WO2017068911A1 - Système d'alimentation électrique de sources électriques réparties - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation électrique de sources électriques réparties Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017068911A1
WO2017068911A1 PCT/JP2016/078136 JP2016078136W WO2017068911A1 WO 2017068911 A1 WO2017068911 A1 WO 2017068911A1 JP 2016078136 W JP2016078136 W JP 2016078136W WO 2017068911 A1 WO2017068911 A1 WO 2017068911A1
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Prior art keywords
power
energy storage
output
storage device
storage devices
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PCT/JP2016/078136
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
日野　徳昭
尚弘 楠見
白石　朋史
コーテット アウン
正利 吉村
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株式会社日立製作所
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Publication of WO2017068911A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017068911A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply system for a distributed power source.
  • a regional system As an operator of the power system, fluctuations in the power supply-demand balance in large-scale consumers or in a certain area, such as a so-called microgrid or minigrid (hereinafter referred to as a regional system) It may be required to operate the regional grid to reduce the risk.
  • Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose the following techniques.
  • Patent Document 1 “[Problem] Regarding the smoothing of the power output in the distributed power supply system provided with the power storage means, the fluctuation speed of the target output is kept within a predetermined range in any time zone, and the power storage means The object is to reduce the required capacity compared with the conventional method.
  • the power output from the distributed power source 1 using natural energy is smoothed through charging / discharging to the power storage unit 7, and is supplied to the system power 10 as a target output.
  • the target output is determined so that the fluctuation speed does not exceed the predetermined range, and correction is performed to avoid shifting the power storage amount in the power storage unit 7 in one direction ([summary]).
  • the power output from the distributed power source using renewable energy is smoothed through charging / discharging to the power storage means and output as the target output. Power smoothing method and device is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 states that “[Problem] The amount of change in the power output to the power system is suppressed within a predetermined range, and the charging rate of the secondary battery is quickly brought close to the target charging rate.
  • the smoothed power calculation unit 142 calculates the smoothed power that is the power after the generated power is smoothed based on the generated power of the power generation apparatus 110.
  • the optimized power calculation unit 144 is used for the secondary battery 130.
  • the charging rate optimization power that is monotonically non-increasing with respect to the current charging rate is calculated, and the charge / discharge control unit charges / discharges the difference between the smoothed power and the charging rate optimization power with respect to the secondary battery.
  • the smoothed power is reduced to keep the amount of change in the power output to the power system within a predetermined range and to quickly bring the charge rate of the secondary battery close to the target charge rate.
  • Calculated charge that does not increase monotonously with the charge rate of the secondary battery Calculates an appropriate power, a method and apparatus for controlling the charging and discharging of the secondary battery is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 3 “[Problem] An object is to provide a stand-alone power supply system that can reduce installation costs.
  • [Solution] Demand forecast data of the load device using weather forecast data. And when the power generation output prediction data of the natural energy power generation device is calculated, and the demand prediction data and the power generation output prediction data are predicted to charge the storage battery beyond the maximum charging power of the storage battery. The power generation output from the natural energy power generation device is suppressed, and when the demand prediction data and the power generation output data are predicted to be discharged from the storage battery exceeding the maximum discharge power of the storage battery, the adjustment
  • a stand-alone power supply system characterized by reducing the power consumption of the load (see [Summary]). Calculate the output prediction data of natural energy) power generation, independent power system to reduce the installation cost of the power storage device using the adjustment load is disclosed.
  • An object is to provide a power generation output control system and a control method for controlling output fluctuation of a power supply system of a distributed power source by integrally controlling a gas engine and a fuel cell.
  • an output fluctuation such as renewable energy or a load fluctuation occurs in a power supply system of a distributed power source that performs integrated control by combining a gas engine and a fuel cell, a receiving point at a commercial power system connection point
  • reducing the output of the fuel cell so that the share of power generated by the gas engine is maximized in response to changes in power, and realizing the required load characteristics that maintain the power supplied to the load constant.
  • Patent Documents 1 to 4 have the following problems.
  • the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are power leveling by a combination of renewable energy and a power storage device. Therefore, when the energy amount of power fluctuation is large, a large power storage device is required, and there is a problem that a great cost is required.
  • Patent Document 4 is an example in which renewable energy, a gas engine, and a fuel cell are combined, and a technique related to improvement in overall efficiency is disclosed.
  • control that focuses on a charge amount for the purpose of downsizing a power storage device. Is not mentioned.
