WO2017071080A1 - 立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置及方法 - Google Patents

立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017071080A1
WO2017071080A1 PCT/CN2015/099477 CN2015099477W WO2017071080A1 WO 2017071080 A1 WO2017071080 A1 WO 2017071080A1 CN 2015099477 W CN2015099477 W CN 2015099477W WO 2017071080 A1 WO2017071080 A1 WO 2017071080A1
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Prior art keywords
miner
hydraulic cylinder
cage
retractor
speed
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PCT/CN2015/099477
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
夏士雄
王重秋
朱真才
牛强
王志晓
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中国矿业大学
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Publication of WO2017071080A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017071080A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B17/00—Hoistway equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety protection device and a method for a miner accident accident miner, in particular to a mine tanker miner safety protection device and method suitable for a mine shaft hoist.
  • Coal is the leading energy source in China
  • vertical shaft upgrading is the dominant form of coal production in China.
  • the vertical shaft hoist is responsible for the promotion of coal gangue, decentralized materials, lifting personnel and equipment, and is the connecting hub of coal mine underground and the ground.
  • the tank stabilization tank device is mainly used to reduce the deceleration of the tank bottoming process, so as to reduce the fall impact of the cage, and lack direct protection of the miners in the cage. Since the cage is a heavy-duty equipment, its canning process, especially when the vertical shaft hoist does not decelerate in the deceleration section, causes the high-speed cans to be decelerated. At low speeds, it is easy for miners to collide with the metal side walls of the cage or fall, causing miners to fall or fall.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a safety protection device for a vertical shaft hoist accident of a shaft hoist accident with simple structure and reliability and convenience.
  • the vertical well hoisting tank accident accident miner safety protection device of the invention comprises a top plate, a hydraulic cylinder, an electromagnetic proportional relief valve, a retractor, a safety rope, a safety belt, a displacement sensor, a speed sensor and a signal processor.
  • the top plate is disposed above the inner wall of the cage
  • the hydraulic cylinder is disposed under the top plate
  • the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the electromagnetic proportional relief valve
  • the buffer belt of the retractor is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder
  • the lower part is connected to one end of the safety rope, and the other end of the safety rope is connected to the safety belt worn by the miner.
  • the displacement sensor, the speed sensor and the signal processor are sequentially installed at the bottom of the top plate, the displacement sensor, the speed sensor and the electromagnetic ratio
  • the relief valves are each connected to a signal processor.
  • the hydraulic cylinder, the electromagnetic proportional relief valve and the retractor are installed together, and the number and the position installed under the top plate are determined according to the number of miners in the cage and the standing position.
  • the retractor is a weighted pendulum retractor comprising a buffer belt, a reel, a planar scroll spring, a weighted pendulum, a swing rod, a pawl, a hinge point, a support base and a coil spring, the reel and
  • the planar scroll spring is coaxially mounted, the planar scroll spring is mounted on both sides of the reel, the buffer belt is wound on the reel, the ratchet wheel is provided on both ends of the reel, and the support seat is arranged on the side of the reel in the vertical direction, and the support base is arranged
  • the pendulum bar can be hinged as a pivot point to swing up and down in the vertical direction, the pendulum rod is provided with a pawl near the end of the reel, and the other end of the pendulum bar is provided with a weight pendulum, which adds weight to the pendulum and the support base.
  • Bottom connection There are coil springs.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is a single-acting cylinder, and the electromagnetic proportional relief valve connected to the hydraulic cylinder is an internal control internal relief relief valve.
  • the safety belt includes a shoulder strap and a leg strap, and a belt for a miner is connected between the shoulder strap and the leg strap, and the back of the shoulder strap is connected with the safety rope via a telescopic buckle.
