WO2017076318A1 - 一种玉米皮处理装置 - Google Patents

一种玉米皮处理装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017076318A1
WO2017076318A1 PCT/CN2016/104517 CN2016104517W WO2017076318A1 WO 2017076318 A1 WO2017076318 A1 WO 2017076318A1 CN 2016104517 W CN2016104517 W CN 2016104517W WO 2017076318 A1 WO2017076318 A1 WO 2017076318A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller
driving roller
corn husk
feeding
corn
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Application number
PCT/CN2016/104517
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张仁杰
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张仁杰
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Application filed by 张仁杰 filed Critical 张仁杰
Publication of WO2017076318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017076318A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/25—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
    • B26D1/34—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut
    • B26D1/38—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis parallel to the line of cut and coacting with a fixed blade or other fixed member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/27—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting
    • B26D7/32—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting for conveying or stacking cut product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, in particular to a corn husk processing system.
  • Corn is widely grown in northern China and has an extremely important position in agricultural production. At present, in the autumn of corn harvesting, it has gradually changed from the original artificial harvest to the use of combined mechanical harvesting, but whether it is using combined machinery or artificial harvesting. After the corn husks and corn fall off, the corn husks cannot be treated, scattered in the land to affect the production of the next crop, and fly and pile up in the field, which affects the environment and causes waste of resources.
  • corn husk has also been used as a raw material for some products, such as insoles, some process fillers, etc., and the corn husk raw materials used are not pure raw corn husks, but corn first. After the skin is processed, the next step is processed. Now the corn husks are generally processed into simple flaky shapes. However, some fillings require more fluffy silky corn husks.
  • the present invention provides a corn husk processing apparatus capable of batch processing corn husks into filaments.
  • a corn husk processing device comprising a frame, which in turn receives a feeding conveyor, a processing mechanism and a discharge conveyor, wherein the processing mechanism comprises a primary processing mechanism, a secondary processing mechanism and a transfer mechanism connecting the two processing mechanisms to transport the corn husk, the primary processing mechanism comprising a first driving roller and a feeding mechanism for feeding the first driving roller, and feeding the feeding by the feeding mechanism
  • the secondary processing mechanism comprises a second driving roller and a second pair of rollers for feeding the second driving roller;
  • the first movable roller is provided with a first movable tooth and a movable blade on the outer peripheral surface, and the movable blade is parallel and equal in length to the axis of the first drive roller, and is disposed above the feeding mechanism
  • the fixed knife that cooperates with the movable knife, during the rotation of the first driving roller, the root of the corn husk is removed and dropped by the cooperation of the moving knife and the fixed knife, and the corn husk removing the root is processed into the filament by the first moving tooth. Was thrown into the transit agency;
  • the outer peripheral surface of the second driving roller is provided with a second movable tooth, and a baffle is disposed on one side of the second driving roller, and a circle formed by the edge of the baffle and the second movable tooth rotate A gap is formed between the shaped tracks, and the material on the second driving roller is processed by the second moving tooth, and then dropped by the second driving roller onto the discharging conveyor.
  • first movable tooth and the second movable tooth are arranged in a plurality of rows along the longitudinal direction of the active roller, and the movable teeth of the adjacent two rows are staggered.
  • the longitudinal direction of the fixed knife is set at an angle to the axial direction of the first driving roller. .
  • the feeding mechanism is a first pair of rollers disposed between the infeed conveyor and the first driving roller.
  • the feeding conveyor is a belt conveyor, and a pressure roller parallel to the roller is arranged above the roller adjacent to the first driving roller in the belt conveyor to constitute the feeding mechanism, the pressure roller and The rollers rotate in a synchronous opposite direction.
  • an arc-shaped upper shroud is respectively disposed on one side of the first driving roller and the second driving roller, and the fixed knife and the baffle are respectively disposed on the bracket below the upper shroud, in the feeding mechanism and the first
  • a scraper is respectively disposed above the two pairs of rollers to scrape the corn husk attached to the feeding mechanism and the second pair of rollers;
  • a lower shroud is disposed under the first driving roller, and a cleaning is disposed on the lower shroud mouth.
  • the transfer mechanism is a silo, and the feed port of the silo faces the first drive roller, and the discharge port of the silo is connected with the feed end of the second pair of rollers, and the bottom plate of the silo is One end adjacent to the first drive roller is higher than the other end of the bottom plate.
  • a feed roller is disposed in the transfer mechanism.
  • a mounting area for mounting the first movable tooth is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the first driving roller, and a root passage is disposed between the first movable tooth of the mounting area and the adjacent movable knife to be removed. The roots fall through the root channel.
  • the primary processing mechanism and the secondary processing mechanism are respectively provided with driven rollers, and the outer peripheral surface of the driven roller is provided with teeth to drop the impurities on the first driving roller and the second driving roller .
