WO2017063571A1 - 不间断电源直流母线的放电装置及放电方法 - Google Patents

不间断电源直流母线的放电装置及放电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017063571A1
WO2017063571A1 PCT/CN2016/102014 CN2016102014W WO2017063571A1 WO 2017063571 A1 WO2017063571 A1 WO 2017063571A1 CN 2016102014 W CN2016102014 W CN 2016102014W WO 2017063571 A1 WO2017063571 A1 WO 2017063571A1
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bus
switch tube
turned
pulse width
switch
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郑大为
黎富明
王志武
简晓铭
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Eaton Corp
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Eaton Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, and in particular to a discharge device and a discharge method for an uninterruptible power supply.
  • Uninterruptible power supplies are capable of continuously and steadily powering electrical equipment and have been widely used in various fields.
  • the uninterruptible power supply 10 includes a three-phase LC filter circuit 12, a three-phase half-bridge converter 13, a DC power source 15, and a DC-DC converter 16.
  • the three-phase alternating currents L1, L2, and L3 are connected to the three input terminals of the three-phase half-bridge converter 13 (ie, the intermediate nodes N1, N2, and N3 of the three bridge arms thereof) through the three-phase LC filter circuit 12, and three-phase half
  • the output of the bridge converter 13 is connected to (or as) a positive DC bus 141 and a negative DC bus 142.
  • the DC-DC converter 16 is for boosting the DC power supplied from the DC power source 15 and outputting it to the positive DC bus 141 and the negative DC bus 142.
  • the three-phase half-bridge converter 13 is controlled to operate, thereby converting the three-phase alternating currents L1, L2, and L3 into the required direct current and outputting them to the positive and negative DC busses 141, 142.
  • the switching transistor 161 in the DC-DC converter 16 is controlled to operate in a pulse width modulation mode, thereby boosting the DC power supplied from the DC power source 15 and outputting it to the positive and negative DC bus bars 141, 142.
  • the switching transistor 161 in the DC-DC converter 16 is controlled to operate in a pulse width modulation mode, thereby boosting the DC power supplied from the DC power source 15 and outputting it to the positive and negative DC bus bars 141, 142.
  • the single-phase uninterruptible power supply 20 includes an LC filter circuit 22, a half-bridge converter 23 connected to the output of the LC filter circuit 22, and a DC-DC converter 26.
  • the intermediate node N21 of the two switching transistors S21, S22 of the half bridge converter 23 is connected to the output terminal of the LC filter circuit 22. It is basically the same as the principle of FIG. 1. In the process of controlling the switching transistor 261 in the DC-DC converter 26 to operate in the pulse width modulation mode, it is also difficult to accurately control the voltages on the positive and negative DC bus bars 241 and 242 to be equal.
  • the uninterruptible power supply may have the following three conditions: 1. The voltage overvoltage on the positive DC bus (ie, exceeding a predetermined threshold); 2. The voltage overvoltage on the negative DC bus; 3. Positive and negative. The voltage on the DC bus is overvoltage. All three of these conditions will lead to uninterruptible power supply Emergency shutdown to stop powering the load.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a discharge device and a discharge method for discharging a DC bus of an uninterruptible power supply.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a discharge device for an uninterruptible power supply DC bus, the uninterruptible power supply comprising: a positive DC bus; a negative DC bus; and a half bridge converter including a first bridge arm, the first a bridge arm includes a first switch tube connected to the positive DC bus and a second switch connected to the negative DC bus, the half bridge converter for converting AC power received at the input end into DC power;
  • the discharge device of the uninterruptible power supply DC bus includes:
  • a first controllably conductive device electrically connected between the first intermediate node of the first bridge arm and the ground;
  • control device configured to control a conduction state of the first controllable conductive device, the first switch tube and the second switch tube when the uninterruptible power supply operates in a battery mode, when the voltage on the positive DC bus Overvoltage, causing the positive DC bus to be discharged through the first switching transistor and the first controllable conductive device, and when the voltage on the negative DC bus is overvoltage, causing the negative DC bus to pass
  • the second switch tube and the first controllable conductive device perform discharge.
  • the first controllable conductive device comprises a first switch connected in series, a first resistor and a first inductor, and the control device is configured to control the first switch to be turned on and off.
  • said uninterruptible power supply further comprises an LC filter circuit coupled between said alternating current and said input of said half bridge converter, said first controllably conductive means comprising a second switch, a second resistor and said An inductance in the LC filter circuit, one end of the inductor in the LC filter circuit is connected to the first intermediate node, and the other end is grounded through the second switch and the second resistor connected in series, the control device It is used to control the second switch to be turned on and off.
