 58 has reached a predetermined temperature at which catalytic combustion is possible, in step S102C, the control unit 78 stops the heater 67 and opens the throttle 46C at a constant opening. Open and supply ventilation gas to the stack case 14.
  • the ventilation gas after ventilation flows around the fuel cell stack 12 through the connection path 60 and is introduced into the exhaust combustor 58.
  • the fuel gas leaked from the fuel cell stack 12 during the system stoppage. Even if it is mixed with the ventilation gas, it can be reliably burned by the exhaust combustor 58. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S103 and step S104 described above.
  • step S101B the control unit 78 starts the compressor 40 and opens the throttles 46A and 46B at a certain opening degree.
  • air combustion gas
  • step S102A the combustion gas that has passed through the fuel cell stack 12 reaches the exhaust combustor 58 via the connection path 60, and the exhaust combustor 58 starts to be heated by the combustion gas.
  • step S102B when the control unit 78 determines that the exhaust combustor 58 has reached a predetermined temperature at which catalytic combustion is possible, the control unit 78 sets the throttle 46C constant in step S102D. And the ventilation gas is supplied to the stack case 14.
  • the exhaust combustor 58 is heated to a temperature at which catalytic combustion is possible only by the components (the diffusion combustor 52 and the catalytic combustor 56) that start the fuel cell stack 12. Therefore, the enlargement of the number of parts can be suppressed.
  • step S103 and step S104 described above.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide qui est pourvu : d'une pile à combustible à laquelle sont fournis un gaz combustible (un gaz d'anode) et un gaz d'oxydation ; d'un boîtier d'empilement qui contient la pile à combustible, et dans lequel un gaz de ventilation destiné à ventiler l'environnement de la pile à combustible est mis en circulation ; d'une chambre de combustion de gaz d'échappement dans laquelle sont introduits un dégagement gazeux de combustible et un dégagement gazeux d'oxydation émis depuis la pile à combustible et qui brûle le mélange du dégagement gazeux de combustible et du dégagement gazeux d'oxydation ; et d'un trajet de liaison à travers lequel le gaz de ventilation émis depuis le boîtier d'empilement est introduit dans la chambre de combustion de gaz d'échappement.
PCT/JP2016/079122 2015-12-11 2016-09-30 Système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide et procédé de ventilation pour un système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide WO2017098787A1 (fr)

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WO2019026174A1 (fr) * 2017-08-01 2019-02-07 日産自動車株式会社 Système de pile à combustible et son procédé de commande
JP2019145336A (ja) * 2018-02-21 2019-08-29 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池システム
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JP7459840B2 (ja) 2021-06-02 2024-04-02 トヨタ自動車株式会社 空冷式燃料電池システム

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CN113424346A (zh) * 2019-02-25 2021-09-21 三菱动力株式会社 燃料电池模块以及发电系统
JP7459840B2 (ja) 2021-06-02 2024-04-02 トヨタ自動車株式会社 空冷式燃料電池システム

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