  • the safety protection method for the vertical shaft hoist accident of the above-mentioned device includes the following steps:
  • the hydraulic cylinder is hingedly mounted under the top plate, the electromagnetic proportional relief valve is connected to the hydraulic cylinder, the buffer belt of the retractor is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the displacement sensor, the speed sensor and the signal
  • the processor is mounted under the top plate, and the displacement sensor, the speed sensor and the electromagnetic proportional relief valve are connected to the signal processor;
  • the safety rope on the back of the miner is connected to the lower end of the retractor, and then stands under the axis of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder, and the flat scroll spring in the retractor Under the action of the retracting force, the buffer belt, the safety rope and the seat belt are tightened;
  • the signal processor collects the height H and the running speed V of the cage in the hoistway by the displacement sensor and the speed sensor respectively;
  • the tank speed V' is within the range of the crawling speed of the final stage of the cage deceleration, it is determined that the tank is in a low speed tank accident, and the tank cage descends along the tank rope at a low speed, and finally stops under the action of the shaft hoist itself.
  • the weighted pendulum of the retractor swings downward due to inertia and compresses the coil spring, and simultaneously drives the swing lever to swing downward along the hinge point, and the pawl at the other end of the swing lever swings upward, and the pawl card
  • the ratchet of the reel is used to lock the retractor, and the buffer belt cannot continue to be withdrawn from the retractor.
  • the tank speed V' exceeds the crawling speed range of the final stage of the cage deceleration, it is judged to be a high-speed tank accident, and the cage will slide down along the tank rope at a high speed, and finally stop at a limited buffer distance at the bottom of the shaft hoistway.
  • the brake deceleration of the cage is large, and the signal processor calculates the brake oil pressure P that the hydraulic cylinder needs to provide according to the maximum deceleration a of the safety buffer of the miner according to the tank speed V' of the cage at this time, that is, the electromagnetic proportional overflow Overflow hydraulic pressure of the flow valve:
  • m is the default weight of the miner
  • s is the hydraulic pressure area of the cylinder with the rod cavity.
  • the signal processor automatically adjusts the overflow oil pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve.
  • the weighted pendulum of the retractor swings downward due to inertia and compresses the coil spring, and simultaneously drives the swing rod to swing downward along the hinge point, and the other end of the swing rod.
  • the pawl swings upward, the pawl catches the ratchet of the reel, the retractor is locked, the buffer belt cannot continue to be withdrawn from the retractor, and the miner under high speed is safely connected to the seat belt under the action of the seat belt.
  • the rope and the buffer belt pull the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic pressure of the cylinder chamber exceeds the overflow pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve, and the back pressure is started to drain, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is slowly pulled under the premise of providing the braking force.
  • the hydraulic cylinder piston rod pulls the miners along the buffer belt, the safety rope and the safety belt, which has both the braking force and the buffer for the miners.
  • the distance is effectively reduced to reduce the impact load on the miners caused by the rapid stop of the tank cage, and the impact load is distributed to the miners' shoulders and ankles, thereby reducing the impact on the miners' chest and abdomen organs and the vulnerable parts such as the spine. Thereby effectively protecting the life safety of miners.
  • the invention adopts a direct protection method to avoid damage to the life safety of the miners caused by the tank accident, and uses the pendulum type retractor to lock the buffer belt when the crucible tank occurs, and relies on the safety rope and the safety belt to make the miner at low speed.
  • the tank maintains a relatively stable standing posture, and the electro-hydraulic proportional relief valve is used to control the hydraulic cylinder to have a rod chamber for back pressure drainage to provide the buffering force of the miner in the high-speed crucible process, and the impact load is dispersed to the miner's shoulder.
  • the crotch can effectively prevent the miners from being hurt in the event of a canister accident.
  • the device has the advantages of simple structure, reliability and convenience, and has wide practicality in the technical field, and the economic benefit is obvious.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the structural composition of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side view showing the structure of the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the working principle of the pendulum type retractor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the principle of the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention.
  • the invention is based on a hydraulic buffering vertical shaft hoisting tank accident miner safety protection device, mainly comprising a top plate 4, a hydraulic cylinder 9, an electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15, a retractor 8, a safety rope 7, a safety belt 6, a displacement sensor 12, The speed sensor 13 and the signal processor 14 are formed.
  • the top plate 4 is disposed above the inner wall of the cage 2, the hydraulic cylinder 9 is disposed below the top plate 4, and the hydraulic cylinder 9 is connected with an electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15 for buffering the retractor 8.
