WO2017097569A1 - Procédé de préparation de copolymères greffés à base de polyoléfine comprenant une première séquence polyoléfinique ramifiée à chaine courte fonctionnalisée et une ou plusieurs chaînes latérales polymères - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation de copolymères greffés à base de polyoléfine comprenant une première séquence polyoléfinique ramifiée à chaine courte fonctionnalisée et une ou plusieurs chaînes latérales polymères Download PDF

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WO2017097569A1
WO2017097569A1 PCT/EP2016/078297 EP2016078297W WO2017097569A1 WO 2017097569 A1 WO2017097569 A1 WO 2017097569A1 EP 2016078297 W EP2016078297 W EP 2016078297W WO 2017097569 A1 WO2017097569 A1 WO 2017097569A1
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bis
metal
polyolefin
hydrocarbyl
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Robbert Duchateau
Miloud BOUYAHYI
Lidia JASINSKA-WALC
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Sabic Global Technologies B.V.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/06—Oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/02—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/14—Esterification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G63/823—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used for the preparation of polylactones or polylactides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2420/00—Metallocene catalysts
    • C08F2420/02—Cp or analog bridged to a non-Cp X anionic donor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
    • C08F2800/10—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as molar percentages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
    • C08F2810/50—Chemical modification of a polymer wherein the polymer is a copolymer and the modification is taking place only on one or more of the monomers present in minority
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65908—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
    • C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
    • C08F4/65927—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually bridged

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyolefin-based graft copolymers comprising a first functionalized short chain branched polyolefin block and one or multiple polymer side chains.
  • the functionalized short chain branched polyolefin is produced via the copolymerization of an olefin monomer and an olefin bearing a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality according to Formula 1 a.
  • the graft copolymers according to the invention can be produced for example by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers or by transesterification of a preformed transesterifiable polymer, especially polyesters or polycarbonates.
  • the invention moreover relates to polyolefin-based graft copolymers obtained by said process.
  • the present invention relates to the preparation of polyolefin-based graft copolymers comprising a first functionalized short chain branched polyolefin block and one or multiple polymer side chains, the intermediate products and the processes to obtain these products.
  • linear polyolefins have ma ny desirable physical properties, they show a variety of melt processing shortcomings, especially the single- site prepared ones having narrow molecular weight distributions , which typically have a low melt strength. Low melt strength is a problem because it causes local thinning in melt thermoforming, relative weakness in large-part blow molding and flow instabilities in co-extrusion of laminates.
  • polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene are not appropriate for several applications as a consequence of their inherently nonpolar character.
  • This nonpolar character is the reason for the poor adhesion, printability and compatibility that can restrict their efficacy.
  • the present invention is directed towards an easy, catalyst-compatible, relatively inexpensive and safe process that can be used for large scale preparation of polyolefin- based graft copolymers comprising a first short chain branched polyolefin block and one or multiple polymer side chains.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyolefin- based graft copolymers comprising a first short chain branched polyolefin block and one or multiple polymer side chains, said process comprising the step of:
  • A) a polymerization step comprising copolymerizing at least one first type of olefin monomer, preferably selected for example from ethylene or propylene, and at least one second type of olefin monomer comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality according to Formula 1 a: R 1 00 ( n -2) 101 M n+ R 102 using a catalyst system to obtain a polyolefin; wherein said catalyst system comprises a co-catalyst and/or a scavenger and a catalyst or catalyst precursor comprising a metal from Group 3-10 of the l UPAC Periodic Table of elements that does not lead to chain transfer polymerization with the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer, and
  • M is a main group metal
  • n is the oxidation state of M
  • R 102 of Formula 1 a are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydride, a C1 -C18 hydrocarbyl group, a halide, an alkoxide, an amide, a thiolate or a hydrocarbyl group Q on the proviso that at least one of R 100 , R 101 and R 102 is a hydrocarbyl group Q, wherein hydrocarbyl group Q is according to Formula 1 b:
  • Z is bonded to M and Z is a C1 -C18 hydrocarbyl group; R 105 optionally forms a cyclic group with Z; wherein R 103 and R 104 and R 105 are each independently selected from hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group; and at least one step of:
  • step C) using the polyolefin having one or more pending oxidized functionalities obtained in step B) to obtain a graft copolymer by transesterification of a preformed transesterifiable polymer and/or by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers, especially cyclic esters (lactones) and/or cyclic carbonates.
  • a polyolefin having one or more pending oxidized functionalities may be a polyolefin having a backbone preferably for example made of ethylene or propylene as well as of an olefin monomer comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality, as produced in step A), which has being subjected to an oxidative treatment in step B).
  • the second type of olefin monomer comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality can thereby comprise a spacer, like for example a substituted and/or unsubstituted alkyl chain and/or bridged or unbridged, substituted and/or unsubstituted, cyclic hydrocarbon , linking the olefin and the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality.
  • the second type of olefin monomer comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality can thereby comprise bridged or unbridged, substituted and/or unsubstituted, cyclic hydrocarbon as a spacer for example wh en a reactive cyclic olefin, especially for example a norbornene derivative comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality is used as the second type of olefin monomer.
  • the second type of olefin monomer and/or the corresponding spacer can thus in turn lead to short chain branches along the backbone.
  • A/each polyolefin branch or short chain branch of the polymer produced in step A) can thus for example preferably comprise a substituted and/or unsubstituted alkyl chain and/or bridged or unbridged, substituted and/or unsubstituted, cyclic hydrocarbon comprising 1 to 25 carbon atoms, further preferred 2 to 20 carbon atoms, further preferred 2 to 17, further preferred 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably for example linking a function that is incorporated into the polyolefin backbone or main chain to at least one metal atom, preferably a main group metal.
  • a main chain or backbone may thereby be a polymer chain comprising C-C bonds coming from the copolymerization of the first type of olefin monomer and the second type of olefin monomer.
  • a short chain or short chain branch may correspond to the spacer between the olefin of a second type of olefin monomer and the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the same.
  • a main chain or backbone can thus preferably consist of a polymer chain comprising C-C bonds, to which other shorter chains of the second type of olefin monomer may be regarded as being pendant to.
  • the shorter chains of the second type of olefin monomer can thus be considered as representing branches, especially short chain branches, with respect to the backbone.
  • both the main chain and the short chain branches can be obtained together in step A).
  • short chain branches that may for example correspond to a spacer, especially for example a substituted and/or unsubstituted alkyl chain and/or bridged and/or unbridged, substituted and/or unsubstituted, cyclic hydrocarbon , between the olefin and the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer.
  • the spacers and the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionalities for example at the end of the spacers of these monomers may form pending short chain branches that are pending from the backbone or main chain.
  • a short chain branch may thereby be a side chain with a length shorter than the length of the main chain that can mean that a short chain branch can have a length corresponding to less than 20 % of the length of the backbone in terms of carbon atoms, monomer units and/or average molecular weight (M n or M w ).
  • a short chain branch can also preferably for example comprise between 1 to 1 00 carbon atoms, preferably between 1 to 50 carbon atoms, even more preferred between 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably in the backbone, of the short chain branch .
  • a short chain branch can also preferably for example be short enough to avoid entanglement phenomena, preferably involving the short chain branch , to occur.
  • Pending oxidized functionality may mean a functionality that preferably comprises at least one heteroatom that is different from carbon and hydrogen , preferably oxygen . Such a heteroatom may thereby be preferably more electronegative than carbon and/or hydrogen.
  • a heteroatom may be preferably for example selected from Group 14, 1 5, 1 6 or 17 of the l U PAC Periodic Table of the Elements and can as used in the present description for example especially mean a heteroatom selected from Si, Ge, Sn [Group 14], N , P, As, Sb, Bi [Group 1 5], O, S, Se, Te [Group 1 6] or halogens [Group 1 7] .