  • the invention can process the corn husk into a filament shape in batches, and has high degree of automation, effectively improving production efficiency, reducing labor intensity and saving production cost, and the corn husk can be matched by the cooperation of the movable knife and the fixed knife.
  • the root is removed to prevent the root from affecting the moving knife The sound is guaranteed to have a longer service life.
  • the present invention is provided with a two-stage corn husk processing mechanism to achieve sufficient treatment of each original material, and further reduce the width of the filamentous corn husk and increase its bulkiness, thereby achieving a better use effect.
  • the feeding mechanism of the invention can realize the control of the feeding amount and the feeding speed of the driving roller, so as to fully treat the corn husk, and the feeding mechanism has the function of squeezing, and the feeding conveyor is fluffy and dispersed.
  • the corn husk is pressed into a flat belt shape, which facilitates the removal of the root and the cutting of the corn husk by the moving tooth on the active roller.
  • the corn husks which are pressed into a strip shape are superposed on each other and are involved in each other. During the transition from the feeding mechanism to the first driving roller, the occurrence of corn husks can be avoided.
  • the longitudinal direction of the fixed blade is set at an angle to the axial direction of the first driving roller, and the moving blade is parallel to the axial direction of the first driving roller, so that the root of the corn husk can be easily cut.
  • the baffle plate can avoid excessive clogging of the relatively loose corn husk into the secondary treatment mechanism, thereby ensuring that the processing capacity of the second driving roller is fully exerted, and the baffle and The gap between the second moving teeth can slow the advancement speed of the corn husk, so that relative movement between the corn husk and the second moving tooth is generated, thereby facilitating further tearing of the second moving tooth and cutting the corn husk.
  • the driven roller of the present invention can clean the residual material, especially the impurities, on the corresponding driving roller to ensure the purity of the product on the discharging conveyor.
  • the staggered arrangement of the moving teeth of the invention can increase the feeding amount of the corn husk, avoid the congestion of the feeding material, and, after the staggered setting, can reduce the arrangement of the first moving teeth. Degree, so that the roots of the corn husks that are removed are smoothly dropped.
  • the squeegee provided by the present invention can scrape off the roller attached to the upper end of the second pair of rollers and the corn husk attached to the feeding mechanism (on the pressure roller or the roller at the upper end of the second pair of rollers) to avoid Corn husks cause clogging.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the present invention in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first driving roller.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the second driving roller.
  • Fig. 4 is a first working principle diagram of the first driving roller and the fixed knife to remove the root of the corn husk.
  • Fig. 5 is a second working principle of the first driving roller and the fixed knife to remove the root of the corn husk.
  • Fig. 6 is a third working principle of the first driving roller and the fixed knife to remove the root of the corn husk.
  • processing mechanism 401, primary processing mechanism, 401-1, first drive roller, 401-2, first Counter roller, 401-3, fixed knife, 401-4, first moving tooth, 401-5, moving knife, 401-6, root channel, 402, secondary processing mechanism, 402-1, second driving roller, 402 -2, second pair of rollers, 402-3, baffle, 402-4, second movable tooth, 403, relay mechanism, 403-1, skip roller, 404, driven roller, 405, upper shield, 405 - 1, scraper, 406, lower shield, 5, corn husk, 6, root.
  • a corn husk processing apparatus includes a frame 1 on which a feed conveyor 2, a processing mechanism 4, and a discharge conveyor 3 are sequentially disposed, and the processing mechanism 4 includes a primary processing mechanism. 401.
  • the primary processing mechanism 401 includes a first driving roller 401-1, a driven roller 404, and a first driving roller 401.
  • -1 feeding mechanism 401-2, the corn husk 5 on the infeed conveyor 2 is pressed into a strip-shaped raw material strip by the feeding mechanism 401-2, and the secondary processing mechanism 402 includes a second driving roller 402- 1.
  • a lower shield 406 fixed to the frame 1 is disposed below the first driving roller 401-1. And a cleaning port is arranged at the lowest end of the lower shield 406;
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first driving roller 401-1 is provided with a first movable tooth 401-4 and a movable blade 401-5, and the movable blade 401-5 is provided with three, and is uniformly distributed on the first active
  • the movable blade 401-5 is parallel and equal in length to the axis of the first driving roller 401-1, and an upper shield 405 is provided on one side of the first driving roller 401-1, and is attached thereto.
  • a fixed knife 401-3 that cooperates with the movable knife 401-5 is disposed below the cover 405 at a position higher than the feeding mechanism 401-2, and the fixed knife 401-3 is mounted on the frame 1 through the bracket, and the fixed knife 401-3
  • the longitudinal direction is disposed at an angle with the axial direction of the first driving roller 401-1; the movable tooth 401-4 is installed in a mounting area between the two movable blades 401-5, and the movable tooth 401-4 is along the first
  • the driving roller 401-1 is provided with a plurality of rows in the axial direction, and the first movable teeth 401-4 of the adjacent two rows are staggered;
  • the outer peripheral surface of the second driving roller 402-1 is provided with a second movable tooth 402-4, and the second movable tooth 402-4 is disposed along the axial direction of the second driving roller 402-1.
