WO2017082154A1 - Procédé de manipulation de joint équipé d'un film de support - Google Patents
Procédé de manipulation de joint équipé d'un film de support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017082154A1 WO2017082154A1 PCT/JP2016/082737 JP2016082737W WO2017082154A1 WO 2017082154 A1 WO2017082154 A1 WO 2017082154A1 JP 2016082737 W JP2016082737 W JP 2016082737W WO 2017082154 A1 WO2017082154 A1 WO 2017082154A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gasket
- carrier film
- main body
- pressing
- gasket body
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gasket according to a sealing technique, and more specifically, in a gasket with a carrier film, which is a combination of a rubber-only type gasket main body and a resin carrier film that holds the gasket main body, the carrier film is adhered to the gasket main body.
- the present invention relates to a method of handling a gasket with a carrier film for removal against the erosion.
- the gasket of the present invention is used, for example, as a fuel cell gasket or as a general gasket for other uses.
- Gaskets for fuel cells include rubber-only gaskets made of a single rubber-like elastic (rubber) gasket, a separator-integrated gasket in which a rubber-like elastic gasket is integrally molded with a separator, and a rubber-like elastic gasket.
- rubber-only gaskets made of a single rubber-like elastic (rubber) gasket
- separator-integrated gasket in which a rubber-like elastic gasket is integrally molded with a separator
- a rubber-like elastic gasket There are various types of gaskets such as a GDL integrated gasket formed integrally with GDL (gas diffusion layer).
- Rubber-only type gaskets are configured as shown in FIG. 13, for example.
- the gasket 11 as a whole has a flat shape (a flat plate shape), and an outer peripheral seal portion 12 for sealing around the reaction surface of the fuel cell over the entire circumference is provided in a flat rectangular frame shape. Moreover, since it is necessary to partition the reaction surface of the fuel cell and each manifold portion, inner seal portions 13 are integrally provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the outer peripheral seal portion 12.
- the cross-sectional shape of the gasket 11 is, for example, a circular cross section as shown in FIG.
- JP 2014-60133 A (refer to gasket 3 in FIG. 1 and the like)
- this fuel cell gasket 11 is generally set to have a planar outer shape of about 400 mm ⁇ 300 mm, while its cross-sectional shape (wire diameter) is set to be as small as about 1 mm to several mm. Accordingly, the gasket 11 alone is likely to be twisted during conveyance or stacking, and its handling workability (handling property) is not good.
- the applicant of the present application has previously developed a gasket 21 with a carrier film comprising a combination of a rubber-only type gasket main body 31 and a resin carrier film 41 holding the gasket main body 31 as shown in FIG.
- the rubber-only type gasket main body 31 is held by the carrier film 41 having a higher strength, so that it is difficult to cause twisting, thereby improving the handling workability. Can do.
- the gasket main body 31 is generally flat (flat) like the gasket 11 of FIG. 13, and an outer peripheral seal portion 32 that seals the entire periphery of the reaction surface of the fuel cell is a flat rectangular frame. It is provided in the shape.
- inner seal portions 33 are integrally provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the outer peripheral seal portion 32 to partition the reaction surface of the fuel cell and each manifold portion.
- the cross-sectional shape of the gasket body 31 is, for example, a circular cross section as shown in FIG.
- the carrier film 41 is made of a resin film having a flat rectangular shape that is slightly larger than the gasket body 31, and a gasket holding portion 42 having a three-dimensional shape for holding the gasket body 31 is formed on the plane. Yes.
- This gasket 21 with a carrier film is manufactured as follows.
- a mold for injection molding the rubber-only type gasket main body 31 can be used.
- a planar carrier film 41 cut into a planar shape of a predetermined size is prepared, and the carrier film 41 is sandwiched between parting portions 54 of a mold 51 as shown in FIG. In this state, the mold 51 is clamped.
- the mold 51 is composed of a combination of an upper mold (one split mold) 52 and a lower mold (the other split mold) 53, and the cavity portions 55 respectively correspond to the parting portions 54 of both molds 52 and 53. Is provided. Since the entire surface of the carrier film 41 is initially flat, the carrier film 41 is in a state of crossing the cavity portion 55.
- the gasket body 31 is molded by filling the cavity portion 55 with a molding material for molding the gasket body 31 and heating.
