WO2017075949A1 - 一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆 - Google Patents

一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017075949A1
WO2017075949A1 PCT/CN2016/080615 CN2016080615W WO2017075949A1 WO 2017075949 A1 WO2017075949 A1 WO 2017075949A1 CN 2016080615 W CN2016080615 W CN 2016080615W WO 2017075949 A1 WO2017075949 A1 WO 2017075949A1
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water
optical fiber
layer
nylon
diameter
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PCT/CN2016/080615
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王小泉
唐永圣
戚卫
杨飏
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南京华信藤仓光通信有限公司
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Publication of WO2017075949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017075949A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/443—Protective covering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/44384—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables the means comprising water blocking or hydrophobic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical cable, in particular to a stress optical cable with water seepage monitoring function, belonging to the technical field of optical fiber structures.
  • Optical cables are manufactured to meet optical, mechanical, or environmental performance specifications. They are communication cable assemblies that utilize one or more optical fibers placed in a sheath as a transmission medium and can be used individually or in groups.
  • the optical cable is mainly composed of optical fiber (glass wire as thin as hair), plastic protective sleeve and plastic outer skin. There is no metal such as gold, silver, copper or aluminum in the optical cable.
  • a fiber optic cable is a communication line in which a certain number of optical fibers form a cable core in a certain manner, and a sheath is sheathed, and some outer cladding layers are also coated to realize optical signal transmission, that is, a fiber formed by a certain process. Cable.
  • Optical fiber cable is the main transmission tool of various information networks in the information society.
  • optical fiber is also widely used as a sensor, mainly to detect strain, especially in buildings, bridges, tunnels or pipelines. It may be that there are only small cracks, which will not make the fiber strain, and will gradually become larger. If there is a kind of monitoring that can be detected in the case of minor deformation, timely repair can prevent major accidents.
  • This patent is to provide a solution to this problem.
  • the present invention is directed to the problems existing in the prior art design, and provides a strain cable with monitoring water seepage, which can timely detect water seepage and prevent problems before they occur.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a stress optical cable having a water seepage monitoring function, wherein the stress optical fibers are sequentially disposed from the inside to the outside. Fiber, nylon jacket, water-swellable layer and reinforcement layer.
  • At least one of a water blocking belt having a water swelling function and a water blocking rubber strip is disposed in the water-swellable layer.
  • the reinforcing layer is provided as a woven reinforcing material.
  • the woven layer is provided as a mesh structure. Ensure that water can penetrate the past.
  • the woven reinforcing material is provided with one or more of a glass filament or aramid or PE yarn.
  • the diameter of the optical fiber is 0.2 to 0.26 mm
  • the diameter of the nylon sheath is 0.6 to 0.9 mm
  • the diameter of the water-swellable layer is 1.2 to 2.0 mm
  • the diameter of the reinforcing layer is 1.7 to 3.0. Mm.
  • the diameter of the optical fiber is 0.22 to 0.24 mm
  • the diameter of the nylon sheath is 0.66 to 0.86 mm
  • the diameter of the water-swellable layer is 1.4 to 1.8 mm
  • the diameter of the reinforcing layer is 1.8 to 2.8. Mm.
  • the advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1) The overall structure design is novel, simple, reliable, and the water seepage condition can be found in time to facilitate timely handling of the accident; 2) the technical solution has low cost and compact structure, and the scheme
  • the water-swellable layer is placed on the outside of the nylon sheath. Since the nylon sheath itself is waterproof, it can be used as an outer sheath material and does not need to block water.
  • This solution wraps the water-blocking material on the outside of the nylon sheathed fiber, and then The water-blocking material is woven with a non-metallic reinforcing material, which can improve the mechanical properties of the stress cable, and restrict the water-blocking material from expanding outward when the water-blocking band expands with water, thereby squeezing the nylon-sheathed fiber.
  • Stress, nylon sheathed fiber connected to the test device can judge where there is a question Issues, timely maintenance, to avoid further expansion of safety hazards; the outermost layer of the technical solution in the technical solution is conducive to the evaporation of water, when the water is dry, it can be restored to its original shape, repeated use, does not affect the use effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 1, a stress optical fiber cable having a water seepage monitoring function, which is provided with an optical fiber 1, a nylon sheath 2, a water-swellable layer 3, and a reinforcing layer 4 in this order from the inside to the outside.
  • the tight design between the optical fiber 1 and the nylon sheath 2, the strength of the nylon is larger than that of the PVC ⁇ PE, and there are many kinds of tightly-packed optical fibers, the resin is tightly packed, and the PVC ⁇ PE is tightly packed, which increases the service life of the optical fiber; Larger than other materials, it does not cause a lot of buffering to the external stress.
  • the nylon sheath design allows the externally received force to be transmitted to the fiber as much as possible, improving the accuracy of the stress sensing cable.
  • the pipeline, the tunnel, and the building are deformed to produce cracks, water seepage occurs.