  • the second movable teeth 402-4 of the adjacent two rows are staggered, and an arc-shaped upper shroud 405 is disposed on one side of the second driving roller 402-1, which is higher than the second pair below the upper shroud 405
  • the position of the roller 402-2 is disposed with a baffle 402-3 parallel to the axis of the second driving roller 402-1.
  • the baffle 402-3 is mounted on the frame 1 through the bracket, and the length of the baffle 402-3 is equal to the second active A length is formed between the side of the roller 402-1 and a circular track formed by the rotation of the side edge of the baffle 402-3 and the second movable tooth 402-4 to control the second pair of rollers 402-2 to the second driving roller 402. -1 delivery volume;
  • the transfer mechanism 403 may preferably be a silo, the feed port of the silo facing the first drive roller 401-1 of the primary processing mechanism 401, the discharge port of the silo and the second pair of rollers 402
  • the feeding end of the -2 is engaged, and one end of the bottom of the silo near the primary processing mechanism 401 is higher than the other end of the bottom plate, and the material is provided with a materializing roller 403-1 and two of the discharging roller 403-1.
  • the end rotation support is at both ends of the silo, and the skip roller 403-1 can push the corn husk 5 in the silo toward the discharge port;
  • the outer peripheral surface of the driven roller 404 is provided with a tooth to dial the unsown corn husk 5 on the first driving roller 401-1 into the silo, and the second driving roller 402-1 is not dropped.
  • the corn husk 5 is dialed to the discharge conveyor 3;
  • the feeding conveyor 2, the first driving roller 401-1, the first pair of rollers 401-2, the second pair of rollers 402-2, the second driving roller 402-1, and the discharging conveyor 3 are all corresponding Motor drive.
  • the feeding mechanism 401-2 is a first pair of rollers disposed between the infeed conveyor 2 and the first driving roller 401-1.
  • the infeed conveyor 2 is a belt conveyor, in a belt conveyor and A pressure roller parallel to the idler roller is disposed above the idler roller 401-1 to form the feeding mechanism 401-2, and the pressure roller and the idle roller are synchronously aligned by the gears disposed at the respective ends Turn.
  • the first pair of rollers 401-2 and the second pair of rollers 402-2 are each composed of two upper and lower rollers, wherein at least one of the rollers is provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the spacing of the two rollers, and the outer circumference of the roller A rib parallel to the axis of the roller is provided on the face.
  • a scraper 405-1 is provided on one side of the feeding mechanism 401-2 and the second pair of rollers 402-2 to scrape the working surfaces attached to the feeding mechanism 401-2 and the second pair of rollers 402-2.
  • Corn husk 5 wherein, when the feeding mechanism is the first pair of rollers, the working surface refers to the outer peripheral surface of the rollers constituting the first pair of rollers and the second pair of rollers; when the feeding mechanism is the pressing roller The working surface refers to the outer circumferential surface of the roller in the pressing roller and the second pair of rollers; the squeegee 405-1 may be disposed on a corresponding bracket for mounting the fixed blade 401-3 and the shutter 402-3.
  • the scraper 405-1 provided on the side of the second pair of rollers 402-2 is fitted with the upper roller and the lower roller respectively; when the feeding mechanism 401-2 is In the case of the first pair of rollers, the matching blade 405-1 is disposed in the same manner as the second pair of rollers 402-2; when the feeding mechanism 401-2 is a pressing roller, the blade 405-1 is disposed above the pressing roller .
  • a root channel 401-6 is provided, and the root channel 401-6 can be It is a blank area on the outer peripheral surface, and may be a groove disposed on the outer peripheral surface along the axial direction of the first driving roller 401-1, and the purpose thereof is to increase the circular shape formed by the first driving roller 401-1 during the rotating process.
  • the distance between the trajectory and the fixed knife 401-3 is such that the root portion 6 of the removed corn husk 5 is smoothly dropped through the root passage 401-6, ensuring the removal of the corn husk after the root portion 6 Smoothly pass the end of the fixed knife 401-3.
  • the roll of the feed roller 403-1 is a triangular prism structure, a polygonal prism or other non-cylindrical structure to improve the pushing ability of the setting roller 403-1.
  • the skip roller 403-1 is composed of a cylindrical sleeve and an eccentric shaft, and the eccentric shaft is provided with a tooth, and the sleeve is provided with a slot at a corresponding position of the tooth, and is eccentrically rotated on the eccentric shaft.
  • the teeth are intermittently exposed from the side of the groove, and the animal material is compacted and directed toward the discharge port of the silo, so that the material smoothly enters the second pair of rollers 402-2.
  • the corresponding equipment in the device is adjusted, and the spacing of the rollers is adjusted by using the adjustment mechanism provided on the roller.