  • the belt 8-1 is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 9, the lower portion of the retractor 8 is connected with a safety rope 7, and the other end of the safety rope 7 is connected to the safety belt 6 worn by the miner 5, the displacement sensor 12,
  • the speed sensor 13 and the signal processor 14 are mounted below the top plate 4, and the displacement sensor 12, the speed sensor 13, and the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15 are connected to the signal processor 14.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 9, the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15 and the retractor 8 are installed in a complete set, and the number and installation position are flexibly arranged under the top plate 4 according to the number of miners 5 in the cage 2 and the standing position.
  • the retractor 8 adopts a pendulum type retractor, and the reel 8-2 uses a flat scroll spring 8-3 to provide a retracting force, and the buffer belt 8-1 is retracted in the hydraulic cylinder 9 piston rod when not pulled by the miner 5
  • the lower part is freely expandable and contractible when pulled by the miner 5; the weighted pendulum 8-4 is arranged in the vertical direction, and when the retractor 8 is suddenly decelerated in the vertical direction, the weighted pendulum 8-4 swings downward due to inertia, and
  • the swing rod 8-5 and the pawl 8-6 are swung, and the pawl 8-6 catches the ratchet of the reel 8-2.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 9 is a single-acting cylinder, and the rod chamber outlet of the hydraulic cylinder 9 is connected to the oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15, initially The piston rod is in a contracted state, and the rod chamber is filled with hydraulic oil.
  • the signal processor 14 adjusts the overflow pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15 to adjust the hydraulic pressure of the cylinder 9 with the rod chamber.
  • the seat belt 6 is a full-body safety belt that is integrated with a belt that is necessary for the miner's 5 well, and a safety rope 7 is attached to the back of the seat belt 6.
  • the top plate 4 is fixed above the inner wall of the cage 2, the hydraulic cylinder 9 is hingedly mounted below the top plate 4, the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 9, and the buffer belt 8-1 of the retractor 8 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 9.
  • the displacement sensor 12, the speed sensor 13 and the signal processor 14 are mounted below the top plate 4, and the displacement sensor 12, the speed sensor 13 and the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15 are connected to the signal processor 14
  • the signal processor 14 through the displacement sensor 12 and the speed sensor 13 respectively collect the height H of the cage 2 in the hoistway and the running speed V;
  • m is the preset weight of the miner 5
  • s is the hydraulic pressure acting area of the hydraulic cylinder 9 having the rod cavity
  • the signal processor 14 sets the overflow hydraulic pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15, at which time the retractor 8 is The inertia of the pendulum 8-4 is increased and locked, and the hydraulic cylinder 9, the buffer belt 8-1, the retractor 8, the safety rope 7, the seat belt 6, and the miner 5 are presented by the lock of the retractor 8.
  • the buffer belt 8-1 pulls the hydraulic cylinder 9 piston rod
  • the hydraulic cylinder 9 has the rod chamber pressure exceeding the overflow pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 15 to start the back pressure drain, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 9 starts to descend.
  • the miner 5 under the braking force provided by the hydraulic cylinder 9, relies on the worn seat belt 6, and can be gradually decelerated to a stop within the safe cushion deceleration a, thereby effectively reducing the cage 2 speed.
  • the tank-induced rapid stoppage produces the impact on the miner 5, and distributes the impact load to the shoulders and ankles of the miner 5, reducing the impact on the miners' 5 chest and abdomen organs and the vulnerable parts of the spine, effectively protecting the miners 5 life safety.

