WO2017092607A1 - 一种超临界水氧化反应控制系统 - Google Patents

一种超临界水氧化反应控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017092607A1
WO2017092607A1 PCT/CN2016/107185 CN2016107185W WO2017092607A1 WO 2017092607 A1 WO2017092607 A1 WO 2017092607A1 CN 2016107185 W CN2016107185 W CN 2016107185W WO 2017092607 A1 WO2017092607 A1 WO 2017092607A1
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reactor
delivery line
water
pipeline
temperature
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PCT/CN2016/107185
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王冰
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王冰
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/02—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices for feeding measured, i.e. prescribed quantities of reagents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0033—Optimalisation processes, i.e. processes with adaptive control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/008—Feed or outlet control devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
    • B01J2204/002—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the feeding side being of particular interest
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
    • B01J2204/005—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the outlet side being of particular interest
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
    • B01J2204/007—Aspects relating to the heat-exchange of the feed or outlet devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2219/00058—Temperature measurement
    • B01J2219/00063—Temperature measurement of the reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2219/00065—Pressure measurement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
    • B01J2219/00195—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system
    • B01J2219/00198—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system at the reactor inlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
    • B01J2219/00195—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system
    • B01J2219/002—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system inside the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
    • B01J2219/00195—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system
    • B01J2219/00202—Sensing a parameter of the reaction system at the reactor outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of equipment for supercritical water oxidation reaction system, in particular to a supercritical water oxidation reaction control system.
  • SCWO supercritical water oxidation
  • Supercritical Water refers to water in a special state where the temperature exceeds 374.15 ° C and the pressure exceeds 22.12 MPa. Since supercritical water is an excellent solvent for both organic matter and oxidant, supercritical water oxidation can be used for the treatment of various toxic and hazardous waste water, waste and sludge, and has a high removal rate for most refractory organic substances. It has been proved that the organic wastewater with organic carbon content between 27,000 and 33000 mg/L is treated by supercritical water oxidation, the destruction rate of organic carbon exceeds 99.97%, and all organic matter is converted into carbon dioxide and water.
  • the present invention provides a supercritical system for data acquisition, storage, analysis and equipment critical area video surveillance that can be automatically controlled for a supercritical water oxidation reaction system.
  • Water oxidation reaction control system Water oxidation reaction control system.
  • a supercritical water oxidation reaction control system comprises an oxidant delivery line, a fuel delivery line, a material delivery line, a reactor, a gaseous product discharge unit, a liquid product discharge unit and a control unit, and an output end of the oxidant delivery line is connected
  • the output end of the road is connected to the material inlet of the reactor;
  • the gaseous product discharge unit comprises a gaseous product discharge line and a water storage tank connected to the gas phase outlet of the reactor; characterized in that: an oxidant delivery line, a fuel delivery line, a material delivery tube
  • the road also includes a sensor connected to the pipeline and a field execution component; the gaseous product discharge pipeline is sequentially connected to the hot end pipeline of the heat exchanger in the oxidant delivery pipeline and the material delivery pipeline, and the output end is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank;
  • the gaseous product discharge unit further comprises an evaporation wall water pipeline, a bottom water inlet pipeline and a cooling water pipeline, wherein the evaporation wall water pipeline connects the water storage tank and the evaporation wall water inlet of the reactor, and the tempered water enters the reactor interior through the evaporation wall.
  • the bottom water inlet pipe connects the water storage tank and the bottom water inlet of the reactor to make the normal temperature water enter the bottom of the reactor;
  • the cooling water pipeline connects the water storage tank and the cooling water inlet, so that the normal temperature water enters the cooling tray provided near the burner in the reactor.
  • the liquid product discharge unit comprises an inorganic salt storage tank connected to the reactor liquid discharge port; the top of the inorganic salt storage tank is provided with a communication pipe extending into the bottom of the reactor, and the top of the communication pipe is the maximum height that the liquid level at the bottom of the reactor can reach. ;
  • the control unit includes a sensor, a field execution component, a controller, a host computer, and the field execution component is electrically connected with the controller.
  • the controller and the host computer exchange data through bus control, and the sensor and the host computer are connected by signals; the working process of the control unit includes :
  • the sensor collects the temperature, pressure, flow rate and liquid level data of the oxidant delivery line, the fuel delivery line, the material delivery line, the reactor, the gaseous product discharge unit, and the liquid product discharge unit, and passes the sensing data through the controller. Collected into the host computer; the operating state parameters of the field execution component are input to the host computer through the controller;
  • the host computer performs a startup process, a parking process, an emergency stop process, a temperature adjustment process, and a pressure adjustment process according to the sensing data and the operating state parameters, and outputs a control signal to the controller to control each field execution component;
  • the on-site execution components include a pressure regulating valve provided at the gas phase outlet of the reactor, a shut-off valve provided at the inlet of the inorganic salt storage tank, and a pressure regulating valve provided at the outlet, a shut-off valve provided by the fuel delivery line, a first flow regulating valve, and a first supercharging Pump, material delivery line set shut-off valve, second flow regulating valve, second boosting pump, oxidant delivery line set shut-off valve, pressure regulating valve, third flow regulating valve, third boosting pump, evaporation wall
  • the sensor comprises a first temperature sensor disposed at a gas phase outlet of the reactor, a first pressure sensor, a second temperature sensor disposed inside the reactor, a liquid level sensor disposed on the inorganic salt storage tank, and a first flow rate of the material delivery pipeline The second flow meter of the fuel delivery line and the third flow meter of the oxidant delivery line.
  • the steps of the startup process include:
  • the system is initialized, setting the flow value of the first water pump of the evaporation wall water pipeline and the second water pump of the bottom water inlet pipeline, and starting the first water pump and the second water pump;
  • the temperature of the fuel is lowered to a set value by adjusting the first flow regulating valve of the fuel delivery line;
  • the steps of the parking process include:
  • the steps of the emergency stop process include:
  • the steps of the temperature adjustment process include:
  • the temperature value of the first temperature sensor of the gas phase outlet of the reactor is monitored in real time, and interlocked with the third water pump flow of the cooling water pipeline: when the temperature of the first temperature sensor is higher than When setting the value, increase the flow rate of the third water pump; otherwise, reduce the flow rate of the third water pump to ensure that the temperature of the gas phase outlet of the reactor is maintained at T2 ⁇ 10 ° C;
  • the outlet temperature of the heating element of the oxidant delivery line, the evaporation wall water line, the fuel supply unit and the material delivery line is PID adjusted with the heating power thereof;
  • T Real-time monitoring of the temperature sensor at the inlet and outlet of the reactor connected to the oxidant delivery line, the gaseous product discharge line, the fuel delivery line, and the material delivery line to ensure the temperature field of the reactor and avoid the temperature change of the reactor And caused instability.
  • step J the PID adjustment is implemented by the intelligent secondary meter, and the steps thereof include:
  • thermocouple for temperature detection of the heating element
  • U. Reactor gas phase outlet pressure regulation the pressure regulating valve provided at the gas phase outlet of the reactor adjusts the pressure of the gas phase outlet of the reactor;
  • Reactor liquid phase outlet pressure regulation the liquid phase outlet of the reactor is sealed by the liquid level adjustment of the inorganic salt storage tank, and the liquid level of the inorganic salt storage tank is adjusted by a pressure regulating valve provided at the outlet of the inorganic salt storage tank. To ensure the pressure inside the reactor;
  • the above-mentioned PC software monitors the on-site process flow: all data is displayed in real time, and real-time data curves are generated to observe the process dynamics and provide a basis for on-site operation control. All analog data passes historical variables and establishes history. The data report is connected with the historical variable respectively, and then the historical variable is viewed in the report viewer. The historical variable is updated once in 0.2 seconds. At the same time, the historical data curve is established and the historical variable is associated, and the historical data is exported and archived through the export tool, and the operation can be performed at the same time. The event is recorded, and the process of variable change is associated with the operational event to find out the specific reasons for the change of the process data, and provide a reliable basis for experimental research.
