WO2017071439A1 - 一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器 - Google Patents

一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017071439A1
WO2017071439A1 PCT/CN2016/099826 CN2016099826W WO2017071439A1 WO 2017071439 A1 WO2017071439 A1 WO 2017071439A1 CN 2016099826 W CN2016099826 W CN 2016099826W WO 2017071439 A1 WO2017071439 A1 WO 2017071439A1
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Prior art keywords
angle
hollow base
quadrilateral
apex angle
hollow
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PCT/CN2016/099826
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈立康
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中国石油天然气股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 filed Critical 中国石油天然气股份有限公司
Priority to EP16858875.4A priority Critical patent/EP3370089B1/en
Publication of WO2017071439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017071439A1/zh
Priority to US15/965,379 priority patent/US10718875B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
    • G01V1/181—Geophones
    • G01V1/184—Multi-component geophones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of geophones, and in particular to an earthquake omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector.
  • the wave information is not only limited to the amplitude, frequency and phase of the wave, but also includes the properties of the wave field and its properties, direction, force field divergence and rotation vector.
  • These spatial motion attributes contain a wealth of information that is indispensable for wave research and can play an important role in wave field separation, signal-to-noise ratio, fidelity, imaging accuracy, and media property analysis.
  • the existing seismic acquisition and detection technology can only detect amplitude, frequency, phase and other information, and basically does not have the function of detecting the motion properties of the wave space.
  • the related art proposes an omnidirectional vector geophone, with a high-performance mature commodity electromagnetic and capacitive geophone as the basic unit, and constructs a space vector structure according to the field theory formula to realize the detection of the full information of the seismic wave field.
  • the MEMS detector is a representative of the capacitance type.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the MEMS capacitance detector according to the related art. As shown in FIG. 1, the MEMS detector is provided with a spring for connecting the mass body and the frame. The MEMS detector uses capacitive ranging and electrostatic force negative feedback technology to convert part of the supporting force into sensitivity, which partially solves this problem. Therefore, its performance index has been greatly improved.
  • Electromagnetic detectors are completely spring-loaded, with spring resonance predominating and poorer performance.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the directional response of an ideal single detector in the longitudinal wave field.
  • the output of the detector in the longitudinal wave field is implemented based on the following formula:
  • a p represents the isochronal surface of the longitudinal wave field
  • a p represents the instantaneous displacement of the wave field
  • b represents the detector Sensitivity
  • ⁇ p represents the angle between the working direction of the detector and the direction of vibration of the wave field.
  • the output of the detector in the shear wave field is based on the following formula:
  • a s represents the isochronous surface of the transverse wave field
  • a s represents the instantaneous displacement of the wave vector A s in the direction of the vibration vector of the detector position
  • b represents the detector Sensitivity
  • ⁇ s represents the angle between the working direction of the detector and the direction of vibration of the wave field.
  • the amplitude of the wave field amplitude can also be considered to be stable in a local area much larger than the volume of the detector, and can be considered as a constant when considering the response of the detector.
  • the electromagnetic capacitance detector has a working direction
  • the output of a single detector is a known single variable, and only one equation can solve the two unknowns of the original function and the angle.
  • the existing detectors have the following disadvantages:
  • the common detector has no rotation, divergence, and vector detection functions.
  • the detected vector is projected as shown in Figure 2.
  • the hydrophone can perform divergence detection, but there is no rotation vector and line vector detection function.
  • the component detector is three orthogonal combinations of directivity as shown in Fig. 2, and has a line vector detection function, but has no divergence curl detection function.
  • the invention provides an earthquake omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector to solve at least the problem of sensitivity and fidelity of the spring structure of the detector in the related art.
  • an earthquake omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector comprising: a regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and equidistantly disposed inside and outside the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and having the same structure However, the inner layer hollow base and the outer hollow base of different sizes;
  • Each face of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure has a solid portion and a hollow portion, the solid portion being a quadrangle defined by an angle bisector of two corners of each face and an isosceles triangle that is butted against the center point of the face
  • the hollow portion is two triangles that are butted by the center point of the plane divided by the angle bisectors of the two corners;
  • each face of the inner layer hollow base is plated with a metal layer; wherein the metal layer has a size smaller than a quadrilateral and an isosceles triangle size of the inner layer hollow base, and the inner layer The metal layer on the quadrilateral of the hollow base does not contact the metal layer on the isosceles triangle;
  • each face of the outer hollow base is plated with a metal layer; wherein the metal layer has a size smaller than a quadrilateral and an isosceles triangle size of the outer hollow base, and the outer layer The metal layer on the quadrilateral of the hollow base does not contact the metal layer on the isosceles triangle.
  • the regular tetrahedral hollow structure comprises a main triangular face; one of the main triangular faces is defined as a first apex angle of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the first apex angle is the main triangular face a corner of the quadrilateral of the solid part;
  • the other side of the bottom edge corresponding to the first apex angle is defined as a first side of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and a midpoint of the bottom side corresponding to the first apex angle is counterclockwise at the main triangular surface Sliding, the angle on the first side encountered is defined as a second apex angle, and the second apex angle is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion of the first side;
  • the other side of the bottom edge corresponding to the second apex angle is defined as a second side of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and a midpoint of the bottom edge corresponding to the second apex angle is clockwise on the first side Sliding, the angle on the second side encountered is defined as a third apex angle, and the third apex angle is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion on the second side;
  • the other side of the bottom edge corresponding to the third apex angle is defined as a third side of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and a midpoint of the bottom edge corresponding to the third apex angle is counterclockwise on the second side Sliding, the angle on the third side encountered is defined as a fourth apex angle, and the fourth apex angle is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion on the third side;
  • the first apex angle, the second apex angle, the third apex angle, and the fourth apex angle respectively correspond to a first vertex, a second vertex, a third vertex, and a third of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure Four vertices
  • the first apex angle is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion on the main triangular surface; an angle of the third apex on the first side is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion on the first side An angle of the fourth vertex on the second side is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion on the second side; an angle of the second vertex on the third side is the One corner of the quadrilateral of the solid portion on the three sides.
  • the regular tetrahedral hollow structure is made of a metal material; the inner layer hollow base and the outer layer hollow base are insulating materials; and the outer layer hollow base and the inner layer hollow base are a first circuit is connected between the metal layers on the quadrilateral surface on the symmetrical surface; and the outer layer hollow base is connected to the metal layer on the isosceles triangle on the symmetrical surface of the inner layer hollow base Two circuits.
  • the surface of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the surface of the inner layer hollow base and the metal layer on the outer hollow base are oxidized to form an insulating film.
  • the vertex directly below the main triangular face of the outer hollow base is connected to a cone-shaped caudal vertebra whose cone point is vertically downward.
  • the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector further comprises: a spherical casing divided into an upper hemispherical shell and a lower hemispherical shell, the outer layer hollow base, the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, The inner layer hollow base is placed inside the spherical shell, and the bottom of the lower hemispherical shell is provided with a tail hole, and the tail vertebra passes through the tail hole of the lower hemispherical shell.
  • the edges of the upper hemispherical shell and the lower hemispherical shell are respectively provided with cooperating protrusions, and the protrusions of the upper hemispherical shell and the lower hemispherical shell pass through the fixing component fixed.