  • the stress cable monitors the water seepage the problem is discovered and dealt with in time to prevent the problem.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in Fig. 1, as a modification of the present invention, a material having a water blocking function is disposed in the water-swellable layer 2.
  • the water-swellable layer is provided with a water blocking belt or a water-blocking rubber strip having a water swelling function, or a mixture of the two.
  • the outer surface of the nylon sheath is wrapped with a water-swellable layer.
  • the prior art optical cable generally functions to block water and prevent water from leaking.
  • the water blocking tape is generally placed inside the sheath, and the water is expanded to prevent the water from further infiltrating into the optical cable.
  • the technical solution is to place the water-swellable layer on the outside of the nylon sheath, because the nylon sheath itself is waterproof.
  • the material can be used as an outer sheath material without water blocking.
  • the solution encloses the water blocking material on the outside of the nylon sheathed fiber, and then weaves a non-metallic reinforcing material outside the water blocking material, which can improve the stress.
  • the mechanical properties of the cable while limiting the water-blocking material to expand outward when the water-blocking belt expands, and then compressively stress the nylon-sheathed fiber.
  • the nylon-sheathed fiber is connected to the test device to judge the problem and timely repair. .
  • Embodiment 3 As a modification of the present invention, the reinforcing layer 4 is provided as a woven reinforcing material, the woven layer is provided as a mesh structure, and the outer woven layer is required to be a mesh shape to facilitate water penetration.
  • the water in the expansion layer material it is also convenient for the water in the expansion layer material to volatilize and then slowly dry, and the test alarm is released, and the phenomenon that the fiber sensing device cannot be used after an alarm does not occur. In actual use, it is recommended to use a rubber water-blocking belt, which can repeatedly expand with water and does not affect the use effect.
  • the present invention can also combine at least one of the technical features described in Embodiments 2 and 3 with Embodiment 1 to form a new embodiment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆从内到外依次设置有光纤（1）、尼龙护套（2）、遇水膨胀层（3）以及加强层（4）。加强层（4）是网状编织结构，可以让外面的水渗透到遇水膨胀层（3），如果出现渗水现象，水通过加强层（4）进入遇水膨胀层（3），遇水膨胀层（3）迅速膨胀，因为加强层（4）限制了膨胀，对尼龙护套（2）内的光纤（1）产生挤压，导致光纤衰减曲线发生变化。尼龙护套（2）紧包光纤（1），因为尼龙的模量较高与光纤（1）紧密接触，传递压力比较直接，光纤（1）曲线变化比较明显，监控人员根据曲线变化的位置，处理渗水故障。处理故障后，再干燥的环境中遇水膨胀层（3）中的水分挥发，变回没有遇水时的状态，此光缆可以反复使用。

Description

一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光缆，尤其是涉及一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，属于光纤结构技术领域。
背景技术
光缆是为了满足光学、机械或环境的性能规范而制造的，它是利用置于包覆护套中的一根或多根光纤作为传输媒质并可以单独或成组使用的通信线缆组件。光缆主要是由光导纤维(细如头发的玻璃丝)和塑料保护套管及塑料外皮构成，光缆内没有金、银、铜铝等金属。光缆是一定数量的光纤按照一定方式组成缆心，外包有护套，有的还包覆外护层，用以实现光信号传输的一种通信线路，即：由光纤经过一定的工艺而形成的线缆。光缆是当今信息社会各种信息网的主要传输工具，现在光纤作为传感器也被大量运用，主要是检测应变，特别是防止在建筑物、桥梁、隧道或管道中，这些建筑物在应变比较小时，可能先只是有小的裂纹，不会对使光纤产生应变，慢慢才会变得更大，如果能有一种监控在微小形变的情况下就能检测到，及时修补就能防止放生重大事故，此专利就是提供一种解决此问题的方法。
发明内容
本发明正是针对现有技术设计中存在的问题，提供了一种具有监测渗水的应变光缆，该光缆可以及时发现渗水情况，防患于未然。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为，一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，其特征在于，所述应力光纤从内到外依次设置有 光纤、尼龙护套、遇水膨胀层以及加强层。
作为本发明的一种改进，所述遇水膨胀层内设置具有遇水膨胀功能的阻水带、阻水橡胶条中的至少一种。
作为本发明的一种改进，所述加强层设置为编织加强材料。
作为本发明的一种改进，所述编织层设置为网状结构。保证水可以渗透过去。
作为本发明的一种改进，所述编织加强材料设置玻璃丝或者芳纶或者PE纱中的一种或者多种混合。
作为本发明的一种改进，所述光纤的直径为0.2～0.26mm，尼龙护套的直径为0.6～0.9mm、遇水膨胀层的直径为1.2～2.0mm，加强层的直径为1.7～3.0mm.