- the carrier film 41 is partially pressed on the inner surface of the cavity portion 55 of the lower mold 53 by the molding material filling pressure, and deformed along the inner surface of the cavity portion 55. (Plastic deformation), thereby forming a gasket holding portion 42 having a three-dimensional shape.
- the mold is opened, and the gasket body 31 and the carrier film 41 are simultaneously taken out from the mold 51 as shown in FIG.
- the taken-out gasket main body 31 and carrier film 41 are in a combined state in which the gasket main body 31 is held by the carrier film 41, and products are transported and stored in this combined state.
- the gasket main body 31 held by the carrier film 41 is less likely to be twisted and the like, so that the handling workability is improved as compared with the case where the gasket main body 31 is handled as a single item.
- the carrier film 41 is removed from the gasket body 31 and only the gasket body 31 is assembled.
- the gasket body 31 When the carrier film 41 is removed from the gasket body 31, for example, as shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, the gasket body 31 is set on the suction portion 62 of the vacuuming device 61 using the base as the base, and vacuuming (arrow S) is performed. In this state, the carrier film 41 is removed from the gasket body 31 while the gasket body 31 is fixed (adsorbed). At this time, since the carrier film 41 is not bonded to the gasket body 31, it should be easily removable. However, the gasket body 31 has adhesiveness on the surface due to its material characteristics and the like. If it adheres, the carrier film 41 must be strongly peeled off from the gasket body 31, which makes it difficult to remove.
- the present invention provides a gasket body when removing a carrier film from a gasket body in a gasket with a carrier film made of a combination of a rubber-only type gasket body and a resin carrier film that holds the gasket body.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of handling a gasket with a carrier film, which can easily remove the carrier film even if it adheres to the carrier film.
- a method for handling a gasket according to the present invention comprises a rubber-only type gasket body and a carrier film with a carrier film comprising a combination of a resin carrier film holding the gasket body and the carrier film from the gasket body.
- the carrier film is peeled off from the gasket body against the adhesive force, and as a pre-process of the peeling process, a press device is used.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive area of the gasket main body and the carrier film is reduced by pressing the gasket main body from the carrier film side, and the peeling step is performed in a state where the pressure-sensitive adhesive area is reduced.
- a step of peeling the carrier film from the gasket body against the adhesive force in a state where the gasket body is fixed to the base is performed, and a predetermined process is performed as a pre-process (pre-process).
- pre-process a predetermined process
- the adhesion area of the gasket body and carrier film is reduced according to the procedure. Therefore, since the peeling force can be reduced as much as the adhesive area is reduced, the removal operation can be facilitated.
- the carrier film has a three-dimensional gasket holding part deformed along the outer shape of the gasket main body in a portion where the gasket main body is overlapped on a plane, a part of the gasket main body or the inside of the gasket holding part is provided. Since the carrier film and the gasket main body are adhered in a state in which all are accommodated, the size of the adhesion area is defined by the area of the inner surface of the gasket holding portion. Therefore, in this case, as a pre-process, the adhesive area defined by the area of the inner surface of the gasket holding portion is reduced.
- the pressing device used in the pre-process of the peeling process a device having a pressing projection for pressing the gasket body from the carrier film side is suitable, and the width dimension of the pressing projection is particularly smaller than the width dimension of the gasket body.
- the peeling extends to both sides of the pressing protrusion, so that the peeling area is increased, and the adhesive area can be further reduced accordingly.
- a plurality of protrusions may be arranged side by side along the longitudinal direction of the gasket body.
- the space between the protrusions adjacent to each other may be The non-pressing portion is a non-pressing portion, and the carrier film is peeled off from the gasket body at the non-pressing portion. Therefore, the peeled area is increased also by this aspect, and the adhesive area can be further reduced accordingly.
- the gasket body adheres to the carrier film.
- the carrier film can be easily removed. Therefore, the carrier film removing operation can be facilitated, and the handleability of the gasket with the carrier film can be improved.
- the method for handling a gasket with a carrier film is to handle the gasket with a carrier film 21 shown in FIG. 1, that is, a rubber-only type gasket main body 31 and a resin carrier that holds the gasket main body 31.
- This is a method of removing the carrier film 41 from the gasket main body 31 in the gasket 21 with a carrier film made of a combination of the films 41.
- the gasket body 31 and the carrier film 41 are not bonded to each other, the gasket body 31 may stick to the carrier film 41 due to the material characteristics of the gasket body 31 and the like.
- the gasket body 31 is used, for example, as a fuel cell gasket.