  • Hydrocarbyl as used in the present description may means: a substituent containing hydrogen and/or carbon atoms; it may for example be a hydride or a linear, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic substituent, such as for example alkyl, alkenyl, alkadienyl and alkynyl ; alicyclic substituent, such as cycloalkyl, cycloalkadienyl cycloalkenyl; aromatic substituent or aryl, such as for example monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic substituent, as well as combinations thereof, such as alkyl-substituted aryls and aryl-substituted alkyls.
  • hydrocarbyl when in the present description hydrocarbyl is used it can also mean a substituted hydrocarbyl, unless stated otherwise.
  • hydrocarbyl when in the present description hydrocarbyl is used it can also mean a substituted hydrocarbyl, unless stated otherwise.
  • hydrocarbyl are also perfluorinated hydrocarbyls wherein all hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms.
  • a hydrocarbyl may moreover for example be present as a group on a compound (hydrocarbyl group) or it may be present as a ligand on a metal (hydrocarbyl ligand).
  • Alkyl as used in the present description means: a group consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms having only single carbon-carbon bonds.
  • An alkyl group may be straight or branched, un-substituted or substituted. It may contain aryl substituents. It may or may not contain one or more heteroatoms.
  • Aryl as used in the present description means: a substituent derived from an aromatic ring.
  • An aryl group may or may not contain one or more heteroatoms.
  • An aryl group also encloses substituted aryl groups wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the aromatic ring have been replaced by hydrocarbyl groups.
  • Hydride as used in the present description may mean: a hydrogen anion bonded to a metal.
  • At least one of R 100 , R 101 and R 102 of Formula 1 a can be a hydrocarbyl group Q and the remaining groups of R 100 , R 101 and R 102 are each a C1 - C18 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1 -C10 hydrocarbyl group or wherein two groups of R 100 , R 101 and R 102 are each a hydrocarbyl group Q and the remaining group of R 100 , R 101 and R 102 is a C1 -C18 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1 -C10 hydrocarbyl group, further preferred a C1 -C4 hydrocarbyl group, or wherein all of R 100 , R 101 and R 102 are a hydrocarbyl group Q.
  • Expressions like for example "C1 -C4" or "C1-C16" and similar formulations may refer to a range regarding a number of carbon atoms, here for example respectively from 1 to 4 or from 1 to 16 carbon atoms.
  • a second type of olefin monomer comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality can be selected from the group consisting of bis(isobutyl)(5- ethylen-yl-2-norbornene) aluminum, di(isobutyl)(7-octen-1-yl) aluminum, di(isobutyl)(5- hexen-1-yl) aluminum, di(isobutyl)(3-buten-1-yl) aluminum, tris(5-ethylen-yl-2-norbornene) aluminum, tris(7-octen-1-yl) aluminum, tris(5-hexen-1-yl) aluminum, or tris(3-buten-1 -yl) aluminum, ethyl(5-ethylen-yl-2-norbornene) zinc, ethyl(7-octen-1 -yl) zinc, ethyl(5-hexen
  • the catalyst or catalyst precursor used in step A) may comprise a metal from Groups 3-10 of the l UPAC Periodic Table of elements, more preferably from Groups 3-8 from Groups 3-6 and/or wherein the metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor used in step A) comprises a metal selected from the group consisting for example of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd , preferably Ti, Zr or Hf.
  • said catalyst can be a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, such as for example titanium-magnesium and aluminum based Ziegler-Natta catalysts, especially obtained for example by reacting a titanium alkoxy with a magnesium alkoxy and subsequently reaction the reaction product with an aluminum alkyl halide, or a catalyst based on a Group 4 metal , which can especially be for example a metallocene, half-metallocene or a post-metallocene and/or a single-site catalyst.
  • a Ziegler-Natta catalyst such as for example titanium-magnesium and aluminum based Ziegler-Natta catalysts, especially obtained for example by reacting a titanium alkoxy with a magnesium alkoxy and subsequently reaction the reaction product with an aluminum alkyl halide, or a catalyst based on a Group 4 metal , which can especially be for example a metallocene, half-metallocene or a post-metallocene and/or a single-site catalyst.
  • a catalyst precursor can be for example a C 3 -, C or C2- symmetric zirconium or hafnium metallocene, preferably an indenyl substituted zirconium or hafnium dihalide, more preferably a bridged bis-indenyl zirconium or hafnium dihalide, even more preferably rac-dimethyl silyl bis-indenyl zirconium or hafnium dichloride (rac- Me2Si(lnd)2ZrC and rac-Me2Si(lnd)2HfCb, respectively), or rac-dimethylsilyl bis-(2-methyl- 4-phenyl-indenyl) zirconium or hafnium dichloride (rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-lnd)2ZrCl2 and rac-Me 2 Si(2-Me-4-Ph-l nd)2HfCl2, respectively).
  • said catalyst can be for example a so-called post-metallocene, preferably [Et 2 NC(N(2,6-i Pr2-C6H 3 )]TiCl3 or [N-(2,6-di(l-methylethyl)phenyl)amido)(2- isopropylphenyl)(a-naphthalen-2-diyl(6-pyridin-2-diyl)methane)]hafnium dimethyl .
  • post-metallocene preferably [Et 2 NC(N(2,6-i Pr2-C6H 3 )]TiCl3 or [N-(2,6-di(l-methylethyl)phenyl)amido)(2- isopropylphenyl)(a-naphthalen-2-diyl(6-pyridin-2-diyl)methane)]hafnium dimethyl .
  • oxygen for example oxygen, ozone or oxygen-containing gas mixtures such as air or synthetic air or mixtures of oxygen with other gases can be used as oxidizing agents in step B).
  • at least one safe oxidation agent can for example be used in step B).
  • at least safe oxidizing agent according to the invention used in step B) can for example be preferably selected from the group consisting of CO, CO2, CS2, COS, N2O and SO3, preferably, N2O, CO2 and SO3 or mixtures of at least two or more thereof, even more preferably CO2.
  • a safe oxidizing agent in the sense of the present invention can thereby be for example be an compound where at least one oxygen is bound at least one other atom then oxygen and/or a compound comprising at least one nitrogen-carbon CN double or triple bond.
  • Using safe oxidants according to the present invention thereby allows reducing the process risk (especially for example the risk of fire and explosions) associated with the use of the oxidizing agent, so as to be able to easily scale up the reactions and/or use high pressures.
  • Oxidation and/or functionalization yield can thereby preferably for example be > 50 %, preferred > 60 %, further preferred > 70 % or even further preferred > 80 %.
  • the present invention concerns the copolymerization of an olefin monomer, preferably ethylene or propylene, and at least one second type olefin monomer, preferably also a- olefin, containing a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality, to obtain short chain branched polyolefins.
  • an olefin monomer preferably ethylene or propylene
  • at least one second type olefin monomer preferably also a- olefin, containing a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality
  • This can for example be used for the preparation of polyolefins having pending oxidized functionalities via an additional oxidation step.
  • the intermediate that is desired in the present invention is a polyolefin having one or multiple preferably short chain branches.
  • the copolymer obtained in step A) can thereby to be oxidized and/or optionally subsequently quenched to produce the desired end product.
  • the graft copolymers according to the invention can be produced for example by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers and/or by transesterification of a preformed transesterifiable polymer, especially po lyesters or polycarbonates.
  • ROP ring-opening polymerization
  • a transesterifiable polymer in the sense of the invention may thereby be for example a polyester, a polycarbonate, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyurea, a random or block poly(carbonate-ester), poly(carbonate-ether), poly(ester-ether), poly(carbonate-ether-ester), poly(ester-amide), poly(ester-ether-amide), poly(carbonate- amide), poly(carbonate-ether-amide), poly(carbonate-ether-amide), poly(ester-urethane), poly(ester-ether-urethane), poly(carbonate-urethane), poly(carbonate-ether-urethane), poly(ester-urea), poly(ester- ether-urea), poly(carbonate-urea), poly(carbonate-ether-urea), poly(ether-amide), poly(amide-urethane), poly(amide-urea), poly(urethane-urea) or one or more combination(s) thereof.