  • the corresponding motor is arranged such that the rotation speed of the pressure roller is lower than the rotation speed of the first driving roller 401-1, and the rotation speed of the second pair of rollers 402-2 is lower than the rotation speed of the second driving roller 402-1, so as to pass the feeding.
  • the material mechanism and the rotation speed of the second pair of rollers 402-1 control the conveying speed and the conveying amount of the corn husk 5, thereby avoiding the congestion of the corn husk 5 or the long processing interval during the processing;
  • each motor is turned on, and the corn husk 5 to be processed is conveyed to the pressure roller through the feeding conveyor 2, and the opposite direction of the roller of the pressure roller and the feeding conveyor rotates the loose corn husk 5
  • the strips intersecting each other are sent to the first driving roller 401-1.
  • the corn husk 5 attached to the outer circumferential surface of the pressing roller is cleaned by the squeegee 405-1 in time to avoid The corn husk 5 is wound on the pressure roller; during the rotation of the first driving roller 401-1, When the moving knife 401-5 passes the fixed knife 401-3 from below the fixed knife 401-3, a matching processing structure is formed, and the narrowest portion between the moving knife 401-5 and the fixed knife 401-3 is 3 mm, and the corn husk 5 can pass.
  • the root portion 6 cannot pass, but is squeezed, and since the ends of the movable blade 401-5 and the fixed blade 401-3 are provided with a blade edge, the root portion 6 of the corn husk 5 is pressed while being Will be cut here, at the same time, when the root 6 is caught at the fixed knife 401-3, the corn husk 5 and its root 6 have a short pause, and at this time, the first driving roller 401-1 remains To continue to rotate, this will cause the jammed corn husk 6 to be pulled. During the rotation of the first driving roller 401-1, a relative movement between the first movable tooth 401-4 and the corn husk 5 occurs.
  • the corn husk 5 in the pulled state is torn and cut into a filament shape or a strip shape by the first movable tooth 401-4, since the root passage 401-6 is provided on the first driving roller 401-1, the root passage 401-6
  • the distance between the fixed knife 401-3 and the fixed knife 401-3 is large, so that the removed root portion 6 can be dropped in time to avoid the formation of congestion;
  • the strip or filament material formed by the treated corn husk 5 on the first driving roller 401-1 is thrown into the silo under the rotation of the first driving roller 401-1, and remains in the first active
  • the impurities on the roller 401-1 are pulled down by the teeth of the driven roller 404, and the material entering the silo slides down the inclined bottom plate of the silo, and at the same time, the scraping roller 403-1 disposed in the silo is placed on the bottom plate.
  • the material is pressed down and pushed to the discharge port, and fed to the second drive roller 402-1 via the second pair of rollers 402-2.
  • the scraper 405-1 will be attached to the second pair.
  • the corn husk 5 on the roller 402-2 is scraped off in time to prevent the corn husk 5 from being wound around the second pair of rollers 402-2;
  • the second movable tooth 402-4 on the second driving roller 402-1 When the second movable tooth 402-4 on the second driving roller 402-1 is rotated to the position of the shutter 402-3 in the upper shroud 405 disposed on the side of the second driving roller 402-1, the second movable tooth 402-4 The size of the gap between the baffle 402-3 and the baffle 402-3 can control the processing capability of the second driving roller 402-1, and The first processed corn husk 5 is caused to move relative to the second movable tooth 402-4, and the second movable tooth 402-4 is further torn and cut to obtain a smaller and more bulky product. And under the centrifugal force of the rotation of the second driving roller 402-1, the obtained product is thrown onto the discharge conveyor 3, and the impurities remaining on the second driving roller 402-1 are driven by the driven roller 404. The tooth is collected and collected, and after the entire process is completed, the lower cover 406 can be cleaned through the cleaning port of the lower cover 406.