  • the control unit further includes a video monitoring unit, the video monitoring unit is connected with the upper computer signal, the video monitoring unit comprises a video surveillance camera, the video surveillance camera is installed in multiple directions at the top of the reactor, the oxidant delivery pipeline, the fuel delivery pipeline, The material conveying pipeline, the four directions above the booster pump area of the gaseous product discharge pipeline, the liquid oxygen storage tank outlet in the oxidant delivery pipeline, the oxidant delivery pipeline, the fuel delivery pipeline, the material conveying pipeline, and the gaseous state The outlet of each heating element of the product discharge line.
  • the supercritical water oxidation reaction control system of the present invention can discharge the oxidant delivery line, the fuel delivery line, the material delivery line, the gaseous product discharge unit, the reactor, and the liquid product through the monitoring software built in the upper unit of the control unit.
  • the current operating status of the unit is monitored, and the process parameters are adjusted according to the monitoring data to optimize the working efficiency of the supercritical water oxidation reaction control system, and the system startup, shutdown, emergency shutdown, temperature regulation, pressure regulation process, and equipment are provided.
  • Video surveillance in key areas; data generated by system operation can achieve effective acquisition, storage and analysis, provide a reliable basis for system process adjustment and optimization, and provide necessary conditions for stable, safe and reliable operation of the system.
  • the supercritical water oxidation reaction control system of the invention monitors the on-site process flow in the upper computer software: all data is displayed in real time, and real-time data curves are generated to observe the process dynamics, and provide basis for on-site operation control, all simulations
  • the quantity data is established by establishing historical variables, and establishing historical data reports to be connected with historical variables, and then viewing historical variables in the report viewer.
  • the historical variables are updated once in 0.2 seconds, and historical data curves are established and historical variables are associated, and the export tool will be Historical data is exported and archived, and operational events can be recorded, and the process of variable change can be correlated with operational events to find out the specific reasons for the change of process data, and provide a reliable basis for experimental research.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a control system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a process diagram of a supercritical water oxidation reaction system of the present invention.
  • a supercritical water oxidation reaction control system comprising an oxidant delivery line 101, a fuel delivery line 102, a material delivery line 103, a reactor 7, a gaseous product discharge unit, a liquid product discharge unit and a control unit, and an oxidant
  • the output end of the transfer line is connected to the oxidant inlet of the reactor; the output end of the fuel delivery line is connected to the fuel inlet of the reactor; the output end of the material delivery line is connected to the material inlet of the reactor; the gaseous product discharge unit includes the gas phase of the reactor
  • the gaseous product exiting the outlet is discharged from line 104.
  • the oxidant delivery pipeline, the fuel delivery pipeline, and the material delivery pipeline further comprise a sensor connected to the pipeline and a field execution component; the gaseous product discharge pipeline is sequentially connected to the oxidant delivery pipeline and the material delivery pipeline.
  • the hot end pipeline of the device enters the water storage tank after two gas-liquid separations; the evaporation wall water pipeline connects the water storage tank and the evaporation wall water inlet of the reactor, and the tempered water enters the reactor through the evaporation wall.
  • the bottom water inlet pipe connects the water storage tank and the quench water inlet of the bottom of the reactor to make the normal temperature water enter the bottom of the reactor;
  • the cooling water pipeline connects the water storage tank and the cooling water inlet, so that the normal temperature water enters the vicinity of the burner in the reactor.
  • the liquid product discharge unit comprises a liquid product discharge line 108 connected to the reactor liquid discharge port and the inorganic salt storage tank 28;
  • the top of the inorganic salt storage tank is provided with a communication pipe extending into the bottom of the reactor, the top of the communication pipe It is the maximum height of the liquid level at the bottom of the reactor;
  • the oxidant includes oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the like.
  • the control unit includes a sensor, a field execution component, a controller, and a host computer.
  • the controller further includes a central processing unit, a digital input unit DI, a digital output unit DO, an analog input unit AI, and an analog output unit AO.
  • the field execution component and the controller are connected through the input and output modules DI, DO, AI, AO, and the central processor and the host computer and the touch screen exchange data through the bus control technology.
  • the working process of the control unit includes:
  • the sensor collects sensor data of temperature, pressure, flow rate, liquid level, etc. of the oxidant delivery line, fuel delivery line, material delivery line, reactor, gaseous product discharge unit, liquid product discharge unit, and sensor data It is transmitted to the upper computer through the controller; the operating state parameters of the boosting component and the field executing component are collected by the controller into the upper computer.
  • the host computer executes the starting process, the parking process, the emergency stop process, the temperature adjustment process and the pressure regulation process according to the sensing data and the operating state parameters, and outputs a control signal to the controller to control each field execution component.
  • the field execution component mainly includes a pressure regulating valve 47 disposed at the gas phase outlet of the reactor, a shutoff valve 71 disposed at the inlet of the inorganic salt storage tank 27, and a first pneumatic regulating valve 72 disposed at the outlet; a second pneumatic shutoff valve of the fuel disposed in the fuel delivery pipeline 65.
  • the water pump 10, the third water pump 17 provided in the cooling water pipeline, the oxidant delivery pipeline 101, the fuel delivery pipeline 102, the material delivery pipeline 103, and the evaporation wall water pipeline 105 are respectively provided with heating elements.
  • the control unit also includes a video monitoring unit, the video monitoring unit is connected with the upper computer signal, the video monitoring unit includes a video surveillance camera, the video surveillance camera is installed in a plurality of directions at the top of the reactor 7, the oxidant delivery pipeline 101, the fuel delivery pipeline 102, The material conveying line 103, the four directions above the booster pump regions of the gaseous product discharge line 104, the liquid oxygen storage tank outlet in the oxidant delivery line 101, the oxidant delivery line 101, the fuel delivery line 102, and the material The delivery line 103, the outlet of each heating element of the gaseous product discharge line 104.
  • the sensor mainly comprises a first temperature sensor 48 disposed at the gas phase outlet of the reactor, a first pressure sensor 70, a second temperature sensor disposed inside the reactor, a liquid level sensor disposed on the inorganic salt storage tank, and a first flow rate of the material delivery pipeline.
  • the fuel 63 is a first flow meter 53 for the fuel delivery line, an oxidant pressure sensor 67 for the oxidant delivery line, and an oxidant first flow meter 66.
  • the sensor also includes an intelligent multi-function secondary meter including a heating element controller as a heating furnace, an on-site temperature display table, and an analog signal of the liquid level sensor for display and conversion into a digital switching signal.
  • On-site process monitoring in the PC software all data is displayed in real time, and real-time data curves are generated to observe the process dynamics and provide a basis for on-site operation control. All analog data is established by establishing historical variables and establishing historical data reports. Connect with historical variables, then view historical variables in the report viewer, update the historical variables in 0.2 seconds, establish historical data curves and associate historical variables, export and archive historical data through export tools, and record operational events. The process of variable change is associated with operational events to find out the specific reasons for the change of process data, and provide a reliable basis for experimental research.
  • the oxidant delivery line is sequentially connected to the oxidant storage tank 1, the third boosting pump 2, the vaporizer 3, the oxidant buffer tank 4, the oxidant heat exchanger 5, the first heating element 6, and the outlet of the oxidant delivery line is connected to the oxidant of the reactor. Entrance.
  • An oxidant pressure regulating valve 30, an oxidant pressure sensor 67, an oxidant third flow regulating valve 31, an oxidant first flow meter 66, a first oxidant pneumatic shut-off valve 32, and a first heating element 6 connected in parallel with the conveying line are disposed on the oxidant passage.