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Abstract

一种立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置及方法，装置包括顶板（4）、液压缸（9）、电磁比例溢流阀（15）、卷收器（8）、安全绳（7）、安全带（6）、位移传感器（12）、速度传感器（13）和信号处理器（14），顶板（4）设置在罐笼（2）内壁上方，液压缸（9）设置在顶板（4）下方，液压缸（9）连接有电磁比例溢流阀（15），卷收器（8）的缓冲带（8-1）连接到液压缸（9）活塞杆上，卷收器（8）下部连接有安全绳（7），安全绳（7）另一端连接到矿工（5）穿戴的安全带（6）上。该装置直接保护矿工，在蹲罐时锁止缓冲带，使矿工在低速蹲罐时保持相对稳定的站立姿态，在高速蹲罐过程中提供缓冲力，避免矿工受到伤害。

Description

立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置及方法，尤其是一种适用于煤矿立井提升机的蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置及方法。
背景技术
煤炭是我国的主导能源，而立井提升是我国煤矿生产的主导形式。立井提升机担负提升煤炭矸石、下放材料、升降人员和设备的重要任务，是煤矿井下与地面的连接枢纽。作为一种在深井中运行的集机电液于一体的大型重载高速提升设备，严苛的承载需求、时变的运行环境、复杂的地质条件等不利因素导致提升机各构件易于发生故障，致使蹲罐、过卷等恶性事故时有发生，严重时会导致断绳坠罐重大恶性事故，对罐笼中矿工的生命安全构成重大威胁。
针对罐笼蹲罐事故的防护，目前主要采用承罐稳罐装置来降低罐笼蹲底过程的减速度，以减弱罐笼的坠落冲击，而缺乏对罐笼中矿工的直接保护。由于罐笼属于重型设备，其蹲罐过程，特别是立井提升机在减速段没有减速导致高速蹲罐时，其蹲罐减速度仍然较大。在低速蹲罐时，易于造成矿工碰撞到罐笼的金属侧壁或摔倒，导致矿工碰伤或摔伤。在高速蹲罐时，会使矿工胸腹腔脏器、脊椎等脆弱部位以及腿部承受极大的坠落冲击，导致矿工重伤甚至危及生命。而目前针对罐笼中矿工的直接保护装置的研究较少。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足之处，提供一种结构简单，兼具可靠性和便捷性的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置。
技术方案：本发明的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置，包括顶板、液压缸、电磁比例溢流阀、卷收器、安全绳、安全带、位移传感器、速度传感器和信号处理器，所述的顶板设置在罐笼内壁上方，所述的液压缸设置在顶板下方，液压缸与电磁比例溢流阀相连接，所述卷收器的缓冲带连接到液压缸的活塞杆上，卷收器下部与安全绳的一端相连接，安全绳的另一端连接到矿工穿戴的安全带上，所述的位移传感器、速度传感器和信号处理器依次安装在顶板的底部，位移传感器、速度传感器和电磁比例溢流阀分别与信号处理器相连。
所述的液压缸、电磁比例溢流阀和卷收器配套安装，其数量和安装在顶板下方的位置依据罐笼中矿工的数量和站立的位置确定。
所述的卷收器为加重摆锤式卷收器，它包括缓冲带、卷轴、平面涡卷弹簧、加重摆锤、摆杆、棘爪、铰点、支撑座和螺旋弹簧，所述卷轴和平面涡卷弹簧同轴安装，平面涡卷弹簧安装在卷轴两侧面，缓冲带缠绕在卷轴上，卷轴的两端面设有棘轮，在卷轴的侧面沿竖直方向设有支撑座，支撑座上设有经铰点安装的摆杆，摆杆可以铰点为旋转支点沿竖直方向上下摆动，摆杆靠近卷轴一端设有棘爪，摆杆另一端设有加重摆锤，加重摆锤与支撑座底部连接 有螺旋弹簧。
所述的液压缸为单作用缸，与液压缸相连的电磁比例溢流阀为内控内泄式溢流阀。