  • the alternating current is a three-phase alternating current
  • the half-bridge converter is a three-phase half-bridge converter
  • the three-phase half-bridge converter includes a second bridge arm, the second bridge arm including the same a third switching tube connected to the bus bar and a fourth switching tube connected to the negative DC bus; wherein the discharging device of the uninterruptible power supply DC bus further comprises a second electrically connected to the three-phase half-bridge converter A second controllable conductive device between the second intermediate node of the bridge arm and the ground.
  • the second controllable conductive device comprises a third switch, a third resistor and a second inductor connected in series.
  • the discharge device of the uninterruptible power supply DC bus further comprises: a fifth switch tube and a sixth switch tube connected to form a bridge arm between the positive DC bus and the negative DC bus; and a fourth resistor connected in series And a third inductor, the fourth resistor and the third inductor connected in series are connected between an intermediate node of the fifth switch and the sixth switch and ground.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides an uninterruptible power supply for a discharge device including the above-described uninterruptible power supply and uninterruptible power supply DC bus.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for discharging an uninterruptible power supply DC bus, the discharging method comprising: controlling the first controllable conductive device to be turned on, respectively, for the first switch tube and the second switch tube Providing a first pulse width modulation drive signal and a second pulse width modulation drive signal, when the voltage on the positive DC bus is overvoltage, causing the positive DC bus to pass through the first switch tube and the first controllable The electrically conductive device discharges, and when the voltage on the negative DC bus is overvoltage, causes the negative DC bus to discharge through the second switching transistor and the first controllable conductive device.
  • the duty ratio of the first pulse width modulation driving signal provided to the first switching transistor is greater than the second pulse width provided to the second switching transistor Modulating a duty ratio of the driving signal, and controlling the first switching tube and the second switching tube to be not turned on at the same time; or when the voltage on the negative DC bus is overvoltage, providing the first switching tube
  • the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation driving signal is smaller than the duty ratio of the second pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the second switching transistor, and the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor are controlled to be not turned on at the same time.
  • the discharging method includes: controlling the second switch to be turned off when the voltage on the positive DC bus is overvoltage; or controlling the first when the voltage on the negative DC bus is overvoltage The switch tube is turned off.
  • the alternating current is a three-phase alternating current
  • the half-bridge converter is a three-phase half-bridge converter
  • the three-phase half-bridge converter includes a second bridge arm, the second bridge arm including the same a third switch tube connected to the bus bar and a fourth switch tube connected to the negative DC bus
  • the discharge device of the uninterruptible power supply DC bus further includes a second intermediate node electrically connected to the second bridge arm and the ground
  • the second controllable conductive device between the positive DC bus and the negative DC bus when the voltage is overvoltage, the discharging method includes:
  • the duty ratio of the first pulse width modulated driving signal provided to the first switching transistor is greater than the second pulse width modulation provided to the second switching transistor a duty ratio of the driving signal, and a duty ratio of the third pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the third switching transistor is smaller than a duty ratio of the fourth pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the fourth switching transistor, And controlling the first switch tube and the second switch tube to be turned on at different times, and controlling the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube to be not turned on at the same time; or controlling the first and second controllable conductive devices Passing, the duty ratio of the first pulse width modulation driving signal provided to the first switching transistor is smaller than the duty ratio of the second pulse width modulation driving signal provided to the second switching transistor, and the third The duty ratio of the third pulse width modulation drive signal provided by the switch tube is greater than the duty ratio of the fourth pulse width modulation drive signal provided to the fourth switch tube, and the first switch tube and the second switch tube are controlled It is not turned
  • the discharging method includes: controlling the first and second controllable conductive devices to be turned on, controlling the second switching tube and the third switching tube to be turned off; or controlling the first and second controllable conductive materials The device is turned on to control the first switch tube and the fourth switch tube to be turned off.
  • the discharge device of the uninterruptible power supply DC bus further comprises: a fifth switch tube and a sixth switch tube connected to form a bridge arm between the positive DC bus and the negative DC bus; and a fourth resistor connected in series And a third inductor, the fourth resistor and the third inductor connected in series are connected between the intermediate node of the fifth switch and the sixth switch and ground; when the voltage is on the positive DC bus and the negative DC bus When both are overvoltage, the discharge method includes:
  • the duty ratio of the first pulse width modulation driving signal provided to the first switching transistor is greater than the second pulse width modulation driving signal provided to the second switching transistor a duty ratio, a duty ratio of a fifth pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the fifth switching transistor is smaller than a duty ratio of a sixth pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the sixth switching transistor, and controlling the The first switch tube and the second switch tube are not turned on at the same time, and the fifth switch tube and the sixth switch tube are controlled to be not turned on at the same time; or the first controllable conductive device is controlled to be turned on, to the first
  • the duty ratio of the first pulse width modulation drive signal provided by the switch tube is less than the duty ratio of the second pulse width modulation drive signal provided to the second switch tube, and the fifth pulse width provided to the fifth switch tube
  • the duty ratio of the modulation driving signal is greater than the duty ratio of the sixth pulse width modulation driving signal provided to the sixth switching transistor, and the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor are controlled to
  • the discharging method further comprises:
  • the discharge device and the discharge method of the invention can discharge the DC bus of the uninterruptible power supply operating in the battery mode, avoiding the emergency shutdown of the uninterruptible power supply and stopping the supply of the load. Electricity.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a three-phase uninterruptible power supply.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a single phase uninterruptible power supply.
  • Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a three-phase uninterruptible power supply in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a three-phase uninterruptible power supply in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a single phase uninterruptible power supply in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a three-phase uninterruptible power supply in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the circuit includes an inductor L1, a resistor R1 and a switch K1 connected in series between the intermediate node N1 of the first bridge arm of the three-phase half-bridge converter 13 and the ground, in the three-phase half-bridge converter 13
  • the inductor L2, the resistor R2 and the switch K2 connected in series between the intermediate node N2 of the second bridge arm and the ground, and the control device 17, will be described in detail below in connection with the operating mode and the DC bus overvoltage condition.
  • control unit 17 controls the switches K1 and K2 to open.
  • the voltage overvoltage on the positive DC bus 141, the voltage overvoltage on the negative DC bus 142, and the voltages on the positive and negative DC buses 141, 142 are all over-expressed in the following.
  • the discharge method in the case.
  • the discharging method (1a) and the control device 17 control the switches K1 and K2 to be closed, and the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the switching tube S1 is greater than the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the switching tube S2, and is controlled.
  • the switch tubes S1 and S2 are not turned on at the same time, and the first discharge path formed is a positive DC bus 141, a switch S1, an inductor L1, and a resistor R1 to a switch K1.
  • the resistor R1 is used to consume electric energy on the positive DC bus 141.
  • the switch tube S2 is controlled to be in an off state.
  • the discharging method (1b) and the control device 17 control the switches K1 and K2 to be closed, and the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the switching tube S3 is greater than the pulse width modulation driving signal provided to the switching tube S4.
  • the duty ratio of the number, and the control switch tubes S3, S4 are not turned on at the same time, the second discharge path formed is a positive DC bus 141, a switch S3, an inductor L2, a resistor R2 to a switch K2, and the resistor R2 is used to consume a positive DC
  • the electrical energy on bus 141, the inductance in three-phase LC filter circuit 12 is used to limit current.
  • the switch tube S4 is controlled to be in an off state.
  • the discharging method (1c), the above-described discharging method (1a) or (1a') are simultaneously performed to form the above-described first discharge path, and the discharging method (1b) or (1b') is performed to form the above-described second discharge path.
  • the two discharge paths can speed up the discharge process of the positive DC bus 141.
  • the discharging method (2a) and the control device 17 control the switches K1 and K2 to be closed, and the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the switching tube S1 is smaller than the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the switching tube S2, and the control is performed.
  • the switch tubes S1 and S2 are not turned on at the same time, and the third discharge path formed is a switch K1, a resistor R1, an inductor L1, and a switch S2 to a negative DC bus 142.
  • the resistor R1 is used to consume the electric energy on the negative DC bus 142.
  • the switch tube S1 is controlled to be in an off state.
  • the discharging method (2b) and the control device 17 control the switches K1 and K2 to be closed, and the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the switching tube S3 is smaller than the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation driving signal supplied to the switching tube S4, and the control is performed.
  • the switch tubes S3 and S4 are not turned on at the same time, and the fourth discharge path formed is a switch K2, a resistor R2, an inductor L2, a switch tube S4 to a negative DC bus 142, and a resistor R2 for consuming power on the negative DC bus 142.
  • the switching tube S3 is controlled to be in an off state.
  • the discharging method (2c), the discharging method (2a) or (2a') is performed to form the third discharge path, and the discharging method (2b) or (2b') is performed to form the fourth discharging path.
  • Two discharge paths can speed up the discharge process of the negative DC bus 142.
  • the discharge method (3a) simultaneously performs the above-described discharge methods (1a) and (2b), thereby forming the first discharge path and the fourth discharge path described above, thereby realizing simultaneous discharge of the positive and negative DC bus bars 141, 142.
  • the discharge method (3b) and the above-described discharge methods (1b) and (2a) are simultaneously performed to form the second discharge path and the third discharge path. Thereby, the positive and negative DC bus bars 141, 142 are simultaneously discharged.
  • the discharge method (3b'), the above-described discharge methods (1b') and (2a') are performed to form the second discharge path and the third discharge path. Thereby, the positive and negative DC bus bars 141, 142 are simultaneously discharged.