  • the invention moreover relates to
  • the present invention uses an olefin-comprising main group metal hydrocarbyl as comonomer.
  • the olefin-comprising main group metal hydrocarbyl can be, for example, an alkene-comprising aluminum hydrocarbyl or an alkene-comprising zinc hydrocarbyl.
  • the first step in the process according to the present invention is the preparation of a polyolefin having one or multiple main group metal functionalized short chain branches by polymerizing at least one first type of olefin monomer, preferably a a-olefin, and at least one second type of olefin monomer, preferably an a-olefin, comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality with a metal catalyst that does not lead to chain transfer with the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer, optionally together with a co-catalyst and/or a scavenger.
  • said main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality or a corresponding functionality can for example be an alkenyl-comprising aluminum hydrocarbyl or a corresponding functionality.
  • the second type of olefin monomer can comprise a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality, which can for example be a reactive electrophilic metal group.
  • the resulting polyolefin can have one or multiple short chain branches comprising at least one reactive electrophilic metal functionality, preferably for example at the end of the short chain branch(es).
  • said product is a short chain branched polyolefin that is functionalized on at least one of its short chain branches with a main group metal.
  • a "main group metal” as used in the present description can refer to/mean: a metal that is of a main group, namely an element of groups 1 , 2, and 13-15 of the period table or zinc.
  • Group 13 boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and indium (In)
  • main group metals also include for the context of the present invention zinc (Zn).
  • step A) at least one olefin comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality (being for example a main group metal atom bearing one or more hydrocarbyl and/or hydride groups and at least one alkenyl group) is used.
  • the product obtained in step A) is then a polyolefin having one or multiple main group metal-functionalized short chain branches (being a short chain branched polyolefin that is functionalized on at least one of its short chain branches with a main group metal). This is considered to be the main product of step A), which is an intermediate product in the process according to the present invention.
  • the catalyst system used in step A) comprises: i) a Group 3-10, preferably Group 3-8 and more preferably Group 3-6, metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor as well as optionally one or more of ii) a co-catalyst, iii) a scavenger.
  • the catalyst can be selected, preferably so that it does not lead to an interaction, especially not to poisoning and/or to chain transfer polymerization, with the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer.
  • a catalyst that does not lead to an interaction and/or to chain transfer polymerization may thereby preferably for example be a catalyst that does not lead to interaction products detectable by NMR and/or to chain transfer products detectable by N MR.
  • An example of a selection made in that way may be the selection of a catalyst comprising zirconium (Zr) or titanium (Ti) as the metal, for example a phenoxy-imine based Zr or Ti catalyst, and of a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality comprising aluminum (Al) as the metal for the second type of olefin monomer, since it is known that such a catalyst will not lead to chain transfer polymerization with an aluminum hydrocarbyl functionality.
  • the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer may preferably remain untouched under the reaction conditions and/or with the catalyst used according to the present invention , meaning that it may preferably not negatively affect the catalytic activity and/or not lead to chain transfer processes.
  • poisoning may thereby for example be a poisoning that may reduce the catalyst activity by at least 50 %, preferably by at least 25 %, further preferred by at least 20 %, even further preferred by at least 15 %, even further preferred by at least 10 %, even further preferred by at least 5 %, even further preferred by at least 3 %, even further preferred by at least 1 %, even further preferred by at least 0.5 %.
  • This may preferably allow the formation of polymers with short chain branches by polymerizing the olefins of the at least two comonomers with the catalyst used , but without chain transfer polymerization involving the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer.
  • This may lead to a polymer backbone having pending main group metal hydrocarbyl functionalities, whereby there may be a spacer, like especially for example an alkyl group, between the backbone and the pending main group metal hydrocarbyl functionalities.
  • Metal catalyst as used in the present description may mean: a catalyst providing the catalytic reaction, wherein said catalyst comprises at least one metal center that forms the active site.
  • a “metal catalyst” is the same as a “transition metal catalyst” wherein the metal is a transition metal.
  • Metal catalyst or a metal catalyst precursor according to the invention may be for example a single-site catalyst or Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
  • Catalyst precursor as used in the present description may mean: a compound that upon activation forms the active catalyst.
  • Single-site catalyst as used in the present description may mean especially for example: a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that contains exclusively one type of active site.
  • a single-site catalyst can thereby be a metallocene, half-metallocene or post-metallocene.
  • Metallocene as used in the present description may mean: a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor typically consisting of two substituted cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligands bound to a metal active site.
  • Half-metallocene as used in the present description may for example mean: a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor typically consisting of one substituted cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand bound to a metal active site.
  • a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor typically consisting of one substituted cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand bound to a metal active site.
  • Post-metallocene as used in the present description may mean especially for example: a metal catalyst that contains no substituted cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligands, but may contains one or more anions bound to the metal active site, typically via a heteroatom.
  • a metal catalyst that contains no substituted cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligands, but may contains one or more anions bound to the metal active site, typically via a heteroatom.
  • a transition metal- containing solid catalyst compound comprises a transition metal halide selected from itanium halide, chromium halide, hafnium halide, zirconium halide, and vanadium halide, supported on a metal or metalloid compound (e.g. a magnesium compound or a silica compound).
  • a metal or metalloid compound e.g. a magnesium compound or a silica compound.
  • the co-catalyst can be selected for example from the group consisting of MAO, DMAO, MMAO, SMAO, possibly in combination with aluminum alkyls, for example triisobutyl aluminum, and the combination of an aluminum alkyl, for example triisobutyl aluminum, and fluorinated aryl borane or fluorinated aryl borate.
  • the co-catalyst can be selected for example from aluminum alkyls and aluminum alkyl halides, such as for example triethyl aluminum (TEA) or diethyl aluminum chloride.
  • the scavenger can be selected for example from the group consisting of trialkyl aluminum, for example triisobutyl aluminum, MAO, DMAO, MMAO, SMAO.
  • Scavenger as used in the present description may mean a compound that scavenges impurities, especially protic and heteroatom containing compounds, such as for example water, alcohols or acids, from the reaction medium prior and during the polymerization process.
  • impurities especially protic and heteroatom containing compounds, such as for example water, alcohols or acids
  • the co-catalyst thereby also function for example as scavenger.
  • Suitable monomers include linear or short chain branched oolefins.
  • Said olefins preferably have between 2 and 30 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 20 carbon atoms.
  • one or more of the following are used: ethylene, propylene, 1 -butene, 4-methyl-1 -pentene, 1 -pentene, 1 -hexene, 1 -heptene, 1 -octene, 1 -nonene, 1 -decene, 1 -undecene, 1 -dodecene, 1 -tridecene, 1 -tetradecene, 1 -pentadecene, 1 -hexadecene, 1 -heptadecene, 1 -octadecene, 1 -cyclopentene, cyclohexene, norbornene, ethylidene-norbornene, and
  • a combination of ethylene and/or propylene on the one and one or more other olefins on the other hand is also possible.
  • Substituted analogues of the monomers discussed above may also be used, e.g. substituted by one or more halogens.
  • aromatic monomers can be used according to the present invention. It is also possible to use a combination of two or more olefins.
  • the present invention uses at least one olefin monomer comprising a main group hydrocarbyl functionality.
  • the olefin monomer comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality used in the present invention has a structure according to Formula 1 a:
  • Formula 1 a wherein: M is a main group metal; n is the oxidation state of M; R 100 , R 101 and R 102 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydride, a C1 -C18 hydrocarbyl group, or a hydrocarbyl group Q on the proviso that at least one of R 100 , R 101 and R 102 is hydrocarbyl group Q.