所述的安全带包括肩带和腿带，肩带和腿带之间连接有矿工用的腰带，肩带的背部经伸缩卡扣与安全绳相连接。
上述装置的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护方法，包括如下步骤：
a、将顶板固定在罐笼内壁上方，液压缸铰接安装在顶板下方，电磁比例溢流阀连接到液压缸，卷收器的缓冲带连接到液压缸的活塞杆上，位移传感器、速度传感器和信号处理器安装在顶板下方，位移传感器、速度传感器和电磁比例溢流阀与信号处理器相连接；
b、矿工穿戴上安全带，进入罐笼内后，将矿工背部的安全绳连接到卷收器下部尾端，随后按相应的液压缸中轴线正下方站立，在卷收器的平面涡卷弹簧的卷收力作用下，缓冲带、安全绳、安全带被收紧；
c、罐笼在上升或下放的运行过程中,信号处理器通过位移传感器和速度传感器分别实时采集罐笼位于井道中的高度H和运行速度V；
d、当罐笼下放的高度H低于设定的停车点的位置时，判定发生蹲罐事故，这时信号处理器记录罐笼此时的蹲罐速度V′；
若蹲罐速度V′在罐笼减速末段爬行速度范围内时，判定为低速蹲罐事故，罐笼沿罐道绳低速下滑，最终在立井提升机自身承罐稳罐装置的作用下制停，这时罐笼的制动减速度小，卷收器的加重摆锤由于惯性向下摆动并压缩螺旋弹簧，同时带动摆杆沿铰点向下摆动，摆杆另一端的棘爪向上摆动，棘爪卡住卷轴的棘轮，使卷收器处于锁止状态，缓冲带不能继续从卷收器抽出，低速下冲的矿工在安全带的作用下，安全绳、缓冲带拉动液压缸活塞杆，这时由于液压缸有杆腔油压达不到电磁比例溢流阀的溢流压力，因而液压缸活塞杆不会被拉出，从而可保证矿工保持稳定的站立姿态，有效防止低速蹲罐造成矿工的碰伤和摔伤；
若蹲罐速度V′超出罐笼减速末段爬行速度范围内时，判定为高速蹲罐事故，罐笼沿罐道绳高速下滑，最终在立井提升机井道底部有限的缓冲距离内急速制停，这时罐笼的制动减速度大，信号处理器依据此时罐笼的蹲罐速度V′，参考矿工的安全缓冲最大减速度a，计算得出液压缸需要提供的制动油压P，即电磁比例溢流阀的溢流油压：
P＝m×a/s
其中，m为矿工的预设体重，s为液压缸有杆腔的油压作用面积，
信号处理器自动调定电磁比例溢流阀的溢流油压，卷收器的加重摆锤由于惯性向下摆动并压缩螺旋弹簧，同时带动摆杆沿铰点向下摆动，摆杆另一端的棘爪向上摆动，棘爪卡住卷轴的棘轮，使卷收器处于锁止状态，缓冲带不能继续从卷收器抽出，高速下冲的矿工在安全带的作用下，与安全带相连的安全绳、缓冲带拉动液压缸活塞杆，此时液压缸有杆腔油压超过电磁比例溢流阀的溢流压力，开始背压泄油，液压缸活塞杆在提供制动力的前提下缓速拉出，使液压缸活塞杆沿缓冲带、安全绳、安全带拉拽矿工，既有对矿工的制动力，又有缓冲 距离，从而有效降低罐笼高速蹲罐诱发的急速制停对矿工产生的冲击载荷，并将冲击载荷分散至矿工的肩部、裆部，减少对矿工胸腹腔脏器以及脊椎等脆弱部位的冲击，从而有效保护矿工的生命安全。
有益效果：本发明采用直接保护的方式来避免蹲罐事故对矿工生命安全造成伤害，利用摆锤式卷收器在蹲罐发生时锁止缓冲带，依靠安全绳和安全带使矿工在低速蹲罐时保持相对稳定的站立姿态，利用电液比例溢流阀控制液压缸有杆腔进行背压泄油来提供矿工在高速蹲罐过程中的缓冲力，将冲击载荷分散至矿工的肩部、裆部，从而能够有效避免矿工在蹲罐事故发生时受到伤害。该装置结构简单，兼具可靠性和便捷性，在本技术领域内具有广泛的实用性，经济效益明显。
附图说明
图1是本发明的装置结构组成轴测图；
图2是本发明的装置结构组成侧视图；
图3是本发明的摆锤式卷收器工作原理示意图；
图4是本发明的液压缸缓冲原理示意图。