  • series connected inductors and switches may be connected between any two of the intermediate nodes N1, N2, and N3 and ground.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a three-phase uninterruptible power supply in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the circuit includes a switch K1' and a resistor R1' which are connected in series between the two input terminals of the three-phase LC filter circuit 12 and the ground, and a switch K2' and a resistor R2' which are connected in series.
  • the inductor 121 connected to the intermediate node N1 in the three-phase LC filter circuit 12 is grounded through the series-connected switch K1' and the resistor R1' and serves as a part of the discharge path.
  • the inductor 122 connected to the intermediate node N2 in the three-phase LC filter circuit 12 is grounded through the series connected switch K2' and the resistor R2' and serves as a part of the other discharge path.
  • the two discharge paths multiplex the two inductors 121, 122 of the three-phase LC filter circuit 12, saving cost.
  • the control unit 17 provides control signals to the respective switches and switches.
  • the control device 17 includes a pulse width modulation signal generating device, a gate driver connected between the output of the pulse width modulation signal generating device and the gates of the switching transistors S1-S4, and control switches K1, K2 or switches K1', K2 'The control circuit for the on state.
  • Those skilled in the art can also employ other control means to generate the desired control signals, such as control means for providing a pulse width modulated signal to the three phase half bridge converter 13 in the uninterruptible power supply 10.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a single phase uninterruptible power supply in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the discharge circuit includes a switch K1" and a resistor R1" connected in series between the input terminal of the LC filter circuit 22 and the ground, and is connected as a bridge arm between the positive DC bus 241 and the negative DC bus 242.
  • the switches S25 and S26, and the inductor L1" and the resistor R2" connected in series between the intermediate node N24 of the switch tubes S25 and S26 and the ground.
  • the inductor 221 in the LC filter circuit 22 is connected in series with the switch K1" and serves as a part of the discharge path.
  • control unit 27 controls the switch K1" to open.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 5 will be separately described below in the battery mode, on the positive DC bus 241.
  • Discharge method (4) voltage overvoltage on positive DC bus 241: control device 27 controls switch K1" to close, control switch tubes S21, S22, S25 and S26 and discharge method (1a), (1a'), ( The manners of controlling the switch tubes S1 to S4 in 1b), (1b') or (1c) are basically the same, and will not be described again here.
  • Discharge method (5) voltage overvoltage on negative DC bus 242: control device 27 controls switch K1" to close, control switch tube S21, S22, S25 and S26 and discharge method (2a), (2a'), ( The manners of controlling the switches S1 to S4 in 2b), (2b') or (2c) are basically the same, and will not be described herein.