- the gasket body 31 is formed in a flat shape (flat plate shape) as a whole by a predetermined rubber-like elastic body (for example, VMQ, PIB, EPDM, FKM, etc.), and seals around the reaction surface of the fuel cell over the entire circumference.
- An outer peripheral seal portion 32 is provided in a planar rectangular frame shape.
- inner seal portions (manifold seal portions) 33 are integrally provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the outer peripheral seal portion 32.
- Reference numeral 34 denotes a through hole portion (space portion) that penetrates the gasket body 31 in the thickness direction.
- the cross section of the gasket body 31 has a rectangular cross section, and a seal lip 35 having a triangular cross section is integrally formed on the top surface thereof.
- the carrier film 41 is made of a resin film having a flat rectangular shape that is slightly larger than the gasket main body 31, and is used to hold the gasket main body 31 in a part of the plane that overlaps the gasket main body 31.
- a gasket holding portion 42 having a three-dimensional shape is provided.
- the resin film for example, a polypropylene film having a thickness of 0.2 mm is used, which is cut into a predetermined planar shape.
- general resin materials such as polyethylene and polystyrene can be used as the resin film.
- the thickness of the film is preferably about 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, although it depends on the wire diameter and cross-sectional shape of the gasket body 31.
- the carrier film 41 is also referred to as a carrier sheet or a gasket holding member.
- the above-mentioned gasket 21 with a carrier film is manufactured as follows.
- a mold rubber mold for injection molding the rubber-only type gasket main body 31 can be used.
- a planar carrier film 41 cut into a planar shape of a predetermined size is prepared, and the carrier film 41 is sandwiched between parting portions 54 of a mold 51 as shown in FIG. In this state, the mold 51 is clamped.
- the mold 51 is composed of a combination of an upper mold (one split mold) 52 and a lower mold (the other split mold) 53, and the cavity portions 55 respectively correspond to the parting portions 54 of both molds 52 and 53. Is provided. Since the entire surface of the carrier film 41 is initially flat, the carrier film 41 is in a state of crossing the cavity portion 55.
- the gasket body 31 is molded by filling the cavity portion 55 with a molding material for molding the gasket body 31 and heating.
- the carrier film 41 is partially pressed on the inner surface of the cavity portion 55 of the lower mold 53 by the molding material filling pressure, and deformed along the inner surface of the cavity portion 55. (Plastic deformation), thereby forming a gasket holding portion 42 having a three-dimensional shape.
- the mold is opened, and the gasket body 31 and the carrier film 41 are simultaneously taken out from the mold 51 as shown in FIG.
- the taken-out gasket main body 31 and carrier film 41 are in a combined state in which the gasket main body 31 is held by the carrier film 41, and products are transported and stored in this combined state.
- the gasket main body 31 held by the carrier film 41 is less likely to be twisted, so that the handling workability can be improved as compared with the case where the gasket main body 31 is handled alone.
- the gasket main body 31 and the carrier film 41 are not bonded to each other, but the gasket main body 31 has adhesiveness on the surface due to the characteristics of the material of the gasket main body 31 and the convenience of molding by the mold 51. As a result, the gasket main body 31 may stick to the carrier film 41. Therefore, in this embodiment, the operation of removing the carrier film 41 from the gasket body 31 is performed according to the following procedure.
- a gasket 21 with a carrier film is set in a press device 71, and the gasket is used from the carrier film 41 side using this press device 71.
- the main body 31 is pressed, and thereby the adhesion area of the gasket main body 31 and the carrier film 41 is reduced.
- the carrier film 41 includes the gasket holding portion 42 having a three-dimensional shape deformed along the outer shape of the gasket main body 31 at a portion overlapping the gasket main body 31 on a plane, and holding the gasket having the three-dimensional shape. Since the carrier film 41 and the gasket body 31 are adhered in a state where a part or all of the gasket body 31 is accommodated inside the portion 42, the adhesion area of the carrier film 41 and the gasket body 31 is the inner surface of the gasket holding portion 42. Is defined by the area.
- the breakdown is that the gasket body 31 has a rectangular cross section, and therefore the area of the bottom surface portion 42 a of the gasket holding portion 42 that adheres to the bottom surface of the gasket body 31 and the gasket that adheres to a part of one side surface of the gasket body 31.
- This is the sum of the area of one side surface portion 42b of the holding portion 42 and the area of the other side surface portion 42c of the gasket holding portion 42 that adheres to a part of the other side surface of the gasket body 31.