图中：1-主提升绳，2-罐笼，3-罐道绳，4-顶板，5-矿工，6-安全带，6-1-肩带，6-2-腿带，6-3-腰带，6-4-伸缩卡扣，7-安全绳，8-卷收器，8-1-缓冲带，8-2-卷轴，8-3-平面涡卷弹簧，8-4-加重摆锤，8-5-摆杆，8-6-棘爪，8-7-铰点，8-8-支撑座，9-液压缸，10-制动钳，11-安全绳，12-位移传感器，13-速度传感器，14-信号处理器，15-电磁比例溢流阀。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述：
本发明基于液压缓冲的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置，主要由顶板4、液压缸9、电磁比例溢流阀15、卷收器8、安全绳7、安全带6、位移传感器12、速度传感器13和信号处理器14构成，所述顶板4设置在罐笼2内壁上方，所述液压缸9设置在顶板4下方，液压缸9连接有电磁比例溢流阀15，卷收器8的缓冲带8-1连接到液压缸9的活塞杆上，所述卷收器8下部连接有安全绳7，安全绳7的另一端连接到矿工5穿戴的安全带6上，所述位移传感器12、速度传感器13和信号处理器14安装在顶板4下方，位移传感器12、速度传感器13和电磁比例溢流阀15连接到信号处理器14。
所述的液压缸9、电磁比例溢流阀15和卷收器8成套安装，其数量和安装位置依据罐笼2中矿工5的数量和站立位置在顶板4下方灵活布置。卷收器8采用摆锤式卷收器，其卷轴8-2采用平面涡卷弹簧8-3提供卷收力，缓冲带8-1在未受矿工5拉动时卷收在液压缸9活塞杆下部，在受矿工5拉动时可以自由伸缩；其加重摆锤8-4沿竖直方向布置，当卷收器8竖直方向突然减速时，加重摆锤8-4由于惯性向下摆动，并带动摆杆8-5和棘爪8-6摆动，棘爪8-6卡住卷轴8-2的棘轮，此时卷收器8处于锁止状态，缓冲带8-1不能沿竖直方向拉动。液压缸9为单作用缸，液压缸9的有杆腔出油口连接电磁比例溢流阀15的进油口，初始 情况活塞杆处于收缩状态，其有杆腔注满液压油，当活塞杆受拉时，信号处理器14调节电磁比例溢流阀15的溢流压力，调整液压缸9有杆腔的油压，从而使活塞杆能够提供矿工5沿竖直方向下冲时的缓冲拉力。安全带6采用全身式安全带，融合安装在矿工5下井必备的腰带上，安全带6的背部安装有安全绳7。
使用上述装置的基于液压缓冲的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护方法，具体步骤如下：
a、将顶板4固定在罐笼2内壁上方，液压缸9铰接安装在顶板4下方，电磁比例溢流阀15连接到液压缸9，卷收器8的缓冲带8-1连接到液压缸9的活塞杆上，位移传感器12、速度传感器13和信号处理器14安装在顶板4下方，位移传感器12、速度传感器13和电磁比例溢流阀15连接到信号处理器14
b、矿工5进入罐笼2后，将已穿戴的安全带6的背部安全绳7连接到卷收器8下部，随后站立到相应的液压缸9的正下方，在卷收器8卷收力的作用下，液压缸9、缓冲带8-1、卷收器8、安全绳7、安全带6和矿工5之间会有一定的预紧；
c、信号处理器14通过位移传感器12和速度传感器13分别采集罐笼2在井道中的高度H和运行速度V；
d、罐笼2下放时，当罐笼2的高度H低于设定的停车点时，可以判定发生蹲罐事故，此时信号处理器14记录此时的罐笼2下降速度V；
e、发生蹲罐时，当罐笼2下降速度V在罐笼正常下放的爬行速度范围内时，可以判定为低速蹲罐事故，罐笼2沿罐道绳3低速下滑，最终在立井提升机自身承罐稳罐装置的作用下制停，这时罐笼2的制动减速度较低，卷收器8因加重摆锤8-4的惯性而锁止，液压缸9有杆腔油压达不到电磁比例溢流阀15的溢流压力，此时液压缸9、缓冲带8-1、卷收器8、安全绳7、安全带6和矿工5之间由于卷收器8的锁止而呈现锁止状态，安全绳7拉拽安全带6使矿工5保持相对稳定的站立姿态，有效防止低速蹲罐造成矿工的碰伤和摔伤；
f、发生蹲罐时，当罐笼2下降速度V超出罐笼正常下放的爬行速度范围时，可以判定为高速蹲罐事故，此时罐笼2沿罐道绳3高速下滑，最终在立井提升机井道底部有限的缓冲距离内急速制停，罐笼2的制动减速度高，信号处理器14依据此时罐笼2的下降速度V，参考矿工5能够承受的安全范围内的缓冲减速度a，计算得出液压缸9需要提供的制动油压P(即电磁比例溢流阀的溢流油压)