  • the discharge method (6), the voltages on the positive and negative DC bus bars 241, 242 are overvoltage: the control device 27 controls the switch K1" to close, and the manner and method (3a), (3a' for controlling the switch tubes S21, S22, S25 and S26
  • the manners of controlling the switches S1 to S4 in (3b) or (3b') are basically the same, and are not described herein again.
  • the switch K1" and the resistor R1" connected in series in FIG. 5 may be replaced by an inductor, a resistor and a switch connected in series between the intermediate node N21 and the ground.

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Abstract

一种不间断电源直流母线的放电装置和放电方法，不间断电源包括正直流母线（141）和负直流母线（142），以及半桥变换器（13），其包括第一桥臂，第一桥臂包括与所述正直流母线（141）连接的第一开关管（S1）和与所述负直流母线（142）连接的第二开关管（S2）；所述放电装置包括：电连接在所述第一桥臂的第一中间节点（N1）与地之间的第一可控导电装置；以及控制装置（17），用于在电池模式下，控制所述第一可控导电装置、第一开关管（S1）和第二开关管（S2）的导通状态，当所述正直流母线（141）上的电压过压时，使其通过所述第一开关管（S1）和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电，以及当所述负直流母线（142）上的电压过压时，使其通过所述第二开关管（S2）和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电。该放电装置能对直流母线进行放电，以使正直流母线（141）和负直流母线（142）上的电压相等。

Description

不间断电源直流母线的放电装置及放电方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电子电路领域，具体涉及不间断电源的放电装置和放电方法。
背景技术
不间断电源(UPS)能够持续不断地、稳定地给用电设备供电，已经广泛地用于各个领域。
图1是一种三相不间断电源的电路图，其中图1并未示出连接在直流母线上的逆变器。如图1所示，不间断电源10包括三相LC滤波电路12、三相半桥变换器13、直流电源15和DC-DC变换器16。三相交流电L1、L2和L3通过三相LC滤波电路12连接至三相半桥变换器13的三个输入端子(即其三个桥臂的中间节点N1、N2和N3)，且三相半桥变换器13的输出端连接至(或作为)正直流母线141和负直流母线142。DC-DC变换器16用于将直流电源15提供的直流电升压后输出至正直流母线141和负直流母线142上。
在市电模式下，控制三相半桥变换器13工作，从而将三相交流电L1、L2和L3转换为所需的直流电并输出至正、负直流母线141、142上。
在电池模式下，控制DC-DC变换器16中的开关管161以脉宽调制方式工作，从而将直流电源15提供的直流电进行升压后同时输出至正、负直流母线141、142上。但是在控制DC-DC变换器16工作过程中，难以精确控制正、负直流母线141、142上电压相等。
图2是一种单相不间断电源的电路图。单相不间断电源20包括LC滤波电路22，与LC滤波电路22的输出端连接的半桥变换器23，以及DC-DC变换器26。半桥变换器23中的两个开关管S21、S22的中间节点N21连接至LC滤波电路22的输出端。其与图1原理基本相同，在控制DC-DC变换器26中的开关管261以脉宽调制方式工作过程中，同样难以精确控制正、负直流母线241、242上电压相等。
因此在电池模式下，不间断电源可能存在以下三种情况：1、正直流母线上的电压过压(即超过预定的阈值)；2、负直流母线上的电压过压；3、正、负直流母线上的电压都过压。上述三种情况都会导致不间断电源 紧急关断从而停止对负载进行供电。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种对不间断电源的直流母线进行放电的放电装置和放电方法。
本发明的一个实施例提供了一种不间断电源直流母线的放电装置，所述不间断电源包括：正直流母线；负直流母线；以及半桥变换器，其包括第一桥臂，所述第一桥臂包括与所述正直流母线连接的第一开关管和与所述负直流母线连接的第二开关管，所述半桥变换器用于将输入端接收的交流电转换为直流电；
所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置包括：
电连接在所述第一桥臂的第一中间节点与地之间的第一可控导电装置；以及
控制装置，用于当所述不间断电源工作在电池模式下，控制所述第一可控导电装置、第一开关管和第二开关管的导通状态，当所述正直流母线上的电压过压时，使得所述正直流母线通过所述第一开关管和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电，以及当所述负直流母线上的电压过压时，使得所述负直流母线通过所述第二开关管和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电。
优选的，所述第一可控导电装置包括串联的第一开关、第一电阻和第一电感，所述控制装置用于控制所述第一开关导通和断开。
优选的，所述不间断电源还包括连接在所述交流电和所述半桥变换器的输入端之间的LC滤波电路，所述第一可控导电装置包括第二开关、第二电阻和所述LC滤波电路中的电感，所述LC滤波电路中的所述电感的一端连接至所述第一中间节点，且另一端通过串联的所述第二开关和第二电阻接地，所述控制装置用于控制所述第二开关导通和断开。
优选的，所述交流电为三相交流电，所述半桥变换器为三相半桥变换器，所述三相半桥变换器包括第二桥臂，所述第二桥臂包括与所述正直流母线连接的第三开关管和与所述负直流母线连接的第四开关管；其中，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置还包括电连接在所述三相半桥变换器的第二桥臂的第二中间节点与地之间的第二可控导电装置。
优选的，所述第二可控导电装置包括串联的第三开关、第三电阻和第二电感。
优选的，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置还包括：在所述正直流母线和负直流母线之间连接成一个桥臂的第五开关管和第六开关管；以及串联的第四电阻和第三电感，所述串联的第四电阻和第三电感连接在所述第五开关管和第六开关管的中间节点与地之间。
本发明的一个实施例还提供了一种包括上述不间断电源和不间断电源直流母线的放电装置的不间断电源。
