WO2017082839A1

WO2017082839A1 - Earthquake isolator and production method of such an isolator

Info

Publication number: WO2017082839A1
Application number: PCT/TR2016/000163
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ugur Gunduz
Original assignee: Ugur Gunduz
Priority date: 2015-11-13
Filing date: 2016-11-11
Publication date: 2017-05-18

Abstract

The invention is related to an earthquake isolator (10) providing strength to the construction by absorbing the forces in different directions that occur during an earthquake, which is comprised of an upper body (7) in a convex form and lower body (8) located between an upper chassis (5) and lower chassis (1), having flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) between them.

Description

DESCRIPTION

EARTHQUAKE ISOLATOR AND PRODUCTION METHOD OF AUCH AN ISOLATOR

Technical Field

The invention is related to earthquake isolator which provides endurance of construction wherein it is located, by absorbing the forces in different directions that occur during earthquake.

State of Art

Various types of seismic waves spread from the center with faulting which creates earthquake. These are longitudinal waves, transversal and surface waves. Transversal wave is called P wave. P waves create particle motion in the same direction with spreading direction. Transversal wave which is called S wave cause particle motion in perpendicular direction to spreading direction.

In accordance with the state of art, building constructions which are more enduring to earthquakes is prevalent with the intent of protecting them from the effects caused by the earthquakes. The purpose of these executions is to provide constructions having the strength of enduring against the forces which occur by earthquake. Yet, constituting that kind of constructions necessitates high budgets in terms of cost. Even though the constructions are strengthened on the other hand, the constructions that are built cannot endure to the forces over a specific level because of the fact that providing endurance to the earthquake waves creating high forces is technically difficult.

Due to the handicaps which are told above, instead of building constructions with high strength nowadays, the systems which provide the building to accord with the seismic energy caused by the earthquake began to become prevalent. These systems are called earthquake isolator systems or seismic isolator systems.

Seismic construction isolation; is a system which is developed as to protect constructions from earthquake effect Purpose of the system is to decrease earthquake loads which affect a construction. Seismic isolation is an approach of an enduring arrangement of the seismic energy which reaches to the building to base on the basis of decreasing by extending the periods of the buildings instead of

instead of increasing the endurance capacity of construction against earthquake.

Consequently, in a construction which is seismically isolated, these are provided;

• Elastic behavior is provided.

· Forces that are coming to the construction decrease.

• Floor acceleration (motion transformation differences) decreases .

• Displacements between the floors decrease, almost every floor has the same displacement.

Seismic isolation systems are recently being executed in the world. The system which is found and developed by Dr. Robinson in 1970s for the first time is the rubber isolator which is used in many places of the world even now.

In order to minimalize the constructions to be affected less by the forces of the earthquakes, the most basic solution probably is to use isolator based on rubber. These members provide that the upper parts of the construction are affected less by the quakes by means of absorbing the force of earthquake. In this way, the construction is isolated from quake in foundation ground.

A layer of fine rubber,

laminated rubber blocks that are laminally made prepared within the form of steel in a layer constitutes the body of seismic isolator. Rubber blocks that are formed as to increase the rigidity and restrain sliding deformation are supported with lead core in the center.

In WO2014104995 numbered patent application, a seismic isolator which is comprised of lead-rubber isolators is described. In the relative patent application, earthquake isolator laminated with the rigid polyurethane elastomer material and strengthened with the steel metal derivative plates, by resisting against the cutting forces of the horizontal earthquake with the dynamic vertical column weights that the constructions are exposed during earthquake, which absorbs these forces, is described.

In JP2011256564 numbered patent application, a seismic isolator which can be made of thermoplastic resin or metal is described. The structure aforementioned has a unit element, a base body part, an inner thermoplastic body section which is opened towards the base body portion and which lies in perpendicular direction to the base body part. The inner thermoplastic body portions of these rotate towards one another for constituting a unite. Constituted portions of the seismic isolator form are used by having located in the foundation of the construction.

Constituted seismic isolator can absorb the motions occurred by the earthquake by having comprised of a material similar to rubber with high elastic effect which is located in interspace and of a thermoplastic resin or metal.