  • a signal line hole is disposed on the spherical housing, and signal output lines of the first circuit and the second circuit pass through the signal line hole.
  • the joint gap between the upper semi-spherical shell and the lower hemispherical shell of the spherical shell, the tail spine hole and the signal wire hole are sealed and waterproofed with a silicone rubber or a rubber material.
  • each of the outer layer hollow base, the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the inner layer hollow base is an arbitrary curved surface or a plane.
  • the spatial full vector detection structure is designed, and a new seismic omnidirectional vector detector technology is developed, which can realize the properties of frequency, amplitude, phase and vibration direction of the seismic wave field.
  • the full information detection of the divergence and curl of the wave dynamic field is designed, and a new seismic omnidirectional vector detector technology is developed, which can realize the properties of frequency, amplitude, phase and vibration direction of the seismic wave field.
  • the sensitivity and fidelity of the detector are higher than that of the existing detector
  • the rotation vector has the same mechanism structure, the physical and mathematical relationship is direct.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a working principle of a MEMS capacitance detector according to the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the directional response of an ideal single detector in a longitudinal wave field
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the directional response of an ideal single detector in a transverse wave field
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an earthquake omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of each face of a regular tetrahedral hollow structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a first schematic structural view of an seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a second schematic structural view of a seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a working vector of a first structure of a seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a working vector of a second structure of a seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of parallel vectors in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a space vector diagram of a seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a fully integrated equivalent Gaussian divergence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the equivalent structure of a forward and reverse rotation of a Stokes integral according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of measured output of an seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides an earthquake omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector, which is equally balanced in spatial structure, which is a structural advantage that is not possessed by the detector in the prior art, and the structural advantage can be used to achieve complete Electrostatic suspension.
  • the specific structure of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector is introduced below.
  • the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector includes: a regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and a short tetrahedron hollowing out
  • the inner and outer hollow bases of the inner and outer structures of the structure which are equidistantly arranged and have the same structure but different sizes, that is, the inner layer hollow base and the outer hollow base are all regular tetrahedral structures, but the outer layer
  • the hollow base is sleeved outside the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the size is larger than the regular tetrahedral hollow structure.
  • the inner hollow base is set inside the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the size is smaller than the regular tetrahedral hollow structure.
  • Each face of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, the inner hollow base and the outer hollow base is composed of a quadrangular plate and an isosceles triangular plate.
  • the right side of Figure 4 shows the plate structure of one face of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector, in the middle is a face of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the upper and lower sides are respectively an outer hollow base and an inner hollow base. surface.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of each face of a regular tetrahedral hollow structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a quadrangular plate on each face and an isosceles triangular plate are connected to the face.
  • the present embodiment provides a preferred embodiment for accurately dividing the quadrilateral plate and the isosceles triangular plate, that is, each face of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure has a solid portion and a hollow portion, and the solid portion a quadrilateral divided into an angle bisector of two corners of each face and an isosceles triangle that is butted against the center point of the face, the hollow portion being the two of the angle bisectors of the two corners Triangles.
  • the geometric center of the quadrilateral and the isosceles triangle of the solid part is equal to the distance of the geometric center of the surface. If the distance is a, the length of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure is
  • the solid part and the hollow part of each surface can be accurately divided, thereby accurately constructing the balance structure of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector, and providing a basis for realizing electrostatic suspension.
  • the positional division of the quadrilateral plate and the isosceles triangular plate on each face of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure needs to meet specific requirements to ensure the normal operation of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector.
  • FIG. 6 is a first structural diagram of a seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the regular tetrahedral hollow structure includes a main triangular face 100; one of the main triangular faces 100 The angle is defined as a first apex angle a of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, the first apex angle a being an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion of the main triangular face 100;
  • the other side of the bottom edge corresponding to the first vertex angle a is defined as the first side 101 of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the midpoint of the bottom edge corresponding to the first vertex angle a slides counterclockwise in the main triangular face 100, encountering
  • the angle on the first side 101 is defined as a second apex angle b, which is an angle of the quadrilateral of the solid portion of the first side 101; it should be noted that the counterclockwise direction is at the main triangular face When the 100 is placed horizontally upward, the counterclockwise direction when the person faces the first side 101 is adopted in the following counterclockwise direction and clockwise direction.
  • the other side of the bottom edge corresponding to the second apex angle b is defined as the second side 102 of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the midpoint of the bottom edge corresponding to the second apex angle b slides clockwise in the first side 101, encountering
  • the angle on the second side 102 is defined as a third apex angle c, which is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion of the second side 102;
  • the other side of the bottom edge corresponding to the third apex angle c is defined as the third side 103 of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the midpoint of the bottom edge corresponding to the third apex angle c slides counterclockwise on the second side 102, encountering
  • the angle on the third side 103 is defined as the fourth apex angle d, which is an angle of the quadrilateral of the solid portion of the third side 103.
  • FIG. 7 is a second schematic structural diagram of an seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, the first apex angle a, the second apex angle b, and the third top
  • the angle c and the fourth vertex angle d respectively correspond to the first vertex A, the second vertex B, the third vertex C, and the fourth vertex D of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure.
  • the first apex angle a is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion of the main triangular face 100; the angle of the third apex C on the first side 101 is an angle of a quadrilateral of the solid portion of the first side 101; the fourth vertex D
  • the corner on the second side 102 is an angle of the quadrilateral of the solid portion of the second side 102; the angle of the second vertex B on the third side 103 is an angle of the quadrilateral of the solid portion of the third side 103.
  • a single straight line connecting one corner, the geometric center of the face and the midpoint of the edge is set.
  • the face of the tetrahedral hollow structure is set upwards (ie, the main triangular face above), and the line connecting the geometric center of the body to the geometric center of the face is defined vertically as the vertical axis of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector (also It may be referred to as a main axis, and is also a first line vector axis, and the direction of the above-mentioned straight line provided on the face disposed upward is defined as the north direction (also referred to as the first direction) of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector.
  • the angle on the first side encountered by counterclockwise sliding along the edge perpendicular to the north direction, the direction pointing to the midpoint of the rib is the second direction, and the clockwise sliding along the edge perpendicular to the second direction encounters the first
  • the angle on the two sides, the direction pointing to the midpoint of the rib is the third direction
  • the direction pointing to the midpoint of the rib is the fourth direction.
  • the four corners through which the first direction, the second direction, the third direction, and the fourth direction pass are the angles of the quadrilateral on the four faces of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure.
  • the angle encountered by the clockwise sliding of the edge perpendicularly intersecting the north direction, the direction pointing to the midpoint of the edge is the fifth direction, and the edge perpendicularly intersecting the fifth direction
  • the angle encountered is counterclockwise, the direction pointing to the midpoint of the rib is the sixth direction, the angle encountered by the clockwise crossing of the rib perpendicular to the sixth direction, and the direction pointing to the midpoint of the rib is the seventh direction.
  • the four corners passing through the north direction, the fifth direction, the sixth direction, and the seventh direction are respectively the corners of the quadrilateral on the four faces of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a working vector of a first structure of a seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a second structure of a seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Schematic diagram of the working vector the arrows on each face in FIGS. 8 and 9 represent the working vector, the central axis perpendicular to the main triangular face 100 is set as the main axis 200, and the angle bisector of the first vertex angle a on the main triangular face 100 The direction is set to the north direction.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of parallel vectors according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, in a smooth continuous wave field, the sum of two parallel vectors whose distance is much smaller than the wavelength and the point multiplication of the wave field is divided by 2, which is equal to the intermediate position. Vector multiplication with wave field.