本发明的一个实施例提供了一种不间断电源直流母线的放电方法，所述放电方法包括：控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管和第二开关管分别提供第一脉宽调制驱动信号和第二脉宽调制驱动信号，当所述正直流母线上的电压过压时，使得所述正直流母线通过所述第一开关管和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电，以及当所述负直流母线上的电压过压时，使得所述负直流母线通过所述第二开关管和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电。
优选的，当所述正直流母线上的电压过压时，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通；或当所述负直流母线上的电压过压时，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通。
优选的，所述放电方法包括：当所述正直流母线上的电压过压时，控制所述第二开关管截止；或当所述负直流母线上的电压过压时，控制所述第一开关管截止。
优选的，所述交流电为三相交流电，所述半桥变换器为三相半桥变换器，所述三相半桥变换器包括第二桥臂，所述第二桥臂包括与所述正直流母线连接的第三开关管和与所述负直流母线连接的第四开关管，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置还包括电连接在所述第二桥臂的第二中间节点与地之间的第二可控导电装置，当所述正直流母线和负直流母线上的电压都过压时，所述放电方法包括：
控制所述第一和第二可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且给所述第三开关管提供的第三脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第四开关管提供的第四脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比， 且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通，且控制所述第三开关管和第四开关管不同时导通；或控制所述第一和第二可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且给所述第三开关管提供的第三脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第四开关管提供的第四脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通，且控制所述第三开关管和第四开关管不同时导通。
优选的，所述放电方法包括：控制所述第一和第二可控导电装置导通，控制所述第二开关管和第三开关管截止；或控制所述第一和第二可控导电装置导通，控制所述第一开关管和第四开关管截止。
优选的，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置还包括：在所述正直流母线和负直流母线之间连接成一个桥臂的第五开关管和第六开关管；以及串联的第四电阻和第三电感，所述串联的第四电阻和第三电感连接在所述第五开关管和第六开关管的中间节点与地之间；当所述正直流母线和负直流母线上的电压都过压时，所述放电方法包括：
控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，给所述第五开关管提供的第五脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第六开关管提供的第六脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通，且控制所述第五开关管和第六开关管不同时导通；或控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，给所述第五开关管提供的第五脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第六开关管提供的第六脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通，且控制所述第五开关管和第六开关管不同时导通。
优选的，所述放电方法还包括：
控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，控制所述第二开关管和第五开关管截止；或控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，控制所述第一开关管和第六开关管截止。
本发明的放电装置和放电方法能够对工作在电池模式下的不间断电源的直流母线进行放电，避免不间断电源紧急关断从而停止对负载进行供 电。
附图说明
以下参照附图对本发明实施例作进一步说明，其中：
图1是一种三相不间断电源的电路图。
图2是一种单相不间断电源的电路图。
图3是根据本发明第一个实施例的三相不间断电源的电路图。
图4是根据本发明第二个实施例的三相不间断电源的电路图。
图5是根据本发明第三个实施例的单相不间断电源的电路图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图通过具体实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。
图3是根据本发明第一个实施例的三相不间断电源的电路图。如图3所示，该电路包括在三相半桥变换器13的第一桥臂的中间节点N1和地之间串联的电感L1、电阻R1和开关K1，在三相半桥变换器13的第二桥臂的中间节点N2和地之间串联的电感L2、电阻R2和开关K2，以及控制装置17，下文将结合工作模式和直流母线过压情况详细说明其功能。
在市电模式下，控制装置17控制开关K1和K2断开。
以下将分别介绍图3所示的电路在电池模式下，正直流母线141上的电压过压、负直流母线142上的电压过压，以及正、负直流母线141、142上的电压都过压的情况下的放电方法。
(1)正直流母线141上的电压过压的情况：
放电方法(1a)、控制装置17控制开关K1、K2闭合，给开关管S1提供的脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给开关管S2提供的脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制开关管S1、S2不同时导通，形成的第一条放电路径是正直流母线141、开关管S1、电感L1、电阻R1到开关K1，电阻R1用于消耗正直流母线141上的电能。
放电方法(1a’)、在放电方法(1a)基础上，优选开关管S2被控制处于截止状态。
放电方法(1b)、控制装置17控制开关K1、K2闭合，给开关管S3提供的脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给开关管S4提供的脉宽调制驱动信 号的占空比，且控制开关管S3、S4不同时导通，形成的第二条放电路径是正直流母线141、开关管S3、电感L2、电阻R2到开关K2，电阻R2用于消耗正直流母线141上的电能，三相LC滤波电路12中的电感用于限流。
放电方法(1b’)、在放电方法(1b)基础上，优选开关管S4被控制处于截止状态。