P＝m×a/s
其中，m为矿工5的预设体重，s为液压缸9有杆腔的油压作用面积，信号处理器14调定电磁比例溢流阀15的溢流油压，这时卷收器8因加重摆锤8-4的惯性而锁止，液压缸9、缓冲带8-1、卷收器8、安全绳7、安全带6和矿工5之间会因卷收器8的锁止而呈现锁止状态，缓冲带8-1拉拽液压缸9活塞杆，液压缸9有杆腔压力超过电磁比例溢流阀15的溢流压力开始背压泄油，液压缸9的活塞杆开始下降，此时矿工5在液压缸9提供的制动力下，依托穿戴的安全带6，可以在安全的缓冲减速度a内逐步减速至停止，从而有效降低罐笼2高速蹲 罐诱发的急速制停产生的对矿工5的冲击，并将冲击载荷分散至矿工5的肩部、裆部，减少对矿工5胸腹腔脏器以及脊椎等脆弱部位的冲击，有效保护矿工5的生命安全。

Claims (6)

  1. 立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置，其特征在于：它包括顶板(4)、液压缸(9)、电磁比例溢流阀(15)、卷收器(8)、安全绳(7)、安全带(6)、位移传感器(12)、速度传感器(13)和信号处理器(14)，所述的顶板(4)设置在罐笼(2)内壁上方，所述的液压缸(9)设置在顶板(4)下方，液压缸(9)与电磁比例溢流阀(15)相连接，所述卷收器(8)的缓冲带(8-1)连接到液压缸(9)的活塞杆上，卷收器(8)下部与安全绳(7)的一端相连接，安全绳(7)的另一端连接到矿工(5)穿戴的安全带(6)上，所述的位移传感器(12)、速度传感器(13)和信号处理器(14)依次安装在顶板(4)的底部，位移传感器(12)、速度传感器(13)和电磁比例溢流阀(15)分别与信号处理器(14)相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置，其特征在于：所述的液压缸(9)、电磁比例溢流阀(15)和卷收器(8)配套安装，其数量和安装在顶板(4)下方的位置依据罐笼(2)中矿工(5)的数量和站立的位置确定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置，其特征在于：所述的卷收器(8)为加重摆锤式卷收器，它包括缓冲带(8-1)、卷轴(8-2)、平面涡卷弹簧(8-3)、加重摆锤(8-4)、摆杆(8-5)、棘爪(8-6)、铰点(8-7)、支撑座(8-8)和螺旋弹簧(8-9)，所述卷轴(8-2)和平面涡卷弹簧(8-3)同轴安装，平面涡卷弹簧(8-3)安装在卷轴(8-2)两侧面，缓冲带(8-1)缠绕在卷轴(8-2)上，卷轴(8-2)的两端面设有棘轮，在卷轴(8-2)的侧面沿竖直方向设有支撑座(8-8)，支撑座(8-8)上设有经铰点(8-7)安装的摆杆(8-5)，摆杆(8-5)以铰点(8-7)为旋转支点沿竖直方向上下摆动，摆杆(8-5)靠近卷轴(8-2)一端设有棘爪(8-6)，摆杆(8-5)另一端设有加重摆锤(8-4)，加重摆锤(8-4)与支撑座(8-8)底部连接有螺旋弹簧(8-9)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置，其特征在于：所述的液压缸(9)为单作用缸，与液压缸(9)相连的电磁比例溢流阀(15)为内控内泄式溢流阀。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护装置，其特征在于：所述的安全带(6)包括肩带(6-1)和腿带(6-2)，肩带(6-1)和腿带(6-2)之间连接有矿工(5)用的腰带(6-3)，肩带(6-1)的背部经伸缩卡扣(6-4)与安全绳(7)相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述装置的立井提升机蹲罐事故矿工安全保护方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    a.将顶板(4)固定在罐笼(2)内壁上方，液压缸(9)铰接安装在顶板(4)下方，电磁比例溢流阀(15)连接到液压缸(9)，卷收器(8)的缓冲带(8-1)连接到液压缸(9)的活塞杆上，位移传感器(12)、速度传感器(13)和信号处理器(14)安装在顶板(4)下方，位移传感器(12)、速度传感器(13)和电磁比例溢流阀(15)与信号处理器(14)相连接；