  • FIG. 11 is a spatial vector relationship diagram of an seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, each arrow in the figure represents a work vector on each face.
  • the circle in Figure 11 represents the inscribed ball surrounded by the eight space vectors of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector, the diameter of which is: one face of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector The spacing between the quadrilateral and the geometric center of the isosceles triangle.
  • a plurality of detectors having the directivity shown in FIG. 2 are combined in the direction of the space vector shown in FIG. 2, that is, the space vector relationship shown in FIG. 11, and may have the function of an omnidirectional space vector.
  • Such a structure not only has a space line vector, a spin vector, and a divergence detection function, but also has a space force balance structure foundation required for electrostatic suspension, and can solve the negative influence problem caused by the spring.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a fully integrated equivalent Gaussian divergence according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the equivalent structure of a Stokes integral forward and reverse rotation according to an embodiment of the present invention, in combination with FIG. 12 and FIG. Vector relationship knows:
  • the divergence formula of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector of the embodiment of the invention can be obtained:
  • A is the wave field function
  • l is the detector response vector
  • i is the inner channel number of the detector.
  • Div divergence
  • rot curl
  • V volume
  • dv volume differential
  • S area
  • dS area differential
  • m number of positive m-planes
  • n i is the detector response on the i-th normal Vector.
  • the tetrahedral hollow structure of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector is set to a metal material.
  • a regular tetrahedral hollow structure can be made of a conductive plate having a certain thickness (assuming a thickness h).
  • the metal crucible can be selected. After the hollow portion is removed according to the shape shown in FIG. 5, in order to ensure that the regular tetrahedral hollow structure is not dispersed as a whole, the narrow side can be selected.
  • the inner layer hollow base and the outer hollow base are provided as an insulating material, and the outer surface of each side of the inner layer hollow base is plated with a metal layer; wherein the metal layer is smaller in size than the inner layer hollow base
  • the inner surface of each face of the outer hollow base is plated with a metal layer; wherein the metal layer has a size smaller than the quadrilateral and isosceles triangle dimensions of the outer hollow base, as shown on the right side of FIG. 4, the outer layer The metal layer on the quadrilateral of the hollow base does not contact the metal layer on the isosceles triangle.
  • the present embodiment provides a preferred embodiment, that is, the surface of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and the surface of the inner layer hollow base, the metal layer on the outer hollow base, are oxidized
  • An insulating film is formed, for example, to form an insulating film having a thickness of h 1 (niobium pentoxide).
  • the outer hollow base and the inner hollow base are respectively spaced apart from the regular tetrahedral hollow structure (assuming the spacing is d), then the distance between the outer hollow base and the inner hollow base should be set to 2d+h+2h 1 .
  • ⁇ is the density
  • g earth gravity acceleration ⁇ is the dielectric constant
  • Tc ⁇ g / ⁇
  • h 1 take 0.05h
  • the general oxidizing medium ⁇ t is much larger than the air dielectric coefficient ⁇ 0
  • taking h1 is greater than 1 / ⁇ of d
  • h1 and ⁇ t are negligible
  • Tc is the density-gravity specific dielectric constant, which is introduced for the short formula.
  • the value of the thickness of the moving plate h and the working gap d of the electrode are determined according to the process level and performance requirements, and no specific provisions are made here.
  • the breakdown voltage is especially an important issue, so the maximum value that U can set is less than the voltage that the insulating film thickness h 1 can withstand.
  • the h 1 is larger than the regular tetrahedral hollow structure and the outer hollow base and the inner hollow base. 1/ ⁇ of the gap d.
  • the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector needs to be connected to the circuit, specifically: the metal on the quadrilateral substrate on the outer surface of the outer hollow base and the inner layer hollow base symmetric with respect to the regular tetrahedral hollow structure.
  • a first circuit is connected between the layers; a second circuit is connected between the outer hollow base and the metal layer on the isosceles triangular substrate on the inner layer of the hollow base opposite the regular tetrahedral hollow structure.
  • the first circuit has the same circuit structure as the second circuit except that it is connected to a different position on the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector.
  • the 16 layers of metal plated on the outer hollow base and the inner hollow base are cut off to ensure electrical insulation, and the circuit connection and the fixed bracket between the faces are composed of an earthquake omnidirectional vector electrostatic suspension detector.
  • the hollow part is connected and ejected.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the metal layer on the opposite side of the inner layer hollow base and the outer hollow base constitutes a positive and negative voltage application plate, electrically connected to FIG.
  • the capacitor bridge and amplifier output connection point of the circuit A sinusoidal capacitance is applied between the capacitor bridge and the transformer to apply a high frequency (depending on the size of the device, optional between 10 kHz and 1 MHz) to detect the AC voltage.
  • the capacitor bridge is out of balance, and the phase sensitive demodulation capacitor detection circuit outputs a control signal.
  • the voltage U, the gravitational acceleration g and the acceleration a are vectors
  • h and d are the thickness of the metal suspension plate of the regular tetrahedral hollow structure and the gap between the upper and lower plates, respectively
  • ⁇ is the density of the metal material of the suspension plate.
  • the voltage output from the inner and outer plates is used as a measurement result by the output circuit.
  • Each set of circuits corresponds to a set of sandwich structures (ie, each corresponding inner and outer plates), and the quadrilateral and isosceles triangles are each connected to a set of circuits.
  • the entire device requires 8 circuits to work simultaneously.
  • the output constitutes eight space vectors, and its vector, rotation and external force are completely opposite, achieving the effect of electrostatic suspension, and forming a spatial omnidirectional vector and a divergence measurement function.
  • the inner layer hollow base and the outer layer hollow base are connected structures made of insulating material, and the metal plates are electrically insulated.
  • the inner layer hollow base and the outer layer hollow base reserve a guiding protruding structure which is externally discharged by the hollow portion, and the guiding protruding structure is provided with a lead-out circuit electrically connected to each of the plates.
  • the eight pairs of plates of the omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector (divided into quadrilateral plates and isosceles triangular plates) correspond to eight circuits and sixteen extraction electrodes.
  • U 2 is the set of output vectors; (g+a) is the set of input vectors; 0.5h ⁇ d 2 / ⁇ is the response function, which is both sensitivity and fidelity.
  • the device is completed, h, ⁇ , d, ⁇ are constants, indicating excellent fidelity; electrostatic suspension conditions are guaranteed
  • the sensitivity is also much larger than the spring support structure.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing measured output of an seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the output results of the four first circuits correspond to the first set of spins shown in FIG.
  • the output results of the four second circuits described above correspond to the second set of spins shown in FIG.
  • the sum of the first set of spins and the second set of spins is zero, and the difference between the first set of spins and the second set of spins is a double spin.
  • the vector direction of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector is determined by the 1 rotation to the 2 right hand rule, and the total rotation vector direction can be obtained by vector operation. Vibration line vector can be redundant Vector calculation is found.