  • hydrocarbyl group Q is according to Formula 1 b:
  • Formula 1 b wherein Z is bonded to M and is a C1 -C18 hydrocarbyl group; R 105 optionally forms a cyclic group with Z; wherein R 103 and R 104 and R 105 are each independently selected from hydrogen or hydrocarbyl;
  • hydrocarbyl group Q is an a-olefin wherein Z is bonded to the main group metal, Z is a C1-C18 hydrocarbyl spacer group, R 103 R 104 and R 105 are each hydrogen, said hydrocarbyl group Q being according to Formula 1 c:
  • hydrocarbyl group Q is an alkene wherein Z is bonded to the main group metal, Z is a C1 -C18 hydrocarbyl spacer group, R 103 and R 104 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl and R105 is a C1-18 hydrocarbyl, said R 105 group forming a cyclic structure with Z, said hydrocarbyl group Q being according to Formula 1 d:
  • said hydrocarbyl group Q can be an ⁇ -olefin according to Formula 1 c or an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl group according to Formula 1 d.
  • hydrocarbyl group Q is an ⁇ -olefin or an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl group.
  • Z is a branched or unbranched hydrocarbyl spacer group consisting of between 1 and 18 carbon atoms, preferably 2 and 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 and 7 carbon atoms, even more preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms. Z is optionally substituted with hydrogen, carbon, and heteroatoms.
  • hydrocarbyl group Q is an ⁇ -olefin according to Formula 1 c.
  • Said a-olefin has up to and including 30 carbon atoms, such as up to and including 20 carbon atoms, preferably up to and including 10 carbon atoms, such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, heptenyl, hexenyl, septenyl, octenyl, nonenyl or decenyl and can be unbranched or branched.
  • said ⁇ -olefin is an unbranched ⁇ -olefin according to Formula 1 e.
  • the aluminum hydrocarbyl functionality comprises at least one hydrocarbyl chain bearing an ⁇ -olefin (i.e. hydrocarbyl group Q).
  • Said hydrocarbyl group Q is an a-olefin-comprising a main group metal.
  • the hydrocarbyl group Q is an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl group according to Formula 1 d.
  • the alkene is situated between substituents R 105 and Z and R 105 forms at least one ring with Z.
  • R 105 can be a C1 -C18 hydrocarbyl, which forms one or more bonds with Z to form a cyclic group.
  • the number of R groups around the main group metal is dependent on the oxidization state of the metal. For example, when the main group metal is zinc or magnesium or calcium, the oxidation state is +2, and the formula is R 100 MR 101 .
  • At least one olefin comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality can be for example ethyl(7-octen 1 -yl) zinc or bis(7-octen-1 - yl) zinc.
  • an olefin comprising at least one main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality can for example be selected from one or more from the group of: di(isobutyl)(7- octen-1-yl) aluminum, di(isobutyl)(5-hexen-1-yl) aluminum, di(isobutyl)(3-buten-1-yl) aluminum, aluminum, tris(7-octen-1-yl) aluminum, tris(5-hexen-1 -yl) aluminum and/or tris(3- buten-1-yl) aluminum.
  • the copolymerization of at least one olefin comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality and another a-olefin monomer may also for example be carried out in the presence of hydrogen or a silane containing compound use as a chain transfer agent.
  • a catalyst system for use in step a) comprises at least two of the following components:
  • a metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor comprising a metal from Group 3-10 of the l UPAC Periodic Table of elements; and optionally at least one or more of
  • hydrogen or a silane can be added as a chain transfer agent that does not interact with main group metal hydrocarbyls.
  • Suitable catalysts and/or catalyst precursors are discussed in this section as well as suitable co-catalysts and scavengers, which are optional.
  • a catalyst for step A) can be used without co-catalyst, a catalyst precursor for step A) requires a co-catalyst to obtain the actual active catalyst.
  • the catalyst may thereby preferably be selected so that it does not lead to chain transfer polymerization with the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer.
  • An example of such a selection according to the present invention may thus for example be of a catalyst comprising zirconium (Zr) as the metal and a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality comprising aluminum (Al) as the metal, since it is known that some of such catalysts, like for example phenoxy-imine based Zr catalysts, will not undergo chain transfer polymerization with the aluminum hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer.
  • Zr zirconium
  • Al aluminum
  • this may allow the formation of polymers with short chain branches by polymerizing the olefins of both comonomers with the catalyst used but without chain transfer polymerization involving the main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality of the second type of olefin monomer.
  • This may preferably lead to a polymer backbone having pending main group metal hydrocarbyl functionalities, whereby there may be a spacer, like especially for example an alkyl group, between the backbone a nd the pending main group metal hydrocarbyl functionalities.
  • the catalyst may, however, lead to chain transfer with a chain transfer agent, such as for example hydrogen or silanes.
  • One or more scavenger that can be used for example to scavenge impurities from the reaction medium prior and during the polymerization process can be selected for example from the group consisting of: trialkyl aluminum, especially for example triisobutyl aluminum, MAO, DMAO, MMAO, SMAO.
  • Metal catalysts that are suitable for use in step A) of the present invention may be obtained by reacting the metal catalyst precursors with a co-catalyst either prior to use in step A) or by in situ reaction with a co-catalyst.
  • the metal catalyst has a metal center selected from a Group 3 metal, a Group 4 metal, a Group 5 metal, a Group 6 metal, a Group 7 metal, a Group 8 metal, a Group 9 metal or a Group 10 metal, preferably Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd.
  • Ziegler-Natta catalysts as reported in US2009/0048399, US2014/0350200, W096/32427, WO01/23441 , WO2007/134851 , US4978648, EP1283 222A1 , US5556820; US4414132; US5106806 and US5077357 may also be suitable to use as metal catalyst precursors in the present invention.
  • the metal catalysts or metal catalyst precursors may for example be a C 3 -, C or C2- symmetric zirconium or hafnium metallocene, preferably an indenyl substituted zirconium or hafnium dihalide, more preferably a bridged bis-indenyl zirconium or hafnium dihalide, even more preferably rac-dimethylsilyl bis-indenyl zirconium or hafnium dichloride (rac- Me2Si(lnd)2ZrCl2 and rac-Me2Si(lnd)2HfCl2, respectively), or rac-dimethylsilyl bis-(2-methyl- 4-phenyl-indenyl) zirconium or hafnium dichloride (rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-lnd)2ZrCl2 and rac-Me 2 Si(2-Me-4-Ph-lnd)2HfCl2, respectively).
  • said catalyst precursor can be for example a so-called half- metallocene, or constrained geometry catalyst, even more preferably, C 5 Me 5 [(C6Hi [Me 2 Si(C 5 Me 4 )N(tBu)]TiCl2, [C 5 Me 4 (CH 2 CH 2 N Me2]TiCl2.
  • said catalyst can be for example a so-called post- metallocene, preferably [Et 2 NC(N(2,6-iPr2-C6H 3 )]TiCl3 or [N-(2,6-di(l- methylethyl)phenyl)amido)(2-isopropylphenyl)(a-naphthalen-2-diyl(6-pyridin-2- diyl)methane)]hafnium dimethyl.
  • post- metallocene preferably [Et 2 NC(N(2,6-iPr2-C6H 3 )]TiCl3 or [N-(2,6-di(l- methylethyl)phenyl)amido)(2-isopropylphenyl)(a-naphthalen-2-diyl(6-pyridin-2- diyl)methane)]hafnium dimethyl.
  • the metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor can also be for example a preferably C s or Ci symmetric compound according to the formula (C5 8 4 ) 9 (Ci3 8 8)ML 1 n , where C5 8 4 is an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl, and C i3R 1 1 e is an unsubstituted fluorenyl group or a substituted fluorenyl group; and the bridging R 9 group is selected from the group consisting of -Si(Me)2-, -Si(Ph)2-, -C(Me)2- or - C(Ph)2-, thus producing Ci- and Cs-symmetric metallocenes.