  • an effective control method for energy storage devices of different types and capacities is not described. Therefore, as described above, when the energy amount of power fluctuation is large, a large power storage device is required, and there is a problem that a great deal of cost is required.
  • the present invention has been devised in view of the above-described problems, and includes a power generation device and an energy storage device (energy storage device) using renewable energy and fuel for a regional system linked to an external power system. Another object of the present invention is to provide a distributed power supply system that reduces the capacity of the energy storage device.
  • the distributed power supply system of the present invention includes a renewable energy power generation device that is at least one distributed power source, a fuel power generation device that uses one or more fuels, and one or more energy storage devices.
  • the integrated control device for the electric power uses the renewable energy power generation device with respect to a fluctuation in supply and demand imbalance, which is a difference between the power load in the regional grid and the generated power of the renewable energy power generation device.
  • a power supply system including a power generation device and a power storage device using renewable energy and fuel for a local power system linked to an external power system
  • the capacity of the energy storage device is reduced.
  • a power supply system for a type power supply can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 It is a figure showing an example of composition of a distributed type power supply system concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the adjustment electric power of the distributed power supply system which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, (a) shows an example of the calculation method of the electric energy of the conventional regional supply-demand imbalance as a comparative example. , (B) shows calculation of the amount of power to be compensated in this system. It is a figure which shows the sum total of the electric power load in the area as a comparative example, the sum total of renewable energy power generation, and the electric power which should be compensated.
  • (B) is a figure which shows the electric power of the supply-and-demand imbalance at that time, and charge amount SOC of the electrical storage apparatus of an electrical storage apparatus. It is a figure which shows the characteristic at the time of reducing the capacity
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a distributed power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a regional system 10 as a power system is connected to an external system 11 as a power system via a transformer 15 and a circuit breaker 16.
  • Power is supplied from an external system (external system of power) 11 to a local system (regional system of power) 10. It is possible to limit the supplied power to fluctuations within a predetermined range. It is defined among the operators (managers) of the regional system 10.
  • the predetermined range of the power is determined by year, month, day, time, etc.
  • the regional grid 10 includes a photovoltaic power generation device (PV) 101 of a renewable energy power generation device that is a distributed power source and a wind power generation device (WT) 102 as a local energy system. Further, a gas turbine power generator (GT) 121 and a diesel power generator (DE) 122 are provided as fuel power generators that generate power using fuel. In addition, in the regional grid 10, the power storage device (Bat. 1) 111 and the power storage device (Bat. 2) are used as energy storage devices (energy storage devices) in order to suppress the power fluctuation range to a certain range with respect to the external system. 112 and a flywheel (FW) 113.
  • PV photovoltaic power generation device
  • WT wind power generation device
  • GT gas turbine power generator
  • DE diesel power generator
  • the power storage device (Bat. 1) 111 and the power storage device (Bat. 2) are used as energy storage devices (energy storage devices) in order to suppress the power fluctuation range to a certain range with respect to the external system. 112 and
  • the power storage devices 111 and 112 are described as batteries, but the flywheel 113 is also a power storage device in a broad sense.
  • the regional system 10 includes a power load (Load 1) 131 and a power load (Load 2) 132, which are power users.
  • the regional system 10 includes an integrated control device 170 that controls each of the devices (101, 102, 111 to 113, 121, and 122) and a power measuring device 160 that measures the power of the regional system 10. ing. It is assumed that a small-scale power user such as a general household treats a group of a plurality of general households consuming a predetermined range of power as a single power load that is easy to handle information.
  • small-scale photovoltaic power generation devices (PV) and power storage devices (Bat. 2) possessed by ordinary households are included in the power load and added together, and are excluded from the control of the integrated control device 170.
  • PV photovoltaic power generation devices
  • Bat. 2 power storage devices
  • the integrated control device 170 receives information on the current power consumption (current time, when information is acquired) from the power loads 131 and 132 in order to control the devices described above. Further, the integrated control device 170 obtains information on the upper and lower limit output values of each device, the upper limit rate at which the output can be changed, and the current output from the gas turbine power generation device 121 and the diesel power generation device 122, the solar power generation device 101 and the wind power Information on the maximum output possible in the current natural situation and the current actual output is received from the power generation apparatus 102. In addition, integrated control device 170 receives, from power storage devices 111 and 112, information regarding the target value of charging rate, the upper and lower limits, and the current output value.