  • a second oxidant pneumatic shut-off valve 33 is mounted on the transfer line, and a third oxidant pneumatic shut-off valve 34, a fourth oxidant pneumatic shut-off valve 35, and a first heating element are respectively mounted on the parallel oxidant passages of the first heating element 6.
  • 6 connects the first heating unit controller 36.
  • the oxidant heat exchanger 5 is connected to the high pressure gas-liquid separator 24 and the gas recovery tank 25.
  • the fuel delivery line is sequentially connected to the fuel pump metering pump 11, the fourth water pump 12, the mixer 13, the fuel buffer tank 14, the first boost pump 15, the fourth heating element 16 (fuel heating unit), and the outlet connection of the fuel heating unit.
  • a fuel second pneumatic shut-off valve 65 is installed on the fuel passage, and the fuel second flow meter 56 and the second fuel flow The volume regulating valve 55, the fuel first flow meter 53, the fuel first flow regulating valve 52, and the fuel first pneumatic shutoff valve 49.
  • a fourth heating unit controller 54 is mounted on the fourth heating element 16 (fuel heating unit).
  • the material conveying pipeline is sequentially connected to the material conveying pump 18, the material conditioning tank 19, the material second boosting pump 20, the first casing heat exchanger 21, the second casing heat exchanger 22, and the fifth heating element 23 (Material heating unit), the outlet of the material heating unit is connected to the material inlet of the reactor.
  • a material first flow meter 63, a material second flow meter 64, and a fifth heating element 23 (material heating unit) are mounted on the material path, and a fifth heating unit controller 58 is connected to the fifth heating unit controller 58.
  • the material passage is provided with a material first pneumatic shut-off valve 51, a material second pneumatic shut-off valve 57, a material third pneumatic shut-off valve 59, and a material passage through the fifth heating element 23 (material heating unit), all passing through the third flow.
  • the regulating valve 45 is connected to the first material inlet of the reactor and the other is connected to the second material inlet of the reactor by a material second flow regulating valve 46.
  • a first pneumatic shut-off valve 50 is disposed between the fuel passage and the material passage.
  • a fuel third flow regulating valve 60 is disposed between the material conditioning tank 19 and the fuel buffer tank 14, and a fuel third flow meter 61; the material conditioning tank 19 is provided with a material fourth pneumatic shut-off valve 62.
  • a first water pump 8 is installed in a water pipeline, a second heating element 38 is installed, and a fifth water pump 9 and a third heating element 40, a second heating element 38 and a third heating element 40 are mounted on the other water pipe.
  • the water outlet is connected to the evaporation wall water inlet of the reactor.
  • the second heating element 38 is provided with a second heating unit controller 37, which is provided with a third heating unit controller 39.
  • the second water pump 10 is installed on the bottom water inlet pipe, and the outlet of the second water pump 10 is divided into two paths through the first flow meter 41, the first flow regulating valve 42 and the second flow meter 43, and the second flow regulating valve 44 is connected to the reactor.
  • the lower quench water inlet is connected to the reactor.
  • a third water pump 17 is installed on the cooling water pipe line and connected to the cooling water inlet at the lower portion of the reactor.
  • the heat source line of the oxidant heat exchanger 5 of the oxidant delivery line is directly connected to the water storage tank 29 through a line, and the line is further provided with a low pressure gas-liquid separator 26 and a second three-way pneumatic shut-off valve 76.
  • the gaseous product discharge line includes a gas line outlet connected to the reactor, and the line is connected to the second tube type heat exchanger 22, the hot end line of the first tube type heat exchanger 21, and is on the line thereof.
  • a first temperature sensor 48, a first pressure sensor 70, and a pressure regulating valve 47 are provided with a reactor gas phase outlet.
  • the gas in the hot end line of the first tube-type heat exchanger 21 is sent to the high-pressure gas-liquid separator 24 via the fourth pneumatic shut-off valve 74.
  • the material of the hot end line of the first tube-type heat exchanger 21 can also be discharged to the lagoon through the third pneumatic shut-off valve 73.
  • the liquid product discharge unit includes a liquid discharge passage connected to the lower liquid discharge port of the reactor, and an inorganic salt storage tank 27 connected to the liquid discharge passage, a salt storage tank 28, and a manual shutoff valve 71 provided on the liquid discharge passage, the first Gas
  • the regulating valve 72 is a first three-way pneumatic shut-off valve 75.
  • the reactor is a supercritical water oxidation reactor, which comprises a cylinder, a burner and an evaporation wall; an evaporation wall is arranged concentrically inside the cylinder, and a multi-stage annular sealing body is formed between the evaporation wall and the cylinder body along the axial direction of the cylinder body.
  • each slit has an evaporation wall water inlet on the cylinder, and the liquid which is introduced through the evaporation wall water inlet can penetrate through the evaporation wall to form a water film on the inner surface of the evaporation wall; the burner extends from the top of the cylinder The burner burner is located inside the cylinder.
  • the supercritical water oxidation reaction control system of the present invention is controlled by a control unit to realize the startup of the supercritical water oxidation reaction system, and the steps of the startup process include:
  • the pressure value of the oxidizing pressure regulating valve 30 is set to 24 MPa.
  • the third booster pump of the oxidant delivery line and the first booster pump of the fuel delivery line are then activated.
  • the third water pump of the cooling water pipeline is started, and the flow rate of the temperature sensor 48 and the third water pump are interlocked, and the gas phase outlet of the reactor is automatically controlled.
  • the temperature is 550 ° C ⁇ 10 ° C.
  • the first flow regulating valve on the fuel delivery line is adjusted.
  • the opening degree reduces the temperature of the second temperature sensor provided inside the reactor to a set value.
  • the first pneumatic shut-off valve 50 of the fuel delivery line is opened, and the first booster pump 15, the fuel metering pump 11, the fourth water pump 12, and the fourth heating element 16 are stopped, and the fuel is turned off first.
  • Pneumatic shut-off valve 49 is opened, and the first booster pump 15, the fuel metering pump 11, the fourth water pump 12, and the fourth heating element 16 are stopped, and the fuel is turned off first.
  • the supercritical water oxidation reaction control system of the present invention is controlled by the control unit to realize the parking of the supercritical water oxidation reaction system, and the steps of the parking process include:
  • the first water pump 8, the fifth water pump 9, the third water pump 17, and the second water pump 10 that evaporate the wall water pipeline, the cooling water pipeline, and the bottom water inlet pipeline are opened to the maximum; the fourth pneumatic shutoff valve is closed to the inorganic salt The outlet of the tank 27 is diverted to the material pool.
  • the first oxidant pneumatic shut-off valve 32 of the oxidant delivery line is closed, and the unheated material is introduced into the reactor.
  • the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor of the gas phase outlet of the reactor is less than 200 ° C, the material transportation is stopped.
  • the pump 18 and the second booster pump 20 close the material delivery line.
  • the supercritical water oxidation reaction control system of the invention is controlled by the control unit to realize the temperature control of the supercritical water oxidation reaction system, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • the temperature value of the first temperature sensor 48 of the gas phase outlet of the reactor 7 is monitored in real time, and is interlocked with the flow rate of the third water pump 17 of the cooling water pipeline: when the first temperature sensor 48 When the temperature value is higher than the set value, the flow rate of the third water pump 17 is increased; otherwise, the flow rate of the third water pump 17 is decreased to ensure that the temperature of the gas phase outlet of the reactor is maintained at T2 ⁇ 10 ° C; (T2 is 550 ° C).
  • the outlet temperature of the heating element of the oxidant delivery line, the evaporation wall water line, the fuel supply unit and the material delivery line is PID-adjusted with its heating power.