  • zirconocene dichloride metal catalyst precursors suitable for use in the present invention include: bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, bis(methyl-cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, bis(n-propyl-cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, bis(n-butyl-cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, bis(1 ,3- dimethyl-cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, bis(1 ,3-di-t-butyl-cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, bis(1 ,3-ditrimethylsilyl-cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, bis(1 ,2,4-trimethyl-cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, bis(1 ,2,3,4-tetramethyl- cyclopent
  • the metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor can be for example: [[2,2'-[[[2-(dimethylamino-KN)ethyl]imino-KN]bis(methylene)]bis[4,6-bis(1 , 1 - dimethylethyl) phenolato- ⁇ ]] zirconium dibenzyl, (phenylmethyl)[[2,2'-[(propylimino- KN)bis(methylene)]bis[4,6-bis(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)phenolato-KO]] zirconium dibenzyl or (phenylmethyl)[[2,2'-[[[(2-pyridinyl-KN)methyl]imino-KN]bis(methylene)]bis[4,6-bis(1 , 1 - dimethylethyl)phenolato-KO]] zirconium dibenzyl.
  • complexes as reported in WO 00/43426, WO 2004/081064, US 2014/0039138 Al, US 2014/0039139 Al and US 2014/0039140 Al are suitable to use as metal catalyst precursors for the processes of the present invention.
  • hafnocenes may also be used according to the as catalyst precursors present invention.
  • the metal catalysts or metal catalyst precursors for use in the present invention may also be from post-metallocene catalysts or catalyst precursors.
  • the metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor may be : [HN(CH2CH2N-2,4,6-Me3-C6H2)2]Hf(CH2Ph)2 or bis[N,N'-(2,4,6- trimethylphenyl)amido)ethylenediamine]hafnium dibenzyl.
  • the metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor may be 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-N-(2-methyl-3-(octylimino)butan-2) hafnium trimethyl, 2,4,6- trimethylphenyl-N-(2-methyl-3-(octylimino)butan-2) hafnium trimethyl.
  • the metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor may be [2,6- iPr2C6H3NC(2-iPr-C6H4)-2-(6-C5H6)]HfMe2 — [N-(2,6-di(1 - methylethyl)phenyl)amido)(2-isopropylphenyl) (n-naphthalen-2-diyl(6-pyridin-2- diyl)methane)]hafnium dimethyl.
  • metal catalyst precursors according to the present invention are: [N-(2,6-di( 1 -methylethyl)phenyl)amido)(o-tolyl)(a-naphthalen-2-diyl(6- pyridin-2-diyl)methane)] hafnium dimethyl, [N-(2,6-di( 1 -methylethyl)phenyl)amido)(o- tolyl)(a,a-naphthalen-2-diyl(6-pyridin-2-diyl)methane)] hafnium di(N,N- dimethylamido), [N-(2,6-di(l-methylethyl)phenyl)amido)(o-tolyl)(a,a-naphthalen-2- diyl(6-pyridin-2-diyl)methane)] hafnium dichloride, [N-(2,6-di( 1 -methyle
  • Non-limiting examples include the family of pyridyl diamide metal dichloride complexes such as: [N-[2,6-bis( 1 -methylethyl)phenyl]- 6-[2-[phenyl(phenylamino-KN)methyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinemethanaminato(2-)- KN 1 , KN2]hafnium dichloride, [N-[2,6-bis( 1 -methylethyl)phenyl]-6-[2-[(phenylamino- KN)methyl]- 1 -naphthalenyl]-2-pyridinemethanaminato(2-)-KN 1 , KN2] hafnium dichloride, [N-[2,6-bis(1 -methylethyl)phenyl]-a-[2-( 1 -methylethyl)phenyl]-6-[2- [(phenylamino-KN)methyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinemethanamin
  • Non-limiting examples of titanium dichloride metal catalyst precursors suitable for use in the present invention include: cyclopentadienyl(P,P,P-tri-t-butylphosphine imidato) titanium dichloride, pentafluorophenylcyclopentadienyl(P,P, P-tri-t-butylphosphine imidato) titanium dichloride, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl(P,P, P-tri-t-butylphosphine imidato) titanium dichloride, 1 ,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-cyclopentadienyl(P,P-tri-t- butylphosphine imidato) titanium dichloride, cyclopentadienyl(P,P-tri- tricyclohexylphosphine imidato) titanium dichloride, pentafluorophenyl cyclopentadienyl(P,P,P-
  • Non-limiting examples of titanium (IV) dichloride metal catalyst suitable for use in the present invention are: (N-t-butylamido)(dimethyl)(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)silane titanium dichloride, (N phenylamido)(dimethyl)(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) silane titanium dichloride, (N sec-butylamido)(dimethyl)(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)silane titanium dichloride, (N sec-dodecylamido) (dimethyl)(fluorenyl)silane titanium dichloride, (3 phenylcyclopentadien-1 -yl) dimethyl(t-butylamido) silane titanium dichloride, (3 (pyrrol-l-yl)cyclopentadien-l -yl) dimethyl(t-butylamido)silane titanium dichloride, (3,4-diphenylcyclopent
  • Ln is dimethyl, dibenzyl, diphenyl, 1 ,4-diphenyl-2-butene-1 ,4-diyl, 1 ,4-dimethyl-2-butene-1 ,4-diyl or 2,3- dimethyl-2-butene-1 ,4-diyl.
  • Suitable metal catalyst precursors can be also the trivalent transition metal as those described in WO 9319104 (for example see especially example 1 , page 13, line 15).
  • Suitable metal catalyst precursors can be also the trivalent transition metal as [C5Me4CH2CH2N(n-Bu)2]TiCI2 described in WO 9613529 (for example see especially example I I I , page 20, line 10-13) or [C5H(iPr)3CH2CH2N Me2]TiCI2 described in WO 97142232 and WO 9742236 (for example see especially example 1 , page 26, line 14).
  • the metal catalyst precursor is [C5H4CH2CH2NMe2]TiCI2;
  • the metal catalyst or metal catalyst precursor may also be [C5Me4CH2CH2NMe2]TiCI2, [C5H4CH2CH2NiPr2]TiCI2, [C5Me4CH2CH2NiPr2]TiCI2, [C5H4C9H6N]TiCI2, [C5H4CH2CH2N Me2]CrCI2, [C5Me4CH2CH2NMe2]CrCI2; [C5H4CH2CH2NiPr2]CrCI2, [C5Me4CH2CH2NiPr2]CrCI2 or [C5H4C9H6N]CrCI2.
  • metal catalyst precursors that would be suitable according to the present invention are: (N, N dimethylamino)methyl- tetramethylcyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride, (N,N dimethylamino)ethyl- tetramethylcyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride, (N, N dimethylamino)propyl- tetramethylcyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride, (N,N dibutylamino)ethyl- tetramethylcyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride, (pyrrolidinyl)ethyl- tetramethylcyclopentadienyl titanium dich loride, (N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl-fluorenyl titanium dichloride, (bis(1 -methyl-ethyl)phosphino)ethyl-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride, (bis(2-amino)methyl-
  • the catalyst precursor is: [2-(2,4,6-iPr3-C6H2)-6-(2,4,6- iPr3-C6H2)-C5H3N]Ti(CH2Ph)3 or [Et2NC(N-2,6-iPr2-C6H3)2]TiCI3
  • metal catalyst precursors according to the present invention are: ⁇ N',N"-bis[2,6-di(1 -methylethyl)phenyl]-N, N-diethylguanidinato ⁇ titanium trichloride, ⁇ N', N"bis[2,6-di(1 -methylethyl)phenyl]-N-methyl-N-cyclohexylguanidinato ⁇ titanium trichloride, ⁇ N',N"-bis[2,6-di(1 -methylethyl)phenyl]-N,N- pentamethyleneguanidinato ⁇ titanium trichloride, ⁇ N', N"-bis[2,6-di(methyl)phenyl]-sec- butyl-aminidinato ⁇ titanium trichloride, ⁇ N-trimethylsilyl,N'-(N",N"- dimethylaminomethyl)benzamidinato ⁇ titanium dichloride THF complex,
  • metal catalyst precursors according to the present invention can be for example: bis[2-[(2-pyridinylimino)methyl]phenolato] titanium dichloride, bis[2-(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)-6-[(phenylimino)methyl]phenolato] titanium dichloride, bis[2-(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)-6-[(1 - naphthalenylimino)methyl]phenolato] titanium dichloride, bis[3-
  • the metal catalyst precursor cited in the list directly above wherein the dichloride can be replaced with dimethyl, dibenzyl, diphenyl, 1 ,4- diphenyl-2-butene-1 ,4-diyl, 1 ,4-dimethyl-2-butene-1 ,4-diyl or 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene- 1 ,4-diyl; and/or wherein the metal may be zirconium or hafnium.