Abstract

一种玉米皮（5）处理装置，包括机架（1），机架（1）上依次承接设置入料输送机（2）、处理机构（4）和出料输送机（3），处理机构（4）包括一级处理机构（401）、二级处理机构（402）和衔接两个处理机构（401、402）的中转机构（403），一级处理机构（401）包括第一主动辊（401-1）和用于向第一主动辊（401-1）喂料的喂料机构（401-2），二级处理机构（402）包括第二主动辊（402-1）和用于向第二主动辊（402-1）喂料的第二对辊（402-2）；第一主动辊（401-1）外周面设有第一动齿（401-4）和动刀（401-5），喂料机构（401-2）上方设有与动刀（401-5）配合的定刀（401-3）；第二主动辊（402-1）外周面设有第二动齿（402-4），第二主动辊（402-1）的一侧设置挡板（402-3），挡板（402-3）一侧的边沿和第二动齿（402-4）转动形成的圆形轨迹之间形成缝隙。本装置可批量地将玉米皮（5）处理成丝状，自动化程度高，提高了生产效率，降低了劳动强度并节约生产成本，并且可将玉米皮（5）的根部（6）去除，避免根部（6）对动刀（401-5）造成影响。

Description

一种玉米皮处理装置 技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械技术领域，具体的说是涉及一种玉米皮处理系统。
背景技术
玉米在我国北方地区种植普遍，在农业生产中具有极其重要的地位，目前，在秋季的玉米收割时，已由原来的人工收割逐渐转变为使用联合机械收割，但无论是使用联合机械还是人工收割，玉米皮和玉米脱落后，玉米皮无法处理，散落在土地中影响下一茬农作物的生产，在田间飞舞堆积，即影响环境又造成资源的浪费。
目前随着科技的发展，玉米皮也已经被一些产品作为原料使用，比如作为鞋垫、一些工艺的填充物等，而所利用的玉米皮原料并不是纯粹的原始的玉米皮，而是先将玉米皮经过处理后进行下一步的加工，现在处理玉米皮一般都处理成简单的片状，然而一些填充物需要更为蓬松的丝状玉米皮，市场上目前没有专门对玉米皮加工处理成丝状的设备，而且，在对玉米皮进行切丝处理时，由于玉米皮的根部体积较大，质地较硬，在切丝过程中，不容易将根部切碎或切除，甚至会造成相应刀具的变形、过度磨损或者损坏，因此，在对玉米皮切丝处理时，需要一并解决其根部去除或破碎的难题。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述的技术问题，提供一种可将玉米皮批量加工成丝状的玉米皮处理装置。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种玉米皮处理装置，包括机架，机架上依次承接设置入料输送机、处理机构和出料输送机，所述的处理机构包括一级处理机构、二级处理机构和衔接两个处理机构以转运玉米皮的中转机构，一级处理机构包括第一主动辊和用于向第一主动辊喂料的喂料机构，由喂料机构将入料输送机上的玉米皮压成带状的原料带，二级处理机构包括第二主动辊和用于向第二主动辊喂料的第二对辊；
在一级处理机构中，第一主动辊的外周面上设有第一动齿和动刀，动刀与第一主动辊轴线平行且等长，在所述喂料机构的上方设有与所述动刀配合的定刀，在第一主动辊的转动过程中，玉米皮的根部通过动刀和定刀的配合被除去并落下，除去根部的玉米皮被第一动齿处理成丝状后被抛落至中转机构中；
在二级处理机构中，第二主动辊的外周面设有第二动齿，并在第二主动辊的一侧设置挡板，挡板一侧的边沿和第二动齿转动所形成的圆形轨迹之间形成缝隙，第二主动辊上的物料被第二动齿处理后，由第二主动辊抛落至出料输送机上。
进一步的，所述第一动齿和第二动齿沿所在主动辊的长度方向设置为多排，且相邻两排的动齿为交错设置。
进一步的，所述定刀的长度方向和第一主动辊的轴向呈一定角度设置。。
进一步的，所述喂料机构为设置在入料输送机和第一主动辊之间的第一对辊。
所述入料输送机为带式输送机，在带式输送机中与第一主动辊相邻的托辊上方设置与托辊平行的压辊，以组成所述的喂料机构，压辊和托辊为同步对向转动。
进一步的，在第一主动辊和第二主动辊的一侧分别设置弧形的上护罩，所述的定刀和挡板分别设置在上护罩下方的支架上，在喂料机构和第二对辊的上方分别设有刮板，以刮除附着在喂料机构与第二对辊上的玉米皮；所述第一主动辊下方设有下护罩，并在下护罩上设置有清理口。
进一步的，所述的中转机构为一料仓，料仓的进料口朝向第一主动辊，料仓的出料口与所述的第二对辊的进料端衔接，料仓的底板中靠近第一主动辊的一端高于底板的另一端。
进一步的，所述中转机构中设有拨料辊。
进一步的，所述第一主动辊的外周面上间隔设置用于安装第一动齿的安装区，安装区的第一动齿与相邻的动刀之间设有根部通道，以使被除去的根部经根部通道落下。
进一步的，所述的一级处理机构和二级处理机构中分别设置从动辊，从动辊的外周面上设有拨齿，以将第一主动辊和第二主动辊上的杂质拨落。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
第一，本发明可批量的将玉米皮处理成丝状，且自动化程度高，有效提高了生产效率、降低了劳动强度并节约生产成本，并且借助动刀和定刀的配合，可以将玉米皮的根部去除，避免根部对动刀造成影 响，保证动刀有更长的使用寿命。