  • the power flowing between the local grid 10 and the external grid 11 is measured by the power meter 160 as described above.
  • the integrated control device 170 includes the power storage devices 111 and 112, the flywheel 113, the gas turbine power generation device 121, the diesel power generation device 122, and the power control device 170 so that the fluctuation range of the power measured by the power measuring device 160 is within a predetermined range.
  • the electric power of the solar power generation device 101 and the wind power generation device 102 is adjusted. Note that the solar power generation device 101 and the wind power generation device 102 do not continue to produce the maximum possible output in their natural state, and the output can be appropriately reduced by the integrated control device.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the regulated power of the distributed power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a comparative example of a conventional method for calculating the amount of power in the regional supply and demand imbalance.
  • (B) shows calculation of the amount of power to be compensated in this system.
  • FIG. 2A shows an example of a conventional method for calculating the amount of electric power in the regional supply and demand imbalance as a comparative example.
  • the regional load total (P L ) which is the total amount of power consumption of the power loads 131 and 132 in the region, and the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 101 and wind power generation that are renewable energy in the region.
  • a regional supply-demand imbalance (P im ) which is an imbalance of power supply and demand in the region, is generated by the difference from the total regional renewable energy power (P re ) that is the sum of the power generated by the device 102.
  • this regional supply and demand imbalance (P im ) has been compensated by power supply (power reception) from the external system 11 (FIG. 1) and power storage devices in the local system 10.
  • the regional load total (the total amount of power consumption of the regional power loads 131 and 132 is ( P L) and the difference (P L -P re the renewable energy area renewable power sum is the sum of the power generated by the photovoltaic power generator 101 and wind turbine generator 102 is a local (P re) ) Is first adjusted by adjusting the output (P GT ) of a power generator using fuel such as the gas turbine power generator 121 (or the diesel power generator 122).
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a total power load in a region as a comparative example, a total power of renewable energy power generation, and power to be compensated.
  • the power load is shown by the broken characteristic line 301
  • the renewable power generation is shown by the thin characteristic line 302
  • the power to be compensated is shown by the thick characteristic line 303.
  • the vertical axis is power
  • the horizontal axis is time (time transition).
  • the electric power quantities ⁇ 1 to 3 shown on the vertical axis indicate the relative magnitude of the relative electric power, and have no particular meaning as absolute quantities.
  • the unit of power may be [GW], [MW], or [kW].
  • the power at the output of the power storage device is a positive value, it indicates the power to be output, and when the power is negative, it indicates the power to be charged (charged).
  • FIG. 3 in the case where the local power load (301) is supplemented by the renewable power generation (302) of the solar power generation apparatus 101 (FIG. 1) or the wind power generation apparatus 102 (FIG. 1) in the area, The case where the power generation capacity (power generation capacity) of the power generation (302) is small is shown. In the case where only the renewable energy generation (302) cannot cover the power load (301), it is indicated in FIG. is doing. As shown in FIG. 3, when the renewable energy generation (302) becomes smaller due to environmental conditions or the like, the power (303) to be compensated becomes larger.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how the external system 11 (FIG. 1) and the power storage devices 111 and 112 (FIG. 1) compensate for the power to be compensated (403), and (a) shows the external system. 11 shows a state in which predetermined power is received from the power storage device 11 and the power storage devices 111 and 112 compensate for the difference, and (b) shows the power supply / demand imbalance at that time and the charge amount of the power storage device of the power storage devices 111 and 112. It is a figure which shows SOC (State Of Charge).
  • SOC State Of Charge
  • the “power to be compensated” in the region of the reference example is represented by a thick characteristic line 403 (corresponding to the characteristic line 303 of power to be compensated in FIG. 3) and the external system 11.
  • the electric power “received from the system” is indicated by a broken characteristic line 411, and the “power storage device output (storage battery output)” in the regional system 10 is indicated by a thin characteristic line 412.
  • the horizontal axis is time (time transition), and the vertical axis is power. Note that the electric power quantities ⁇ 1 to 3 shown on the vertical axis are the same as those described with reference to FIG.
  • the above-mentioned power to be compensated (403) in the region varies with time as the load varies.
  • the power consumed by the load is first supplied by receiving predetermined power from the external system 11.