  • the catalyst precursor can be : [2-[[[2-[[[[3,5-bis(1 , 1 - dimethylethyl)-2-(hydroxy-KO)phenyl]methyl]amino-KN]ethyl]methylamino-KN]methyl]- 4,6-bis(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)phenolato(2-)-KO] titanium bis(phenylmethyl), [2,4-dichloro- 6-[[[2-[[[[[3,5-dichloro-2-(hydroxy-KO)phenyl]methyl]amino-KN]ethyl]methylamino- KN]methyl]phenolato(2-)-KO] titanium bis(phenylmethyl), [2-[[[[[1 -[[2-(hydroxy-KO)-3,5- diiodophenyl]methyl]-2-pyrrolidinyl-KN]methyl]amino-KN]methyl]-4-methyl-6- tricyclo[3.3.1
  • metal catalyst precursor cited in the list directly above wherein bis(phenylmethyl) can be replaced with dichloride, dimethyl, diphenyl, 1 ,4-diphenyl-2-butene-1 ,4-diyl, 1 ,4- dimethyl-2-butene-1 ,4-diyl or 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene-1 ,4-diyl; and/or wherein the metal may be zirconium or hafnium.
  • chromium catalysts that would be suitable for use in to the present invention are:
  • L1 is hydride, methyl, benzyl, phenyl, allyl, (2-N,N- dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl , (2-N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl; in other words chromium methyl, chromium benzyl, chromium allyl, chromium (2-N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl; and/or wherein the metal is trivalent yttrium or samarium;
  • metal catalyst precursors as cited in the list directly above wherein Ln is chloride, bromide, hydride, methyl, benzyl, phenyl, allyl, (2-N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl, (2-N,N- dimethylamino)benzyl and/or wherein the metal is trivalent titanium or trivalent chromium.
  • Non-limiting examples of metal catalyst precursors according to the present invention are: N,N'-1 ,2-acenaphthylenediylidenebis(2,6-bis(1 -methylethyl)benzenamine) nickel dibromide, N,N'-1 ,2-ethanediylidenebis(2,6-dimethylbenzenamine) nickel dibromide, N,N'-1 ,2-ethanediylidenebis(2,6-bis(1 -methyl-ethyl)benzenamine) nickel dibromide, N,N'-1 ,2-acenaphthylenediylidenebis(2,6-dimethylbenzenamine) nickel dibromide, N,N'-1 ,2-acenaphthylenediylidenebis(2,6-bis(1 -methylethyl)benzenamine) nickel dibromide, N,N'-1 ,2-acenaphthylenediylidenebis
  • metal catalyst precursors according to the present invention are: [2-[[[2,6-bis(1 -methylethyl)phenyl]imino-KN]methyl]-6-(1 , 1 - dimethylethyl)phenolato-KO] nickel phenyl(triphenylphosphine), [2-[[[2,6-bis(1 - methylethyl)phenyl]imino-KN]methyl]-6-(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)phenolato-KO] nickel phenyl(triphenylphosphine), [2-[[[2,6-bis(1 -methylethyl)phenyl]imino- KN]methyl]phenolato-KO] nickel phenyl(triphenylphosphine)-, [3-[[[2,6-bis(1 - methylethyl)phenyl]imino-KN]methyl][1 , 1 '-b
  • a co-catalyst can be used when a metal catalyst precursor is used.
  • a co-catalyst may thereby be an alkylating agent and/or reducing agent and/or cationization agent for the catalyst precursor and/or a scavenger.
  • the function of this co-catalyst is to activate the metal catalyst precursor.
  • Co-catalyst may be selected for example from aluminum alkyls and aluminum alkyl halides, such as for example triethyl aluminum (TEA) or diethyl aluminum chloride (DEAC).
  • Methylaluminoxane or MAO as used in the present description may mean: a compound derived from the partial hydrolysis of trimethyl aluminum that serves as a co-catalyst for catalytic olefin polymerization.
  • Supported methylaluminoxane or SMAO as used in the present description may mean: a methylaluminoxane bound to a solid support.
  • Depleted methylaluminoxane or DMAO as used in the present description may mean: a methylaluminoxane from which the free trimethyl aluminum has been removed.
  • Modified methylaluminoxane or MMAO as used in the present description may mean: modified methylaluminoxane, viz. the product obtained after partial hydrolysis of trimethyl aluminum plus another trialkyl aluminum such as tri(isobutyl) aluminum or tri- n-octyl aluminum.
  • Fluorinated aryl borates or fluorinated aryl boranes as used in the present description may mean: a borate compound having three or four fluorinated (preferably perfluorinated) aryl ligands or a borane compound having three fluorinated (preferably perfluorinated) aryl ligands.
  • the co-catalyst can be an organometallic compound.
  • the metal of the organometallic compound can be selected from Group 1 , 2, 12 or 13 of the lU PAC Periodic Table of Elements.
  • the co-catalyst is an organoaluminum compound, more preferably an aluminoxane, said aluminoxane being generated by the reaction of a trialkyl aluminum compound with water to partially hydrolyze said aluminoxane.
  • trimethyl aluminum can react with water (partial hydrolysis) to form methylaluminoxane (MAO).
  • MAO has the general formula (AI(CH 3)3- nOo.5n)x- (AI Me3)y having an aluminum oxide framework with methyl groups on the aluminum atoms.
  • MAO generally contains significant quantities of free trimethyl aluminum (TMA), which can be removed by drying the MAO to afford the so-called depleted MAO or DMAO.
  • Supported MAO (SMAO) may also be used and may be generated by the treatment of an inorganic support material, typically silica, by MAO.
  • SMAO free trimethyl aluminum
  • a bulky phenol such as butylhydroxytoluene (BHT, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4- methylphenol) can be added which reacts with the free trimethyl aluminum.
  • BHT butylhydroxytoluene
  • Neutral Lewis acid modified polymeric or oligomeric aluminoxanes may also be used, such as alkylaluminoxanes modified by addition of a C1 -30 hydrocarbyl substituted Group 13 compound, especially a tri(hydrocarbyl) aluminum- or tri(hydrocarbyl) boron compounds, or a halogenated (including perhalogenated) derivatives thereof, having 1 to 10 carbons in each hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl group, more especially a trialkyl aluminum compound.
  • alkylaluminoxanes modified by addition of a C1 -30 hydrocarbyl substituted Group 13 compound especially a tri(hydrocarbyl) aluminum- or tri(hydrocarbyl) boron compounds, or a halogenated (including perhalogenated) derivatives thereof, having 1 to 10 carbons in each hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl group, more especially a trialkyl aluminum compound.
  • polymeric or oligomeric aluminoxanes are tri(isobutyl) aluminum- or tri(n-octyl) aluminum-modified methylaluminoxane, generally referred to as modified methylaluminoxane, or MMAO.