As it is described above, the isolator having rubber, have the blocks that are comprised of supported layers. These blocks, with the perpendicular oscillation as the result of the forces occurred by the earthquake, the construction can move compatibly with the earthquake. Therefore, the rubber isolators splendidly absorb the hits of the earthquake, yet they are insufficient for horizontal motions. Another deficiency formed as a result of the usage of the rubber isolators is that the construction which is constituted by rubber supports is damaged as the result of the ruptures when earthquake intensity is over a specific value and that the system becomes functionless . After these ruptures, because of the fact that the construction moves with a specific period within perpendicular oscillation motion, the damage which will be formed in the construction can be more comparing to the systems that do not comprise isolator .

Seismic isolators based on friction absorbs the energy arrived owing to the fact that the bearing element which can be slide over the concave spherical surface has the feature of elevating the building during the horizontal motion by using special metals. In this way, earthquake effect decreases at the ratio of 80%. Earthquake energy is absorbed by using structure weight depending on pendulum principle of the concave section.

In WO1999/007966 numbered patent application, seismic isolators running based on friction are described. According to the description which is the subject of WO1999/007966 numbered application, bearings having ball and ball support that are located between the construction and foundation are used. Either the ball itself or the surface wherein it is rolled can be compressed. It provides the friction braking force resisting the rolling ball that resist against being compressed. That force provides absorbing the relative motion between the construction and foundation.

It is observed that the earthquake motions can be absorbed within the isolators based on friction that are known, yet, that the compensating the perpendicular earthquake motions is insufficient. Hybrid systems are tried to be used for overcoming the technical problems caused by this situation.

The usage of the hybrid systems, isolators based on rubber under the inner columns of a steel construction, isolators based on friction under outer columns wherein the load is light can be predicted.

Another technical problem which occurs in the isolators based on friction is the risk or rupture under the pendulum in constructions of which weights are large. This situation restrains the area of utilization belonging to the isolators based on friction and causes the isolators based on rubber to be preferred.

Another example which can be given to seismic isolator systems is railed earthquake isolator. These systems can absorb the forces caused by the earthquake with the movable mechanisms on the rail that they have in their structures.

In EP2198099B1 numbered patent application; a bi-directional sliding pendulum type of seismic isolator having a lower sliding portion that are perpendicular according to one another in a large scale and comprising opposite cylindrical concave surfaces and an upper sliding portion with rail shape, is described. A first and second inter portions equipped with a cylindrical convex sliding surface providing that each of the sliding portion slides over the cylindrical concave surface of the lower and upper sliding portions are arranged. Each of the first and second portions are equipped with cylindrical concave surface perpendicular to sliding surface belonging to themselves and between them, a third inter portion is arranged which is equipped with a lower and an upper surface of which axes are perpendicular to one another that are cylindrical convex surfaces. The inter portions constitute a joint point having a cylindrical shaped dual seat, enabling the motion and the relative rotation between the railed shaped sliding portions, providing that the joint point of the isolator is dimensioned in bi^¬ directional sliding direction as the function of main load conditions and rotations, in this way, futile and extra dimensioning is avoided and the designing solutions and production costs are optimized. In railed earthquake isolators, bi-directional absorbing is provided by impelling the earthquake motions to x and y planes, yet it is impossible to provide absorption within inter directions.

Problems that the Invention Purposes to Solve

Purpose of the invention is to constitute a hybrid isolator structure that does not comprise technical problems occur in isolators based on rubber, seismic isolators based on friction and railed earthquake isolator.

Purpose of this invention is to provide an isolator structuring wherein rupture problems that are often faced within isolators based on rubber, comprising also thermoplastic materials similar to rubber in their structure do not occur. Another purpose of the invention is to create an earthquake isolator compatible with absorbing all the force vectors formed in various axis by the earthquake.

Another purpose of the invention is to execute isolator structuring which can endure to earthquake waves with high intensity in a construction.