  • the pure transverse wave line vector can be obtained, and the pure transverse wave line vector can be subtracted from the total vibration line vector to obtain the pure longitudinal wave vibration line vector.
  • the specific structure of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector has been described in detail.
  • the apex directly below the main triangular surface of the outer hollow base can be connected to a cone point vertically
  • the lower vertebrae of the tail vertebrae facilitates fixation on the ground.
  • the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector can also be provided with a spherical shell, which is divided into an upper hemispherical shell and a lower hemispherical shell, an outer hollow base, a regular tetrahedral hollow structure, and an inner hollow base placed in the above spherical shape.
  • a caudal vertebral hole is provided at the bottom of the lower semi-spherical housing, and the caudal vertebra passes through the caudal vertebra hole of the lower semi-spherical housing.
  • the present embodiment provides a preferred embodiment in which the edges of the upper hemispherical shell and the lower hemispherical shell are respectively provided with mutually cooperating protrusions.
  • the protrusions of the upper hemispherical housing and the lower hemispherical housing are fixed by the fixing assembly. For example, it is fixed by screws and screw holes. Thereby ensuring the stability of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector during actual operation.
  • a signal line hole may be disposed on the spherical casing, so that the signal output line of the circuit (ie, the first circuit and the second circuit) passes through the signal line hole. Therefore, the signal output line is outputted to the outside of the casing to effectively acquire data.
  • the joint gap, the tail hole and the signal line hole between the upper hemispherical shell and the lower hemispherical shell of the spherical shell can be sealed and waterproofed.
  • silicone or rubber materials can be selected for sealing to improve the tightness of the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector.
  • each surface may be a plane or an arbitrary surface, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the method of making an omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector is as follows:
  • the enamel powder, the porcelain mud powder, the acid-resistant metal powder, the acid-resistant material powder, the embryos are printed according to the computer stereograms designed with various precise parameters, and after being formed at a high temperature, the bismuth pentoxide can be generated by using the bismuth effect.
  • the acid solution is formed by etching the non-acid resistant material to form an insulating layer.
  • the electronic technology level of the earthquake omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector far exceeds the seismic demand.
  • the influence of the dynamic mass is reduced to a small extent when the depth is negative feedback, and the electrostatic force is the DC low frequency, and the bandwidth may reach 0 to hundreds. Even thousands Hz.
  • the frequency curve is flat over a wide frequency band, and the sensitivity and fidelity will be much higher than that of the omnidirectional vector detector made by the electromagnetic type and the existing MEMS type unit.
  • the output of the omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector in the steady state is gravity, which can be used for gravity exploration, dip calculation, and the like.
  • the circuit principle of the earthquake omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector is high frequency small capacitance measurement, strong negative feedback electrostatic force controls the equidistance between the upper and lower plates, and the space tetrahydrogen negative feedback of the tetrahedron to achieve electrostatic balance.
  • the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector can be applied to the following aspects: onshore artificial seismic exploration, natural seismic exploration, gravitational detection, and motion attitude measurement.
  • the rotation of the seismic wave can be detected, and the vibration direction and the true amplitude of the wave field can be obtained, and the pure longitudinal and transverse waves can be decomposed, thereby being able to obtain never before.
  • the rich seismic wave information has laid a new data foundation for the exploration and research of earth science.
  • seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector for seismic wave detection is a new concept of seismic wave detection method, which can develop a new concept of seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation methods, and form a new series of seismic exploration technology. More than just new technologies to improve signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, and fidelity. Further research and application of this technology will have more discoveries of technical characteristics, and it is a new technical field of invention, discovery and development.
  • the indicators measured by the seismic omnidirectional vector electrostatic levitation detector can be greatly improved, and can be applied to higher precision fields, for example, ultra-low frequency broadband high sensitivity design can be extended to gravitational property detection of gravitational fluctuations, micro acceleration Micro-rotation measurement, motion attitude control and other fields.

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Abstract

一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器。其中，包括：正四面体镂空结构，以及，在正四面体镂空结构的内外与其等距设置，且与其结构相同但尺寸不同的内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座；正四面体镂空结构的每个面具有实体部分及镂空部分，实体部分为在每个面的两个角的角平分线划分出的四边形及与其通过面中心点对接的等腰三角形，镂空部分为两个角的角平分线划分的通过面中心对接的两个三角形。该检波器设计了空间全矢量检测结构，从而实现全新的地震全向矢量检波器技术，能完成对地震波场的频率、振幅、相位、振动方向等属性、尤其是波动力场的散度和旋度的全信息检测。

Description

一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器 技术领域
本发明涉及检波器技术领域，尤其涉及一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器。
背景技术
根据波动理论，波动信息不仅局限于波的振幅、频率、相位，还包括波场的振动性质和方向、力场散度和旋度矢量等多类空间运动的属性。这些空间运动属性，包含了对波动研究不可缺少的丰富信息，可以在波场分离、信噪比、保真度、成像精度、介质属性分析等方面起到重要作用。但是，现有地震采集检测技术却只能检测振幅、频率、相位等信息，基本没有检测波动空间运动属性的功能。
为此，相关技术中提出全向矢量地震检波器，以高性能成熟商品电磁和电容型地震检波器为基本单元，根据场论公式，构建空间矢量结构，以实现地震波场全信息的检测。
但是，现有技术中的地震检波器有一个很大的缺陷，影响了以其为单元器件构建的全向矢量地震检波器性能的进一步提高，这就是相对运动问题：任何运动、振动的测量，必须有一个相对不动的参考系。一般而言，均以大地不动为参考。而针对大地波动、振动的测量，如何建立不动的参考系，是一个重要而又困难的问题。
传统检波器采用弹簧悬挂支持质量块，以弹簧的延迟造成质量块与大地的相对运动的方法来解决这个问题。但是，弹簧的K系数和延迟的反比关系，就是缺陷所在。弹簧越软延迟越长，相对运动越大，灵敏度越高，保真度却越差；弹簧越硬延迟越短，保真度越好，灵敏度却越低。如果质量块和大地同步运动，则延迟没有了，保真度虽然很好，相对运动却没有了，灵敏度就是零，则会导致检波器失效。由此看来，灵敏度和保真度成为一对矛盾。所以一直以来，检波器的核心技术中弹簧的设计制作是极为重要的。
下面通过公式进行解释：
弹簧力平衡公式：(g+a)m＝-kx，
弹簧振动公式：
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000001
弹簧检波器输出公式：
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000002
其中：x为动子位移；A为波场振幅；U为输出；T为磁场强，如替换为电场强，也是x的函数；a为待测量的加速度；m为动子系统质量；k为弹簧系数；τ为系统响应时；
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000003
为相位；r为阻尼系数。
通过上述几个公式可以看出，影响灵敏度时k在分母，越小越好；影响保真度时k在分子，越大越好。
MEMS检波器是电容型的代表，图1是根据相关技术的MEMS电容检波器的工作原理示意图，如图1所示，MEMS检波器中设置有弹簧，用以连接质量体和框架。MEMS检波器以电容测距配合静电力负反馈技术，将一部分支持力转换为灵敏度，部分解决了这个问题，因此，其性能指标有了大幅度的提高。
如果能将支持力全部转换为灵敏度，保真度和灵敏度就能完美结合，性能指标就会更大幅度提高。但是，现有的MEMS检波器因为空间结构问题，力平衡不是三维立体的，不能只靠静电力在三维空间实现悬浮，还是需要弹簧结构支撑，灵敏度与保真度的矛盾就依然存在，使得性能的改善受到限制。
基于上述对电容检波器工作原理的分析可知，弹簧是制约灵敏度和保真度的关键因素。电磁型检波器更是完全的弹簧支撑，弹簧谐振占主导地位，性能更差。
基于上述对MEMS检波器工作原理的分析可知，弹簧的作用不可忽略，仍然限制了性能的提高。
图2是理想单检波器在纵波波场中的方向性响应示意图，图3是理想单检波器在横波波场中的方向性响应示意图，用以说明检波器的工作方向性。如图2、图3所示，检波器的输出基于下述公式实现：out＝A·n＝a×b cosθ。其中，A表示波场函数，矢量；n表示检波器工作方向单位矢量；a表示波场A在振动方向的瞬时振幅；b表示检波器灵敏度；θ表示检波器的工作方向与检波器位置处波场振动方向的夹角；p为纵波下标；s为横波下标。
具体地，如图2所示，检波器在纵波波场中的输出基于下述公式实现：
out＝Ap·n＝ap×b cosθp；其中，Ap表示纵波波场等时面；ap表示波场Ap在检波器位置的法线方向的瞬时位移量；b表示检波器灵敏度；θp表示检波器的工作方向与波场振动方向的夹角。
如图3所示，检波器在横波波场中的输出基于下述公式实现：
out＝As·n＝as×b cosθs；其中，As表示横波波场等时面；as表示波场As在检波器位置的振动矢量方向的瞬时位移量；b表示检波器灵敏度；θs表示检波器的工作方向与波场振动方向的夹角。
图2、图3以及上述公式中没有包含电磁电容检波器的其它性能，只是方向性的描述。上述公式只是用来说明单个检波器，满足多矢量空间结构的方向性要求。
假设所有的检波器灵敏度都一致，就可以把b作为常数，或可令其等于1，对数学物理意义没有影响。波场振幅极值在远大于检波器体积的局部区域内也可以认为是稳定的，在考虑检波器响应时可暂认为是常数。
电磁电容检波器虽然有工作方向，但基于单个检波器输出的是已知的单一变量，只一个方程解不出原函数和夹角两个未知数。
综上可知，现有检波器存在以下不足：
1、普通检波器没有旋度、散度、矢量检测功能，检测到的是矢量的投影，如图2所示；水听器可以进行散度检测，但没有旋矢量和线矢量检测功能；三分量检波器是三个如图2所示方向性的正交组合，具有线矢量检测功能，但没有散度旋度检测功能。
2、所有弹簧支撑结构中，灵敏度和保真度相互制约，性能提高能力有限。
3、正在研发中的旋、线矢量分体结构，整体体积较大。
4、没有旋线矢量同机理结构。
针对相关技术中的上述问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，以至少解决相关技术中检波器的弹簧结构制约灵敏度和保真度的问题。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中包括：正四面体镂空结构，以及，在所述正四面体镂空结构的内外与其等距设置，且与其结构相同但尺寸不同的内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座；
所述正四面体镂空结构的每个面具有实体部分及镂空部分，所述实体部分为在每个面的两个角的角平分线划分出的四边形及与其通过面中心点对接的等腰三角形，所述镂空部分为所述两个角的角平分线划分的通过面中心点对接的两个三角形；
所述内层镂空基座的每个面的外表面镀上一层金属层；其中，所述金属层的尺寸小于所述内层镂空基座的四边形及等腰三角形尺寸，并且所述内层镂空基座的四边形上的金属层与等腰三角形上的金属层互不接触；
所述外层镂空基座的每个面的内表面镀上一层金属层；其中，所述金属层的尺寸小于所述外层镂空基座的四边形及等腰三角形尺寸，并且所述外层镂空基座的四边形上的金属层与等腰三角形上的金属层互不接触。
优选地，所述正四面体镂空结构包含主三角形面；所述主三角形面其中一个角定义为所述正四面体镂空结构的第一顶角，所述第一顶角为所述主三角形面的实体部分的四边形的一个角；
所述第一顶角对应的底边所在的另一面定义为所述正四面体镂空结构的第一侧面，所述第一顶角对应的底边的中点在所述主三角形面逆时针方向滑动，遇到的所述第一侧面上的角定义为第二顶角，所述第二顶角为所述第一侧面的实体部分的四边形的一个角；
所述第二顶角对应的底边所在的另一面定义为所述正四面体镂空结构的第二侧面，所述第二顶角对应的底边的中点在所述第一侧面顺时针方向滑动，遇到的所述第二侧面上的角定义为第三顶角，所述第三顶角为所述第二侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；
所述第三顶角对应的底边所在的另一面定义为所述正四面体镂空结构的第三侧面，所述第三顶角对应的底边的中点在所述第二侧面逆时针方向滑动，遇到的所述第三侧面上的角定义为第四顶角，所述第四顶角为所述第三侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；
或者，
所述第一顶角、所述第二顶角、所述第三顶角及所述第四顶角分别对应所述正四面体镂空结构的第一顶点、第二顶点、第三顶点及第四顶点；