  • MAO, DMAO, SMAO and MMAO may all be used as co-catalyst.
  • the metal catalyst precursors may also be rendered catalytically active by a combination of an alkylating agent and a cation forming agent which together form the co-catalyst, or only a cation forming agent in the case the catalyst precursor is already alkylated, as exemplified in T. J. Marks et al., Chem. Rev. 2000, (100), 1391 .
  • Suitable alkylating agents are trialkyl aluminum compounds, preferably TI BA.
  • Suitable cation forming agents for use herein include (i) neutral Lewis acids, such as C1 -30 hydrocarbyl substituted Group 13 compounds, preferably tri(hydrocarbyl)boron compounds and halogenated (including perhalogenated) derivatives thereof, having from 1 to 10 carbons in each hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl group, more preferably perfluorinated tri(aryl)boron compounds, and most preferably tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane, (ii) non polymeric, compatible, non-coordinating, ion forming compounds of the type [C] + [A] " where "C” is a cationic group such as ammonium, phosphonium, oxonium, carbonium, silylium or sulfonium groups and [A] " is an anion, especially for example a borate.
  • neutral Lewis acids such as C1 -30 hydrocarbyl substituted Group 13 compounds, preferably tri(hydrocarbyl)boron compounds and
  • Non-limiting examples of the anionic ["A"] are borate compounds such as C1 -30 hydrocarbyl substituted borate compounds, preferably tetra(hydrocarbyl)boron compounds and halogenated (including perhalogenated) derivatives thereof, having from 1 to 10 carbons in each hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl group, more preferably perfluorinated tetra(aryl)boron compounds, and most preferably tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate.
  • borate compounds such as C1 -30 hydrocarbyl substituted borate compounds, preferably tetra(hydrocarbyl)boron compounds and halogenated (including perhalogenated) derivatives thereof, having from 1 to 10 carbons in each hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl group, more preferably perfluorinated tetra(aryl)boron compounds, and most preferably tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate.
  • a supported co-catalyst may also be used, for example using silica supported MAO (SMAO) as the co-catalyst.
  • the support material can be an inorganic material. Suitable supports include solid and particulated high surface area, metal oxides, metalloi d oxides, or mixtures thereof. Examples include: talc, silica, alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, aluminosilicates, borosilicates, clays, and mixtures thereof.
  • Preparation of a supported catalyst can be carried out using methods known in the art, for example i) a metal catalyst precursor can be reacted with supported MAO to produce a supported catalyst; ii) MAO can be reacted with a metal catalyst precursor and the resultant mixture can be added to silica to form the supported catalyst; iii) a metal catalyst precursor immobilized on a support can be reacted with soluble MAO. Copolymerization of an olefin and an olefin comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality
  • Step A) is preferably carried out in an inert atmosphere.
  • Copolymerization of the olefins can for example be carried out in the gas phase below the melting point of the polymer. Copolymerization can also be carried out in the slurry phase below the melting point of the polymer. Moreover, copolymerization can be carried out in solution at temperatures above the melting point of the polymer product.
  • Slurry phase polymerizations are typically carried out at temperatures in the range 50- 125 °C and at pressures in the range 1 -50 bar.
  • the present invention may also be carried out in a solution polymerization process.
  • the monomer and polymer are dissolved in an inert solvent.
  • an inert solvent typically a single reactor can be used, multiple reactors provide a narrower residence time distribution and therefore a better control of molecular weight distribution.
  • LLDPE as used in the present description means: linear low density polyethylene.
  • LLDPE thereby encompasses polyethylene with a density for example between 0.85 and 0.95 kg/m 3 , that can thus also includes especially for example VLDPE and MDPE.
  • branched polyolefins having one or multiple functionalized short chain branches can have a number average molecular weight (M n ) between 500 and 1 ,000,000 g/mol, preferably between 1 ,000 and 200,000 g/mol.
  • the polyolefins having one or multiple functionalized branches according to the present invention preferably have a polydispersity index (£> or PDI) of between 1 .1 and 10.0, more preferably between 1 .1 and 5.0, more preferably between 1 .1 and 4.0, even more preferably between 1 .5 and 2.5.
  • a polydispersity index (£> or PDI) of between 1 .1 and 10.0, more preferably between 1 .1 and 5.0, more preferably between 1 .1 and 4.0, even more preferably between 1 .5 and 2.5.
  • content of comonomer can represent for example at between 0.01 mol-% and 70 mol-%, preferably between 0.05 mol-% and 30 mol-%, preferably between 0.06 mol-% and 20 mol-%, preferably between 0.07 mol-% and 1 5 mol-%, preferably between 0.08 mol-% and 1 0 mol-%, preferably between 0.09 mol- % and 8 mol-%, preferably between 0.1 mol-% and 7 mol-%, further preferred between 0.5 mol-% and 5 mol-%, further preferred between 1 mol-% and 4 mol-%, further preferred between 2 mol-% and 3 mol-% and/or at least 0.001 mol-%, further preferred least 0.01 mol-%, preferably 0.1 mol-%, further preferred 0.5 mol-%, further preferred at least 1 mol-%, preferred at least 10 mol-%, further preferred at least 1 5 mol-%, further preferred at least 20 mol
  • a polymer with a relatively low content of comonomer can thereby for example ensure and be used to provide a good miscibility with polyolefins, while still comprising branches.
  • a relatively high content of comonomer can for example contribute to increase the number of branches. This may possibly allow to improve compatibility with polar materials, other materials and/or barrier properties.
  • a second step of the process according to the present invention can be step B) and relates to contacting the polyolefin obtained in step A) with at least one oxidizing agent or safe oxidizing agent to obtain to obtain a polyolefin having one or more pending oxidized functionalities.
  • an oxidizing agent or safe oxidizing agent used in the present invention can be dried.
  • a dried safe oxidizing agent according to the invention can thereby preferably comprise less than 100 ppm of water, preferably less than 50 ppm of water, further preferred less than 20 ppm of water, even more preferred less than 10 ppm of water, even more preferred less than 5 ppm of water, even more preferred less than 3 ppm of water. This can contribute to improve oxidation yield.
  • the oxidizing agent may be a gaseous oxidizing agent, whereby the oxidation step can be carried out optionally for example at a pressure between 0.01 and 80 bar, preferably between 1 and 20 bar, further preferred between 2 and 10 bar. In an embodiment, the oxidation step can be carried out for example at a temperature of between 0°C and 250°C.
  • the oxidation step can be for example carried out for a time period of between 0.5 minutes and 150 minutes, more preferably between 1 minutes and 120 minutes, further preferred between 30 minutes and 60 minutes depending on the reaction temperature and the oxidizing agent.
  • step C) the polyolefin having one or more pending oxidized functionalities obtained in step B) is used to obtain a graft copolymer by transesterification of a preformed transesterifiable polymer, especially a preformed polyester and/or a preformed polycarbonate, and/or by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers, especially cyclic esters (lactones) and/or cyclic carbonates.
  • step C) one or more side chains, especially polyester and/or polycarbonate side chains, may thus be formed on the polyolefin main chain, wherein as initiators the pending oxidized functionalities on the polyolefin main chain obtained in step B) can be used to obtain a graft copolymer.
  • the product of step B) is subsequently used in step C) as a macro-initiator for the formation of graft copolymer.
  • Preformed transesterifiable polymer especially preformed polyester and/or a preformed polycarbonate, in the sense of the present invention may thereby mean for example commercially available or otherwise prepared or obtained before and/or independently from at least one or preferably all of the steps A), B) and C) according to the invention.
  • Step C) can be carried out in a hydrocarbon solvent, especially for example heptane, octane, decaline or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent like toluene or xylene, or in other organic solvents, like DMF or tetrachloroethane, or in the melt.