Description of the Figures Figure 1 is the sectional view of isolator structuring

Description of the References in the Figures

1. Lower chassis 2. Lower chassis fixing

3. Chassis protrusion

4. Body recess

5. Upper chassis

6. Upper chassis fixing

7. Upper body

Lower body

9. Rigid plate

10. Flexible plate

Explanation of the Invention

Earthquake isolator which is the subject of the invention and located in the construction may provide the construction oscillate in accordance with the earthquake by being located between the factors.

For instance, earthquake isolator which the subject of the invention may be located between cellar ceiling and ground floor ceiling. The best places for this settlement are the columns that constitute the construction. Isolator structuring may be located in the space point which is interspaced between the columns. As to make the isolator located, the upper section of the space to be interspaced between the columns is equipped with upper chassis (5) to be embedded inside the material (for example, concrete) to constitute the construction factor and the lower section of the space is equipped with lower chassis (1) to be embedded inside the material (for example, concrete) to constitute the construction factor. Earthquake isolator which is the subject of the invention is comprised of an upper body (7) and lower body (8) in convex form that are located between an upper chassis (5) and lower chassis (1), having flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) .

Numbers of the flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) that are located between upper body (7) and lower body (8) are adjusted according to the forces affecting on isolator structuring. These forces vary depending on the floor wherein the isolator structuring is located, the section wherein isolator is located in horizontal plane of the construction, or depending on total weight of the construction. Upper body (7) and lower body (8) are comprised of two independent bodies in an execution according to the invention In various executions of the invention may have upper body (7) and lower body (8) as one-piece. Upper body (7) and lower body (8) are designed in a convex form. Body structuring (whole body) which is comprised of upper body (7) and lower body (8) in this way, by moving between upper chassis (1) and lower chassis (1) with the forces caused by earthquake, provides a compatible motion with earthquake waves of the construction.

Flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) are located between upper body (7) and lower body (8) . Flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) are located between upper body (7) and lower body (8) if necessary. Apart from that, at least one section of the space which is formed in the inter space can be filled with the material which constitutes the upper body (7) and lower body ( 8 ) . Flexible plates (10) which are the subject of the invention may be made of thermoplastic with the intent of providing the necessary flexibility. An execution according to the invention, flexible plates (10) are made of flexible plates (10) .

Rigid plates (9) which are the subject of the invention may be made of metal with the intent of providing strength which is necessary for the construction. According to an execution of the invention, the metal plates are made of steel.

At least one space section on rigid plates (9) exists as to flexible plates (10) provide more enduring combination with rigid plates (9) .

It is prevented that the flexible plates (10) to collapse as the result of the forces affecting on the systems by combining flexible plates (10) with the rigid plates (9) .

Lower chassis fixing (2) and upper chassis fixing (6) are located between upper chassis (5) and lower chassis (1) as so side sections of the body which are constituted by upper body (7) and lower body (8) are closed.

According to Figure 1, lower chassis fixing (2) and upper chassis fixing (6) are located as a space is provided between them. Upper chassis (5) or lower chassis (1) on at least one chassis protrusion (3) . body recess (4) can be located on upper body (7) in case the chassis protrusion (3) is on upper chassis (5) and body recess (4) can be located on lower body (8) in case chassis protrusion (3) is on lower chassis (1) .

The invention is compatible with processing by having chassis protrusion / protrusions (3) on both upper chassis (5) and lower chassis (1) and body recess / recesses (4) on both upper body (7) and lower body (8) .

According to Figure 1, chassis protrusion (3) is located on lower chassis (1) and body recess (4) is located on lower body (8) . While chassis protrusion (3) is designed in an ellipsis mound in the figure, body recess (4) is a cavity in an ellipsis form. According to Figure 1, the whole body which is constituted by upper body (7) and lower body (8) is in ellipsis form and it is comprised of upper body (7) in half portion of an ellipsis and lower body (8) in half portion of an ellipsis. When the forces having constituted by earthquake affect on the construction, the body in ellipsis form can move as so body recess (4) will be center and transmit the oscillation motion to the construction. Owing to the fact that the whole body is in an ellipsis form, motion can be restrained since the force which is needed will increase when the motion in the center of body recess (4) of the whole body is over a specific angle. On the other hand, by means of the lower chassis fixing (1) which is located in two sides of the whole body and upper chassis fixing (6), its motion in the center of body recess of the whole body is restrained. By means of the structure which is told above, isolator mechanism will absorb the forces to be formed in various axis by the earthquake and help the construction to oscillate compatibly with these forces.