所述第一顶角为所述主三角形面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；所述第三顶点在所述第一侧面上的角，为所述第一侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；所述第四顶点在所述第二侧面上的角，为所述第二侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；所述第二顶点在所述第三侧面上的角，为所述第三侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角。
优选地，所述正四面体镂空结构为金属材质；所述内层镂空基座和所述外层镂空基座为绝缘材质；所述外层镂空基座与所述内层镂空基座上相对称的面上的四边形上的金属层之间连接第一电路；所述外层镂空基座与所述内层镂空基座上相对称的面上的等腰三角形上的金属层之间连接第二电路。
优选地，所述正四面体镂空结构的表面，以及所述内层镂空基座、所述外层镂空基座上的金属层的表面，均氧化形成一层绝缘膜。
优选地，所述外层镂空基座的主三角形面的正下方顶点连接一锥点竖直朝下的圆椎形尾椎。
优选地，所述地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器还包括：球形壳体，分为上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体，所述外层镂空基座、所述正四面体镂空结构、所述内层镂空基座放置在所述球形壳体内部，所述下半球形壳体的底部设置尾椎孔，所述尾椎穿过所述下半球形壳体的尾椎孔。
优选地，所述上半球形壳体和所述下半球形壳体的边缘分别设置有相互配合的突出部，所述上半球形壳体和所述下半球形壳体的突出部通过固定组件固定。
优选地，所述球形壳体上设置信号线孔，所述第一电路和所述第二电路的信号输出线穿过该信号线孔。
优选地，所述球形壳体的上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体之间的接合缝隙、所述尾椎孔和所述信号线孔，均以硅胶或橡胶材料密封防水。
优选地，所述外层镂空基座、所述正四面体镂空结构、所述内层镂空基座的每个面为任意曲面或平面。
本发明根据场论的散度和旋度公式，设计了空间全矢量检测结构，研究出全新的地震全向矢量检波器技术，能实现对地震波场的频率、振幅、相位、振动方向等属性、尤其是波动力场的散度和旋度的全信息检测。
本发明的技术效果如下：
1、基于静电悬浮结构，使得检波器的灵敏度和保真度高于现有检波器；
2、具有波动旋度、散度、矢量检测功能；
3、旋、散、线矢量合体，检波器的整体体积较小；
4、旋线矢量同机理结构，物理数学关系直接。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限定。在附图中：
图1是根据相关技术的MEMS电容检波器工作原理示意图；
图2是理想单检波器在纵波波场中的方向性响应示意图；
图3是理想单检波器在横波波场中的方向性响应示意图；
图4是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的结构示意图；
图5是根据本发明实施例的正四面体镂空结构的每个面的结构示意图；
图6是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的第一种结构示意图；
图7是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的第二种结构示意图；
图8是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的第一种结构的工作矢量示意图；
图9是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的第二种结构的工作矢量示意图；
图10是根据本发明实施例的平行矢量示意图；
图11是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的空间矢量关系图；
图12是根据本发明实施例的全积分等效高斯散度结构示意图；
图13是根据本发明实施例的斯托克斯积分正反旋等效结构示意图；
图14是根据本发明实施例的电路示意图；
图15是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器实测输出示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明提出了一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其在空间结构上是各向均等平衡的，这是现有技术中检波器都不具备的结构优势，利用这个结构优势可实现完全的静电悬浮。下面对地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的具体结构进行介绍。
图4是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的结构示意图，如图4所示，地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器包括：正四面体镂空结构，以及，在正四面体镂空结构的内外与其等距设置，且与其结构相同但尺寸不同的内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座，即内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座均为正四面体结构，只是外层镂空基座套在正四面体镂空结构的外部，尺寸大于正四面体镂空结构，内层镂空基座设在正四面体镂空结构的内部，尺寸小于正四面体镂空结构。正四面体镂空结构、内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座的每个面均是由一个四边形极板和一个等腰三角形极板构成。图4中右侧所示为地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的一个面的极板结构，中间是正四面体镂空结构的一个面，上下分别是外层镂空基座和内层镂空基座的一个面。
图5是根据本发明实施例的正四面体镂空结构的每个面的结构示意图，如图5所示，每个面上的四边形的极板与等腰三角形的极板相接于所在面的几何中心。本实施例提供了一种优选实施方式，用以准确划分上述四边形的极板和上述等腰三角形的极板，即：正四面体镂空结构的每个面具有实体部分及镂空部分，上述实体部分为在每个面的两个角的角平分线划分出的四边形及与其通过面中心点对接的等腰三角形，上述镂空部分为上述两个角的角平分线划分的通过面中心点对接的两个三角形。实体部分的四边形和等腰三角形各自的几何中心与面几何中心的距离相等，假设该距离为a，则正四面体镂空结构的棱长为
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000004
通过上述优选实施方式，可准确划分每个面的实体部分和镂空部分，从而准确构造地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的平衡结构，为实现静电悬浮提供基础。
正四面体镂空结构的每个面上四边形的极板和等腰三角形的极板的位置划分，需要符合特定要求，才能保证地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的正常工作。对于每个面上四边形的极板与等腰三角形的极板的位置划分，至少有两种划分方法，下面分别进行介绍。
1)图6是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的第一种结构示意图，如图6所示，正四面体镂空结构包含主三角形面100；主三角形面100的其中一个角定义为正四面体镂空结构的第一顶角a，该第一顶角a为主三角形面100的实体部分的四边形的一个角；
第一顶角a对应的底边所在的另一面定义为正四面体镂空结构的第一侧面101，第一顶角a对应的底边的中点在主三角形面100逆时针方向滑动，遇到的第一侧面101上的角定义为第二顶角b，该第二顶角b为第一侧面101的实体部分的四边形的一个角；需要说明的是，该逆时针方向是在主三角形面100水平朝上放置时，人面对第一侧面101时的逆时针方向，下述的逆时针方向及顺时针方向均采用此方式。
第二顶角b对应的底边所在的另一面定义为正四面体镂空结构的第二侧面102，第二顶角b对应的底边的中点在第一侧面101顺时针方向滑动，遇到的第二侧面102上的角定义为第三顶角c，该第三顶角c为第二侧面102上实体部分的四边形的一个角；
第三顶角c对应的底边所在的另一面定义为正四面体镂空结构的第三侧面103，第三顶角c对应的底边的中点在第二侧面102逆时针方向滑动，遇到的第三侧面103上的角定义为第四顶角d，第四顶角d为第三侧面103上实体部分的四边形的一个角。
2)图7是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的第二种结构示意图，如图7所示，上述第一顶角a、上述第二顶角b、上述第三顶角c及上述第四顶角d分别对应正四面体镂空结构的第一顶点A、第二顶点B、第三顶点C及第四顶点D。
第一顶角a为主三角形面100上实体部分的四边形的一个角；第三顶点C在第一侧面101上的角，为第一侧面101上实体部分的四边形的一个角；第四顶点D在第二侧面102上的角，为第二侧面102上实体部分的四边形的一个角；第二顶点B在第三侧面103上的角，为第三侧面103上实体部分的四边形的一个角。
对于上述两种划分方法，还可以采取下述方法实现：
1)正四面体镂空结构的四个面上，分别设置连接一个角、面几何中心和对边棱中点的唯一的一条直线。正四面体镂空结构的一个面朝上设置(即上述主三角形面)，体几何中心与此面的几何中心的连线竖直向上定义为地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的竖直轴(也可以称为主轴)，也是第一线矢量轴，朝上设置的面上设置的上述直线的方向，定义为地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的自北方向(也可以称为第一方向)。沿与自北方向垂直相交的棱逆时针滑动遇到的第一侧面上的角，指向对棱中点的方向为第二方向，沿与第二方向垂直相交的棱顺时针滑动遇到的第二侧面上的角，指向对棱中点的方向为第三方向，沿与第三方向垂直相交的棱逆时针滑动遇到的第三侧面上的角，指向对棱中点的方向为第四方向。上述第一方向、上述第二方向、上述第三方向、上述第四方向所经过的四个角，即分别是正四面体镂空结构的四个面上的四边形的角。
2)在上述朝上设置的面上，沿与上述自北方向垂直相交的棱顺时针滑动遇到的角，指向对棱中点的方向为第五方向，沿与第五方向垂直相交的棱逆时针滑动遇到的角，指向对棱中点的方向为第六方向，沿与第六方向垂直相交的棱顺时针滑动遇到的角，指向对棱中点的方向为第七方向。自北方向、第五方向、第六方向、第七方向所经过的四个角，即分别是正四面体镂空结构的四个面上的四边形的角。