  • PID adjustment is realized by intelligent secondary meter, and the steps include:
  • thermocouple for temperature detection of the heating element
  • T Real-time monitoring of the temperature sensor at the inlet and outlet of the reactor connected to the oxidant delivery line, the gaseous product discharge line, the fuel delivery line, and the material delivery line to ensure the temperature field of the reactor and avoid the temperature change of the reactor And caused instability.
  • the temperature monitoring of the reactor 7 is taken as an example: a temperature sensor is provided for the inlet and outlet of each material of the reactor 7, and the temperature of each inlet and outlet is monitored in real time, so that the temperature field of the reactor 7 is ensured, and the reactor 7 is prevented from being caused by temperature changes. Unstable.
  • the heat generated during the operation of the system is subjected to two consecutive heat exchanges through the first and second casing heat exchangers 21 and 22, and the material is subjected to heat balance calculation twice.
  • the temperature after heat exchange does not exceed 350 ° C.
  • the fifth heating element 23 is activated to compensate the temperature at which the material enters the reactor 7.
  • the supercritical water oxidation reaction control system of the present invention is controlled by a control unit to implement a pressure regulation process of the supercritical water oxidation reaction system, and the steps of the pressure regulation process include:
  • Reactor liquid phase outlet pressure regulation the liquid phase outlet of the reactor is sealed by the liquid level adjustment of the inorganic salt storage tank 27, and the liquid level of the inorganic salt storage tank is adjusted by a pressure regulating valve provided at the outlet of the inorganic salt storage tank. To ensure the pressure inside the reactor;

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Abstract

一种超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其包括氧化剂输送管路(101)、燃料输送管路(102)、物料输送管路(103)、反应器(7)、气态产物排出单元、液态产物排出单元及控制单元，控制单元包括传感器、现场执行部件、控制器、上位机，现场执行部件与控制器通过输入输出模块进行连接，传感器、控制器与上位机通过通信协议进行信号连接；传感器及现场执行部件设置在氧化剂输送管路(101)、燃料输送管路(102)、物料输送管路(103)、反应器(7)、气态产物排出单元、液态产物排出单元上。通过控制单元实现系统的启动、停车、紧急停车过程、温度调节及压力调节等控制过程。

Description

一种超临界水氧化反应控制系统 技术领域
本发明设计涉及超临界水氧化反应系统设备技术领域，具体的说是一种超临界水氧化反应控制系统。
背景技术
超临界水氧化(SCWO)技术最早是在20世纪80年代中期由美国学者Modell提出的一项能完全地、彻底地将有机物结构破坏的深度氧化技术。美国国家关键技术所列的六大领域之一“能源与环境”中指出，最有前途的废物处理技术是SCWO法。
超临界水(Supercritical Water，简称SCW)是指温度超过374.15℃，压力超过22.12Mpa的特殊状态的水。由于超临界水对有机物和氧化剂都是极好的溶剂，超临界水氧化法可用于各种有毒有害废水、废物及污泥的处理，对于大多数难降解有机物均具有很高的去除率。有试验证明，有机碳含量在27000～33000mg/L之间的有机废水经超临界水氧化法处理，有机碳的破坏率超过99.97％，并且所有有机物都转化为二氧化碳和水。
但是由于超临界水氧化反应的苛刻条件(374.15℃，22.12Mpa)，很多工艺难以保持平稳的运行，而对于超临界压力容器的设计计算，材料的选择依据，以及反应点火温度、灭或温度、反应压力等参数仅靠经验去摸索，造成超临界水氧化反应系统的升级及大型化、工业化进程缓慢，且系统运行所产生的数据缺乏有效的采集、存储、分析，为系统工艺调整及优化提供可靠的依据，也给系统稳定、安全、可靠运行提供必要条件。
发明内容
针对现有超临界水氧化反应控制系统的不足之处，本发明提供一种可对超临界水氧化反应系统实施自动控制的具有数据采集、存储、分析的并配备设备关键区域视频监控的超临界水氧化反应控制系统。
本发明解决其技术问题是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种超临界水氧化反应控制系统，包括氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、反应器、气态产物排出单元、液态产物排出单元及控制单元，氧化剂输送管路的输出端连接反应器的氧化剂入口；燃料输送管路的输出端连接反应器的燃料入口；物料输送管 路输出端连接至反应器的物料入口；气态产物排出单元包括与反应器气相出口连接的气态产物排出管路和储水罐；其特征在于：氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路中还包括连接在管路上的传感器和现场执行部件；气态产物排出管路依次连接氧化剂输送管路和物料输送管路上换热器的热端管路，输出端连接储水罐的入口；
气态产物排出单元还包括蒸发壁水管路、底部入水管路和冷却水管路，其中蒸发壁水管路连接储水罐和反应器的蒸发壁水入口，经过调温的水通过蒸发壁进入反应器内部；底部入水管路连接储水罐和反应器底部入水口，使常温水进入反应器底部；冷却水管路连接储水罐和冷却水入口，使常温水进入反应器内燃烧嘴附近设置的冷却盘管；液态产物排出单元包括与反应器液体排出口连接的无机盐储罐；无机盐储罐顶部设置伸入反应器底部的连通管，连通管的顶部为反应器底部液面能达到的最大高度；
控制单元包括传感器、现场执行部件、控制器、上位机，现场执行部件与控制器电连接，控制器与上位机通过总线控制进行数据交换，传感器与上位机通过信号连接；控制单元的工作过程包括：
1)传感器采集氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、反应器、气态产物排出单元、液态产物排出单元的温度、压力、流量和液位数据，并将传感数据经过控制器采集至上位机中；现场执行部件的运行状态参数经控制器输入至上位机中；