第二，本发明设有两级玉米皮处理机构，以实现每个原始物料的充分处理，并进一步降低丝状玉米皮的宽度，提高其蓬松度，从而达到更好的使用效果。
第三，本发明中的喂料机构可以实现对主动辊喂料量和喂料速度的控制，以便充分处理玉米皮，并且喂料机构有挤压的作用，将入料输送机上蓬松、分散的玉米皮压成平面的带状，一方面便于根部的去除以及主动辊上动齿对玉米皮的切割成丝，另一方面，压成带状的玉米皮之间彼此叠压，互相牵连，在从喂料机构向第一主动辊过渡的过程中，可以避免出现玉米皮散落的情况。
第四，本发明中定刀的长度方向和第一主动辊的轴向呈一定角度设置，而动刀与第一主动辊的轴向平行，这样便于切除玉米皮的根部。
第五，在二级处理机构中，所用的挡板可以避免过多的较为蓬松的玉米皮进入二级处理机构造成堵塞，进而保证第二主动辊的处理能力得到充分的发挥，同时挡板和第二动齿之间的缝隙可以减缓玉米皮的前进速度，使得玉米皮和第二动齿之间产生相对运动，进而便于第二动齿进一步的撕裂、切割玉米皮。
第六，本发明中的从动辊可以将相应主动辊上残留的物料，尤其是杂质清理下来，以保证出料输送机上产品的纯净程度。
第七，本发明动齿的交错设置的方式可以提高玉米皮的入料量，避免入料出现拥堵，并且，交错设置后，可以降低第一动齿的布置密 度，从而便于被除去的玉米皮根部顺利落下。
第八，本发明所设置的刮板可以将附着在第二对辊上端的辊子、以及附着在喂料机构中(压辊上或第二对辊上端的辊子上)的玉米皮刮掉，避免玉米皮缠绕造成堵塞。
附图说明
图1是本发明在实施方式中的结构示意图。
图2是第一主动辊的结构示意图。
图3是第二主动辊的结构示意图。
图4是第一主动辊与定刀配合除去玉米皮的根部的工作原理图一。
图5是第一主动辊与定刀配合除去玉米皮的根部的工作原理图二。
图6是第一主动辊与定刀配合除去玉米皮的根部的工作原理图三。
图中标记：1、机架，2、入料输送机，3、出料输送机，4、处理机构，401、一级处理机构，401-1、第一主动辊，401-2、第一对辊，401-3、定刀，401-4、第一动齿，401-5、动刀，401-6、根部通道，402、二级处理机构，402-1、第二主动辊，402-2、第二对辊，402-3、挡板，402-4、第二动齿，403、中转机构，403-1、拨料辊，404、从动辊，405、上护罩，405-1、刮板，406、下护罩，5、玉米皮，6、根部。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，通过具体的实施方式，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
如图所示，一种玉米皮处理装置，包括机架1，在机架1上设置依次衔接的入料输送机2、处理机构4和出料输送机3，处理机构4包括一级处理机构401、二级处理机构402和衔接两个处理机构以转运玉米皮5的中转机构403，一级处理机构401包括第一主动辊401-1、从动辊404和用于向第一主动辊401-1喂料的喂料机构401-2，由喂料机构401-2将入料输送机2上的玉米皮5压成带状的原料带，二级处理机构402包括第二主动辊402-1、从动辊404和用于向第二主动辊402-1喂料的第二对辊402-2，第一主动辊401-1下方设有固定在机架1上的下护罩406，并在下护罩406的最低端设置清理口；
在一级处理机构401中，第一主动辊401-1的外周面设有第一动齿401-4和动刀401-5，动刀401-5设有三个，并均布在第一主动辊401-1的外周面上，动刀401-5与第一主动辊401-1轴线平行且等长，在第一主动辊401-1的一侧设有上护罩405，并在上护罩405下方高于喂料机构401-2的位置设置与所述动刀401-5配合的定刀401-3，定刀401-3通过支架安装在机架1上，定刀401-3的长度方向与第一主动辊401-1的轴向成一定夹角设置；所述的动齿401-4安装在两个动刀401-5之间的安装区，动齿401-4沿第一主动辊401-1的轴向设有多排，相邻两排的第一动齿401-4为交错设置；
在二级处理机构402中，第二主动辊402-1的外外周面设有第二动齿402-4，第二动齿402-4沿第二主动辊402-1的轴向设有多排， 相邻两排的第二动齿402-4为交错设置，并在第二主动辊402-1的一侧设置一个弧形的上护罩405，在上护罩405的下方高于第二对辊402-2的位置设置一块与第二主动辊402-1轴线平行的挡板402-3，挡板402-3通过支架安装在机架1上，挡板402-3的长度等于第二主动辊402-1的长度，挡板402-3一侧边沿和第二动齿402-4转动所形成的圆形轨迹之间形成缝隙，以控制第二对辊402-2向第二主动辊402-1的输送量；
所述的中转机构403可优选为一种料仓，料仓的进料口朝向一级处理机构401的第一主动辊401-1，料仓的出料口与所述的第二对辊402-2的进料端衔接，料仓的底板中靠近一级处理机构401的一端高于底板的另一端，并在料仓中设有拨料辊403-1，拨料辊403-1的两端转动支撑在料仓两端，拨料辊403-1可以将料仓内的玉米皮5朝出料口方向推送；