For instance, when the construction absorbs the force vectors reflecting with perpendicular direction to the isolator which is constituted by flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) existing in the isolator mechanism, the force vectors can be absorbed by the whole body existing convex surfaces.

While the whole body relating to earthquake isolator which is the subject of the invention is being constituted, the isolator is made prepared to heating treatment by closing upper body (7) after one piece of flexible plate (10) is sufficiently arrayed as one piece of rigid plate (9) corresponds on as long as starting with flexible plates (10) on lower body (8) . Then, by performing the heat treatment with a required amount as to flexible plates (10) melt in thermoplastic structure and it is provided that the spaces between rigid plates (9) are filled.

In this way, the plates (9,10) are interlocked one another. While the plates are (9,10) are interlocked one another, an interlock is provided with lower body (8) and upper body (7) at the same time.

Flexible plates (10) to perform this process, should have thermoplastic structure. In order to make the purpose actualized, flexible plates (10) are made of rubber according to an execution of the invention.

Claims

1. An earthquake isolator which provides strength to a construction by absorbing the forces in different directions that occur during earthquake and by having flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) in its structure is characterized in that; it is comprised of an upper body (7) in a convex form and lower body (8) located between an upper chassis (5) and lower chassis

(1), having flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) between them.

2. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has an upper chassis (5) and lower chassis (1) embedded into a material to constitute the construction factor.

3. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has an upper body (7) and a lower body (8) that are comprised of two independent body portions.

4. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has an upper body (7) and a lower body (8) as one-piece.

5. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has a whole body wherein at least one section of the space in the inter section except the flexible plate (10) and rigid plate (9) blocks that are located between is filled with the material which constitutes upper body (7) and lower body (8) .

6. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has flexible plates (10) made of thermoplastic.

7. According to Claim 6, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has flexible plates (10) made of rubber.

8. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has rigid plates (9) made of metal .

9. According to Claim 8, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has rigid plates (9) made of steel .

10. According to Claim 8, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has rigid plates (9) on which at least one space section exists.

11. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has lower chassis fixing (2) and lower chassis fixing (6) located between upper chassis (5) and a lower chassis (1), as so side sections of the whole body are partially or totally closed by upper body (7) and lower body (8) .

12. According to Claim 11, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has a lower chassis fixing

(2) and upper chassis fixing (6) that are interspaced.

13. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has

• upper chassis (5) or lower chassis (1) on at least one chassis protrusion (3),

• body recess (4) on upper body (7) in case chassis protrusion (3) is on upper chassis (5), and body recess (4) on lower body (8) in case chassis protrusion (3) is on lower chassis (1) .

14. According to Claim 13, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has chassis protrusion (3) which is located on lower chassis (1) and body recess (4) which is located on lower body (8) .

15. According to Claim 13 or 14, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has chassis protrusion (4) in an ellipsis mound and body recess (3) as a cavity in an ellipsis form.

16. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has chassis protrusion / protrusions (3) on both upper chassis (5) and lower chassis (1) and body recess / recesses (4) on both upper body (7) and lower body (8) .

17. According to Claim 1, an earthquake isolator is characterized in that; it has the whole body in an ellipsis form which is comprised of an upper body (7) as a half portion of an ellipsis and lower body (8) as a half portion of an ellipsis.

18. Earthquake isolator which provides strength of construction by absorbing the forces in different directions that occur during earthquake, having flexible plates (10) and rigid plates (9) in its structure is characterized by the step processes below;

· having upper body (7) closed after one piece of flexible plate (10) is sufficiently arrayed as one piece of rigid plate (9) corresponds on as long as starting with flexible plates (10) on lower body (8) ,

· performing the heat treatment with a required amount as to flexible plates (10) melt in thermoplastic structure, providing that the spaces between rigid plates (9) are filled.