2)上位机根据传感数据及运行状态参数执行启动过程、停车过程、紧急停车过程、温度调节过程和压力调节过程，向控制器输出控制信号，控制各现场执行部件；
现场执行部件包括反应器气相出口设置的压力调节阀，无机盐储罐入口设置的截止阀和出口设置的压力调节阀，燃料输送管路设置的截止阀、第一流量调节阀、第一增压泵，物料输送管路设置的截止阀、第二流量调节阀、第二增压泵，氧化剂输送管路设置的截止阀、调压阀、第三流量调节阀、第三增压泵，蒸发壁水管路设置的第一水泵，底部入水管路设置的第二水泵，冷却水管路设置的第三水泵，氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、蒸发壁水管路上分别设置的加热元件。
所述的传感器包括反应器气相出口设置的第一温度传感器、第一压力传感器，反应器内部设置的第二温度传感器，无机盐储罐上设置的液位传感器，物料输送管路的第一流量计，燃料输送管路的第二流量计，氧化剂输送管路的第三流量计。
启动过程的步骤包括：
A.系统初始化，设定蒸发壁水管路的第一水泵、底部入水管路的第二水泵的流量值，并启动第一水泵和第二水泵；
B.设定反应器气相出口的压力调节阀的压力值为P1，并强制关闭无机盐储罐出口的截止阀，打开无机盐储罐入口的调节阀；当反应器气相出口的第一压力传感器的压力值稳定在P1时，设定无机盐储罐的液位，通过液位自动控制无机盐储罐出口的压力调节阀的开度；
C.设定燃料输送管路的燃料浓度，打开燃料输送管路上的截止阀；
D.根据第二流量计所测的燃料流量和第一流量计所测的物料流量，计算氧化剂流量，设定第三流量调节阀的氧化剂流量值；
E.设定氧化剂输送管路的调压阀的压力值为P2；
F.启动氧化剂输送管路的第三增压泵及燃料输送管路的第一增压泵；
G.启动氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、蒸发壁水管路上的加热元件，对氧化剂、燃料和蒸发壁水进行预热，使其达到设定值；
H.待反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器测值T1时，启动冷却水管路的第三水泵，将反应器气相出口温度在T2±10℃，其中T2＞T1；
I.反应器内部的第二温度传感器检测的温度分布正常后，通过调节燃料输送管路的第一流量调节阀，将燃料的温度降低至设定值；
J.关闭燃料输送管路设置的截止阀，同时关闭物料输送管路的加热元件，利用换热器供热，设定第一流量计的流量值，启动第二增压泵；如果物料温度未达到设定值，则启动物料输送管路的加热元件；
K.待反应稳定后，停止第一增加泵，并关闭燃料输送管路的截止阀。
停车过程的步骤包括：
L.将蒸发壁水管路、冷却水管路、底部入水管路的第一水泵、第三水泵和第二水泵开到最大；将无机盐储罐的出口转向物料池；
M.切断氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的加热元件，关闭氧化剂输送管路的截止阀，将未经加热的物料通入反应器中，待反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器测得的温度小于200℃时，关闭物料输送管路；
N.待第一温度传感器测得的温度小于100℃时，系统整体泄压、停机。
紧急停车过程的步骤包括：
O.关闭氧化剂输送管路的截止阀，切断氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的加热元件，打开无机盐储罐的入口，将无机盐储罐的出口转向物料池；
P.将冷却水管路上的第三水泵开到最大，并停止其他各路水泵；
Q.待反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器测得的温度小于50℃后，系统整体泄压、停机。
温度调节过程的步骤包括：
R.系统运行过程中，实时监控反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器的温度值变化，并将其与冷却水管路的第三水泵流量进行联锁控制：当第一温度传感器的温度值高于设定值时，增加第三水泵的流量；反之则降低第三水泵的流量，以保证反应器气相出口的温度维持在T2±10℃；
S.氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的加热元件的出口温度与其加热功率进行PID调节；
T.实时监控设置在反应器与氧化剂输送管路、气态产物排出管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路连接的进出口的温度传感器，保证反应器的温度场，避免反应器因温度变化而引起的不稳定。
步骤J中，PID调节通过智能二次表实现，其步骤包括：
a)设定加热元件温度检测用热电偶的温度检测范围；
b)分别设定温度高限报警、温度底限报警和温度偏差上限报警和温度偏差下限报警，并分别由智能二次表输出干接点的报警信号传输至控制器，并在上位机生成报警事件记录；
c)将智能多功能二次表设定为子整定模式，仪表在经过两个振荡周期的ON-OFF控制后，自动计算出加热元件对应的PID参数，可以根据加热元件的功率和升温速率计算出PID参数及控制周期。
8.根据权利要求2的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：压力调节过程的步骤包括：
U.反应器气相出口压力调节：通过反应器气相出口设置的压力调节阀调节反应器气相出口的压力；
V.反应器液相出口压力调节：反应器液相出口通过无机盐储罐的液位调节来实现封压，通过无机盐储罐出口设置的压力调节阀来调节无机盐储罐的液位，以保证反应器内部的压力；
W.设定反应器气相出口的安全压力范围，通过第一压力传感器对反应器气相出口的压力进行监控；当反应器气相出口的压力传感器检测的压力值超限、底限和突变时，通过步 骤U和W调节反应器内部压力。
所述的上位机软件中进行现场工艺流程的监控：所有数据进行实时显示，并生成实时数据曲线，以便观察工艺动态，为现场操作控制提供依据，所有模拟量数据通过建立历史变量，并建立历史数据报表分别与历史变量做连接，然后在报表查看器中查看历史变量，历史变量0.2秒更新一次，同时建立历史数据曲线并关联历史变量，通过导出工具将历史数据导出并存档，同时可以对操作事件进行记录，将变量变化的过程与操作事件相关联，找出工艺数据变化的具体原因，为实验研究提供可靠依据。
所述的控制单元还包括视频监控单元，视频监控单元与上位机信号连接，视频监控单元包括视频监控摄像头，视频监控摄像头安装于反应器顶端多个方向，氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、气态产物排出管路的各增压泵区域的上方的四个方向，氧化剂输送管路中液氧储罐出口，氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、气态产物排出管路的各加热元件的出口。
本发明的优点和有益效果为：
1.本发明的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，可以通过控制单元上位机内置的监控软件对氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、气态产物排出单元、反应器、液态产物排出单元当前的运行状况进行监控，依据监控数据调整工艺参数，使超临界水氧化反应控制系统的工作效率达到最优化，实现系统的启动、停机、紧急停机、温度调节、压力调节过程，并配备设备关键区域视频监控；系统运行所产生的数据可实现有效的采集、存储、分析，为系统工艺调整及优化提供可靠的依据，给系统稳定、安全、可靠运行提供必要条件。
2.本发明的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，上位机软件中进行现场工艺流程的监控：所有数据进行实时显示，并生成实时数据曲线，以便观察工艺动态，为现场操作控制提供依据，所有模拟量数据通过建立历史变量，并建立历史数据报表分别与历史变量做连接，然后在报表查看器中查看历史变量，历史变量0.2秒更新一次，同时建立历史数据曲线并关联历史变量，通过导出工具将历史数据导出并存档，并可以对操作事件进行记录，将变量变化的过程与操作事件相关联，找出工艺数据变化的具体原因，为实验研究提供可靠依据。
附图说明
图1为本发明的控制系统结构框图；
图2为本发明的超临界水氧化反应系统工艺图。
附图标记