放电方法(1c)、同时执行上述放电方法(1a)或(1a’)形成上述第一条放电路径，以及执行放电方法(1b)或(1b’)形成上述第二条放电路径。两条放电路径可以加快正直流母线141的放电过程。
(2)负直流母线142上的电压过压：
放电方法(2a)、控制装置17控制开关K1、K2闭合，给开关管S1提供的脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给开关管S2提供的脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制开关管S1、S2不同时导通，形成的第三条放电路径是开关K1、电阻R1、电感L1、开关管S2到负直流母线142，电阻R1用于消耗负直流母线142上的电能。
放电方法(2a’)、在放电方法(2a)基础上，优选开关管S1被控制处于截止状态。
放电方法(2b)、控制装置17控制开关K1、K2闭合，给开关管S3提供的脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给开关管S4提供的脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制开关管S3、S4不同时导通，形成的第四条放电路径是开关K2、电阻R2、电感L2、开关管S4到负直流母线142，电阻R2用于消耗负直流母线142上的电能。
放电方法(2b’)、在放电方法(2b)基础上，优选开关管S3被控制处于截止状态。
放电方法(2c)、执行上述放电方法(2a)或(2a’)形成上述第三条放电路径，以及执行放电方法(2b)或(2b’)形成上述第四条放电路径。两条放电路径可以加快负直流母线142的放电过程。
(3)正、负直流母线141、142上的电压都过压：
放电方法(3a)、同时执行上述放电方法(1a)和(2b)，因此形成上述第一条放电路径和第四条放电路径，从而实现正、负直流母线141、142同时放电。
放电方法(3a’)、执行上述放电方法(1a’)和(2b’)，形成上述第一条放电路径和第四条放电路径，从而实现正、负直流母线141、142同时放 电。
放电方法(3b)、同时执行上述放电方法(1b)和(2a)，形成上述第二条放电路径和第三条放电路径。从而实现正、负直流母线141、142同时放电。
放电方法(3b’)、执行上述放电方法(1b’)和(2a’)，形成上述第二条放电路径和第三条放电路径。从而实现正、负直流母线141、142同时放电。
在本发明的其他实施例中，可以在中间节点N1、N2和N3中任意两个与地之间连接串联的电感和开关。
图4是根据本发明第二个实施例的三相不间断电源的电路图。如图4所示，该电路包括在三相LC滤波电路12的两个输入端子和地之间分别串联的开关K1’和电阻R1’，以及串联的开关K2’和电阻R2’。在电池模式下，三相LC滤波电路12中与中间节点N1连接的电感121通过串联的开关K1’和电阻R1’接地，并作为放电路径的一部分。三相LC滤波电路12中与中间节点N2连接的电感122通过串联的开关K2’和电阻R2’接地，并作为另一条放电路径的一部分。两条放电路径复用了三相LC滤波电路12中的两个电感121、122，节省了成本。
图4所示的电路的放电方式与图3完全相同，在此不再赘述。
图3和4中仅以虚线箭头示出了控制装置17给相应的开关管和开关提供控制信号。控制装置17包括脉宽调制信号产生装置，连接在脉宽调制信号产生装置的输出端和开关管S1-S4的栅极之间的栅极驱动器，以及控制开关K1、K2或开关K1’、K2’的导通状态的控制电路。本领域的技术人员还可以采用其他的控制装置来产生所需的控制信号，例如利用不间断电源10中给三相半桥变换器13提供脉宽调制信号的控制装置。
图5是根据本发明第三个实施例的单相不间断电源的电路图。如图5所示，放电电路包括连接在LC滤波电路22的输入端和地之间串联的开关K1”和电阻R1”，在正直流母线241和负直流母线242之间连接成一个桥臂的开关管S25和S26，以及连接在开关管S25和S26的中间节点N24与地之间串联的电感L1”和电阻R2”。其中在电池模式下，LC滤波电路22中的电感221与开关K1”串联，并作为放电路径的一部分。
在市电模式下，控制装置27控制开关K1”断开。
以下将分别介绍图5所示的电路在电池模式下，正直流母线241上的 电压过压、负直流母线242上的电压过压，以及正负直流母线241、242上的电压都过压的情况下的放电方法。
放电方法(4)、正直流母线241上的电压过压：控制装置27控制开关K1”闭合，控制开关管S21、S22、S25和S26的方式与放电方法(1a)、(1a’)、(1b)、(1b’)或(1c)中控制开关管S1～S4的方式基本相同，在此不再赘述。
放电方法(5)、负直流母线242上的电压过压：控制装置27控制开关K1”闭合，控制开关管S21、S22、S25和S26的方式与放电方法(2a)、(2a’)、(2b)、(2b’)或(2c)中控制开关管S1～S4的方式基本相同，在此不再赘述。
放电方法(6)、正负直流母线241、242上的电压都过压：控制装置27控制开关K1”闭合，控制开关管S21、S22、S25和S26的方式与方法(3a)、(3a’)、(3b)或(3b’)中控制开关管S1～S4的方式基本相同，在此不再赘述。
在本发明的其他实施例中，还可以采用在中间节点N21和地之间串联的电感、电阻和开关代替图5中串联的开关K1”和电阻R1”。
虽然本发明已经通过优选实施例进行了描述，然而本发明并非局限于这里所描述的实施例，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下还包括所作出的各种改变以及变化。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种不间断电源直流母线的放电装置，所述不间断电源包括：
    正直流母线；
    负直流母线；
    半桥变换器，其包括第一桥臂，所述第一桥臂包括与所述正直流母线连接的第一开关管和与所述负直流母线连接的第二开关管，所述半桥变换器用于将输入端接收的交流电转换为直流电；
    其特征在于，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置包括：
    电连接在所述第一桥臂的第一中间节点与地之间的第一可控导电装置；以及
    控制装置，用于当所述不间断电源工作在电池模式下，控制所述第一可控导电装置、第一开关管和第二开关管的导通状态，当所述正直流母线上的电压过压时，使得所述正直流母线通过所述第一开关管和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电，以及当所述负直流母线上的电压过压时，使得所述负直流母线通过所述第二开关管和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的不间断电源直流母线的放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一可控导电装置包括串联的第一开关、第一电阻和第一电感，所述控制装置用于控制所述第一开关导通和断开。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的不间断电源直流母线的放电装置，所述不间断电源还包括连接在所述交流电和所述半桥变换器的输入端之间的LC滤波电路，所述第一可控导电装置包括第二开关、第二电阻和所述LC滤波电路中的电感，所述LC滤波电路中的所述电感的一端连接至所述第一中间节点，且另一端通过串联的所述第二开关和第二电阻接地，所述控制装置用于控制所述第二开关导通和断开。