所述的从动辊404的外周面设有拨齿，以将第一主动辊401-1上未抛落的玉米皮5拨至料仓中、将第二主动辊402-1上未抛落的玉米皮5拨至出料输送机3上；
所述的入料输送机2、第一主动辊401-1、第一对辊401-2、第二对辊402-2、第二主动辊402-1和出料输送机3均由相对应的电机驱动。
优选的，所述喂料机构401-2为设置在入料输送机2和第一主动辊401-1之间的第一对辊。
优选的，所述入料输送机2为带式输送机，在带式输送机中与第 一主动辊401-1相邻的托辊上方设置与托辊平行的压辊，以组成所述的喂料机构401-2，压辊和托辊通过各自端部所设置的齿轮实现同步对向转动。
优选的，所述的第一对辊401-2和第二对辊402-2均由上下两个辊子组成，其中至少一个辊子上设有用于调节两辊子间距的调节机构，所述辊子的外周面上设有与辊子轴线平行的凸棱。
优选的，在喂料机构401-2和第二对辊402-2的一侧设有刮板405-1，以刮除附着在喂料机构401-2和第二对辊402-2工作面上的玉米皮5；其中，当喂料机构为第一对辊时，所述的工作面是指组成第一对辊和第二对辊的辊子的外周面；当喂料机构为压辊时，所述的工作面是指压辊和第二对辊中辊子的外周面；所述刮板405-1可以设置在用以安装定刀401-3与挡板402-3的相应的支架上，也可以通过单独的支架固定在机架1上，而且，设置在第二对辊402-2一侧的刮刀405-1与上辊以及下辊分别配合安装；当喂料机构401-2为第一对辊时，与之相配合的刮刀405-1的设置方式与第二对辊402-2相同；当喂料机构401-2为压辊时，刮刀405-1设置在压辊的上方。
进一步的，第一主动辊401-1外周面的安装区中的第一动齿401-4与相邻的动刀401-5之间设有根部通道401-6，该根部通道401-6可以是外周面上的空白区域，也可以是沿第一主动辊401-1轴向设置在外周面上的凹槽，其目的是为了增加第一主动辊401-1在转动过程所形成的圆形轨迹与定刀401-3之间的间距，使得被除去的玉米皮5的根部6经过根部通道401-6顺利落下，保证除去根部6后的玉米皮5 顺利通过定刀401-3的端部。
进一步的，所述的拨料辊403-1辊身为三棱柱结构、多棱柱或其他非圆柱结构，以提高拨料辊403-1的推送能力。
进一步的，所述的拨料辊403-1由圆筒形的轴套和偏心轴组成，偏心轴上设有拨齿，轴套与拨齿相应的位置设有开槽，在偏心轴偏心转动的过程中，拨齿间歇性的从开槽的一侧露出，以压实并朝料仓的出料口方向拨动物料，使得物料顺利进入第二对辊402-2。
下面选择压辊与托辊的配合作为喂料机构、选择料仓作为中转机构，通过对本发明的使用原理与过程的说明，对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的阐述。
在作业时，根据玉米皮的处理量、干湿程度以及最终切成玉米皮丝的宽度要求，对本装置中相应的设备进行调整，利用对辊上所设置的调节机构调整对辊的间距，通过对相应的电机进行设置，使得压辊的转速要低于第一主动辊401-1的转速，第二对辊402-2的转速要低于第二主动辊402-1的转速，以便通过喂料机构以及第二对辊402-1的转速控制玉米皮5的传输速度和输送量，避免出现玉米皮5的拥堵或者处理过程中长时间的处理间隔；
在完成设置后，开启各个电机，待处理的玉米皮5经入料输送机2输送到压辊处，由压辊和入料输送机的托辊的对向转动，将松散的玉米皮5压成彼此交叉的带状，送至第一主动辊401-1，在压辊转动的过程中，由刮板405-1将附着在压辊外圆面上的玉米皮5及时清理掉，以避免玉米皮5缠绕在压辊上；第一主动辊401-1在转动过程中， 动刀401-5由定刀401-3下方向上经过定刀401-3时，形成配合处理结构，动刀401-5和定刀401-3之间最窄处为3mm，玉米皮5可以通过，而其根部6则不能通过，而是被挤压，并且由于动刀401-5和定刀401-3的端部设有刀刃，因此玉米皮5的根部6在被挤压的同时，还会在此处被切割，与此同时，在根部6被卡在定刀401-3处时，玉米皮5及其根部6有一个短暂的停顿，而此时，第一主动辊401-1仍然要继续转动，这样就会使得被卡的玉米皮6处于被牵拉的状态，在第一主动辊401-1的转动中，第一动齿401-4和玉米皮5之间产生相对运动，由第一动齿401-4将牵拉状态的玉米皮5撕裂并切成丝状或条状，由于在第一主动辊401-1上设有根部通道401-6，根部通道401-6处与定刀401-3之间的间距较大，可以使得被除去的根部6及时落下，避免形成拥堵；
第一主动辊401-1上被处理过的玉米皮5所形成的条状或丝状物料在第一主动辊401-1的转动作用下，被抛送至料仓中，残留在第一主动辊401-1上的杂质被从动辊404的拨齿拨落，进入料仓的物料沿料仓倾斜的底板向下滑动，同时，设置在料仓内的拨料辊403-1将底板上的物料下压并向出料口推送，并经第二对辊402-2向第二主动辊402-1喂料，在喂料的过程中，由刮板405-1将附着在第二对辊402-2上的玉米皮5及时刮掉，避免玉米皮5缠绕在第二对辊402-2上；