图8是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的第一种结构的工作矢量示意图，图9是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的第二种结构的工作矢量示意图，图8和图9中的每个面上的箭头表示工作矢量，与主三角形面100垂直的中心轴设置为主轴200，主三角形面100上第一顶角a的角平分线的方向设置为自北方向。
图10是根据本发明实施例的平行矢量示意图，如图10所示，在光滑连续波场中，间距远小于波长的两个平行矢量与波场的点乘之和除以2，等于中间位置的矢量与波场的点乘。
图11是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的空间矢量关系图，如图11所示，图中的各个箭头即表示每个面上的工作矢量。图11中的圆表示地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的八个空间矢量所围成的内切圆球，其直径为：地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的正四面体镂空结构的一个面上的四边形与等腰三角形的几何中心的间距。
将多个具有图2所示方向性的检波器按图2所示空间矢量方向组合，即为图11所示空间矢量关系，可具有全向空间矢量的功能。这样的结构不但具有空间线矢量、旋矢量、散度检测功能，也具有了静电悬浮所需的空间力平衡结构基础，可以解决弹簧所带来负面影响问题。
图12是根据本发明实施例的全积分等效高斯散度结构示意图，图13是根据本发明实施例的斯托克斯积分正反旋等效结构示意图，结合图12和图13所示的矢量关系可知：
根据散度高斯定理：
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000005
可得本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的散度公式：
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000006
根据旋度斯托克斯公式：
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000007
可得本发明实施例的正旋度公式：
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000008
以及，反旋度公式：
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000009
其中，A为波场函数，l为检波器响应矢量，i为检波器的内道序号，
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000010
为采集到的第i道内部道数据，在上述全积分等效高斯散度结构上：
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000011
为第一组，i＝1-4，
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000012
为第二组，i＝5-8。div为散度，rot为旋度，V为体积，dv为体积微分，S为面积，dS为面积微分，m为正m面体的个数；ni为第i面法线上的检波器响应矢量。根据三角和差化积公式，在本特定结构上，
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000013
为实现静电悬浮，地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的正四面体镂空结构设置为金属材质，例如，正四面体镂空结构可以由具备一定厚度(假设厚度为h)的导电板制作而 成，导电板的材料可以选择金属钽，依照图5中所示的形状去掉镂空部分后，为保证正四面体镂空结构整体不分散，可选择保留窄边。
然后，内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座设置为绝缘材质，在内层镂空基座的每个面的外表面镀上一层金属层；其中，金属层的尺寸小于内层镂空基座的四边形及等腰三角形尺寸，如图4中右侧所示，内层镂空基座的四边形上的金属层与等腰三角形上的金属层互不接触。在外层镂空基座的每个面的内表面镀上一层金属层；其中，金属层的尺寸小于外层镂空基座的四边形及等腰三角形尺寸，如图4中右侧所示，外层镂空基座的四边形上的金属层与等腰三角形上的金属层互不接触。
为了防止正四面体镂空结构、内层镂空基座及外层镂空基座之间串电，影响静电悬浮的顺利实现，同时为了保证地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的使用过程中的安全性，以及数据测量过程中的准确性，本实施例提供了一种优选实施方式，即正四面体镂空结构的表面，以及内层镂空基座、外层镂空基座上的金属层的表面，均氧化形成一层绝缘膜，例如，可以氧化形成厚度为h1的(五氧化二钽)绝缘膜。
为保证平衡状态时外层镂空基座、内层镂空基座分别与正四面体镂空结构的间距相等(假设间距为d)，则外层镂空基座和内层镂空基座的间距应设置为2d+h+2h1。
如果正四面体镂空结构的材料选定，ρ是密度、g地球重力加速度、ε是介电常数，令Tc＝ρg/ε，h1取0.05h，一般氧化介质εt远大于空气介电系数ε0，取h1大于d的1/ε，h1和εt就可忽略不计，Tc是密度重力比介电常数，为公式简短而引入。起浮电压为：U2＝hρgd2/(2ε0)＝0.5Tchd2；正四面体镂空结构的棱长L含在面积里被削掉了，与公式无关，实际应用设计中要结合动极板厚度h、电极工作间隙d的数值，根据工艺水平和性能要求而定，此处不做具体规定。
在地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的设计过程中，器件精度要求、制作工艺、击穿电压、边缘圆化以解决电荷、杂散电容电感等，都是必须考虑的问题。击穿电压尤其是个重要问题，因此U可以设定的最大值要小于绝缘膜厚度h1能承受的电压，h1要大于正四面体镂空结构与外层镂空基座、内层镂空基座的间隙d的1/ε。
为了实现静电悬浮，地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器需接入电路，具体地：外层镂空基座与内层镂空基座上相对于正四面体镂空结构对称的面上的四边形基板上的金属层之间连接第一电路；外层镂空基座与内层镂空基座上相对于正四面体镂空结构对称的面上的等腰三角形基板上的金属层之间连接第二电路。第一电路与第二电路的电路结构相同，只是连接在地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器上的位置不同。与正四面体镂空结构不同 的是，在外层镂空基座、内层镂空基座镀上的16块金属层之间截断以保证电绝缘，各个面之间的电路连线和固定支架由地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的镂空部分连接和引出。
图14是根据本发明实施例的电路示意图，如图14所示，内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座的相对面的金属层构成正负电压施加极板，电气连接于图14所示电路的电容电桥和功放输出连接点。电容电桥与变压器间施加高频(视器件尺寸而定，10kHz-1MHz间可选)的正弦电容检测交流电压。当内外极板(即内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座的相对面的金属层)与对应的动极板(即正四面体镂空结构的每个面)之间的距离不相等时，电容电桥失去平衡，相敏解调电容检测电路输出控制信号，通过控制电路驱动功放，向内外极板施加反驱动电压，生成反外力电场力，使动极板回归中间位置，以实现静电力与外力的平衡。这时外力与静电力间的关系由公式：U2＝0.5hρd2(g+a)/ε决定。该公式中电压U、重力加速度g和加速度a都是矢量，h和d分别是正四面体镂空结构的金属悬浮极板厚度和上下极板间隙，ρ是悬浮极板金属材料密度。
由输出电路将内外极板所施电压输出作为测量结果。每一套电路对应一套三文治结构(即每一相对应的内外极板)，四边形和等腰三角形均各连接一套电路。整个器件需8个电路同时工作。输出构成8个空间矢量，其矢量、旋量与外力完全相反，达到静电悬浮的效果，并形成空间全向矢量及旋散度测量功能。内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座为绝缘材质制作的连体结构，各金属极板间电气绝缘。内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座预留由镂空部分向外支出的引导突出结构，该引导突出结构上设置分别与每块极板电气连接的引出电路。地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的八对极板(分为四边形的极板和等腰三角形的极板)共对应8个电路，十六个引出电极。
这样，静电悬浮公式：U2＝0.5hρd2(g+a)/ε，就成为空间力平衡矢量公式。其中U2是输出矢量集合；(g+a)是输入矢量集合；0.5hρd2/ε就是响应函数，既是灵敏度、也是保真度。器件制作完成，h、ρ、d、ε就是常数，说明保真度极佳；静电悬浮条件又保证
Figure PCTCN2016099826-appb-000014
灵敏度也远大于弹簧支撑结构。
图15是根据本发明实施例的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器实测输出示意图，如图15所示，四个上述第一电路的输出结果，对应于图15中所示的第一组旋量，四个上述第二电路的输出结果，对应于图15中所示的第二组旋量。第一组旋量与第二组旋量的和为0，第一组旋量与第二组旋量的差为双旋量。地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的矢量方向由1旋向2右手法则确定，总旋矢量方向可经矢量运算求出。振动线矢量可以由冗余 矢量计算求出。等同于传统三分量检波器计算出的振动线矢量。应用旋度求解横波振动线矢量的方法，可以求出纯横波线矢量，从总振动线矢量中减去纯横波线矢量，可得纯纵波振动线矢量。