    b.矿工(5)穿戴好安全带(6)进入罐笼(2)内后，将矿工(5)背部的安全绳(7)连接到卷收器(8)下部尾端，随后按相应的液压缸(9)中轴线正下方站立，在卷收器(8)的平面涡卷弹簧(8-3)的卷收力作用下，缓冲带(8-1)、安全绳(7)、安全带(6)被收紧；
    c.罐笼(2)在上升或下放的运行过程中,信号处理器(14)通过位移传感器(12)和速度传感器(13)分别实时采集罐笼(2)位于井道中的高度H和运行速度V；
    d.当罐笼(2)下放的高度H低于设定的停车点的位置时，判定发生蹲罐事故，信号处理器(14)记录并显示罐笼(2)此时的蹲罐速度V′：
    若显示的蹲罐速度V′在罐笼(2)减速末段的爬行速度范围0.1～0.5m/s内时，判定为低速蹲罐事故，罐笼(2)沿罐道绳(3)低速下滑，最终在立井提升机自身承罐稳罐装置的作用下制停，在此过程中：罐笼(2)的制动减速度较小，卷收器(8)的加重摆锤(8-4)由于惯性向下摆动并压缩螺旋弹簧(8-9)，同时带动摆杆(8-5)沿铰点(8-7)向下摆动，摆杆(8-5)另一端的棘爪(8-6)向上摆动，棘爪(8-6)卡住卷轴(8-2)的棘轮，使卷收器(8)处于锁止状态，缓冲带(8-1)不能继续从卷收器(8)抽出，低速下冲的矿工(5)在安全带(6)的作用下，安全绳(7)、缓冲带(8-1)拉动液压缸(9)活塞杆，这时由于液压缸(9)有杆腔油压达不到电磁比例溢流阀(15)的溢流压力，因而液压缸(9)活塞杆不会被拉出，从而使矿工(5)始终保持稳定的站立姿态，有效防止低速蹲罐造成矿工的碰伤和摔伤；
    若显示的蹲罐速度V′超出罐笼(2)减速末段的爬行速度范围0.5m/s时，判定为高速蹲罐事故，罐笼(2)沿罐道绳(3)高速下滑，最终在立井提升机井道底部有限的缓冲距离内急速制停，在此过程中：罐笼(2)的制动减速度大，信号处理器(14)依据此时罐笼(2)的蹲罐速度V′，参考矿工(5)的安全缓冲最大减速度a，计算得出液压缸(9)需要提供的制动油压P，即电磁比例溢流阀的溢流油压：
    P＝m×a/s
    其中：m为矿工(5)的预设体重，s为液压缸(9)有杆腔的油压作用面积，
    通过信号处理器(14)自动调定电磁比例溢流阀(15)的溢流油压，卷收器(8)的加重摆锤(8-4)由于惯性向下摆动并压缩螺旋弹簧(8-9)，同时带动摆杆(8-5)沿铰点(8-7)向下摆动，摆杆(8-5)另一端的棘爪(8-6)向上摆动，棘爪(8-6)卡住卷轴(8-2)的棘轮，使卷收器(8)处于锁止状态，缓冲带(8-1)不能继续从卷收器(8)抽出，高速下冲的矿工(5)在安全带(6)的作用下，与安全带(6)相连的安全绳(7)、缓冲带(8-1)拉动液压缸(9)活塞杆，此时液压缸(9)有杆腔油压超过电磁比例溢流阀(15)的溢流压力，开始背压泄油，液压缸(9)活塞杆在提供制动力的前提下缓速拉出，使液压缸(9)活塞杆沿缓冲带(8-1)、安全绳(7)、安全带(6)拉拽矿工(5)，既有对矿工(5)的制动力，又有缓冲距离，从而有效降低罐笼(2)高速蹲罐诱发的急速制停对矿工(5)产生的冲击载荷，并将冲击载荷分散至矿工(5)的肩部、裆部，减少对矿工(5)胸腹腔脏器以及脊椎等脆弱部位的冲击，从而有效保护矿工(5)的生命安全。
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