1-氧化剂储罐，2-第三增压泵，3-汽化器，4-氧化剂缓冲罐，5-氧化剂换热器，6-第一加热元件，7-反应器，8-第一水泵，9-第五水泵、10-第二水泵，11-燃料泵计量泵，12-第四水泵，13-混合器，14-燃料缓冲罐，15-第一增压泵，16-第四加热元件，17-第三水泵，18-物料输送泵，19-物料调质罐，20-第二增压泵，21-第一套管式换热器，22-第二套管式换热器，23-第五加热元件，24-高压气液分离器，25-气体回收罐，26-低压气液分离器，27-无机盐储罐，28-储盐罐，29-储水罐，30-氧化剂调压阀，31-氧化剂第三流量调节阀，32-第一氧化剂气动截止阀，33-第二氧化剂气动截止阀，34-第三氧化剂气动截止阀，35-第四氧化剂气动截止阀，36-第一加热单元控制器，37-第二加热单元控制器，38-第二加热元件，39-第三加热单元控制器，40-第三加热元件，41-第一流量计，42-第一流量调节阀，43-第二流量计，44-第二流量调节阀，45-第三流量调节阀，46-物流第二流量调节阀，47-压力调节阀，48-反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器，49-燃料第一气动截止阀，50-第一气动截止阀，51-物料第一气动截止阀，52-燃料第一流量调节阀，53-燃料第一流量计，54-第四加热单元控制器，55-燃料第二流量调节阀，56-燃料第二流量计，57-物料第二气动截止阀，58-第五加热单元控制器，59-物料第三气动截止阀，60-燃料第三流量调节阀，61-燃料第三流量计，62-物料第四气动截止阀，63-物料第一流量计，64-物料第二流量计，65-燃料第二气动截止阀，66-氧化剂第一流量计，67-氧化剂压力传感器，70-第一压力传感器，71-手动截止阀，72-第一气动调节阀，73-第三气动截止阀，74-第四气动截止阀，75-第一三通气动截止阀，76-第二三通气动截止阀。
101-氧化剂输送管路、102-燃料输送管路、103-物料输送管路、104-气态产物排出管路、105-蒸发壁水管路、106-底部入水管路、107-冷却水管路、108-液体产物排出管路。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种超临界水氧化反应控制系统，包括氧化剂输送管路101、燃料输送管路102、物料输送管路103、反应器7、气态产物排出单元、液态产物排出单元及控制单元，氧化剂 输送管路的输出端连接反应器的氧化剂入口；燃料输送管路的输出端连接反应器的燃料入口；物料输送管路输出端连接至反应器的物料入口；气态产物排出单元包括与反应器气相出口连接的气态产物排出管路104。
其中，氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路中还包括连接在管路上的传感器和现场执行部件；气态产物排出管路依次连接氧化剂输送管路和物料输送管路上套管换热器的热端管路，输出端经两次气液分离后进入储水罐；蒸发壁水管路连接储水罐和反应器的蒸发壁水入口，经过调温的水通过蒸发壁进入反应器内部；底部入水管路连接储水罐和反应器底部的急冷水入水口，使常温水进入反应器底部；冷却水管路连接储水罐和冷却水入口，使常温水进入反应器内燃烧嘴附近设置的冷却盘管；液态产物排出单元包括与反应器液体排出口连接的液体产物排出管路108及无机盐储罐28；无机盐储罐顶部设置伸入反应器底部的连通管，连通管的顶部为反应器底部液面的最大高度；氧化剂包括氧气、双氧水等。
如图1所示，控制单元包括传感器、现场执行部件、控制器、上位机。控制器又包括中央处理器、数字量输入单元DI、数字量输出单元DO、模拟量输入单元AI和模拟量输出单元AO。现场执行部件与控制器通过输入输出模块DI、DO、AI、AO进行连接，中央处理器与上位机和触摸屏通过总线控制技术进行数据交换。控制单元的工作过程包括：
1)传感器采集氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、反应器、气态产物排出单元、液态产物排出单元的温度、压力、流量、液位等传感数据，并将传感数据经控制器传输至上位机中；增压元件、现场执行部件的运行状态参数经控制器采集至上位机中。
2)上位机根据传感数据和运行状态参数执行启动过程、停车过程、紧急停车过程、温度调节过程和压力调节过程，向控制器输出控制信号，控制各现场执行部件。
现场执行部件主要包括反应器气相出口设置的压力调节阀47，无机盐储罐27入口设置的截止阀71和出口设置的第一气动调节阀72；燃料输送管路设置的燃料第二气动截止阀65、燃料第一流量调节阀52、第一增压泵15；物料输送管路设置的物料第一气动截止阀51、物料第二流量调节阀46、第二增压泵20；氧化剂输送管路设置的第一氧化剂气动截止阀32、氧化剂调压阀30、氧化剂第三流量调节阀31、第三增压泵2；蒸发壁水管路设置的第一水泵8，底部入水管路设置的第二水泵10，冷却水管路设置的第三水泵17，氧化剂输送管路101、燃料输送管路102、物料输送管路103、蒸发壁水管路105上分别设置的加热元件。
控制单元也包括视频监控单元，视频监控单元与上位机信号连接，视频监控单元包括视频监控摄像头，视频监控摄像头安装于反应器7顶端多个方向，氧化剂输送管路101、燃料输送管路102、物料输送管路103、气态产物排出管路104的各增压泵区域的上方的四个方向，氧化剂输送管路101中液氧储罐出口，氧化剂输送管路101、燃料输送管路102、物料输送管路103、气态产物排出管路104的各加热元件的出口。
传感器主要包括反应器气相出口设置的第一温度传感器48、第一压力传感器70，反应器内部设置的第二温度传感器，无机盐储罐上设置的液位传感器，物料输送管路的第一流量计63，燃料输送管路的燃料第一流量计53，氧化剂输送管路的氧化剂压力传感器67、氧化剂第一流量计66。传感器还包括智能多功能二次表，智能多功能二次表包括作为加热炉加热元件控制器、现场温度显示表以及将液位传感器的模拟量信号进行显示并转换成数字量开关信号。
上位机软件中进行现场工艺流程的监控：所有数据进行实时显示，并生成实时数据曲线，以便观察工艺动态，为现场操作控制提供依据，所有模拟量数据通过建立历史变量，并建立历史数据报表分别与历史变量做连接，然后在报表查看器中查看历史变量，历史变量0.2秒更新一次，同时建立历史数据曲线并关联历史变量，通过导出工具将历史数据导出并存档，同时可以对操作事件进行记录，将变量变化的过程与操作事件相关联，找出工艺数据变化的具体原因，为实验研究提供可靠依据。
如图2中所示，为清楚说明本发明，现对本发明超临界水氧化反应系统的实施例进行说明：
氧化剂输送管路依次连接氧化剂储罐1、第三增压泵2、汽化器3，氧化剂缓冲罐4、氧化剂换热器5、第一加热元件6，氧化剂输送管路的出气口连接反应器的氧化剂入口。在氧化剂通路上设置有氧化剂调压阀30，氧化剂压力传感器67，氧化剂第三流量调节阀31，氧化剂第一流量计66，第一氧化剂气动截止阀32；第一加热元件6与输送管路并联，并在输送管路上安装-第二氧化剂气动截止阀33，在第一加热元件6的并联氧化剂通路上分别安装-第三氧化剂气动截止阀34，第四氧化剂气动截止阀35，第一加热元件6连接第一加热单元控制器36。氧化剂换热器5连接高压气液分离器24及气体回收罐25。
燃料输送管路依次连接燃料泵计量泵11，第四水泵12，混合器13，燃料缓冲罐14，第一增压泵15，第四加热元件16(燃料加热单元)，燃料加热单元的出口连接反应器的燃料入口。在燃料通路上安装有燃料第二气动截止阀65，燃料第二流量计56、燃料第二流 量调节阀55，燃料第一流量计53，燃料第一流量调节阀52，燃料第一气动截止阀49。在第四加热元件16(燃料加热单元)上安装第四加热单元控制器54。
物料输送管路依次连接物料输送泵18，物料调质罐19，物料第二增压泵20，第一套管式换热器21，第二套管式换热器22，第五加热元件23(物料加热单元)，物料加热单元的出口连接反应器的物料入口。在物料通路上设置有物料第一流量计63，物料第二流量计64；第五加热元件23(物料加热单元)上安装第五加热单元控制器58，与第五加热单元控制器58连接的物料通路上设置有物料第一气动截止阀51，物料第二气动截止阀57，物料第三气动截止阀59，经第五加热元件23(物料加热单元)后的物料通路，一路通过第三流量调节阀45连接至反应器的第一物料入口，另一路通过物料第二流量调节阀46连接至反应器的第二物料入口。燃料通路与物料通路之间连接设置第一气动截止阀50。
物料调质罐19与燃料缓冲罐14之间连接设置燃料第三流量调节阀60，燃料第三流量计61；物料调质罐19设置有物料第四气动截止阀62。
蒸发壁水管路中在一水管路安装第一水泵8，第二加热元件38，在另一水管路上安装第五水泵9及第三加热元件40，第二加热元件38及第三加热元件40的出水口连接反应器的蒸发壁水入口。第二加热元件38设置有第二加热单元控制器37，第三加热元件40设置有第三加热单元控制器39。
底部入水管路上安装第二水泵10，第二水泵10的出口分成两路分别通过第一流量计41，第一流量调节阀42及第二流量计43，第二流量调节阀44连接至反应器下部的急冷水入口。
冷却水管路上安装第三水泵17，连接至反应器下部的冷却水入口。
氧化剂输送管路的氧化剂换热器5的热源管路与储水罐29直接通过管路连接，该管路上又设置有低压气液分离器26和第二三通气动截止阀76。
气态产物排出管路包括反应器的气相出口连接的管路，管路与第二套管式换热器22、第一套管式换热器21的热端管路连接，并在其管路上设置有反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器48、第一压力传感器70、压力调节阀47。第一套管式换热器21的热端管路里的气体经第四气动截止阀74输送至高压气液分离器24。系统出现紧急情况下，第一套管式换热器21的热端管路的物料也可通过第三气动截止阀73排放至污水池。