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的不间断电源直流母线的放电装置，所述交流电为三相交流电，所述半桥变换器为三相半桥变换器，所述三相半桥变换器包括第二桥臂，所述第二桥臂包括与所述正直流母线连接的第三开关管和与所述负直流母线连接的第四开关管；其中，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置还包括电连接在所述三相半桥变换器的第二桥臂的第二中间节点与地之间的第二可控导电装置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的不间断电源直流母线的放电装置，所述第 二可控导电装置包括串联的第三开关、第三电阻和第二电感。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的不间断电源直流母线的放电装置，其特征在于，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置还包括：
    在所述正直流母线和负直流母线之间连接成一个桥臂的第五开关管和第六开关管；以及
    串联的第四电阻和第三电感，所述串联的第四电阻和第三电感连接在所述第五开关管和第六开关管的中间节点与地之间。
  7. 一种具有放电装置的不间断电源，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的不间断电源和不间断电源直流母线的放电装置。
  8. 一种用于如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的不间断电源直流母线的放电装置的放电方法，其特征在于，所述放电方法包括：控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管和第二开关管分别提供第一脉宽调制驱动信号和第二脉宽调制驱动信号，当所述正直流母线上的电压过压时，使得所述正直流母线通过所述第一开关管和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电，以及当所述负直流母线上的电压过压时，使得所述负直流母线通过所述第二开关管和所述第一可控导电装置进行放电。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的放电方法，其特征在于，
    当所述正直流母线上的电压过压时，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通；或
    当所述负直流母线上的电压过压时，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的放电方法，其特征在于，所述放电方法包括：
    当所述正直流母线上的电压过压时，控制所述第二开关管截止；或
    当所述负直流母线上的电压过压时，控制所述第一开关管截止。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的放电方法，所述交流电为三相交流电，所述半桥变换器为三相半桥变换器，所述三相半桥变换器包括第二桥臂，所述第二桥臂包括与所述正直流母线连接的第三开关管和与所述负直流母线连接的第四开关管，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置还包括电连接在所述第二桥臂的第二中间节点与地之间的第二可控导电装置，其特征在 于，当所述正直流母线和负直流母线上的电压都过压时，所述放电方法包括：
    控制所述第一和第二可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且给所述第三开关管提供的第三脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第四开关管提供的第四脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通，且控制所述第三开关管和第四开关管不同时导通；或
    控制所述第一和第二可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且给所述第三开关管提供的第三脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第四开关管提供的第四脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通，且控制所述第三开关管和第四开关管不同时导通。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的放电方法，其特征在于，所述放电方法包括：
    控制所述第一和第二可控导电装置导通，控制所述第二开关管和第三开关管截止；或
    控制所述第一和第二可控导电装置导通，控制所述第一开关管和第四开关管截止。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的放电方法，所述不间断电源直流母线的放电装置还包括：在所述正直流母线和负直流母线之间连接成一个桥臂的第五开关管和第六开关管；以及串联的第四电阻和第三电感，所述串联的第四电阻和第三电感连接在所述第五开关管和第六开关管的中间节点与地之间；其特征在于，当所述正直流母线和负直流母线上的电压都过压时，所述放电方法包括：
    控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，给所述第五开关管提供的第五脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第六开关管提供的第六脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通，且控制所述第五开关管和第六开关管不同时导通；或
    控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，给所述第一开关管提供的第一脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比小于给所述第二开关管提供的第二脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，给所述第五开关管提供的第五脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比大于给所述第六开关管提供的第六脉宽调制驱动信号的占空比，且控制所述第一开关管和第二开关管不同时导通，且控制所述第五开关管和第六开关管不同时导通。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的放电方法，其特征在于，所述放电方法还包括：
    控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，控制所述第二开关管和第五开关管截止；或
    控制所述第一可控导电装置导通，控制所述第一开关管和第六开关管截止。
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