- the bottom surface portion 42a of the gasket holding portion 42 is peeled off from the bottom surface of the gasket main body 31 at a part (both ends in the width direction), and as a result, the remaining adhesive portion is a part of the bottom surface portion 42a of the gasket holding portion 42. This is the only part (part of the center in the width direction), and this completes the previous process.
- a pressing protrusion 72 for pressing the gasket main body 31 from the carrier film 41 side (the bottom surface portion 42a side of the gasket holding portion 42) is provided on the pressing side component 71A of the pressing device 71.
- the pressed side component 71B of the pressing device 71 is provided with a receiving space 73 for temporarily storing the gasket body 31 displaced by pressing.
- the pressing protrusion 72 may have a width dimension w 1 that is greater than or equal to the width dimension w 2 of the gasket body 31, but FIGS. ),
- the width dimension w 1 may be set smaller than the width dimension w 2 of the gasket body 31, and in this latter case, the pressing projection 72 is a part of the bottom surface of the gasket body 31.
- one side surface portion 42b of the gasket holding portion 42 is peeled off from the gasket body 31, and the other side surface portion 42c of the gasket holding portion 42 is separated from the gasket body 31.
- the bottom surface portion 42 a of the gasket holding portion 42 is partly peeled off from the gasket body 31 (both ends in the width direction). Therefore, the remaining adhesive part is only a part of the bottom face part 42a (part of the center in the width direction) of the gasket holding part 42, and thus the adhesive area can be considerably reduced.
- the gasket 21 with a carrier film is set on the suction part 62 of the vacuuming device 61 as a base, and vacuuming (arrow S) is performed.
- the carrier film 41 is peeled from the gasket body 31 using a chuck device (not shown) or the like in this state while fixing (adsorbing) the gasket body 31.
- the carrier film 41 can be removed from the gasket body 31 with a relatively small peeling force and a short peeling treatment time. Therefore, as the intended purpose of the present invention, even if the gasket main body 31 is adhered to the carrier film 41, the carrier film 41 can be easily removed, and the removal work of the carrier film 41 can be facilitated.
- the seal lip 35 is integrally formed on the bottom surface instead of the top surface of the gasket body 31 having a rectangular cross section.
- the shape of the part 42 is also changed.
- the present invention includes a case in which the carrier film 41 is used without being provided with a three-dimensional gasket holding portion 42 in a planar shape.
- the adhesion area of the carrier film 41 and the gasket body 31 is defined by the area of the bottom surface of the gasket body 31. Therefore, when the above-described pre-process is performed, the adhesion area defined by the area of the bottom surface of the gasket body 31 is More specifically, the carrier film 41 is peeled off at both ends of the bottom surface of the gasket body 31 in the width direction.
- the pressing protrusion 72 provided on the pressing side component 71A of the pressing device 71 is configured as follows.
- the pressing projection 72 is provided over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the gasket body 31 and presses the gasket body 31 over the entire length in the longitudinal direction.
- a plurality of protrusions are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the gasket body 31 in the protrusion 72, and a space between adjacent protrusions is a non-pressing portion that does not press the gasket body 31.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the arrangement state of a plurality of protrusions in this case.
- the hatched portion in FIG. 8 indicates a portion 74 where the protrusion is disposed, and the white portion in FIG. 8 is not pressed without the protrusion being disposed.
- the part 75 used as a part is shown and both the parts 74 and 75 are arrange
- the pressing protrusion 72 presses the gasket body 31 via the carrier film 41 at the portion 74 where the protrusion is disposed, as shown in FIGS.
- the part to be left remains as a part where the carrier film 41 and the gasket body 31 are adhered only to this part.
- FIGS. 9 (A) and 9 (B) there is no protrusion in the portion 75 where the protrusion is not disposed and the non-pressing portion, and the carrier film 41 and the gasket body 31 are not adhered and peeled off. It is supposed to be a part. Therefore, the adhesion area remaining after the pretreatment can be considerably reduced.
- a base body 82 on the stationary side is provided on the base 81, and a recess (cylinder-shaped recess) 83 is opposed to the pressing projection 72 of the press device 71. Is provided.
- a movable slide portion (piston-like slide member) 84 is slidably assembled to the recess 83, and a return spring 85 is provided at the bottom of the recess 83 to return the slide portion 84 to the initial slide position.