  • the power received from the external system 11 is determined by a contract, it is a predetermined value of a predetermined power contracted as indicated by the characteristic line 411. Therefore, when the power to be compensated (403) in the regional grid 10 exceeds the power (411) received from the external grid 11 (for example, times t2 to t3), the power storage device output (412) in the regional grid 10 It will be supplemented with.
  • the power to be compensated (403) is lower than the power (411) received from the external system 11 (for example, from time t0 to t1, t3 to), the power storage device is charged with the surplus power.
  • FIG. 4B shows a change with time of SOC of the power storage devices 111 and 112 when the power supply / demand imbalance indicated by the characteristic line 421 is zero.
  • the horizontal axis represents time (time transition), the left vertical axis represents power, and the right vertical axis represents the charge amount (charge rate) SOC of the power storage device. From time t0 to t1, the power to be compensated (403) is lower than the power (411) received from the external system 11 as shown in FIG. In order to absorb and charge the remaining power, the value of SOC (441) shown in FIG.
  • the power to be compensated (403) is approximately equal to the power received from the external system 11 (411). Does not charge or discharge so much, the value of SOC (441) shown in FIG. 4B hardly changes.
  • the power (403) to be compensated exceeds the power (411) received from the external system 11, and therefore, the power storage devices 111 and 112 Since the discharge, that is, the power is continuously output, the SOC (441) shown in FIG. 4B gradually decreases.
  • the charging rate (SOC) of the power storage devices 111 and 112 is large. fluctuate.
  • SOC 1
  • SOC 0, the battery is completely discharged.
  • the SOC deviates from 0.5 and approaches 1 or 0, there is a problem that the deterioration of the power storage devices 111 and 112 proceeds quickly.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a method of using power to be compensated (503) in combination with a GT output (532) from the gas turbine power generation device 121 (FIG. 1) and a power storage device output (512) from the power storage devices 111 and 112.
  • A shows the relationship between the power to be compensated (503), the GT output (532), and the power storage device output (512), and
  • (b) shows the power supply / demand imbalance at that time and the power storage device 111.
  • 112 is a diagram showing a charge amount (charge rate) SOC of the power storage device.
  • “power to be compensated” is a thick characteristic line 503 (corresponding to the power characteristic line 403 to be compensated in FIG. 4), and “GT output” of the gas turbine is a broken characteristic line 532.
  • the “power storage device output (storage battery output)” in the regional system 10 is indicated by a thin characteristic line 512.
  • the horizontal axis is time (time transition), and the vertical axis is power. Note that the electric power quantities ⁇ 1 to 3 shown on the vertical axis are the same as those described with reference to FIG.
  • the power to be compensated (503) is first followed by the output (GT output: 532) of the gas turbine power generator (GT) 121.
  • a power storage device output (512) indicated by a characteristic line 512 represents the transition of the output of the power storage devices 111 and 112 and the charge / discharge time.
  • SOC that is the charge amount of the power storage device is indicated by a broken characteristic line 541.
  • the horizontal axis represents time (time transition), the left vertical axis represents power, and the right vertical axis represents the charge amount (charge rate) SOC of the power storage device.
  • a thick characteristic line 521 indicating “demand imbalance” is always 0 (equilibrium state).
  • the power storage devices 111 and 112 require a power generation device (gas turbine power generation device 121 or diesel power generation device 122) that uses fuel instead of having a small capacity.
  • This power generation device outputs power on average. is doing. Therefore, by using the average power of the power generation devices (121, 122) for the power demand of the regional grid 10, it is possible to reduce the power charge paid to the operator of the external grid 11. Further, depending on the contract, it is also possible to obtain income by selling surplus power to the operator of the external system 11.
  • the fuel of the power generation device that uses the above-mentioned fuel for example, biomass that is a local organic substance
  • the operator of the regional grid 10 can obtain a profit and recover the initial investment cost. Is possible. Therefore, the operator of the regional grid 10 can reduce the life cycle cost as the capacity of the power storage device is reduced.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates the output (discharge) of the power storage device and the power storage device output indicating charging
  • FIG. The charge amount SOC of the power storage device when the balance is 0 is shown.
  • “power storage device output (storage battery output)” is indicated by a thick characteristic line 612.
  • the horizontal axis represents time (time transition), and the vertical axis represents power.
  • the numerical value ⁇ 1.0 to 1.0 on the vertical axis indicates the relative relationship in relative power, and has no special meaning as an absolute amount. Further, when the electric power at the output of the power storage device is a positive value, it represents the electric power to be output (discharged), and when the electric power is a negative value, it represents the electric power to be charged (accumulated).