第二主动辊402-1上的第二动齿402-4转动到第二主动辊402-1一侧设置的上护罩405中的挡板402-3位置时，第二动齿402-4与挡板402-3之间的间隙大小可以控制第二主动辊402-1的处理能力，并 使得经一级处理的玉米皮5在此处和第二动齿402-4产生相对运动，被第二动齿402-4进一步撕裂、切割后，得到尺寸更小、整体更为蓬松的产品，并在第二主动辊402-1转动的离心力作用下，所得到的产品被抛送至出料输送机3上，残留在第二主动辊402-1上的杂质则被从动辊404上的拨齿拨落收集，全部处理完成后，可以通过下护罩406的清理口对下护罩406内进行清理。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种玉米皮处理装置，包括机架(1)，机架(1)上依次承接设置入料输送机(2)、处理机构(4)和出料输送机(3)，其特征在于：所述的处理机构(4)包括一级处理机构(401)、二级处理机构(402)和衔接两个处理机构以转运玉米皮(5)的中转机构(403)；一级处理机构包括第一主动辊(401-1)和用于向第一主动辊(401-1)喂料的喂料机构(401-2)，由喂料机构(401-2)将入料输送机(2)上的玉米皮(5)压成带状的原料带；二级处理机构(402)包括第二主动辊(402-1)和用于向第二主动辊(402-1)喂料的第二对辊(402-2)；在一级处理机构中，第一主动辊(401-1)的外周面设有第一动齿(401-4)和动刀(401-5)，动刀(401-5)与第一主动辊(401-1)的轴线平行且等长，在所述喂料机构(401-2)的上方设有与动刀(401-5)配合的定刀(401-3)，在第一主动辊(401-1)的转动过程中，玉米皮(5)的根部(6)通过动刀(401-5)和定刀(401-3)的配合被除去并落下，除去根部(6)的玉米皮(5)被第一动齿(401-4)处理成丝状后被抛落至中转机构(403)中；
    在二级处理机构中，第二主动辊(402-1)的外周面设有第二动齿(402-4)，并在第二主动辊(402-1)的一侧设置挡板(402-3)，挡板(402-3)一侧的边沿和第二动齿(402-4)转动所形成的圆形轨迹之间形成缝隙，第二主动辊(402-1)上的玉米皮(5)被第二动齿(402-4)处理后，由第二主动辊(402-1)抛落至出料输送机(3)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：所述的第一动齿(401-4)和第二动齿(402-4)沿所在主动辊的长度方向 设置为多排，且相邻两排的动齿为交错设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：所述定刀(401-3)的长度方向和第一主动辊(401-1)的轴向呈一定角度设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：所述喂料机构(401-2)为设置在入料输送机(2)和第一主动辊(401-1)之间的第一对辊。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：所述入料输送机(2)为带式输送机，在带式输送机中与第一主动辊(401-1)相邻的托辊上方设置与托辊平行的压辊，以组成所述的喂料机构(401-2)，压辊和托辊为同步对向转动。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：在第一主动辊(401-1)和第二主动辊(402-1)的一侧分别设置弧形的上护罩(405)，所述的定刀(401-3)和挡板(402-3)分别设置在上护罩(405)下方的支架上，在喂料机构(401-2)和第二对辊(402-2)的一侧分别设有刮板(405-1)，以刮除附着在喂料机构(401-2)与第二对辊(402-2)工作面上的玉米皮(5)；所述第一主动辊(401-1)下方设有下护罩(406)，并在下护罩(406)上设有清理口。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：所述的中转机构(403)为一料仓，料仓的进料口朝向第一主动辊(401-1)，料仓的出料口与所述的第二对辊(402-2)的进料端衔接，料仓的底板中靠近第一主动辊(401-1)的一端高于底板的另一端。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：所述中转机构(403)上设有拨料辊(403-1)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：所述第一主动辊(401-1)的外周面上间隔设置用于安装第一动齿(401-4)的安装区，安装区的第一动齿(401-4)与相邻的动刀(401-5)之间设有根部通道(401-6)，以使被除去的根部(6)经根部通道(401-6)落下。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米皮处理装置，其特征在于：所述的一级处理机构和二级处理机构中分别设置从动辊(404)，从动辊(404)的外周面设有拨齿，以将第一主动辊(401-1)和第二主动辊(402-1)上的杂质拨落。
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