液态产物排出单元包括与反应器下部液体排出口连接的液体排出通路，及连接于液体排出通路上的无机盐储罐27，储盐罐28，液体排出通路上设置有手动截止阀71，第一气 动调节阀72，第一三通气动截止阀75。
反应器为超临界水氧化反应器，包括筒体、燃烧器、蒸发壁；筒体内部同心设置蒸发壁，蒸发壁与筒体之间形成沿筒体轴向分布的多级环状的封闭的狭隙，每个狭隙在筒体上开有蒸发壁水入口，经由蒸发壁水入口通入的液体能够通过蒸发壁渗入，在蒸发壁内表面形成水膜；燃烧器自筒体顶部伸入，燃烧器的燃烧嘴位于筒体内。
本发明的超临界水氧化反应控制系统由控制单元控制实现超临界水氧化反应系统的启动，启动过程的步骤包括：
A.系统初始化，设定第一水泵8、第五水泵9、第二水泵10的流量值，并启动上述三个水泵。
B.设定反应器气相出口压力调节阀的压力值为23MPa，并强制关闭无机盐储罐出口的第一气动调节阀72，将无机盐储罐入口的手动截止阀71设定为常开，待第一压力传感器70检测的压力值稳定在23MPa的时候，设定无机盐储罐27的液位值，通过无机盐储罐上的液位来自动控制第一气动调节阀72的开度。
C.通过设定燃料计量泵11和第四水泵12的流量值来调节燃料缓冲罐14中燃料的浓度，燃料和水经混合器13均匀混合进入燃料缓冲罐14，打开燃料第二气动截止阀65。
D.设定燃料第一流量调节阀52的流量值为0，并设定燃料第二流量调节阀55的流量值，并设定第二增压泵20的流量值为0，根据燃料第一流量计53、燃料第二流量计56和物料第二流量计64所侧流量值计算其流量值的和，计算氧化剂流量，并乘上设定好的过氧系数，自动设定氧化剂第三流量调节阀31的流量值。
E.设定氧化剂调压阀30的压力值为24MPa。
F.然后启动氧化剂输送管路的第三增压泵及燃料输送管路的第一增压泵。
G.打开第二、三氧化剂气动截止阀，标号分别为33、34，关闭第四氧化剂气动截止阀35，设定氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、蒸发壁水管路上的第一、二、三、四加热元件，标号分别为6、38、40、16的加热温度值，并启动各加热元件，对氧化剂、燃料和蒸发壁水进行预热，使其达到设定值；
H.待反应器气相出口第一温度传感器48检测到的温度大于500℃时，启动冷却水管路第三水泵，并将温度传感器48与第三水泵的流量进行联锁，自动控制反应器气相出口的温度为550℃±10℃。
I.反应器中温度检测的温度分布正常后，通过调节燃料输送管路上的第一流量调节阀 的开度将反应器内部设置的第二温度传感器的温度降低到设定值。
J.关闭燃料输送管路的第一气动截止阀50，打开物料第二气动截止阀57，并关闭物料输送管路的第一、三物料气动截止阀51、59，设定物料第二流量计64的流量值，并启动第二增压泵20，如果温度传感器TIC(2)的温度值未达到设定值，则打开第五加热元件，打开第一、三物料气动截止阀51、59，并关闭物料第二气动截止阀57。
K.待反应稳定后将燃料输送管路的第一气动截止阀50打开，并停止第一增压泵15、燃料计量泵11、第四水泵12和第四加热元件16，并关闭燃料第一气动截止阀49。
本发明的超临界水氧化反应控制系统由控制单元控制实现超临界水氧化反应系统的停车，停车过程的步骤包括：
L.将蒸发壁水管路、冷却水管路、底部入水管路的第一水泵8、第五水泵9、第三水泵17和第二水泵10开到最大；关闭第四气动截止阀，将无机盐储罐27的出口转向物料池。
M.切断氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的第一、第二、第三、第四、第五加热元件，标号分别为6、38、40、16、23，关闭氧化剂输送管路的第一氧化剂气动截止阀32，将未经加热的物料通入反应器中，待反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器测得的温度小于200℃时，停止物料输送泵18、第二增压泵20，关闭物料输送管路。
N.待第一温度传感器测得的温度小于100℃时，系统整体泄压、停机。
超临界水氧化反应系统的紧急停车过程如下：
O.关闭氧化剂输送管路的第一氧化剂气动截止阀32，切断氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的加热元件，打开无机盐储罐的入口，将第一气动三通截止阀75即无机盐储罐的出口转向污水池。
P.将冷却水管路上的第三水泵17开到最大，并停止其他各路水泵。
Q.待反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器测得的温度小于50℃后，系统整体泄压、停机。
本发明的超临界水氧化反应控制系统由控制单元控制实现超临界水氧化反应系统的温度控制，具体步骤为：
R.系统运行过程中，实时监控反应器7气相出口的第一温度传感器48的温度值变化，并将其与冷却水管路的第三水泵17流量进行联锁控制：当第一温度传感器48的温度值高于设定值时，增加第三水泵17的流量；反之则降低第三水泵17的流量，以保证反应器气相出口的温度维持在T2±10℃；(T2为550℃)。
S.氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的加热元件的出口温度与其加热功率进行PID调节。
PID调节通过智能二次表实现，其步骤包括：
a)设定加热元件温度检测用热电偶的温度检测范围；
b)分别设定温度高限报警、温度底限报警和温度偏差上限报警和温度偏差下限报警，并分别由智能二次表输出干接点的报警信号传输至控制器，并在上位机生成报警事件记录；
c)将智能多功能二次表设定为子整定模式，仪表在经过两个振荡周期的ON-OFF控制后，自动计算出加热元件对应的PID参数，可以根据加热元件的功率和升温速率计算出PID参数及控制周期。
T.实时监控设置在反应器与氧化剂输送管路、气态产物排出管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路连接的进出口的温度传感器，保证反应器的温度场，避免反应器因温度变化而引起的不稳定。
反应器7温度监控为例：为反应器7的各物料进出口设置有温度传感器，实时监控各进出口的温度，这样保证了反应器7的温度场，避免了反应器7因温度变化而引起的不稳定。
以物料进料口的温度监控为例，系统运行过程中产生的热量对物料经第一、2套管式换热器21、22进行连续两次换热，经热量平衡计算，物料经两次换热后的温度不会超过350℃，当温度传感器TIC(10)检测的温度值低于350℃时，启动第五加热元件23，对物料进入反应器7的温度进行补偿。
本发明的超临界水氧化反应控制系统由控制单元控制实现超临界水氧化反应系统的压力调节过程，压力调节过程的步骤包括：
U.反应器气相出口压力调节：通过反应器气相出口设置的压力调节阀47调节反应器气相出口的压力；
V.反应器液相出口压力调节：反应器液相出口通过无机盐储罐27的液位调节来实现封压，通过无机盐储罐出口设置的压力调节阀来调节无机盐储罐的液位，以保证反应器内部的压力；
W.设定反应器气相出口的安全压力范围，通过第一压力传感器70对反应器气相出口 的压力进行监控；当反应器气相出口的压力传感器检测的压力值超限、底限和突变时，通过步骤U和W调节反应器内部压力。
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例和附图，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内，各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的，因此，本发明的范围不局限于实施例和附图所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超临界水氧化反应控制系统，包括氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、反应器、气态产物排出单元、液态产物排出单元及控制单元，氧化剂输送管路的输出端连接反应器的氧化剂入口；燃料输送管路的输出端连接反应器的燃料入口；物料输送管路输出端连接至反应器的物料入口；气态产物排出单元包括与反应器气相出口连接的气态产物排出管路和储水罐；其特征在于：氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路中还包括连接在管路上的传感器和现场执行部件；气态产物排出管路依次连接氧化剂输送管路和物料输送管路上换热器的热端管路，输出端连接储水罐的入口；
    气态产物排出单元还包括蒸发壁水管路、底部入水管路和冷却水管路，其中蒸发壁水管路连接储水罐和反应器的蒸发壁水入口，经过调温的水通过蒸发壁进入反应器内部；底部入水管路连接储水罐和反应器底部入水口，使常温水进入反应器底部；冷却水管路连接储水罐和冷却水入口，使常温水进入反应器内燃烧嘴附近设置的冷却盘管；液态产物排出单元包括与反应器液体排出口连接的无机盐储罐；无机盐储罐顶部设置伸入反应器底部的连通管，连通管的顶部为反应器底部液面能达到的最大高度；