前面已经对地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的具体结构进行了详细描述，在实际使用过程中，为了方便放置，外层镂空基座的主三角形面的正下方顶点可以连接一锥点竖直朝下的圆椎形尾椎，从而便于在地面固定。地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器还可以设置球形壳体，分为上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体，外层镂空基座、正四面体镂空结构、内层镂空基座放置在上述球形壳体的内部，下半球形壳体的底部设置尾椎孔，尾椎穿过下半球形壳体的尾椎孔。从而可以插接在地面，稳固地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器。
考虑到上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体的固定问题，本实施例提供了一种优选实施方式，即：上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体的边缘分别设置相互配合的突出部，上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体的突出部通过固定组件固定。例如，通过螺丝和螺丝孔的方式固定。从而保证地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器在实际操作过程中的稳定性。
对于地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的电路的信号输出线，可以在球形壳体上设置信号线孔，使电路(即上述第一电路和第二电路)的信号输出线穿过该信号线孔，从而便于信号输出线输出到壳体外面，有效获取数据。
为了避免地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器进水影响使用，可以在球形壳体的上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体之间的接合缝隙、尾椎孔和信号线孔，均密封防水，例如，可以选择硅胶或橡胶材料进行密封，从而提高地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的密封性。
对于地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的正四面体形状，每个面可以是平面，也可以是任意曲面，本发明不做限定。
地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的制作方法如下：
以三维打印方法，将钽粉、瓷泥粉、耐酸金属粉、不耐酸材料粉，按各项精确参数设计的计算机立体图件打印胚胎，经高温成型后，使用与鉭作用可生成五氧化二钽的酸液将不耐酸材料腐蚀镂空成型，形成绝缘层。地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器是否设置为真空视成本和需求决定。地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器中的电路可另件封装。
基于本发明提供的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，可以至少实现如下效果：
1、地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的电子技术水平远超出地震需求，深度负反馈时动质量块的影响减到很小，且静电力是直流极低频，带宽有可能达到0至数百，甚至数千 Hz。频率曲线在较宽频带上是平直的，灵敏度和保真度都将大大高于电磁型和现有MEMS型单元制作的全向矢量检波器。
2、地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器在稳态时的输出就是重力，可用于重力勘探、倾角计算等。
3、地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器的电路原理为高频小电容测量，强负反馈静电力控制上下极板间等距离，正四面体的空间静电力负反馈来实现静电平衡。
地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器可以适用于以下方面：陆上人工地震勘探、天然地震探测、引力探测、运动姿态测量等。基于本发明提供的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，可以检测到地震波的旋度，并可求出波场的振动方向及真振幅，分解出纯净的纵横波，从而能够获得以往从未有过的丰富的地震波信息，为地球科学的探索研究奠定了全新的数据基础。
应用地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器进行地震波检测，是一种全新理念的地震波检测方法，可发展出全新理念的地震采集、处理、解释方法，形成全新的地震勘探技术系列。不仅仅是提高信噪比、灵敏度、保真度的新技术。对该技术进一步的研究和应用，将会有更多技术特点的发现，是一个全新的发明、发现、发展的技术领域。应用地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器测得的各项指标可大幅度提高，可应用于更高精尖领域，例如：超低频宽带高灵敏度设计可延伸至引力波动的旋散性质探测、微加速度微旋度测量、运动姿态控制等领域。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，包括：正四面体镂空结构，以及，在所述正四面体镂空结构的内外与其等距设置，且与其结构相同但尺寸不同的内层镂空基座和外层镂空基座；
    所述正四面体镂空结构的每个面具有实体部分及镂空部分，所述实体部分为在每个面的两个角的角平分线划分出的四边形及与其通过面中心点对接的等腰三角形，所述镂空部分为所述两个角的角平分线划分的通过面中心点对接的两个三角形；
    所述内层镂空基座的每个面的外表面镀上一层金属层；其中，所述金属层的尺寸小于所述内层镂空基座的四边形及等腰三角形尺寸，并且所述内层镂空基座的四边形上的金属层与等腰三角形上的金属层互不接触；
    所述外层镂空基座的每个面的内表面镀上一层金属层；其中，所述金属层的尺寸小于所述外层镂空基座的四边形及等腰三角形尺寸，并且所述外层镂空基座的四边形上的金属层与等腰三角形上的金属层互不接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，所述正四面体镂空结构包含主三角形面；
    所述主三角形面其中一个角定义为所述正四面体镂空结构的第一顶角，所述第一顶角为所述主三角形面的实体部分的四边形的一个角；
    所述第一顶角对应的底边所在的另一面定义为所述正四面体镂空结构的第一侧面，所述第一顶角对应的底边的中点在所述主三角形面逆时针方向滑动，遇到的所述第一侧面上的角定义为第二顶角，所述第二顶角为所述第一侧面的实体部分的四边形的一个角；
    所述第二顶角对应的底边所在的另一面定义为所述正四面体镂空结构的第二侧面，所述第二顶角对应的底边的中点在所述第一侧面顺时针方向滑动，遇到的所述第二侧面上的角定义为第三顶角，所述第三顶角为所述第二侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；
    所述第三顶角对应的底边所在的另一面定义为所述正四面体镂空结构的第三侧面，所述第三顶角对应的底边的中点在所述第二侧面逆时针方向滑动，遇到的所述第三侧面上的角定义为第四顶角，所述第四顶角为所述第三侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；
    或者，
    所述第一顶角、所述第二顶角、所述第三顶角及所述第四顶角分别对应所述正四面体镂空结构的第一顶点、第二顶点、第三顶点及第四顶点；
    所述第一顶角为所述主三角形面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；所述第三顶点在所述第一侧面上的角，为所述第一侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；所述第四顶点在所述第二侧面上的角，为所述第二侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角；所述第二顶点在所述第三侧面上的角，为所述第三侧面上实体部分的四边形的一个角。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，
    所述正四面体镂空结构为金属材质；
    所述内层镂空基座和所述外层镂空基座为绝缘材质；所述外层镂空基座与所述内层镂空基座上相对称的面上的四边形上的金属层之间连接第一电路；所述外层镂空基座与所述内层镂空基座上相对称的面上的等腰三角形上的金属层之间连接第二电路。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，
    所述正四面体镂空结构的表面，以及所述内层镂空基座、所述外层镂空基座上的金属层的表面，均氧化形成一层绝缘膜。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，所述外层镂空基座的主三角形面的正下方顶点连接一锥点竖直朝下的圆椎形尾椎。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，所述地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器还包括：球形壳体，分为上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体，所述外层镂空基座、所述正四面体镂空结构、所述内层镂空基座放置在所述球形壳体内部，所述下半球形壳体的底部设置尾椎孔，所述尾椎穿过所述下半球形壳体的尾椎孔。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，所述上半球形壳体和所述下半球形壳体的边缘分别设置有相互配合的突出部，所述上半球形壳体和所述下半球形壳体的突出部通过固定组件固定。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，所述球形壳体上设置信号线孔，所述第一电路和所述第二电路的信号输出线穿过所述信号线孔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，所述球形壳体的上半球形壳体和下半球形壳体之间的接合缝隙、所述尾椎孔和所述信号线孔，均以硅胶或橡胶材料密封防水。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的地震全向矢量静电悬浮检波器，其中，所述外层镂空基座、所述正四面体镂空结构、所述内层镂空基座的每个面为任意曲面或平面。
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