  • the power storage device output (612) is generally large on the positive output side, and the discharge continues mainly.
  • SOC that is the amount of charge (charging rate) of the power storage device
  • supply / demand imbalance is indicated by a thick characteristic line 621.
  • the horizontal axis represents time (time transition)
  • the left vertical axis represents power
  • the right vertical axis represents the charge amount (charge rate) SOC of the power storage device.
  • SOC (641) which is the charge amount (charge rate) of the power storage device, is less than 0.5 in the period from time t10 to t20. This is because, as described above, the power storage device output (612) increases during the period from time t10 to t20, and the discharge continues mainly ((a) of FIG. 6).
  • FIG. 6B illustrates a case where the supply-demand imbalance (621) is zero.
  • the capacity (Wh) of the battery is reduced, the range of change of the charge amount (charge rate) SOC (641) of the power storage device is increased.
  • the renewable energy power generation apparatus (101, 102: FIG. 1) is set to leave a surplus.
  • characteristics in the case of compensating by adjusting using the remaining power of the renewable energy power generation device will be described. 7 (a) and 7 (b) will be mainly described. This will be described as appropriate in correspondence with (a) and (b) of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing characteristics when compensation is made by adjusting renewable energy power generation (renewable power generation), where (a) shows the power storage device output and the amount of adjustment of renewable energy power generation, and (b) shows supply and demand.
  • the unbalanced power amount and the charge amount (charge rate) SOC of the power storage device are shown.
  • “power storage device output (storage battery output)” is indicated by a thick characteristic line 712
  • “re-energy generation” is indicated by a broken characteristic line 702.
  • the horizontal axis and the vertical axis are the same as those in FIG. In FIG.
  • SOC which is the amount of charge (charging rate) of the power storage device
  • supply-demand imbalance is indicated by a thick characteristic line 721.
  • the horizontal axis represents time (time transition), the left vertical axis represents power, and the right vertical axis represents the charge amount (charge rate) SOC of the power storage device.
  • the charge / discharge pattern of the power storage devices 111 and 112 (FIG. 1) according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown under the same conditions as those in FIG. 6A.
  • the threshold value is set to ⁇ 0.1, and charging / discharging is set only when the power to be adjusted for the “storage battery output”, which is the output of the power storage devices 111 and 112, is equal to or greater than the threshold value.
  • the storage battery output (612, 712) exceeds the threshold value of 0.1 during the period from time t10 to t11. Therefore, in FIG. 7A, the renewable energy power generation (702) is activated during the next period of time t11 to t12. In addition, since the renewable energy generation (702) operates in this way, the power storage devices 111 and 112 are charged by switching to the charging mode during the period from time t11 to t12 (storage battery output (712)). Similarly, the storage battery output (612, 712) exceeds the threshold value of 0.1 during the period from time t13 to t14 in FIGS. 6 (a) and 7 (a). Therefore, in FIG.
  • the renewable energy power generation (702) is activated during the next period from time t14 to t15.
  • the power storage devices 111 and 112 are charged during the period from time t14 to t15.
  • the storage battery output (612, 712) is within the range of ⁇ 0.1 of the threshold value. For this reason, in FIG. 7A, the renewable energy generation (702) does not operate during the next period of time t13 to t14.
  • the compensation power is a characteristic line 702 indicated by a broken line in FIG.
  • the power to be adjusted storage battery output (612, 712)
  • the power of this renewable energy power generation is adjust. That is, the period from time t11 to t12, time t14 to t15, time t16 to t17, and the like. Since the power for charging is compensated by the surplus of renewable energy, the overall supply and demand imbalance does not increase. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7B, the supply-demand imbalance amount (721) does not exceed the threshold value 0.1.
  • the SOC (741) of the charging rate is the target in FIG. It is easy to return to the value (0.5).
  • a generator using fuel such as the gas turbine power generation device 121 and the diesel power generation device 122.
  • the integrated control device 170 includes each power generation device (GT, DE, PV, WT, etc.) and an energy storage device (energy storage device: Bat.1, 2, FW, etc.). Information about power and information about power demand from loads (Load 1 and 2) are calculated, and power to be compensated is calculated. Since it is practically impossible to completely eliminate the power supply / demand imbalance, the operator of the regional grid 10 is allowed to change the power in a certain range with respect to the operator of the external grid 11. In FIG.