    控制单元包括传感器、现场执行部件、控制器、上位机，现场执行部件与控制器电连接，控制器与上位机通过总线控制进行数据交换，传感器与上位机通过信号连接；控制单元的工作过程包括：
    1)传感器采集氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、反应器、气态产物排出单元、液态产物排出单元的温度、压力、流量和液位数据，并将传感数据经过控制器采集至上位机中；现场执行部件的运行状态参数经控制器输入至上位机中；
    2)上位机根据传感数据及运行状态参数执行启动过程、停车过程、紧急停车过程、温度调节过程和压力调节过程，向控制器输出控制信号，控制各现场执行部件；
    现场执行部件包括反应器气相出口设置的压力调节阀，无机盐储罐入口设置的截止阀和出口设置的压力调节阀，燃料输送管路设置的截止阀、第一流量调节阀、第一增压泵，物料输送管路设置的截止阀、第二流量调节阀、第二增压泵，氧化剂输送管路设置的截止阀、调压阀、第三流量调节阀、第三增压泵，蒸发壁水管路设置的第一水泵，底部入水管路设置的第二水泵，冷却水管路设置的第三水泵，氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、蒸发壁水管路上分别设置的加热元件。
  2. 根据权利要求1的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器包括反应器气相出口设置的第一温度传感器、第一压力传感器，反应器内部设置的第二温度传感器，无机盐储罐上设置的液位传感器，物料输送管路的第一流量计，燃料输送管路的第二 流量计，氧化剂输送管路的第三流量计。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：启动过程的步骤包括：
    A.系统初始化，设定蒸发壁水管路的第一水泵、底部入水管路的第二水泵的流量值，并启动第一水泵和第二水泵；
    B.设定反应器气相出口的压力调节阀的压力值为P1，并强制关闭无机盐储罐出口的截止阀，打开无机盐储罐入口的调节阀；当反应器气相出口的第一压力传感器的压力值稳定在P1时，设定无机盐储罐的液位，通过液位自动控制无机盐储罐出口的压力调节阀的开度；
    C.设定燃料输送管路的燃料浓度，打开燃料输送管路上的截止阀；
    D.根据第二流量计所测的燃料流量和第一流量计所测的物料流量，计算氧化剂流量，设定第三流量调节阀的氧化剂流量值；
    E.设定氧化剂输送管路的调压阀的压力值为P2；
    F.启动氧化剂输送管路的第三增压泵及燃料输送管路的第一增压泵；
    G.启动氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、蒸发壁水管路上的加热元件，对氧化剂、燃料和蒸发壁水进行预热，使其达到设定值；
    H.待反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器测值T1时，启动冷却水管路的第三水泵，将反应器气相出口温度在T2±10℃，其中T2＞T1；
    I.反应器内部的第二温度传感器检测的温度分布正常后，通过调节燃料输送管路的第一流量调节阀，将燃料的温度降低至设定值；
    J.关闭燃料输送管路设置的截止阀，同时关闭物料输送管路的加热元件，利用换热器供热，设定第一流量计的流量值，启动第二增压泵；如果物料温度未达到设定值，则启动物料输送管路的加热元件；
    K.待反应稳定后，停止第一增加泵，并关闭燃料输送管路的截止阀。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：停车过程的步骤包括：
    L.将蒸发壁水管路、冷却水管路、底部入水管路的第一水泵、第三水泵和第二水泵开到最大；将无机盐储罐的出口转向物料池；
    M.切断氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的加热元件， 关闭氧化剂输送管路的截止阀，将未经加热的物料通入反应器中，待反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器测得的温度小于200℃时，关闭物料输送管路；
    N.待第一温度传感器测得的温度小于100℃时，系统整体泄压、停机。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：紧急停车过程的步骤包括：
    O.关闭氧化剂输送管路的截止阀，切断氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的加热元件，打开无机盐储罐的入口，将无机盐储罐的出口转向物料池；
    P.将冷却水管路上的第三水泵开到最大，并停止其他各路水泵；
    Q.待反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器测得的温度小于50℃后，系统整体泄压、停机。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：温度调节过程的步骤包括：
    R.系统运行过程中，实时监控反应器气相出口的第一温度传感器的温度值变化，并将其与冷却水管路的第三水泵流量进行联锁控制：当第一温度传感器的温度值高于设定值时，增加第三水泵的流量；反之则降低第三水泵的流量，以保证反应器气相出口的温度维持在T2±10℃；
    S.氧化剂输送管路、蒸发壁水管路、燃料供应单元及物料输送管路的加热元件的出口温度与其加热功率进行PID调节；
    T.实时监控设置在反应器与氧化剂输送管路、气态产物排出管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路连接的进出口的温度传感器，保证反应器的温度场，避免反应器因温度变化而引起的不稳定。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：步骤J中，PID调节通过智能二次表实现，其步骤包括：
    a)设定加热元件温度检测用热电偶的温度检测范围；
    b)分别设定温度高限报警、温度底限报警和温度偏差上限报警和温度偏差下限报警，并分别由智能二次表输出干接点的报警信号传输至控制器，并在上位机生成报警事件记录；
    c)将智能多功能二次表设定为子整定模式，仪表在经过两个振荡周期的ON-OFF控制后，自动计算出加热元件对应的PID参数，可以根据加热元件的功率和升温速率计算出PID参数及控制周期。
  8. 根据权利要求2的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：压力调节过程的步骤包括：
    U.反应器气相出口压力调节：通过反应器气相出口设置的压力调节阀调节反应器气相出口的压力；
    V.反应器液相出口压力调节：反应器液相出口通过无机盐储罐的液位调节来实现封压，通过无机盐储罐出口设置的压力调节阀来调节无机盐储罐的液位，以保证反应器内部的压力；
    W.设定反应器气相出口的安全压力范围，通过第一压力传感器对反应器气相出口的压力进行监控；当反应器气相出口的压力传感器检测的压力值超限、底限和突变时，通过步骤U和W调节反应器内部压力。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8之一所述的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：上位机软件中进行现场工艺流程的监控：所有数据进行实时显示，并生成实时数据曲线，以便观察工艺动态，为现场操作控制提供依据，所有模拟量数据通过建立历史变量，并建立历史数据报表分别与历史变量做连接，然后在报表查看器中查看历史变量，历史变量0.2秒更新一次，同时建立历史数据曲线并关联历史变量，通过导出工具将历史数据导出并存档，同时可以对操作事件进行记录，将变量变化的过程与操作事件相关联，找出工艺数据变化的具体原因，为实验研究提供可靠依据。
  10. 根据权利要求1-8之一所述的超临界水氧化反应控制系统，其特征在于：所述的控制单元还包括视频监控单元，视频监控单元与上位机信号连接，视频监控单元包括视频监控摄像头，视频监控摄像头安装于反应器顶端多个方向，氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、气态产物排出管路的各增压泵区域的上方的四个方向，氧化剂输送管路中液氧储罐出口，氧化剂输送管路、燃料输送管路、物料输送管路、气态产物排出管路的各加热元件的出口。
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