- the slide portion 84 is provided with a gasket main body holding portion 86 for holding the gasket main body 31 on the slide portion 84 as an opening, and for suction for fixing the gasket main body 31 to the gasket main body holding portion 86 by suction.
- a flow path 87 is provided to communicate with the opening.
- the suction channel 87 is connected to a suction source such as a vacuum pump (not shown) via a pipe 88.
- the carrier film-equipped gasket 21 is set on the base 81 so that the gasket main body 31 is positioned at the gasket main body holding portion 86 of the slide portion 84.
- the suction source is driven to start evacuation (arrow S), and the gasket main body 31 is sucked and fixed to the gasket main body holding portion 86 of the slide portion 84, and this suction fixed state is shown in FIG. 10B.
- the gasket main body 31 is pressed from the carrier film 41 side by the pressing projection 72 of the pressing device 71, thereby reducing the adhesion area between the gasket main body 31 and the carrier film 41.
- the slide portion 84 is also pressed, and the slide portion 84 slides against the elasticity of the return spring 85.
- the carrier film 41 is fixed to the press device 71 side, and when the press device 71 is returned (retracted) in this fixed state, the gasket body 31 is sucked to the base 81 side. Since it remains fixed, the carrier film 41 is removed from the gasket body 31.
- the gasket main body 31 in a state of being sucked and fixed to the base 81 side is faced with a mating component 91 such as a fuel cell separator, and an adhesive is applied to the gasket main body 31 as necessary.
- the gasket body 31 is attached to the counterpart component 91 as shown in FIG. 12A, and the attachment process is completed as shown in FIG.
- the pre-process and the peeling process can be performed continuously or simultaneously, thereby improving work efficiency.
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Abstract
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16864117.3A EP3376577B1 (fr) | 2015-11-10 | 2016-11-04 | Procédé de manipulation de joint équipé d'un film de support |
CA3004691A CA3004691C (fr) | 2015-11-10 | 2016-11-04 | Procede de manipulation de joint equipe d'un film de support |
CN201680053443.4A CN108028398B (zh) | 2015-11-10 | 2016-11-04 | 带有载体膜的密封垫的操作方法 |
KR1020187016059A KR102617254B1 (ko) | 2015-11-10 | 2016-11-04 | 캐리어 필름 부착 개스킷의 취급 방법 |
US15/770,945 US10514099B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2016-11-04 | Method for handling carrier-film-equipped gasket |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2015-220279 | 2015-11-10 | ||
JP2015220279 | 2015-11-10 | ||
JP2015-238295 | 2015-12-07 | ||
JP2015238295 | 2015-12-07 | ||
JP2016-151710 | 2016-08-02 | ||
JP2016151710A JP6795349B2 (ja) | 2015-11-10 | 2016-08-02 | キャリアフィルム付きガスケットの取り扱い方法 |
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WO2017082154A1 true WO2017082154A1 (fr) | 2017-05-18 |
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PCT/JP2016/082737 WO2017082154A1 (fr) | 2015-11-10 | 2016-11-04 | Procédé de manipulation de joint équipé d'un film de support |
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WO (1) | WO2017082154A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018221491A1 (fr) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | Nok株式会社 | Procédé de manipulation d'un joint d'étanchéité ayant un film de support |
Citations (3)
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JP2002147610A (ja) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-22 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd | 支持基材付きパッキン及びその製造方法 |
JP2006164881A (ja) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池スタック積層方法及び燃料電池スタック積層装置 |
WO2016163158A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-10-13 | Nok株式会社 | Joint d'étanchéité et son procédé de fabrication |
-
2016
- 2016-11-04 WO PCT/JP2016/082737 patent/WO2017082154A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2002147610A (ja) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-22 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd | 支持基材付きパッキン及びその製造方法 |
JP2006164881A (ja) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池スタック積層方法及び燃料電池スタック積層装置 |
WO2016163158A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-10-13 | Nok株式会社 | Joint d'étanchéité et son procédé de fabrication |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018221491A1 (fr) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | Nok株式会社 | Procédé de manipulation d'un joint d'étanchéité ayant un film de support |
JPWO2018221491A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-30 | 2020-03-19 | Nok株式会社 | キャリアフィルム付きガスケットの取り扱い方法 |
EP3633242A4 (fr) * | 2017-05-30 | 2021-03-10 | Nok Corporation | Procédé de manipulation d'un joint d'étanchéité ayant un film de support |
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