  • the power storage devices 111 and 112 have been described as batteries that store electricity. However, from the viewpoint of storing electricity, the capacitor is also a power storage device.
  • a flywheel (FW) 113 is also used to store energy other than electrical energy.
  • energy storage apparatus As an apparatus for accumulating energy widely as well as electric energy, there is an energy storage apparatus (appropriately expressed as “energy storage apparatus”). Hereinafter, the energy storage device will be described without being limited to the power storage device.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure in which the integrated control apparatus 170 according to the first embodiment of the present invention determines the charging rate compensation mode and the leveling mode.
  • Step S701 the integrated control device 170 (FIG. 1) includes each power generation device (GT, DE, PV, WT, etc .: FIG. 1) and an energy storage device (energy storage device: Bat). .1, 2, FW, etc .: Information on power from FIG. 1) and information on power demand from load (Load 1, 2: FIG. 1) are calculated, and “power to be compensated” is calculated.
  • step S ⁇ b> 702 the integrated control device 170 (FIG. 1) determines whether the calculated “power to be compensated” is within a range allowed for the operator of the external system 11 (FIG. 1). . If it is within the allowable range (Yes), the process proceeds to step S703. If it is outside the allowable range (No), the process proceeds to step S704.
  • Step S703 the integrated control device 170 controls the charge rate compensation mode of the energy storage device (power storage devices 111 and 112). That is, the integrated control device 170 performs power control such that the charge rate SOC of the energy storage devices (power storage devices 111 and 112) is returned to the target value.
  • Step S704 the integrated control device 170 controls the regional system load leveling mode. That is, the integrated control device 170 performs power control so that each energy storage device (power storage devices 111 and 112) outputs (discharges) so as to compensate the power in the regional grid 10.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an operation in the charge rate compensation mode of the integrated control apparatus 170 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step S801 >> In FIG. 9, first, in step S ⁇ b> 801, the integrated control device 170 acquires information on the charging rate of each energy storage device (power storage devices 111 and 112: FIG. 1) at the present time (at the time of information acquisition).
  • Step S802 the integrated control device 170 calculates power necessary for each energy storage device to reach a target charging rate.
  • step S802 of FIG. 9 it is described as “calculate the charge amount of each device”.
  • Step S803 the integrated control device 170 calculates the total power (compensation power) necessary for each energy storage device to reach the target charging rate. In addition, in step S803 in FIG. 9, it is described as “calculate the total amount of compensation power of all energy storage devices”.
  • Step S804 the integrated control device 170 adjusts (adjusts) the output of the renewable energy device (renewable energy power generation device) to supplement the total amount of compensation power of the total energy storage device.
  • the renewable energy power generation devices such as the solar power generation device (PV) 101 (FIG. 1) and the wind power generation device (WT) 102 (FIG. 1) are natural (currently, at the time of information acquisition).
  • the output is set to be less than the maximum output possible in the situation, and the margin is used for output adjustment.
  • step S804 in FIG. 9 “renewed energy output is adjusted” is described.
  • Step S805 the integrated control device 170 adjusts the output of the renewable energy device (renewable energy power generation device) to determine whether the total amount of compensation power of the total energy storage device can be compensated (compensation power is Judgment is made or not. If the margin of the renewable energy device is larger than the power necessary for charge compensation of the entire energy storage device (Yes), the process proceeds to step S807. Further, when the power required for charging compensation of the entire energy storage device is not enough for the margin of the renewable energy device (No), the process proceeds to step S806.
  • Step S806 since there is not enough electric power required for charging compensation of the energy storage device by the margin of the renewable energy device, the integrated control device 170 further outputs the output of the generator (GT, DE: FIG. 1) using fuel. Is controlled to increase, and the increased power is used to compensate for the lack of charge compensation of the entire energy storage device. After step S806, the process returns to step S801, and the flow from step S801 is executed again. In this case, the output of the generator using the fuel (GT, DE: FIG. 1) has increased. Assuming that, the integrated control device 170 executes control.
  • Step S807 since the charge compensation of the energy storage device can be performed only by the margin of the renewable energy device, the integrated control device 170 has a large output in the same type of energy storage device among the plurality of energy storage devices. Control to charge things with priority.
  • Step S808 >> In step S ⁇ b> 808, the integrated control device 170 performs control so that, among the plurality of energy storage devices, different types of energy storage devices that have a quick charge / discharge response are preferentially charged.