作为本发明的一种改进，所述光纤的直径为0.22～0.24mm，尼龙护套的直径为0.66～0.86mm、遇水膨胀层的直径为1.4～1.8mm，加强层的直径为1.8～2.8mm。
相对于现有技术，本发明的优点如下：1)整体结构设计新颖、简单、可靠、可以及时发现渗水情况，便于事故的及时处理；2)该技术方案成本较低，结构紧凑，该方案把遇水膨胀层放在尼龙护套的外面，由于尼龙护套本身是防水的，可以作为外护套材料,不需要阻水,该方案把阻水材料包裹在尼龙护套光纤的外面,再在阻水材料外编织一层非金属加强材料，这种材料既可以提高应力光缆的机械性能，同时当阻水带遇水膨胀时限制阻水材料向外膨胀，进而对尼龙护套光纤产生挤压应力，尼龙护套光纤接上测试装置就可以判断那里出现问 题，及时检修，避免安全隐患的进一步扩大；该技术方案中的最外层设置的编织层，有利于水分的蒸发，当水干燥后，可以恢复原状，反复利用，不影响使用效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
其中，1、光纤，2、尼龙护套，3、遇水膨胀层，4、加强层。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解和认识，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述和介绍。
实施例1：如图1，一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，所述应力光纤从内到外依次设置有光纤1、尼龙护套2、遇水膨胀层3以及加强层4。光纤1和尼龙护套2之间紧套设计，尼龙的强度比PVC\PE大，紧套光纤有很多种,树脂紧包,PVC\PE紧包，增加了光纤的使用寿命；尼龙的硬度也比其他材料大，不会对外界的应力产生大量缓冲，因此尼龙护套设计使外部收到的力能最大可能的传递到光纤，提高了应力传感光缆的精度。当管道、隧道、建筑物发生形变产生裂纹时，出现渗水现象，该应力光缆监测到渗水时，及时发现并处理问题，防患于未然。
实施例2：如图1，作为本发明的一种改进，所述遇水膨胀层2内设置有阻水功能的材料。所述遇水膨胀层内设置具有遇水膨胀功能的阻水带或者阻水橡胶条，或者两者的混合。在尼龙护套外面裹一层遇水膨胀层，现有技术中的光缆一般的作用是阻水作用,防止水的渗漏, 光缆中一般都是放入阻水带在护套的内部，遇水后膨胀防止水进一步渗入光缆，该技术方案是把遇水膨胀层放在尼龙护套的外面，由于尼龙护套本身是防水的，可以作为外护套材料,不需要阻水,该方案把阻水材料包裹在尼龙护套光纤的外面,再在阻水材料外编织一层非金属加强材料，这种材料既可以提高应力光缆的机械性能，同时当阻水带遇水膨胀时限制阻水材料向外膨胀，进而对尼龙护套光纤产生挤压应力，尼龙护套光纤接上测试装置就可以判断那里出现问题，及时检修。
实施例3：如图1，作为本发明的一种改进，所述加强层4设置为编织加强材料，所述编织层设置为网状结构，外面的编织层要求是网状，便于水的渗入，同时当事故点维修好后，也便于膨胀层材料中的水挥发后慢慢变干，测试报警解除，不会出现一次报警后光纤传感装置不能使用的现象。实际使用中建议用橡胶阻水带,它可以反复遇水膨胀,不影响使用效果。
工作原理：
参见图1，当管道或隧道内漏水现象后,水慢慢通过加强层4渗入到光缆的遇水膨胀层3,导致膨胀层体积增加,加强层的存在限制膨胀的向外,因此对尼龙护套2产生挤压,因为是护套压力直接传到光纤1,导致光纤的受侧压产生光纤衰减曲线发生变化，通过检测仪器OTDR可以测试光纤衰减曲线，确定受力位置。
本发明还可以将实施例2、3所述技术特征中的至少一个与实施例1组合形成新的实施方式。
需要说明的是上述实施例，并非用来限定本发明的保护范围，在 上述技术方案的基础上所作出的等同变换或替代均落入本发明权利要求所保护的范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，其特征在于，所述应力光纤从内到外依次设置有光纤、尼龙护套、遇水膨胀层以及加强层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，其特征在于，所述遇水膨胀层内设置具有遇水膨胀功能的阻水带、阻水橡胶条中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，其特征在于，所述加强层设置为编织加强材料。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，其特征在于，所述编织层设置为网状结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，其特征在于，所述编织加强材料设置玻璃丝或者芳纶或者PE纱中的一种或者多种混合。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，其特征在于，所述光纤的直径为0.2～0.26mm，尼龙护套的直径为0.6～0.9mm、遇水膨胀层的直径为1.2～2.0mm，加强层的直径为1.7～3.0mm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆，其特征在于，所述光纤的直径为0.22～0.24mm，尼龙护套的直径为0.66～0.86mm、遇水膨胀层的直径为1.4～1.8mm，加强层的直径为1.8～2.8mm。
PCT/CN2016/080615 2015-11-05 2016-04-29 一种具有渗水监控功能的应力光缆 WO2017075949A1 (zh)

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CN109557626A (zh) * 2018-12-31 2019-04-02 安徽天康(集团)股份有限公司 一种光缆及其加工方法
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