  • a hydrocarbon solvent especially for example heptane, octane, decaline or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent like toluene or xylene, or in other organic solvents, like DMF or tetrachloroethane, or in the melt.
  • the steps A) to C) described above can preferably for example be performed in cascadelike process for example either in the same or in subsequent/connected reactors or vessels, preferably without additional intermediary and/or workup and/or drying and/or purification steps, even more preferred without any further additional ROP or transesterification step, even further preferred continuously.
  • the polymer preparation can be carried out preferably without a metal-substitution step, especially for example by hydrolysis. It should be noted that an extruder can also be considered as a reactor in the context of the present invention.
  • a polyolefin-based graft copolymer obtained according to the present invention may comprise a first short chain branched polyolefin block and one or more polymer side chains and may have a number average molecular weight (M n ) between 500 and 1 ,000,000 g/mol, preferably between 2,000 and 500,000 g/mol, preferably between 5,000 and 250,000 g/mol, further preferred between 1 0,000 and 1 00,000 g/mol and/or a polydispersity index (£>) of between 1 .1 and 1 0.0, preferably between 2.0 and 5.0, whereby said polyolefin block may further optionally have for example a branching number determined by N MR of 0.2 to 1 0, preferably 0.5 to 5, even more preferred 1 to 3 per 1 0000 carbon atoms or of 50 to 3500, preferred 1 00 to 1 000 , further preferred 200 to 900 per 1 0000 carbon atoms.
  • M n number average molecular weight
  • a polyolefin-based graft copolymer according to the invention may further also have polymer side chain(s), whereby the polymer side chain comprise(s) at least one monomer that is different from the monomer(s) of the first short chain branched polyolefin block and/or wherein the grafts are comprise ester and/or carbonate functionalities.
  • the polymer side chain(s) may have a number average molecular weight (M n ) between 500 and 1 ,000,000 g/mol, preferably between 500 and 100,000 g/mol, preferably between 500 and 50,000 g/mol, further preferred between 500 and 25,000 g/mol, alternatively between 500 and 10,000 g/mol, alternatively between 500 and 5,000 g/mol.
  • the polyolefin-based graft copolymers comprising a first short chain branched polyolefin block and one or multiple polymer side chains prepared according to the present invention may for example be used to introduce polar properties to enhance the interfacial interactions in polyolefins blends with polar polymers, such as for example blends with at least one polyester and/or at least one polycarbonate. They may be used for example as compatibilizers to improve properties such as adhesion. They may be used to improve barrier properties (especially against oxygen) and/or mechanical properties, like improved dimensional stability and/or improved heat resistance and/or improved stiffness, especially for example for polyolefin films.
  • They may be used as compatibilizer to polar polymers such as for example starch or for polyolefin-polar polymer blends, polyolefin-based composites with inorganic fillers, such as glass or talcum . They may be used in drug delivery devices or for nanoporous materials/membranes. They may moreover be used to improve adhesion to other materials, such as for example glass and/or inorganic filers, to improve surface properties, such as for example paintability and/or printability, anti-fogging, anti-static properties. They may furthermore be used to improve chemical resistance and/or acoustic properties for example by reduced squeaking and/or rattling and/or reduced weight.
  • polar polymers such as for example starch or for polyolefin-polar polymer blends, polyolefin-based composites with inorganic fillers, such as glass or talcum . They may be used in drug delivery devices or for nanoporous materials/membranes. They may moreover be
  • Tri(isobutyl)aluminum (TI BA, 1 .0 M solution in hexanes), tetrachloroethane-d2, diisobutylaluminum hydride solution (1 .0 M solution in TH F) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate was purchased from Acros Organics. ⁇ -Pentadecalactone (PDL) (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) was dried over Cahb and distilled under reduced pressure. Toluene (Sigma-Aldrich) was dried using an MBraun-SPS-800 purification column system.
  • N'-bis(salicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3- propanediamine (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as provided.
  • AI(CH3)3 purchased from Aldrich was used in 2 M solution in toluene.
  • the number average molecular weight (M n ) in g/mol and polydispersity index (PDI ) were determined by means of high temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT SEC) which was performed at 160 °C using a high speed GPC (Freeslate, Sunnyvale, USA). Detection : I R4 (PolymerChar, Valencia, Spain). Column set: three Polymer Laboratories 1 3 ⁇ PLgel Olexis, 300 ⁇ 7.5 mm. 1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (TCB) was used as eluent at a flow rate of 1 m L-min "1 . TCB was freshly distilled prior to use. The molecular weight was calculated from HT SEC analysis with respect to narrow polyethylene standards (PSS, Mainz, Germany).
  • Di(isobutyl)(oct-7-en-1 -yl)aluminum (DIBAO) was synthesized by hydroalumination of excess 1 ,7-octadiene using di(isobutyl)aluminum hydride at 60 °C for 6 h in a 200 ml_ Schlenk flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The remaining reagents (for example 1 ,7-octadiene) after the hydroalumination reaction were removed by evacuation. Typical procedure for synthesis of LLDPE-qraff-PPDL copolymers via ROP.
  • Copolymerization reactions of ethylene/di(isobutyl)(oct-7-en-1 -yl)aluminum (DI BAO) were carried out in stainless steel Buchi reactors (300 ml_). Prior to the polymerization, the reactor was dried in vacuo at 40 °C and flushed with nitrogen. Toluene (90 ml_), MAO solution (30% w/w in toluene) were introduced into the reactor and stirred at 150 rpm for 20-30 min.
  • DI BAO ethylene/di(isobutyl)(oct-7-en-1 -yl)aluminum
  • a solution of di(isobutyl)(oct-7-en-1 -yl)aluminum (DI BAO) comonomer was introduced under nitrogen atmosphere as a second type of olefin monomer comprising a main group metal hydrocarbyl functionality.
  • the mixture was stirred for 10 min and saturated with lower flow of ethylene.
  • the reaction was started by the addition of the predefined amount of rac-Me2Si(lnd)2ZrCl2 catalyst solution under an inert atmosphere.
  • the reactor was then pressurized to the desired pressure (2 bars) with ethylene and the pressure was maintained constant during the polymerization time (30 min) at 40 °C. At the end of the reaction, the ethylene feed was stopped and the residual ethylene was vented off.
  • N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-propanediamine (2.0 g, 5.7 mmol) was suspended in toluene (30 mL) under N2 flow. Subsequently, AI(CH3)3 (2 M solution in toluene, 2.85 ml_, 5.7 mmol) was added via syringe and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. The thus obtained solution was concentrated to half the original volume and pale yellow needles of Al-salen catalyst were isolated with a yield of 90%.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation de copolymères greffés à base de polyoléfine comprenant une première séquence polyoléfinique ramifiée à chaîne courte fonctionnalisée et une ou plusieurs chaînes latérales polymères. La polyoléfine ramifiée à chaîne courte fonctionnalisée est obtenue par copolymérisation d'un monomère d'oléfine et d'une oléfine portant une fonctionnalité hydrocarbyle métallique en groupe principal. Les copolymères greffés selon l'invention peuvent ensuite être obtenus par exemple par polymérisation par décyclisation de monomères cycliques ou par transestérification d'un polymère transestérifiable préformé, notamment des polyesters ou polycarbonates. Des copolymères greffés à base de polyoléfine obtenus par ledit procédé sont en outre décrits.
PCT/EP2016/078297 2015-12-09 2016-11-21 Procédé de préparation de copolymères greffés à base de polyoléfine comprenant une première séquence polyoléfinique ramifiée à chaine courte fonctionnalisée et une ou plusieurs chaînes latérales polymères WO2017097569A1 (fr)

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CN111491958A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2020-08-04 Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 制备无定形官能化烯烃共聚物的方法

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CN111491958A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2020-08-04 Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 制备无定形官能化烯烃共聚物的方法
CN111491957A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2020-08-04 Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 制备半结晶聚烯烃离聚物的方法

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