  • Step S809 the integrated control device 170 distributes the compensation power of each energy storage device based on the priority determined in steps S807 and S808, using the power reserve of the renewable energy device, and charges. Take control.
  • step S809 the integrated control device 170 distributes the total amount of compensated power to individual devices.
  • step S807 when there are a plurality of energy storage devices and a device that requires charging and a device that requires discharging are present at the same time, power is input / output (charging and discharging) between the energy storage devices.
  • step S807 when there are a plurality of the same type of energy storage devices and their maximum outputs are different, when energy is distributed in the charge rate compensation mode, priority is given to the energy storage devices with a large maximum output (priority order). To set the value higher) to return to the target value.
  • the priority distribution is performed so that the energy storage device having a larger output returns in a shorter time. This is because the SOC of a power storage device with a small maximum output has sufficient power, and if the SOC of a power storage device with a large maximum output is small, it is impossible to prepare for a large output fluctuation.
  • the system can be prepared for a large load fluctuation, and the charging energy of the power storage device can be used effectively.
  • step S808 there are various types of power storage devices such as a NaS battery (sodium / sulfur battery), a lead battery, and a lithium ion battery.
  • a NaS battery sodium / sulfur battery
  • lead battery a lead battery
  • lithium ion battery there are various energy storage devices such as flywheels, capacitors, and heat utilization, but the response speeds to input / output commands are different.
  • Capacitors and flywheels with a fast response speed often have a small stored energy even if the output is large. Since these devices generally have excellent durability against repetition, they are suitable for frequent power input and output. For this reason, about the apparatus with a quick response speed, it returns to a target charge rate preferentially (priority is set high) in charge rate compensation mode.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing details of the operation in the leveling mode (S704 in FIG. 8) of the integrated control apparatus 170 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step S901 the integrated control device 170 (FIG. 1) includes each power generation device (GT, DE, PV, WT, etc .: FIG. 1) and an energy storage device (energy storage device: Bat.1, 2). , FW, etc .: Information on power from FIG. 1) and information on power demand from load (Load 1, 2: FIG. 1) are obtained, and “power to be compensated” is calculated.
  • Step S902 the integrated control device 170 adjusts (adjusts) the output of the renewable energy device (renewable energy power generation device) so as to supplement the “power to be compensated” in the regional grid 10.
  • the integrated control device 170 adjusts (adjusts) the output of the renewable energy device (renewable energy power generation device) so as to supplement the “power to be compensated” in the regional grid 10.
  • Step S903 the integrated control device 170 (FIG. 1) determines whether the “power to be compensated” can be adjusted by the output of the renewable energy device. If it is within the allowable range (Yes), the process proceeds to step S910. If it is outside the allowable range (No), the process proceeds to step S904.
  • the output of the renewable energy is first suppressed before storing in the energy storage device. And the component which cannot be suppressed only by it is charged by the energy storage device in the next step 904 and thereafter.
  • Step S904 the charging rate of each energy storage device is acquired.
  • Steps S905 to S907 will be described collectively.
  • the output of the renewable energy is first suppressed before storing in the energy storage device. And about the component which cannot be suppressed only by it, it charges with an energy storage apparatus.
  • the amount of power generation of renewable energy that has been previously suppressed is released, and if that is insufficient, the energy storage device is discharged. At this time, how to determine the charge / discharge power of each of the plurality of power storage devices is described below.
  • the integrated control device 170 has information on the maximum output, the maximum amount of stored energy, the target value of the charging rate (charging rate target value) and the upper and lower limit values of each energy storage device in advance.
  • the target charge rate SOC is 50% (0.5)
  • the upper limit value is 70% (0.7)
  • the lower limit value is 0% (0.0).
  • the power to be compensated is C
  • the power storage devices 111 and 112 determine that 90% of the power is compensated, and the output coefficient C0 for the whole is determined to be 0.9 (step S907).
  • each output coefficient C1 is determined by the maximum output ratio between the capacity of the power storage device 111 and the power storage device 112 (step S906).
  • the output coefficient C2 is also determined according to the current charging rate SOC acquired in step S904 (step S905).
  • Step S908 the integrated control device 170 multiplies the output C to be compensated by output coefficients C0, C1, and C2, and outputs so that the total output of each device becomes the power to be compensated. Recalculate the coefficients. Note that, when the output is determined for each power storage device, the output coefficient of each device is smaller than 1, so the sum of the outputs of the two devices is not sufficient as a whole. Therefore, the integrated control device 170 recalculates those output coefficients.
  • Step S909 based on the output coefficients recalculated in step S908, the integrated control device 170 sets the output of each power storage device so that the sum of the outputs by the output coefficients becomes the power to be compensated as a system. Discharge electric power). Then, the process proceeds to step S910.
  • Step S910 As described above, when step S903 (Yes) or step S909 ends, the process proceeds to step S910. In step S910, the adjustment by the integrated control device 170 ends.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining how to determine the output coefficient C2 in the leveling mode of the integrated control apparatus 170 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a characteristic line 1100 indicated by a bold line represents discharging
  • a characteristic line 1101 indicated by a broken line represents charging.
  • the vertical axis represents the output coefficient C2 (0 to 1)
  • the horizontal axis represents the charge amount SOC (%) of the power storage device.
  • the output coefficient C2 at the time of discharge is set to 1.
  • the output coefficient C2 at the time of charging decreases with a linear relationship (negative proportionality constant) as the SOC increases.
  • the output coefficient C2 for charging is 1.
  • it increases in proportion to the SOC.
  • the battery power storage device has been mainly described, but the present invention can be applied to a device capable of charging and discharging electric power, such as a flywheel and a capacitor.
  • the present (first) embodiment is also effective from the standpoint of power adjustment when surplus power is converted into heat and used for local energy demand.
  • FIG. 1 referred to in the description of the first embodiment, two power storage devices (Bat.1, 2) 111 and 112, one flywheel (FW) 113, and one gas turbine generator (GT) 121 are shown.
  • 1 unit as a diesel generator (DE) 122
  • 1 unit as a solar power generation device (PV) 101
  • 1 unit as a wind power generation device (WT) 102
  • 2 units as loads (Load 1, 2) 131 and 132
  • flywheel (FW) 113 the diesel generator (DE) 122, the gas turbine generator (GT) 121, the solar power generator (PV) 101, the wind power generator (WT) 102, etc.
  • DE diesel generator
  • GT gas turbine generator
  • PV solar power generator
  • WT wind power generator
  • the gas turbine generator (GT) 121 has been mainly described as the power generation device using fuel. However, it may be performed by the diesel generator (DE) 122, or may be mixed and performed by both. Also good. Further, as described above, power generation by a biomass power plant may be used. Further, although the battery is mainly described as the power storage device, the flywheel (FW) 113 or the capacitor (not shown) may be used. Moreover, although NaS battery, lead battery, and lithium ion battery were illustrated as a battery, other batteries, for example, a redox flow battery, a nickel hydride battery, etc. may be sufficient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'alimentation électrique muni d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie et un dispositif de génération électrique dans lequel du combustible et une énergie renouvelable sont utilisés pour un système régional relié à un système électrique externe, le système d'alimentation électrique de sources électriques réparties réduisant la capacité du dispositif de stockage d'énergie. Le système d'alimentation électrique est muni d'un dispositif 101 de génération électrique à énergie renouvelable qui est une source électrique répartie, un dispositif 121 de génération électrique à combustible, un dispositif 111 de stockage d'énergie, une charge 131 de puissance, et un dispositif 170 de commande intégrée de puissance électrique servant à réalisée une commande intégrée et à adapter la demande de puissance. Le dispositif de commande intégrée de puissance électrique: commande la production du dispositif de génération électrique à énergie renouvelable et la production du dispositif de génération électrique à combustible par rapport à la quantité de variation dans le déséquilibre de la demande, qui est la différence entre la charge de puissance dans le système régional et la quantité d'électricité générée par le dispositif de génération électrique à énergie renouvelable; et réalise une commande de façon à décharger le dispositif de stockage d'énergie et à compenser le déséquilibre de la demande d'électricité au sein du système régional 10 lorsque le déséquilibre dépasse une valeur seuil prescrite, et à charger le dispositif de stockage d'énergie et à ramener le taux de charge à une valeur souhaitée lorsque le déséquilibre de la demande d'électricité au sein du système régional se situe dans la limite de la valeur seuil prescrite.
PCT/JP2016/078136 2015-10-19 2016-09-26 Système d'alimentation électrique de sources électriques réparties WO2017068911A1 (fr)

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CN111106616A (zh) * 2020-01-08 2020-05-05 上海煦达新能源科技有限公司 稳定光伏电站输出的组串架构混合电池储能系统
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